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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-density parity-check convolutional codes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 26 June 2025

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1

Baldi, Marco, Giovanni Cancellieri, and Franco Chiaraluce. "Array Convolutional Low-Density Parity-Check Codes." IEEE Communications Letters 18, no. 2 (2014): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2013.120713.132177.

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2

Baldi, Marco, Marco Bianchi, Giovanni Cancellieri, and Franco Chiaraluce. "Progressive Differences Convolutional Low-Density Parity-Check Codes." IEEE Communications Letters 16, no. 11 (2012): 1848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2012.091212.121230.

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3

Jimenez Felstrom, A., and K. S. Zigangirov. "Time-varying periodic convolutional codes with low-density parity-check matrix." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 45, no. 6 (1999): 2181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.782171.

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4

Bates, S., D. G. Elliott, and R. Swamy. "Termination Sequence Generation Circuits for Low-Density Parity-Check Convolutional Codes." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 53, no. 9 (2006): 1909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2006.880313.

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5

Bates, S., Zhengang Chen, L. Gunthorpe, A. E. Pusane, K. Sh Zigangirov, and Daniel J. Costello. "A low-cost serial decoder architecture for low-density parity-check convolutional codes." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 55, no. 7 (2008): 1967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2008.918002.

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6

Zhengang Chen and S. Bates. "Construction of low-density parity-check convolutional codes through progressive edge-growth." IEEE Communications Letters 9, no. 12 (2005): 1058–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2005.1576587.

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7

Mu, Liwei, Zhiyong Liu, and Yi Fang. "Construction of time-invariant rate-compatible-low-density parity-check convolutional codes." IET Communications 10, no. 9 (2016): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2015.0867.

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8

Farkaš, Peter, and Frank Schindler. "Construction for obtaining trellis run length limited error control codes from convolutional codes." Journal of Electrical Engineering 68, no. 5 (2017): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2017-0074.

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Abstract Recently a new construction of run length limited block error control codes based on control matrices of linear block codes was proposed. In this paper a similar construction for obtaining trellis run length limited error control codes from convolutional codes is described. The main advantage of it, beyond its simplicity is that it does not require any additional redundancy except the one which is already contained in the original convolutional error control code. One example is presented how to get such a code from a convolutional low density parity check code.

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9

Lo, Ka Leong, Zhuo Chen, Slavica Marinkovic, and Branka Vucetic. "Layered space-time structures with low-density parity-check and convolutional codes as constituent codes." European Transactions on Telecommunications 16, no. 2 (2005): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.1036.

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10

Laouar, Oulfa, Imed Amamra, and Nadir Derouiche. "EXIT chart analysis of regular and irregular LDPC convolutional codes on AWGN channel." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 14, no. 1 (2025): 338–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v14i1.8260.

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Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are widely recognized for their excellent forward error correction, near-Shannon-limit performance, and support for high data rates with effective hardware parallelization. Their convolutional counterpart, LDPC convolutional codes (LDPC-CCs), offer additional advantages such as variable codeword lengths, unlimited parity-check matrices, and simpler encoding and decoding. These features make LDPC-CCs particularly suitable for practical implementations with varying channel conditions and data frame sizes. This paper investigates the performance of LDPC-CCs using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart, a graphical tool for analyzing iterative decoding. EXIT charts visualize mutual information exchange and help predict convergence behavior, estimate performance thresholds, and optimize code design. Starting with the EXIT chart principles for LDPC codes, we derived the mutual information functions for variable and check nodes in regular and irregular LDPC-CC tanner graphs. This involved adapting existing EXIT functions to the periodic parity-check matrix of LDPC-CCs. We compare regular and irregular LDPC-CC constructions, examining the impact of degree distributions and the number of periods in the parity-check matrix on convergence behavior. Our simulations show that irregular LDPC-CCs consistently outperform regular ones, and the EXIT chart analysis confirms that LDPC-CCs demonstrate superior bit error rate (BER) performance compared to equivalent LDPC block codes.

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11

Al-Moliki, Yahya Mohammed Hameed, Kamarul Ariffin Bin Noordin, MHD Nour Hindia, and Mohd Fadzli Bin Mohd Salleh. "Concatenated RS-Convolutional Codes for Cooperative Wireless Communication." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (2013): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001307010009.

