Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low duty cycle

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Low duty cycle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Low duty cycle"

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Ho, Ying-Yi, Yin-Ping Fang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hsi-Chi Cheng, and Hsueh-Wen Chang. "High Duty Cycle to Low Duty Cycle: Echolocation Behaviour of the Hipposiderid Bat Coelops frithii." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (2013): e62938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062938.

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Burke, Caitlin W., Alexander L. Klibanov, Jason P. Sheehan, and Richard J. Price. "Inhibition of glioma growth by microbubble activation in a subcutaneous model using low duty cycle ultrasound without significant heating." Journal of Neurosurgery 114, no. 6 (2011): 1654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.11.jns101201.

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Object In this study, the authors sought determine whether microbubble (MB) destruction with pulsed low duty cycle ultrasound can be used to reduce brain tumor perfusion and growth through nonthermal microvascular ablation. Methods Studies using C57BLJ6/Rag-1 mice inoculated subcutaneously with C6 glioma cells were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Microbubbles were injected intravenously, and 1 MHz ultrasound was applied with varying duty cycles to the tumor every 5 seconds for 60 minutes. During treatment, tumor heating was quantified. Following treatment, tumor growth, hemodynamics, necrosis, and apoptosis were measured. Results Tumor blood flow was significantly reduced immediately after treatment, with posttreatment flow ranging from 36% (0.00002 duty cycle) to 4% (0.01 duty cycle) of pretreatment flow. Seven days after treatment, tumor necrosis and apoptosis were significantly increased in all treatment groups, while treatment with ultrasound duty cycles of 0.005 and 0.01 inhibited tumor growth by 63% and 75%, respectively, compared with untreated tumors. While a modest duty cycle–dependent increase in intratumor temperature was observed, it is unlikely that thermal tissue ablation occurred. Conclusions In a subcutaneous C6 glioma model, MB destruction with low–duty cycle 1-MHz ultrasound can be used to markedly inhibit growth, without substantial tumor tissue heating. These results may have a bearing on the development of transcranial high-intensity focused ultrasound treatments for brain tumors that are not amenable to thermal ablation.
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Karybakas, C. A., and G. A. Sarafis. "A low-frequency duty-cycle dependent sinusoidal oscillator." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 41, no. 5 (1992): 720–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.177351.

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Duckworth, Kelsey, Michael Spencer, Christopher Bates, et al. "Advanced oxidation degradation kinetics as a function of ultraviolet LED duty cycle." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 9 (2015): 1375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.108.

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Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be a viable option as a UV light source for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing photocatalysts or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. The effect of UV-LED duty cycle, expressed as the percentage of time the LED is powered, was investigated in an AOP with hydrogen peroxide, using methylene blue (MB) to assess contaminant degradation. The UV-LED AOP degraded the MB at all duty cycles. However, adsorption of MB onto the LED emitting surface caused a linear decline in reactor performance over time. With regard to the effect of duty cycle, the observed rate constant of MB degradation, after being adjusted to account for the duty cycle, was greater for 5 and 10% duty cycles than higher duty cycles, providing a value approximately 160% higher at 5% duty cycle than continuous operation. This increase in adjusted rate constant at low duty cycles, as well as contaminant fouling of the LED surface, may impact design and operational considerations for pulsed UV-LED AOP systems.
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Shrestha, Neeraj, Jong Hoon Youn, and Nitin Sharma. "A Code-Based Sleep and Wakeup Scheduling Protocol for Low Duty Cycle Sensor Networks." Journal of Advances in Computer Networks 2, no. 3 (2014): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jacn.2014.v2.109.

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Hao, Jiang Nan, Chao Gao, and Yin Zhe Li. "Flow Control over a Circular-Cone-Cylinder by Unsteady Plasma Actuations." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.933.

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An experimental study of plasma duty-cycled actuation over slender forebodies is performed on a 20° circular-cone-cylinder model using a pair of Single Dielectric Barrier Discharge (SDBD) plasma actuators near the cone apex combined with a duty-cycle technique. The tests are carried out in a low-turbulence 3.0 m ×1.6 m low-speed wind tunnel at an angle of attack of 45°. The Reynolds number based on the cone base diameter is 50, 000. The frequency of the duty cycle is 10 Hz. The mechanisms of the unsteady excitations over various duty cycles of frequency 10 Hz are studied using ten Kulite pressure transducers mounted around a cross section of the cone forebody at angle of attack of 45°.The circumferential pressure distributions over a station on the cone forebody is measured by unsteady pressure tappings, Phase-locked averaged pressures are studied and compared with ensemble-averaged pressures.
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Hussain, S. N., C. Roussos, and S. Magder. "Effects of tension, duty cycle, and arterial pressure on diaphragmatic blood flow in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 2 (1989): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.2.968.

