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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-energy electron beams'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 November 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jung, Jiwon, Moo-Young Lee, Jae-Gu Hwang, et al. "Low-energy electron beam generation in inductively coupled plasma via a DC biased grid." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (2022): 025002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac43c2.

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Abstract Low-energy electron beam generation using a DC biased grid was investigated in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The electron beam was measured in argon gas at various pressures, ICP source powers, and substrate voltages (V sub). At a low ICP source power (50 W), an electron beam was generated even at small values of V sub (10 V), however at a high ICP source power (200 W), an electron beam was only generated when a higher voltage (30 V) was applied due to the short sheath thickness on the grid surface. The sheath on the grid surface is an important factor for generating electron b

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2

Maitrallain, A., E. Brunetti, M. J. V. Streeter, et al. "Parametric study of high-energy ring-shaped electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (2022): 013017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac3efd.

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Abstract Laser wakefield accelerators commonly produce on-axis, low-divergence, high-energy electron beams. However, a high charge, annular shaped beam can be trapped outside the bubble and accelerated to high energies. Here we present a parametric study on the production of low-energy-spread, ultra-relativistic electron ring beams in a two-stage gas cell. Ring-shaped beams with energies higher than 750 MeV are observed simultaneously with on axis, continuously injected electrons. Often multiple ring shaped beams with different energies are produced and parametric studies to control the genera

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3

DEVYATKOV, V. N., N. N. KOVAL, P. M. SCHANIN, V. P. GRIGORYEV, and T. V. KOVAL. "Generation and propagation of high-current low-energy electron beams." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 2 (2003): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460321212x.

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High-current electron beams with a current density of up to 100 A/cm2 generated by a plasma-cathode gas-filled diode at low accelerating voltages are studied. Two types of gas discharges are used to produce plasma in the cathode. With glow and arc discharges, beam currents of up to 150 A and 400 A, respectively, have been obtained at an accelerating voltage of 16 kV and at a pressure of 1–3·10−2 Pa in the acceleration gap. The ions resulting from ionization of gas molecules by electrons of the beam neutralize the beam charge. The charge-neutralized electron beam almost without losses is transp

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4

Lapin, Stephen C. "Modification using low energy electron beams." Filtration + Separation 52, no. 6 (2015): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(15)30263-9.

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5

Aleksandrov, A. V., R. Calabrese, G. Ciullo, et al. "Low energy intense electron beams with extra-low energy spread." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 340, no. 1 (1994): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91287-4.

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6

OZUR, G. E., D. I. PROSKUROVSKY, V. P. ROTSHTEIN, and A. B. MARKOV. "Production and application of low-energy, high-current electron beams." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 2 (2003): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603212040.

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This article reviews experiments on the production of low-energy, high-current electron beams (LEHCEB) and their use for surface modification of materials. It is shown that electron guns with a plasma anode and an explosive emission cathode are most promising for the production of this type of beams. The problems related to the initiation of explosive emission and the production and transportation of LEHCEBs in plasma-filled diodes are considered. It has been shown that if the rise time of the accelerating voltage is comparable to or shorter than the time it takes for an ion to fly through the

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7

Füllekrug, M., R. Roussel-Dupré, E. M. D. Symbalisty, et al. "Relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (2011): 15551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-15551-2011.

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Abstract. Non-luminous relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds are detected by radio remote sensing with low frequency radio signals from 40–400 kHz. The electron beams occur 2–9 ms after positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges at heights between 22–72 km above thunderclouds. The positive lightning discharges also cause sprites which occur either above or before the electron beam. One electron beam was detected without any luminous sprite occurrence which suggests that electron beams may also occur independently. Numerical simulations show that the beamed electrons partially disc

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8

Füllekrug, M., R. Roussel-Dupré, E. M. D. Symbalisty, et al. "Relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 15 (2011): 7747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7747-2011.