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In the last few years, several works have investigated the performance of cooperative wireless systems with various types of channel codes such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC), Turbo, CRC, convolutional and recently Reed Solomon (RS) codes. These cooperative schemes give power to single antenna mobiles to originate virtual multiple antennas transmitter, MIMO system, by sharing their antennas so that diversity gain is achieved. The most common cooperative schemes are decode and forward (DF) and coded cooperation (CC). Concatenated Reed Solomon and convolutional codes have been used by several wireless communication standards like digital video broadcasting (DVB) standards and IEEE 802.16e WiMAX standard. In this paper, we develop two different coded cooperation schemes and apply them to the mandatory structure of physical layer specifications of IEEE 802.16e WiMAX. The results attained for both coded cooperation schemes present magnificent diversity gains over non-cooperative scheme.

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12

Ivanov, Fedor, and Aleksey Kuvshinov. "On the comparison of different serial concatenated schemes based on polar and LDPC codes." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 37, no. 3 (2024): 483–96. https://doi.org/10.2298/fuee2403483i.

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Nowadays concatenated codes are actively developed for different applications of error-correcting theory. In this paper we propose a new method for constructing concatenated codes consisting of some outer error-correcting code and a particular designed inner low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. We consider polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) code and LDPC code as outer code of suggested construction. A specialized optimization algorithm was developed to generate inner code with particular error-reducing properties. By using the woven codes decoder with this design, the complexity of the decoding procedure is reduced compared to traditional polar and LDPC codes decoders, while still providing error-correcting characteristics. Additionally, we enhance the performance of our system by puncturing the encoded symbols. The resulting concatenated constructions outperform low-rate LDPC code from the 5G standard and polar code. Furthermore, we demonstrate the performance of code with a special paritycheck matrix which consists of parity-check matrices of inner and outer codes from our proposed construction.

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13

Liu, Y., X. Wang, R. Chen, and Y. He. "Modified on-demand belief propagation algorithm for decoding of low-density parity-check convolutional codes." Electronics Letters 44, no. 12 (2008): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20080624.

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14

Mu, Liwei, Guojun Han, and Zhiyong Liu. "Construction of rate-compatible (RC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes based on RC-LDPC block codes." Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 21, no. 6 (2016): 679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12204-016-1781-5.

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15

Liu, Qiang. "Rate-compatible LDPC convolutional codes over non-gaussian noise channel." MATEC Web of Conferences 309 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030901010.

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This paper is aimed to study the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel with non-Gaussian noise channel. And Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is utilized to fit the background noise over the non-Gaussian noise channel. Furthermore, coding techniques which use a sequence of rate-compatible low-density parity-check (RC-LDPC) convolutional codes with separate rates are constructed based on graph extension method. The performance study of RC-LDPC convolutional codes over non-Gaussian noise channel and the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is performed. Study implementation of simulation is that modulation with binary phase shift keying (BPSK), and iterative decoding based on pipeline log-likelihood rate belief propagation (LLRBP) algorithm. Finally, it is shown that RC-LDPC convolutional codes have good bit-rate-error (BER) performance and can effectively reduce the impact of noise.

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16

Dong, Ji Gang, Da Jun Sun, You Wen Zhang, and Wei Wei Fan. "FH-FSK Underwater Acoustic Control and Communication System Based on LDPC Code." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.375.

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In this paper, a frequency-hopping frequency-shift keying (FH-FSK) underwater acoustic control and communication system based on Low Density Parity Check Codes (LDPC) is proposed by combining with FH-FSK system and LDPC. The anti-jamming performance of the system in the condition of Gaussian white noise and coherent multi-path channel is simulated respectively. The simulation result shows that FH-FSK system based on LDPC has a better performance than that of convolutional code. Therefore, it is more applicable for the system to have a stable anti-jamming performance and better robustness.

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17

Arafa, T., W. Sauer-Greff, and R. Urbansky. "Improving the performance of BICM-ID and MLC systems with different FEC codes." Advances in Radio Science 11 (July 4, 2013): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-87-2013.

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Abstract. In bandwidth limited communication systems, the high data rate transmission with performance close to capacity limits is achieved by applying multilevel modulation schemes in association with powerful forward error correction (FEC) coding, i.e. coded modulation systems. The most important practical approaches to coded modulation systems are multilevel coding with multistage decoding (MLC/MSD) and bit interleaved coded modulation with iterative demapping and decoding (BICM-ID). Multilevel modulation formats such as M-QAM, which can be used as a part of coded modulation systems, have the capability of multilevel protection. Based on this fact, we investigate the methods to improve the performance of BICM-ID using multiple interleavers with different binary channel coding schemes such as convolutional codes, turbo codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Moreover, an MLC system with parallel decoding on levels (PDL) at the receiver is considered. In our contribution, we propose to design the individual coding schemes using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts for individual bit levels in the constellation. Our simulation results show that the BICM-ID systems, taking into account different bit-level protections, can provide an improvement of 0.65 dB, 1.2 dB and 1.5 dB for 256-QAM with turbo, LDPC and convolutional codes, respectively. On the other hand, MLC systems with PDL designed using EXIT charts for individual bit levels can slightly improve the performance and eliminate the error floor compared to the systems with MSD.