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We investigated the selective effects of changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and duty cycle on diaphragmatic blood flow in supine dogs at normal arterial pressure (N), moderate hypotension (MH), and severe hypotension (SH) [mean arterial pressure (Part) of 116, 75, and 50 mmHg, respectively]. The diaphragm was paced at a rate of 12/min by bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation. Left phrenic (Qphr-T) and left internal mammary (Qim-T) arterial flows were measured by electromagnetic flow probes. Changes in Pdi and duty cycle were achieved by changing the stimulation frequencies and the duration of contraction, whereas Part changes were produced by bleeding. With N and at a duty cycle of 0.5, incremental increases in Pdi produced peaks in Qphr-T and Qim-T at 30% maximum diaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax) with a gradual decline at higher Pdi. With MH and SH, blood flow peaked at 10% Pdimax. At any given Pdi, blood flow was lower with MH and SH in comparison to N. The effect of duty cycle was tested at two levels of Pdi. With N and at low Pdi (25% Pdimax), blood flow rose progressively with increases in duty cycle, whereas at moderate Pdi level (50% Pdimax) blood flow peaked at a duty cycle of 0.3, with no increase thereafter. With MH, blood flow at low Pdi rose linearly with increasing duty cycle but to a lesser extent than with N, and at a moderate Pdi flow peaked at a duty cycle of 0.3. With SH, blood flow at low and moderate Pdi was limited at duty cycles greater than 0.3 and 0.1, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Wang, Xiaowei, Chuanqi Wang, Tao Gao, Tengteng Li, and Hailiang Lao. "Analysis of the engine test cycles from China VI heavy duty vehicle standard and China automotive test cycle." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801020.

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This paper studied the engine test cycles including world harmonized steady cycle (WHSC), world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC) , china heavy-duty steady cycle (CHSC) and china heavy-duty transient cycle (CHTC) based on a diesel engine which meet the China VI heavy duty vehicle emission standard. The results show that regression analysis of speed, torque and power all meet the requirements of the China VI heavy duty vehicle standard. For this engine, NOx, PM and THC pollutants under CHSC are 134.5%, 29.6% and 94.4% higher than those under WHSC, respectively. PN emissions of CHSC is 65.6% lower than that of WHSC. NOx, PM and PN pollutants under CHTC are 62.9%, 96.4% and 64.3% higher than those under WHTC, respectively. The exhaust temperature of the first 350 seconds at CHTC is lower, which poses a greater challenge to the conversion efficiency of the after-treatment system at low speed and low load.
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Bang, Young-Bong, and Kyung-Min Lee. "Large thrust linear motors for low-duty-cycle operation." Mechatronics 14, no. 8 (2004): 891–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2004.05.001.

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Tajalli, A., M. Atarodi, and H. Bazargan. "Duty-cycle controller for low-jitter frequency-doubling DLL." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 152, no. 5 (2005): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20045151.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low duty cycle"

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Paidimarri, Arun. "Circuits and protocols for low duty cycle wireless systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103674.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 191-200).<br>IoT devices are helping improve efficiency and expanding capabilities in an increasing number of applications including industrial, home and personal fitness. Device lifetimes are still a concern, and improved energy efficiency is needed. Additionally, aggressive duty cycling is needed to operate these IoT devices in severely energy-constrained applications. Wireless communication, which consumes a large fraction of the power in these devices, is the primary focus of this thesis. We present circuit (active RF, leakage management and timing) and protocol (medium access and coding) techniques for total power minimization in low duty cycle systems. First, we present a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmitter optimized for low duty cycles. It maintains a high efficiency >40% while delivering +10dBm. At the same time, aggressive power gating brings the leakage down to <400pW, giving an on/off power ratio of 7.6 x 10⁷. Second, we look at protocols for low duty cycle wireless communication. The tradeoffs between network capacity and sensor node power consumption are considered and a fully asynchronous protocol is proposed. Additionally, we look at two coding techniques, Digital Network Coding (DNC) and Spinal coding, to enhance the intrinsic range of communication. Finally, for systems requiring accurate clocks, the standard is to use crystal oscillators. However, in order to reduce cost and board area, we propose a fully-integrated RC oscillator architecture that achieves high stability while maintaining low power. Overall, the techniques explored in this thesis aim to expand operation of IoT devices to ever more energy constrained situations and with increased lifetimes.<br>by Arun Paidimarri.<br>Ph. D.
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Troesch, Florian. "Novel low duty cycle schemes from ultra wide band to ultra low power." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000804887/04.