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Abstract. Non-luminous relativistic electron beams above thunderclouds have been detected by the radio signals of low frequency ∼40–400 kHz which they radiate. The electron beams occur ∼2–9 ms after positive cloud-to-ground lightning discharges at heights between ∼22–72 km above thunderclouds. Intense positive lightning discharges can also cause sprites which occur either above or prior to the electron beam. One electron beam was detected without any luminous sprite which suggests that electron beams may also occur independently of sprites. Numerical simulations show that beams of electrons pa

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9

Daineche, R., A. Degiovanni, O. Grauby, and R. Morin. "Source of low-energy coherent electron beams." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 2 (2006): 023101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2161942.

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10

Day, Charles. "Low‐Energy Electron Beams Modify Semiconductor Surfaces." Physics Today 52, no. 4 (1999): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.882623.

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11

Sakai, Y., M. Kato, S. Masuda, Y. Harada, and T. Ichinokawa. "Development of a Low Energy Electron Microscope with an Energy Analyzer." Surface Review and Letters 05, no. 06 (1998): 1199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x98001535.

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A low energy electron microscope (LEEM) with an energy analyzer of the Wien filter type was constructed for surface microanalyses and imaging by irradiating the specimen surface with several types of incident beams, e.g. low energy electrons, UV photons or metastable He * atoms. A retarding type Wien filter was used for the formation of electron energy filtered images and energy spectra of selected microareas by employing energy loss electron and Auger electron, photoelectron or Penning ionization spectroscopy. Several new designs and performances have been implemented in this instrument and a

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12

Pettinato, Sara, Marco Girolami, Antonella Stravato, et al. "A Highly Versatile X-ray and Electron Beam Diamond Dosimeter for Radiation Therapy and Protection." Materials 16, no. 2 (2023): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020824.

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Radiotherapy is now recognized as a pillar in the fight against cancer. Two different types are currently used in clinical practice: (1) external beam radiotherapy, using high-energy X-rays or electron beams, both in the MeV-range, and (2) intraoperative radiotherapy, using low-energy X-rays (up to 50 keV) and MeV-range electron beams. Versatile detectors able to measure the radiation dose independently from the radiation nature and energy are therefore extremely appealing to medical physicists. In this work, a dosimeter based on a high-quality single-crystal synthetic diamond sample was desig

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13

Hue, Céline S., Yang Wan, Eitan Y. Levine, and Victor Malka. "Control of electron beam current, charge, and energy spread using density downramp injection in laser wakefield accelerators." Matter and Radiation at Extremes 8, no. 2 (2023): 024401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0126293.

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Density downramp injection has been demonstrated to be an elegant and efficient approach for generating high-quality electron beams in laser wakefield accelerators. Recent studies have demonstrated the possibilities of generating electron beams with charges ranging from tens to hundreds of picocoulombs while maintaining good beam quality. However, the plasma and laser parameters in these studies have been limited to specific ranges or attention has been focused on separate physical processes such as beam loading, which affects the uniformity of the accelerating field and thus the energy spread

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14

Joy, D., Y. Lin, H. Meyers, H. Demers, and D. Newbury. "Secondary Electron Generation by Low Energy Ion Beams." Microscopy and Microanalysis 12, S02 (2006): 1446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927606062751.

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15

Mirzayev, Matlab N. "Study thermodynamic assessment of the B-C and B-Si binary systems with swift heavy ions and high intense electron beam irradiation at the low temperature." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 34 (2020): 2050395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920503959.

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B4C and B6Si samples have been irradiated by using swift heavy ions and high intense electron beam. Ion irradiation of the samples was carried at the different electron fluences [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] ion/cm2, and energy of ions flux 167 MeV. Also, the samples were irradiated with high energy electron beams at the linear electronic accelerator at different electron fluencies up to [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] and energy of electron beams 2.5 MeV and current density of electron beams [Formula: see text]s. The unirradia

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16

Oleshko V.I. and Nguyen V. V. "Investigation of the parameters of a self-focused electron beam outputted behind the anode of a vacuum diode." Technical Physics Letters 48, no. 2 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.02.53580.19053.