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18

Belhadj, Salima, Abdelmounaim Moulay Lakhdar, and Ridha Ilyas Bendjillali. "Performance comparison of channel coding schemes for 5G massive machine type communications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 902–8. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp902-908.

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Channel coding for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication is currently facing new challenges as it needs to uphold diverse emerging applications and scenarios. Massive machine-type communication (mMTC) constitute one of the main usage scenarios in 5G systems, which promise to provide low data rate services to a large number of low power and low complexity devices. Research on efficient coding schemes for such use case is still ongoing and no decision has been made yet. Therefore, This paper compares the performance of different coding schemes, namely: tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC), low density parity check codes (LDPC), Turbo code and Polar codes, in order to select the appropriate channel coding technique for 5G-mMTC scenario. The considered codes are evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) and block error rate (BLER) for short information block lengths (K ≤ 256). We further investigate their Algorithmic complexity in terms of the number of basic operations. The Simulation results indicate that polar code with CRC-aided successive cancelation list decoder has better performance compared with other coding schemes for 5G-mMTC scenario.

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19

Maammar, Nejwa El, Seddik Bri, and Jaouad Foshi. "Performances Concatenated LDPC based STBC-OFDM System and MRC Receivers." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (2018): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp622-630.

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This paper presents the bit error rate performance of the low density parity check (LDPC) with the concatenation of convolutional channel coding based orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) using space time block coded (STBC). The OFDM wireless communication system incorporates 3/4-rated convolutional encoder under various digital modulations (BPSK, QPSK and QAM) over an additative white gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading (Raleigh and Rician) channels. At the receiving section of the simulated system, Maximum Ratio combining (MRC) channel equalization technique has been implemented to extract transmitted symbols without enhancing noise power.

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20

Nejwa, El Maammar, Bri Seddik, and Foshi Jaouad. "Performances Concatenated LDPC based STBC-OFDM System and MRC Receivers." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (2018): 622–30. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp622-630.

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This paper presents the bit error rate performance of the low density parity check (LDPC) with the concatenation of convolutional channel coding based orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) using space time block coded (STBC). The OFDM wireless communication system incorporates 3/4-rated convolutional encoder under various digital modulations (BPSK, QPSK and QAM) over an additative white gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading (Raleigh and Rician) channels. At the receiving section of the simulated system, Maximum Ratio combining (MRC) channel equalization technique has been implemented to extract transmitted symbols without enhancing noise power.

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21

Rekkal, Kahina, Sara Rekkal, and Abdesselam Bassou. "Advanced hybrid algorithms for precise multipath channel estimation in next-generation wireless networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (2024): 1654–64. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1654-1664.

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Multipath channels continue to present challenges in wireless communication for both 5G and 6G networks. A multipath channel is a phenomenon in wireless communications where signals traverse from the sender to the receiver along various paths. This end occurs due to the reflection, diffraction, and refraction of signals of various objects and structures in the environment. Such pathways can cause symbol interference in the transmitted signal, leading to communication issues. To this end, our paper proposes the integration of three algorithms: teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial neural networks (ANN). This combination effectively analyzes and stabilizes the transmission channel, minimizing symbol interference. We have developed, simulated, and evaluated this hybrid approach for multipath fading channels. We apply it to various coding schemes, including tail-biting convolutional code, turbo codes, low-density parity-check, and polar code. Additionally, we have explored various decoding methods such as Viterbi, maximum logarithmic maximum a posteriori, minimum sum, and cyclic redundancy check soft cancellation list. Our study encompasses new channel equalization schemes and coding gains derived from simulations and mathematical analysis. Our proposed method significantly enhances channel equalization, reducing interference and improving error correction in wireless communication systems.

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22

Belhadj, Salima, Abdelmounaim Moulay Lakhdar, and Ridha Ilyas Bendjillali. "Performance comparison of channel coding schemes for 5G massive machine type communications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp902-908.