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May, Ian Alexander. "An experimental investigation of lean-burn dual-fuel combustion in a heavy duty diesel engine." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16398.

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Natural gas is currently an attractive substitute for diesel fuel in the Heavy-Duty (HD) diesel transportation sector. This is primarily attributed to its cost effectiveness, but also its ability to reduce the amount of CO2 and harmful engine pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. Lean-burn dual-fuel engines substitute natural gas in place of diesel but typically suffer from high engine-out methane (CH4) emissions, particularly under low load operation. In response to this issue, this work set out to improve upon the efficiency and emissions of a lean-burn dual-fuel combustion system in an HD diesel/natural gas engine. Thermodynamic experimental engine testing was performed at various steady-state operating points in order to identify the most effective methods and technologies for improving emissions and efficiency. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) along with several valvetrain and injection strategies were evaluated for benefits, with special attention paid to low load operating conditions. LTC was proven to be a useful method for decreasing methane emissions while simultaneously improving engine efficiency. The benefits of LTC were a function of load with the greatest advantages experienced under medium load operation. Additionally, the low load strategies tested were determined to be effective techniques for reducing methane emissions and could possibly extend the dual-fuel operating regime to lighter load conditions. Overall, no operating condition tested throughout the engine map resulted in a brake engine-out methane emissions level of less than 0.5 g/kWh at gas substitutions greater than approximately 75%. It is suggested that the limits of this particular lean-burn dual-fuel design were reached, and that it would likely require improvements to either the combustion system or exhaust after-treatment if Euro VI emissions levels for methane were to be achieved.
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Ammar, Ibrahim A. M. "Design and analysis of energy-efficient media access control protocols in wireless sensor networks. Design and analysis of MAC layer protocols using low duty cycle technique to improve energy efficient and enhance communication performance in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7268.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has gained significant importance due to its potential support for a wide range of applications. Most of the WSN applications consist of a large numbers of distributed nodes that work together to achieve common objects. Running a large number of nodes requires an efficient mechanism to bring them all together in order to form a multi-hop wireless network that can accomplish some specific tasks. Even with recent developments made in WSN technology, numbers of important challenges still stand as vulnerabilities for WSNs, including energy waste sources, synchronisation leaks, low network capacity and self-configuration difficulties. However, energy efficiency remains the priority challenging problem due to the scarce energy resources available in sensor nodes. These concerns are managed by medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. MAC protocols designed specifically for WSN have an additional responsibility of managing radio activity to conserve energy in addition to the traditional functions. This thesis presents advanced research work carried out in the context of saving energy whilst achieving the desired network performance. Firstly the thesis contributes by proposing Overlapped Schedules for MAC layer, in which the schedules of the neighbour clusters are overlapped by introducing a small shift time between them, aiming to compensate the synchronisation errors. Secondly, this thesis proposed a modified architecture derived from S-MAC protocol which significantly supports higher traffic levels whilst achieving better energy efficiency. This is achieved by applying a parallel transmission concept on the communicating nodes. As a result, the overall efficiency of the channel contention mechanism increases and