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The parameters of a high-current electron beam extracted from the self-focusing zone through a hole in the anode into a vacuum chamber are investigated. The beam parameters were determined from the measurement of the spatial distribution of destruction and glow arising in polymethyl methacrylate samples installed at different distances from the anode (electron beam autographs). The formation of two electron beams --- a self-focused with a high energy density, propagating along the axis of the cone facing the base to the anode with an apex angle of ~ 7o and a high-energy beam of low density, pr

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17

Kharlamov, V. A., O. V. Tkhorik, and M. G. Pomyasova. "The possibility of using low-energy (below 300 keV) electron accelerators in the agro-industrial complex (a review)." "Radiation and Risk" Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry 30, no. 3 (2021): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2021-30-3-80-92.

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An important place in the system of measures to ensure the phytosanitary safety of agricultural produce is traditionally given to chemicals. However, due to negative effects of the chemicals on the environment, new more effective and safe technologies were needed. Feasibility of the use of radiation technologies to improve food safety and agricultural quality has been studied for more than 75 years. Recently radiation-based technologies have become increasingly important in agricultural produce processing to preserve food spoilage during storage. Currently the use of electron beams with energy

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18

Олешко, В. И., та V. V. Nguyen. "Исследование параметров самосфокусированного электронного пучка, выведенного за анод вакуумного диода". Письма в журнал технической физики 48, № 4 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2022.04.52075.19053.

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The parameters of a high-current electron beam extracted from the self-focusing zone through a hole in the anode into a vacuum chamber are investigated. The beam parameters were determined from the measurement of the spatial distribution of destruction and glow arising in polymethyl methacrylate samples installed at different distances from the anode (electron beam autographs). The formation of two electron beams - a self-focused with a high energy density, propagating along the axis of the cone facing the base to the anode with an apex angle of ~ 7º and a high-energy beam of low density, prop

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19

Todoriki, Setsuko, and Toru Hayashi. "Sprout inhibition of potatoes with soft-electron (low-energy electron beams)." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 84, no. 15 (2004): 2010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1906.

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20

Kulanchikov, Yuriy O., Pavel S. Vergeles, and Eugene B. Yakimov. "Effect of low-energy electron irradiation on voltage-capacity curves of Al/SiO2/Si structure." Modern Electronic Materials 5, no. 4 (2019): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.5.4.52311.

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Charging of dielectric targets by electron irradiation is a well-known phenomenon which should be taken into account in characterization of dielectric materials and coatings with electron microscopy, in electron beam lithography, in development of dielectric coatings for spacecrafts and other fields of science and engineering. Charging kinetics is strongly affected by spatial distribution of electrons and holes formed by irradiation. At the experimental electron beam energy electron penetration depth is smaller than dielectric thickness and this allows identifying the contribution of excess ca

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21

Kulanchikov, Yuriy O., Pavel S. Vergeles, and Eugene B. Yakimov. "Effect of low-energy electron irradiation on voltage-capacity curves of Al/SiO2/Si structure." Modern Electronic Materials 5, no. (4) (2019): 175–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/j.moem.5.4.52311.

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Charging of dielectric targets by electron irradiation is a well-known phenomenon which should be taken into account in characterization of dielectric materials and coatings with electron microscopy, in electron beam lithography, in development of dielectric coatings for spacecrafts and other fields of science and engineering. Charging kinetics is strongly affected by spatial distribution of electrons and holes formed by irradiation. At the experimental electron beam energy electron penetration depth is smaller than dielectric thickness and this allows identifying the contribution of excess ca

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22

Herring, Rodney A. "Reflection diffracted beam interferometry (RDBI) applied to the study of surfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136957.

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Diffracted beam interferometry, DBI, (previously referred to as Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction + Electron Biprism Interferometry, CBED+EBI) which uses an electron biprism to deflect diffracted beams (convergent or parallel) can produce an interferogram between any two beams within the information envelope of the microscope such that the beam's amplitude and phase can be measured and studied. As well, the electron source need not be highly coherent. So far, DBI has been applied only to transmission electron diffraction, although there is no reason why it shouldn't be applicable to all ele

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23

Ozur, G. E., S. A. Popov, and V. F. Fedushchak. "Formation of narrow low-energy high-intensity electron beams." Technical Physics 53, no. 7 (2008): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784208070165.