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<p><span>Channel coding for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication is currently facing new challenges as it needs to uphold diverse emerging applications and scenarios. Massive machine-type communication (mMTC) constitute one of the main usage scenarios in 5G systems, which promise to provide low data rate services to a large number of low power and low complexity devices. Research on efficient coding schemes for such use case is still ongoing and no decision has been made yet. Therefore, This paper compares the performance of different coding schemes, namely: tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC), low density parity check codes (LDPC), Turbo code and Polar codes, in order to select the appropriate channel coding technique for 5G-mMTC scenario. The considered codes are evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) and block error rate (BLER) for short information block lengths (K ≤ 256). We further investigate their Algorithmic complexity in terms of the number of basic operations. The Simulation results indicate that polar code with CRC-aided successive cancelation list decoder has better performance compared with other coding schemes for 5G-mMTC scenario.</span></p>

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23

Yang, Siyi, and Robert Calderbank. "Spatially-Coupled QLDPC Codes." Quantum 9 (April 7, 2025): 1693. https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-07-1693.

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Spatially-coupled (SC) codes is a class of convolutional LDPC codes that has been well investigated in classical coding theory thanks to their high performance and compatibility with low-latency decoders. We describe toric codes as quantum counterparts of classical two-dimensional spatially-coupled (2D-SC) codes, and introduce spatially-coupled quantum LDPC (SC-QLDPC) codes as a generalization. We use the convolutional structure to represent the parity check matrix of a 2D-SC code as a polynomial in two indeterminates, and derive an algebraic condition that is both necessary and sufficient for a 2D-SC code to be a stabilizer code. This algebraic framework facilitates the construction of new code families. While not the focus of this paper, we note that small memory facilitates physical connectivity of qubits, and it enables local encoding and low-latency windowed decoding. In this paper, we use the algebraic framework to optimize short cycles in the Tanner graph of 2D-SC hypergraph product (HGP) codes that arise from short cycles in either component code. While prior work focuses on QLDPC codes with rate less than 1/10, we construct 2D-SC HGP codes with small memories, higher rates (about 1/3), and superior thresholds.

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24

Mulyono, Hilman Auzan, Khoirul Anwar, and Budi Prasetya. "ON THE DESIGN OF BCH CODES POLYNOMIALS FOR DIGITAL TELEVISION DVB-T2 BROADCASTING SYSTEMS." Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems 6, no. 1 (2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/jmecs.v6i1.2828.

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Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial{Second Generation (DVB-T2) requires a high coding rate to transmit data of high-quality video. This paper evaluates Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for the DVB-T2 to measure the gain of BCH codes. This paper evaluates the BCH codes as outer coding to be combined with other different inner encoding schemes such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes and convolutional codes to measure the best suitable inner encoding scheme. This paper also studies the performances of BCH codes for DVB-T2 specified by two different standards, i.e., (a) The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Technical Specification (TS) 102 831 and (b) ETSI European Standard (EN) 302 755. To obtain better error correcting capability, we propose new BCH polynomials based on the general guideline from ETSI TS 102 831 for Galois Field GF(214). We perform computer simulations to evaluate bit-error-rate (BER) performances under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and Indonesia DVB-T2 channel model. We revealed the superiority of BCH codes in high data rate transmission, which is required for DVB-T2, and found that BCH codes are better suited to the LDPC codes as inner encoding rather than to the convolutional codes. We also confirmed that BCH codes of DVB-T2 from ETSI TS 102 831 using the proposed BCH polynomials have better performances compared to the standard polynomial of ETSI EN 302 755. We are expecting that the obtained polynomials can be adopted by the BCH codes of Indonesia DVB-T2 system. These results are expected to support the Indonesian government in determining the parameters of the BCH codes of DVB-T2 for Indonesia.

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25

de Schryver, C., S. Weithoffer, U. Wasenmüller, and N. Wehn. "Design space exploration of high throughput finite field multipliers for channel coding on Xilinx FPGAs." Advances in Radio Science 10 (September 18, 2012): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-10-175-2012.

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Abstract. Channel coding is a standard technique in all wireless communication systems. In addition to the typically employed methods like convolutional coding, turbo coding or low density parity check (LDPC) coding, algebraic codes are used in many cases. For example, outer BCH coding is applied in the DVB-S2 standard for satellite TV broadcasting. A key operation for BCH and the related Reed-Solomon codes are multiplications in finite fields (Galois Fields), where extension fields of prime fields are used. A lot of architectures for multiplications in finite fields have been published over the last decades. This paper examines four different multiplier architectures in detail that offer the potential for very high throughputs. We investigate the implementation performance of these multipliers on FPGA technology in the context of channel coding. We study the efficiency of the multipliers with respect to area, frequency and throughput, as well as configurability and scalability. The implementation data of the fully verified circuits are provided for a Xilinx Virtex-4 device after place and route.