leads to higher throughput with lower energy consumption. Finally, this thesis proposed the use of the Adaptive scheme on Border Nodes to increase the power efficiency of the system under light traffic load conditions. The scheme focuses on saving energy by forcing the network border nodes to go off when not needed. These three contributions minimise the contention window period whilst maximising the capacity of the available channel, which as a result increase network performance in terms of energy efficiency, throughput and latency. The proposed system is shown to be backwards compatible and able to satisfy both traditional and advanced applications. The new MAC protocol has been implemented and evaluated using NS-2 simulator, under different traffic loads and varying duty cycle values. Results have shown that the proposed solutions are able to significantly enhance the performance of WSNs by improving the energy efficiency, increasing the system throughput and reducing the communication delay.
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Ammar, Ibrahim Ammer Musbah. "Design and analysis of energy-efficient media access control protocols in wireless sensor networks : design and analysis of MAC layer protocols using low duty cycle technique to improve energy efficient and enhance communication performance in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7268.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has gained significant importance due to its potential support for a wide range of applications. Most of the WSN applications consist of a large numbers of distributed nodes that work together to achieve common objects. Running a large number of nodes requires an efficient mechanism to bring them all together in order to form a multi-hop wireless network that can accomplish some specific tasks. Even with recent developments made in WSN technology, numbers of important challenges still stand as vulnerabilities for WSNs, including energy waste sources, synchronisation leaks, low network capacity and self-configuration difficulties. However, energy efficiency remains the priority challenging problem due to the scarce energy resources available in sensor nodes. These concerns are managed by medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. MAC protocols designed specifically for WSN have an additional responsibility of managing radio activity to conserve energy in addition to the traditional functions. This thesis presents advanced research work carried out in the context of saving energy whilst achieving the desired network performance. Firstly the thesis contributes by proposing Overlapped Schedules for MAC layer, in which the schedules of the neighbour clusters are overlapped by introducing a small shift time between them, aiming to compensate the synchronisation errors. Secondly, this thesis proposed a modified architecture derived from S-MAC protocol which significantly supports higher traffic levels whilst achieving better energy efficiency. This is achieved by applying a parallel transmission concept on the communicating nodes. As a result, the overall efficiency of the channel contention mechanism increases and leads to higher throughput with lower energy consumption. Finally, this thesis proposed the use of the Adaptive scheme on Border Nodes to increase the power efficiency of the system under light traffic load conditions. The scheme focuses on saving energy by forcing the network border nodes to go off when not needed. These three contributions minimise the contention window period whilst maximising the capacity of the available channel, which as a result increase network performance in terms of energy efficiency, throughput and latency. The proposed system is shown to be backwards compatible and able to satisfy both traditional and advanced applications. The new MAC protocol has been implemented and evaluated using NS-2 simulator, under different traffic loads and varying duty cycle values. Results have shown that the proposed solutions are able to significantly enhance the performance of WSNs by improving the energy efficiency, increasing the system throughput and reducing the communication delay.
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Wang, Qihe. "Scheduling and Simulation of Large Scale Wireless Personal Area Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148050113.