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26

Mei, Fan, Hong Chen, and Yingke Lei. "Blind Recognition of Forward Error Correction Codes Based on Recurrent Neural Network." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113884.

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Forward error correction coding is the most common way of channel coding and the key point of error correction coding. Therefore, the recognition of which coding type is an important issue in non-cooperative communication. At present, the recognition of FEC codes is mainly concentrated in the field of semi-blind identification with known types of codes. However, the receiver cannot know the types of channel coding previously in non-cooperative systems such as cognitive radio and remote sensing of communication. Therefore, it is important to recognize the error-correcting encoding type with no prior information. In the paper, we come up with a neoteric method to identify the types of FEC codes based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) under the condition of non-cooperative communication. The algorithm classifies the input data into Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, Low-density Parity-check (LDPC) codes, Turbo codes and convolutional codes. So as to train the RNN model with better performance, the weight initialization method is optimized and the network performance is improved. The experimental result indicates that the average recognition rate of this model is 99% when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranges from 0 dB to 10 dB, which is in line with the requirements of engineering practice under the condition of non-cooperative communication. Moreover, the comparison of different parameters and models show the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm proposed.

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27

Rekkal, Kahina, Sara Rekkal, and Abdesselam Bassou. "Advanced hybrid algorithms for precise multipath channel estimation in next-generation wireless networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (2024): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1654-1664.

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Multipath channels continue to present challenges in wireless communication for both 5G and 6G networks. A multipath channel is a phenomenon in wireless communications where signals traverse from the sender to the receiver along various paths. This end occurs due to the reflection, diffraction, and refraction of signals of various objects and structures in the environment. Such pathways can cause symbol interference in the transmitted signal, leading to communication issues. To this end, our paper proposes the integration of three algorithms: teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial neural networks (ANN). This combination effectively analyzes and stabilizes the transmission channel, minimizing symbol interference. We have developed, simulated, and evaluated this hybrid approach for multipath fading channels. We apply it to various coding schemes, including tail-biting convolutional code, turbo codes, low-density parity-check, and polar code. Additionally, we have explored various decoding methods such as Viterbi, maximum logarithmic maximum a posteriori, minimum sum, and cyclic redundancy check soft cancellation list. Our study encompasses new channel equalization schemes and coding gains derived from simulations and mathematical analysis. Our proposed method significantly enhances channel equalization, reducing interference and improving error correction in wireless communication systems.

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28

Zhang, Xiang, and Wei Zhang. "A Cascade Network for Blind Recognition of LDPC Codes." Electronics 12, no. 9 (2023): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12091979.

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Coding blind recognition plays a vital role in non-cooperative communication. Most of the algorithm for coding blind recognition of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes is difficult to apply and the problem of high time complexity and high space complexity cannot be solved. Inspired by deep learning, we propose an architecture for coding blind recognition of LDPC codes. This architecture concatenates a Transformer-based network with a convolution neural network (CNN). The CNN is used to suppress the noise in real time, followed by a Transformer-based neural network aimed to identify the rate and length of the LDPC codes. In order to train denoise networks and recognition networks with high performance, we build our own datasets and define loss functions for the denoise networks. Simulation results show that this architecture is able to achieve better performance than the traditional method at a lower signal-noise ratio (SNR). Compared with the existing methods, this approach is more flexible and can therefore be quickly deployed.

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29

Almaamory, Aqiel N., and Husam Abduldaem Mohammed. "Performance Evaluation and Comparison Between LDPC and Turbo Coded MC-CDMA." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 04 (2023): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.04.05.

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This work presents a comparison between the Convolutional Encoding CE, Parallel Turbo code and Low density Parity Check (LDPC) coding schemes with a MultiUser Single Output MUSO Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system over multipath fading channels. The decoding technique used in the simulation was iterative decoding since it gives maximum efficiency at higher iterations. Modulation schemes used is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QAM. An 8 pilot carrier wereused to compensate channel effect with Least Square Estimation method. The channel model used is Long Term Evolution (LTE) channel with Technical Specification TS 25.101v2.10 and 5 MHz bandwidth bandwidth including the channels of indoor to outdoor/ pedestrian channel and Vehicular channel. The results showed that the performance of the proposed system was better when the LDPC was used as a coding technique

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30

I, Gugan, Praveena V, and Seyed M. Buhari. "OPTIMIZING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS USING ADVANCED ALGORITHMS FOR IMPROVED SIGNAL PROCESSING AND DATA TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 16, no. 1 (2025): 3449–53. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2025.0512.

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Efficient satellite communication is critical for ensuring seamless data transmission across various applications, including remote sensing, defense, and global connectivity. Traditional signal processing techniques face challenges such as signal degradation, interference, and bandwidth limitations, reducing overall transmission efficiency. Advanced optimization algorithms can enhance signal integrity, mitigate noise, and improve data throughput. This study proposes an adaptive hybrid optimization framework integrating Deep Learning- based Channel Estimation (DL-CE) with an Enhanced Error Correction Model (EECM). The DL-CE employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) combined with a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to predict channel variations dynamically, reducing transmission errors by 32.5%. Meanwhile, the EECM incorporates Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to enhance error correction efficiency, leading to a 27.8% reduction in bit error rate (BER) compared to conventional LDPC codes. Experimental evaluations on real-time satellite transmission datasets demonstrate a 21.3% improvement in spectral efficiency and a 36.4% enhancement in data throughput. Comparative analysis with traditional Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Turbo coding-based error correction confirms that the proposed method achieves a lower BER of 1.02 × 10?³, higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 42.8 dB, and increased data transmission speed of 1.8 Gbps.

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31

Priya, Bhanu, and Jyoteesh Malhotra. "Error Rate Performance of Potential Multicarrier Waveforms and Coding Techniques for 5G." International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control 10, no. 2 (2020): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210327909666190409130000.

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Background: The wisdom of future wireless communication is clearly highlighted by the gigabit experience, low latency and the three fold rises in the capacity, compared to the 4th Generation networks. To meet such an ambitious objective of the 5th Generation communication systems, efficient use of non-contiguous unused spectrum is required. The panacea to this issue lies in the symbiosis of multicarrier waveforms and coding schemes. Methods: To study the interaction between these two, several multicarrier waveforms like Filtered- OFDM (F-OFDM), Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) and Weighted Overlap and Add (WOLA) which act as a powerful contender to win the 5G candidate waveform race, are analyzed in Low-Density Parity Check Codes (LDPC), Polar and Turbo coded representative Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) channel models under a common numerology framework. This article dwells upon the error rate and throughput performance of different modulation formats and coding schemes appropriate for the 5G in a well-defined multi-cellular environment. Results and Conclusion: The results have shown that even though many waveforms and coding techniques may pave the route towards its adoption as a physical layer standard instead of classical OFDM and convolution codes but no one is a clear conqueror as their selection depends upon the considered environment and type of traffic.

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Costa, Thiago de A., Alex S. Macedo, Edemir M. C. Matos, et al. "A Temporal Methodology for Assessing the Performance of Concatenated Codes in OFDM Systems for 4K-UHD Video Transmission." Applied Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 3581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14093581.

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The communication channel is a critical part of the process of information degradation. In the 4K ultra-resolution video transmission domain, the communication channel is a crucial part where information degradation occurs, inevitably leading to errors during reception. To enhance the transmission process in terms of fidelity, advanced technologies such as digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB-T) and its evolutionary successor, digital video broadcasting terrestrial second generation (DVB-T2), are utilized to mitigate the effects of data transmission errors. Within this scenario, this research presents an innovative methodology for the temporal analysis of 4K ultra-resolution video quality under the influence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channels. This analytical endeavor is facilitated through the application of concatenated coding schemes, specifically, the Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem concatenated low-density parity check (BCH-LDPC) and Reed–Solomon concatenated convolutional (RS-CONV) coders. A more comprehensive understanding of video quality can be attained by considering its temporal variations, a crucial aspect of the ongoing evolution of technological paradigms. In this study, the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) serves as the main metric for quality assessment during simulations. Furthermore, the simulated Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values validate these findings, exhibiting consistent alignment with the SSIM-based evaluations. Additionally, the performance of the BCH-LDPC significantly outperforms that of RS-CONV under the 64-QAM modulation scheme, yielding superior video quality levels that approximate or surpass those achieved by RS-CONV under QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation, leading to an increase in spectral efficiency. This enhancement is evidenced by SSIM gains exceeding 78% on average. The computation of average gains between distinct technologies in video quality analysis furnishes a robust and comprehensive evaluation framework, empowering stakeholders to make informed decisions within this domain.

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Salih, Omar M., and Ashwaq Q. Hameed. "An Efficient Design for the DVB-S2 Forward Link System Outer Layer Encoding Based on PCC Turbo Coding Across Fading Channel." Journal of Engineering 30, no. 04 (2024): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.04.02.