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Aby, Affoua Thérèse. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil étendus dédiés aux collectes de données environnementales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22671/document.

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Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil sont utilisés dans de nombreuses applications de surveillance de l’environnement (par exemple, pour surveiller les volcans ou pour détecter les incendies de forêts). Dans de telles applications, les nœuds capteurs disposent d’une quantité limitée d’énergie, mais doivent fonctionner pendant des années sans avoir leurs batteries changées. La principale méthode utilisée pour permettre aux nœuds d’économiser leur énergie est de séquencer les périodes d’activité et d’inactivité. Cependant, la conception de protocoles MAC et de routage pour les applications avec des taux d’activité faibles est un défi. Dans cette thèse nous proposons des protocoles MAC avec de très faibles taux d’activité (moins de 1% d’activité) et des protocoles de routages adaptés pour des réseaux de capteurs sans fil dédiés aux applications de surveillance environnementale. Nos protocoles sont analysés et comparés aux protocoles existants par simulation et par expérimentation sur des nœuds TelosB. Malgré un taux d’activité très faible pour tous les nœuds, nos protocoles sont capables d’obtenir de bonnes performances, contrairement aux autres protocoles de la littérature, qui ne sont pas adaptés à opérer avec de faibles taux d’activité<br>Wireless sensor networks are used in many environmental monitoring applications (e.g., to monitor forest fires or volcanoes). In such applications, sensor nodes have a limited quantity of energy, but must operate for years without having their batteries changed. The main mechanism used to allow nodes to save energy is to sequence periods of activity and inactivity. However, the design of MAC and routing protocols for applications with low duty-cycle is still a challenge. In this thesis, we proposed unsynchronized MAC and routing protocols for wireless sensor networks devoted to environmental monitoring applications. The main specificity of our protocols is that they are adapted to very low duty-cycle (less than 1 % for all nodes). Our protocols are analyzed and compared to existing protocols by simulation and experimentation on TelosB nodes. Despite this low duty-cycle for all nodes, our protocols are able to achieve good performance, unlike other protocols in the literature, which are not adapted to these extreme conditions
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Varga, Liviu Octavian. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fils multi-sauts à récupération d’énergie : routage et couche liaison de bas rapport cyclique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM064/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer un réseau IPv6 constitué de capteurs sans fils autonomes grâce à la récupération d’énergie, fonctionnant à faible rapport cyclique. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un projet industriel, GreenNet, lancé par STMicroelectronics afin de se positionner sur le marché de l’Internet des Objets. La nouvelle plate-forme utilisée dans ce projet se différencie de ses concurrents par sa petite taille, ce qui implique une faible capacité de batterie. Une cellule photovoltaı̈que permet en revanche de recharger la batterie, y compris dans des conditions de luminosité faible. Pour atteindre l’autonomie, nous avons besoin que les nœuds dorment pour de très longues périodes. Par conséquent, les solutions existantes, bien que peu consommantes, ne sont pas complètement adaptées à nos besoins spécifiques.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’analyser les difficultés possiblement rencontrées pendant le développement d’une plate-forme à récupération d’énergie et de bas rapport cyclique. La contribution la plus importante de ce travail est de mettre en œuvre et d’évaluer le rendement de nos solutions sur des plates-formes matérielles dans des conditions très proches de la vie réelle.Une première étape du travail réalisée est la conception et l’implémentation de la norme IEEE 802.15.4 utilisant les balises pour maintenir la synchronisation. Nous choisissons le mode synchronisé car il permet aux nœuds d’atteindre des rapports cycliques aussi bas que 0,01%. La seconde étape est d’apporter le multi saut : nous proposons une optimisation du protocole de routage, ainsi qu’un contrôle d’accès par multiplexagetemporel pour les routeurs et les dispositifs afin d’éliminer les interférences.Nous allons même plus loin dans l’optimisation du temps où les nœuds sont allumés: nous proposons d’éteindre les coordinateurs avant la fin de leur période d’activité définie par le standard, lorsqu’il n’y a pas de communications. Les nœuds qui ne nécessitent pas d’envoyer des données peuvent sauter des balises et se réveiller seulement lorsqu’il est nécessaire de synchroniser les horloges, ou d’envoyer des données. Dans le même temps, nous résolvons le problème de multicast pour les nœuds qui dorment durant de longues périodes, en convertissant ces paquets en paquets unicast. Nous améliorons également le rapport cyclique de routeurs qui n’ont pas de nœuds associés en les forçant envoyer la balise moins souvent, tant qu’ils n’ont pas des nœuds associés.Pour améliorer la performance du réseau, nous proposons aussi une solution rétro compatible qui utilise plusieurs canaux. Un tel système est utile quand un lien entre deux nœuds subit de très mauvaise performance sur un certain canal fréquentiel, mais obtient de meilleurs résultats sur une fréquence différente.Toutes les solutions présentées ci-dessus, et discutées dans la dissertation ont été mises en œuvre et testées sur la plate-forme GreenNet. Nous avons également réalisé des mesures sur des nœuds pour vérifier leurs efficacité<br>The goal of the thesis is to enable IPv6 harvested and autonomous wireless sensor networks with very low duty-cycle. It is part of an industrial project, GreenNet, hosted by STMicroelectronics with the goal of being a pioneer in the Internet of Things. The new platform differentiates from its