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The most significant challenges wireless broadcasting systems face are channel effects and Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Many different kinds of channel coding are employed to get around these issues. Digital Video Broadcasting for Satellite Telecommunication Second Generation (DVB-S2) uses a serial concatenation of Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) code and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code as a Forward Error Correction (FEC) for error detection purpose and correction. In this work, a MATLAB code (m-files) is constructed to simulate the standard DVB-S2 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) system according to the ETSI Technical Report (EN 302 307 1). Then, the traditional design is redesigned with a Parallel Concatenation Convolutional (PCC) Turbo coding in concatenation with LDPC coding to enhance the (FEC). The two approaches have been tested under the official modulation types QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, and 32APSK with 2/3, 3/4, 3/5, 4/5, and 5/6 code rates (RC). Over a Rayleigh Fading channel, the two models are compared. The proposed model performed better than the standard model regarding bit error rate (BER) mitigation when operating at varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels, especially in 8PSK 3/5 MODCODE. The proposed model achieved (2.6272×10-3) BER mitigation value with power gain equal to 4 dB.

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UCHIKAWA, Hironori. "Low-Density Parity-Check Codes." IEICE ESS Fundamentals Review 14, no. 3 (2021): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/essfr.14.3_217.

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Башкиров, А. В., М. В. Хорошайлова, and А. С. Демихова. "DEVELOPMENT OF A BLIND RECOGNITION ARCHITECTURE FOR LINEAR BLOCK CODING USING A CASCADE NETWORK." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА 19, no. 6(-) (2023): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2023.19.6.020.

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большая часть алгоритма кодирования для слепого распознавания кодов с низкой плотностью проверки четности (LDPC) сложна в применении, и проблема высокой временной сложности и высокой пространственной сложности не может быть решена. Предложенная здесь архитектура объединяет сеть на основе трансформатора со сверточной нейронной сетью (CNN). CNN используется для подавления шума в режиме реального времени, за которым следует нейронная сеть на основе трансформатора, предназначенная для определения скорости и длины LDPC кодов. Предполагается использование данной архитектуры в схеме кодирования для каналов связи между беспилотными летательными аппаратами (БПЛА) и пользователями. Чтобы обучать сети с шумоподавлением и сети распознавания с высокой производительностью, создаем наборы данных и определяем функции потерь для сетей с шумоподавлением. Результаты моделирования показывают, что эта архитектура способна обеспечить лучшую производительность, чем стандартный метод, при более низком соотношении сигнал/шум (SNR). По сравнению с существующими методами этот подход является более гибким и, следовательно, может быть быстро применен в канале связи между БПЛА и пользователем this article proposes an architecture for blind recognition of LDPC codes. Most of the coding algorithm for blind recognition of low-density parity checking (LDPC) codes is difficult to apply, and the problem of high temporal complexity and high spatial complexity cannot be solved. The architecture proposed here combines a transformer-based network with a convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN is used for real-time noise suppression, followed by a transformer-based neural network designed to determine the speed and length of LDPC codes. It is assumed that this architecture will be used in the coding scheme for communication channels between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and users. To train noise-canceling networks and high-performance recognition networks, we create datasets and define loss functions for noise-canceling networks. The simulation results show that this architecture is capable of providing better performance than the standard method, with a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Compared to existing methods, this approach is more flexible and, therefore, can be quickly applied in the communication channel between the UAV and the user

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Kasai, Kenta. "5. Low-Density Parity-Check Codes." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 70, no. 7 (2016): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.70.582.

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Haley, David, and Alex Grant. "Reversible Low-Density Parity-Check Codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 55, no. 5 (2009): 2016–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2009.2016025.

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Moura, J. M. F., Jin Lu, and Haotian Zhang. "Structured low-density parity-check codes." IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 21, no. 1 (2004): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.1267048.

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LI, YUAN, MANTAO XU, YINKUO MENG, and YING GUO. "GRAPHICAL QUANTUM LOW-DENSITY PARITY-CHECK CODES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 20 (2012): 1250118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212501184.

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Graphical approach provides a direct way to construct error correction codes. Motivated by its good properties, associating low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, in this paper we present families of graphical quantum LDPC codes which contain no girth of four. Because of the fast algorithm of constructing for graphical codes, the proposed quantum codes have lower encoding complexity.

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M.Sakthivel, Raja M.Karthick, KR.Ragupathy, and Kumar K.Sathis. "PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF EG-LDPC CODES WITH MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ALGORITHM OVER NON-BINARY LDPC CODES." International Journal of Computational Science and Information Technology (IJCSITY) 2, May (2014): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3517939.