existing competitors by a small size, which implies small battery capacity. However, a photovoltaic cell is capable of recharging the battery even under low light conditions. On top of this, we aim at nodes that sleep for very long periods. Hence, the existing solutions were not completely suited for ourneeds.The thesis proposes to analyze the possible challenges that one can meet while developing a harvested low-duty cycle platform. The most important contribution of this work is that we implement and evaluate the performance of our solutions on real hardware platforms in conditions very close to real-life.In this dissertation, we first of all develop and implement a basic solution based on the IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled standard. We choose the synchronized mode because it allows nodes to reach duty-cycles as low as 0.01%. A more difficult step was to bring multi-hop: we design new a routing scheme inside our network, and a time based access for routers and devices to eliminate interferences as much as possible. The routing scheme is meant to be simple and efficient.We go even further to optimize the total time the nodes are on: we proposed to shut down coordinators before their standardized end of slot when there is no communication. Devices that do not need to send data can skip beacons and only need to wake up to synchronize their clock or to send data. In the same time we solve the problem of multicast for long sleeping nodes by converting these packets into unicast traffic. We also improved the duty-cycle of routers that do no have associated devices by forcing them to beacon slower, as long as they do not have any associated devices.To improve the network performance we also propose a backward compatible multichannel solution. Such a scheme is useful when a link between two nodes achieve very bad performance on a certain channel but better results on a different frequency.All the solutions presented above and discussed in the dissertation were implemented and tested on the GreenNet platform. We also realized measurements of the nodes efficiency while in harvested conditions and showed that it is possible to handle harvested routers, when there is enough available light
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Chen, Yun-Wei, and 陳畇瑋. "A Voltage Multiplier Model for Low Frequency Low Duty Cycle and Subthreshold Operations." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62420247320197521118.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>電子工程研究所<br>101<br>Voltage multipliers, which boost a low AC voltage to a higher DC voltage, have many applications today. The input signals, if generated on chip, can have a relatively high frequency, large signal swing and a fixed duty cycle. On the other hand, if the input signal is taken from external RF sources or mechanically generated electrical signals, then the input can have a very low signal swing, low frequency or low duty cycle. This thesis studies how to apply the conventional voltage multiplier to these low voltage, low frequency and low duty cycle conditions. The conventional voltage multiplier (Dickson charge pump) has been studied extensively. A simple analytical model relates the output voltage to the input voltage has been derived. As long as the input signal has a swing larger than the transistor’s threshold voltage, the output voltage can be predicted using a simple equation. But when the input swing is much lower than the threshold voltage, then the equation breaks down. We find that we can extend the equation to lower input swings, if threshold voltage is replaced by an effective threshold voltage. To address the low frequency and duty cycle issues, pulse clustering effects are studied. It is also found that adding a ring oscillator to increase signal frequency is a very effective approach. If possible, optimizing transistor threshold voltage can increase output voltage, increase transfer efficiency or reduce chip area without additional cost. In this thesis, a real electromotive force signal is used as input signal. The amplitude of this signal is -0.26 (V) to 0.26 (V). The oscillation frequency is 5 (Hz) and the duty cycle is 12.5%. The objective output voltage is 3.6 (V) and output current is 1 (mA). All simulations are based on TSMC 0.35um CMOS models.
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Hau-YuChiang and 姜浩宇. "Sink Location for Reducing CommunicationDelay in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless SensorNetworks." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33783839364558868081.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>電腦與通信工程研究所<br>100<br>In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy consumption is a critical issue. Long-term application becomes more di cult under the condition that each sensor is equipped with limited power supply unit. Low-duty cycle wireless sensor network can reduce the energy consumption and many relative researches have been made in recent years. In this environment, the latency of sending packets from sink to each node is much longer than traditional WSNs because of nodes stay asleep most of time and wake up to receive packets in routine. Therefore, it is signi cant to nd a suitable place to put sink, which is a critical issue in the low-duty cycle WSNs. In this work, the Centralized Cluster-based Location Finding (CCLF) algorithm is proposed to reduce the high latency in the low-duty cycle WSNs environment by nding an optimal position of sink. The proposed algorithm consisted mainly of three steps. First, cluster organization and establishment for the environment is performed. Next, optimal paths between gateway nodes and its members are constructed with the help of fast look-up table (FLU-Table) for each cluster in order to achieve minimum latency. Finally, the near-optimal location of sink in the cluster is identi ed and setup. The simulation results show the performance of proposed algorithm approaching the optimal solution. Moreover, the proposed algorithm requires less operations and complexity compared with optimal solution for searching the optimal sink place.
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Books on the topic "Low duty cycle"

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Farber, Daniel A. Climate Change and Disaster Law. Edited by Kevin R. Gray, Richard Tarasofsky, and Cinnamon Carlarne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199684601.003.0026.

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This chapter looks into a specific dimension of adaptation to climate change—disaster risks. It reviews the prospects for increases in disaster risk due to climate change and considers arguments that governments have a duty under international law to respond to these increased risks. Climate change greatly accentuates disasters, putting even more stress on disaster response systems. The list of potential disasters is long, and includes heat waves, droughts, crop failures, wildfires, and outbreaks of illness. Besides the direct threats to human life and property, impacts on food supplies could be severe due to pests, water scarcity, diseases, and weather extremes. The chapter also addresses all phases of the disaster cycle: mitigation, emergency response, compensation, and rebuilding, with rebuilding completing the circle by including (or failing to include) mitigation measures to deal with the risk of another disaster event, and discusses how climate change intensifies problems at each stage.
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Book chapters on the topic "Low duty cycle"

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Debasis, Kumar, and M. P. Singh. "An Enhanced Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2475-2_40.

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Choe, Junseong, Nguyen Phan Khanh Ha, Junguye Hong, and Hyunseung Choo. "Fast and Reliable Data Forwarding in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2012. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31137-6_25.

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Li, Zhenjiang, and Mo Li. "Approaching Efficient Flooding Protocol Design in Low-Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks." In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23490-3_27.

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On, JeongSeok, JaeHyun Kim, Jaiyong Lee, Yeonsoo Kim, and Hakjin Chong. "A MAC Protocol with Adaptive Preloads Considering Low Duty-Cycle in WSNs." In Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77024-4_26.

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Aby, Affoua Thérèse, Alexandre Guitton, Pascal Lafourcade, and Michel Misson. "SLACK-MAC: Adaptive MAC Protocol for Low Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks." In Ad Hoc Networks. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25067-0_6.

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Chen, Quan, and Hong Gao. "Towards Reliable and Real-Time Routing with Active Slot Augmentation in Low-Duty-Cycle WSNs." In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07782-6_60.

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Dutta, Dushyanta, Arindam Karmakar, and Dilip Kr Saikia. "Determining Duty Cycle and Beacon Interval with Energy Efficiency and QoS for Low Traffic IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks." In Advanced Computing, Networking and Informatics- Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07350-7_9.

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Muhammad, Ehsan, and Congduc Pham. "Adaptive Duty-Cycled MAC for Low-Latency Mission-Critical Surveillance Applications." In Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07425-2_13.

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Sun, Guodong, and Bin Xu. "Dynamic Routing Algorithm for Priority Guarantee in Low Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks." In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14654-1_19.

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Nguyen, Dung T., Vyacheslav V. Zalyubovskiy, Thang Le-Duc, Duc-Tai Le, and Hyunseung Choo. "A Delay-Driven Switching-Based Broadcasting Scheme in Low-Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42108-7_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low duty cycle"

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Dobson, Matthew, Spyros Voulgaris, and Maarten van Steen. "Merging ultra-low duty cycle networks." In Networks (DSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2011.5958266.

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Hong-Yi Huang, Chia-Ming Liang, and Shi-Jia Sun. "Low-power 50% duty cycle corrector." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2008.4541929.

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Meng, Xin, and Gabor C. Temes. "Low-power duty-cycle tuned filters." In 2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908594.

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Merryman, Stephen A., and W. Todd Owens. "Low duty-cycle pulsed power actuation applications." In Proceedings of Conference on NASA Centers for Commercial Development of Space. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47260.

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Liendo, Andreina, Dominique Morche, Roberto Guizzetti, and Franck Rousseau. "Efficient Bluetooth Low Energy Operation for Low Duty Cycle Applications." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2018.8423011.

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Vakulya, Gergely, and Gyula Simon. "Low-power communication protocol for low duty cycle data acquisition applications." In 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Measurements & Networking (M&N). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwmn.2013.6663777.

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Guo, Shuo, Song Min Kim, Ting Zhu, Yu Gu, and Tian He. "Correlated flooding in low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks." In 2011 19th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnp.2011.6089078.

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Magnani, Alessandro, Christophe Viallon, Ioan Burciu, Thomas Epert, Mattia Borgarino, and Thierry Parra. "A K-band BiCMOS low duty-cycle resistive mixer." In 2014 IEEE 14th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in Rf Systems (SiRF). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sirf.2014.6828506.

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Gu, Yu, Tian He, Mingen Lin, and Jinhui Xu. "Spatiotemporal Delay Control for Low-Duty-Cycle Sensor Networks." In 2009 IEEE 30th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtss.2009.12.

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Merlin, Christophe J., and Wendi B. Heinzelman. "Duty cycle control for low-power-listening MAC protocols." In 2008 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahss.2008.4660008.

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