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<strong>ABSTRACT </strong> Error correcting coding has become one essential part in nearly all the modern data transmission and storage systems. Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are a class of linear block code has the superior performance closer to the Shannon’s limit. In this paper two error correcting codes from the family of LDPC codes specifically Euclidean Geometry Low Density Parity Check (EG-LDPC) codes and Nonbinary low density parity check (NB-LDPC) codes are compared in terms of power consumption, number of iterations and other parameters. For better performance of EG-LDPC codes, Maximum Likelihood (ML) Algorithm was proposed. NB-LDPC codes can provide better error correcting performance with an average of 10 to 30 iterations but has high decoding complexity which can be improve by EG-LDPC codes with ML algorithm having only three iterations for detecting and correcting errors. One step majority logic decodable (MLD) codes is a subclass of EG-LDPC codes are used to avoid high decoding complexity. The power Consumed by NB-LDPC codes is 2.729W whereas the power consumed by EG-LDPC codes with ML algorithm is 1.148W. <strong>KEYWORDS </strong> Euclidean Geometry - Low Density Parity Check code, Maximum Likelihood Algorithm, Non Binary - Low Density Parity Check Code.

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Amine Tehami, Mohammed, and Ali Djebbari. "Low Density Parity Check Codes Constructed from Hankel Matrices." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 3 (September 28, 2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2018.121717.

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In this paper, a new technique for constructing low density parity check codes based on the Hankel matrix and circulant permutation matrices is proposed. The new codes are exempt of any cycle of length 4. To ensure that parity check bits can be recursively calculated with linear computational complexity, a dual-diagonal structure is applied to the parity check matrices of those codes. The proposed codes provide a very low encoding complexity and reduce the stored memory of the matrix H in which this matrix can be easily implemented comparing to others codes used in channel coding. The new LDPC codes are compared, by simulation, with uncoded bi-phase shift keying (BPSK). The result shows that the proposed codes perform very well over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels.

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42

Li Ping, W. K. Leung, and Nam Phamdo. "Low density parity check codes with semi-random parity check matrix." Electronics Letters 35, no. 1 (1999): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990065.

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Echard, R., and Shih-Chun Chang. "Deterministic -rotation low-density parity check codes." Electronics Letters 38, no. 10 (2002): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20020305.

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Tee, R. Y. S., F. C. Kuo, and L. Hanzo. "Multilevel generalised low-density parity-check codes." Electronics Letters 42, no. 3 (2006): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20063247.

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Bonello, Nicholas, Sheng Chen, and Lajos Hanzo. "Design of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 6, no. 4 (2011): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2011.942806.

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Liva, G., E. Paolini, and M. Chiani. "Simple reconfigurable low-density parity-check codes." IEEE Communications Letters 9, no. 3 (2005): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2005.03009.

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Liva, G., E. Paolini, and M. Chiani. "Simple reconfigurable low-density parity-check codes." IEEE Communications Letters 9, no. 3 (2005): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2005.1411025.

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Sobhani, Reza. "Generalised array low-density parity-check codes." IET Communications 8, no. 12 (2014): 2121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2013.1179.

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Shtompel, Mykola, and Sergii Prykhodko. "ITERACYJNE DEKODOWANIE KRÓTKICH KODÓW PARZYSTOŚCI O NISKIEJ GĘSTOŚCI W OPARCIU O EWOLUCJĘ RÓŻNICOWĄ." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 14, no. 2 (2024): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.5762.

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To ensure a given quality of service in the networks of the Internet of Things, short error-correcting codes are used, in particular, low-density parity-check codes. The paper proposes an approach for decoding these codes based on the joint application of belief propagation and differential evolution procedures. It is shown that in order to reduce the search area of error vectors based on differential evolution, it is necessary to use the least reliable basis of the parity-check matrix. Flowchart and pseudocode of the combined decoding algorithm of short low-density parity-check codes were presented. The simulation results showed that the proposed decoding method provides an additional gain from encoding compared to the classical decoding method. The application of the presented iterative decoding method of short low-density parity-check codes will improve the efficiency of data transmission in the infrastructure of the Internet of Things.

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DASS, BAL KISHAN, and POONAM GARG. "BOUNDS FOR CODES CORRECTING/DETECTING REPEATED LOW-DENSITY BURST ERRORS." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 04, no. 04 (2012): 1250048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830912500486.

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This paper presents lower bound on the number of parity-check digits required for linear codes that correct m-repeated low-density burst errors of length b (fixed) with weight w or less (w ≤ b). An upper bound on the number of parity-check digits required for linear codes that are capable of detecting such m-repeated low-density bursts has also been derived.

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