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24

Georges, V., J. Bardon, A. Degiovanni, and R. Morin. "Imaging charged objects using low-energy-electron coherent beams." Ultramicroscopy 90, no. 1 (2001): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3991(01)00124-3.

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25

Hosokawa, Teruo, and Kouji Yamada. "Ion neutralization factor measurement for low energy electron beams." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 420, no. 1-2 (1999): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00895-x.

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26

Babusci, D., M. Castellano, A. Ghigo, N. Cavallo, and F. Cevenini. "Laser diagnostics of high-power low-energy electron beams." Il Nuovo Cimento A 105, no. 4 (1992): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02730787.

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27

Papanicolas, C. N. "Low energy experiments with continuous electron and photon beams." Nuclear Physics A 446, no. 1-2 (1985): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(85)90593-7.

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28

Roa, Dante, Jeffrey Kuo, Harry Moyses, et al. "Fiber-Optic Based Laser Wakefield Accelerated Electron Beams and Potential Applications in Radiotherapy Cancer Treatments." Photonics 9, no. 6 (2022): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060403.

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Ultra-compact electron beam technology based on laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) could have a significant impact on radiotherapy treatments. Recent developments in LWFA high-density regime (HD-LWFA) and low-intensity fiber optically transmitted laser beams could allow for cancer treatments with electron beams from a miniature electronic source. Moreover, an electron beam emitted from a tip of a fiber optic channel could lead to new endoscopy-based radiotherapy, which is not currently available. Low-energy (10 keV–1 MeV) LWFA electron beams can be produced by irradiating high-density nano-ma

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29

Curatolo, Camilla, and Luca Serafini. "Electrons and X-rays to Muon Pairs (EXMP)." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063149.

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One of the challenges of future muon colliders involves the production of muon beams carrying high phase space densities. In particular, the muon beam normalised transverse emittance is a relevant figure of merit used to meet luminosity requests. A typical issue impacting the achieved transverse emittance in muon collider schemes, thus far considered, is the phase space dilution caused by the Coulomb interaction of primary particles propagating into the target where muons were generated. In this study, we present a new scheme(named electrons and X-rays to muon pairs) for muon beam generation o

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30

Sato, K., S. Harisaki, W. Kubo, et al. "Optimized deceleration characteristics of multicharged ion beams from electron cyclotron resonance ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (2022): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012098.

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Abstract At present it is necessary the satellite lifetime 10-15 years for operating in space. Xenon is used as fuel for ion engines of satellites. There are problems of accumulated damages at irradiation and sputtering by low energy Xe ion from the engine. It is required to construct database of sputtering yield of ion beams in the low energy region from a hundred eV to 1keV. We are trying to investigate experimentally sputtering yield on satellite component by irradiating the low energy Xe q+ ion beams. We use the electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) in the irradiation experiments

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31

McRae, EC, and RA Malic. "Applications of Low-energy Electron Diffraction to Ordering at Crystal and Quasicrystal Surfaces." Australian Journal of Physics 43, no. 5 (1990): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph900499.

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The value of the low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) technique for the evaluation of surface ordering depends on the ability to measure the intensity profiles of diffraction beams with respect to the associated surface component of the electron momentum transfer. Beam profiles, if measured with sufficient accuracy, may be interpreted to characterise the extent of surface order (e.g. distribution of step spacings) and to differentiate between different modes of disordering (e.g. surface melting versus roughening). The ability to measure LEED intensity profiles has been enhanced by use of low

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32

Miyake, W., T. Mukai, and N. Kaya. "A statistical study of field-aligned electron beams associated with ion conics events." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 8 (1998): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0940-x.

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Abstract. A statistical study of field-aligned electron beams associated with upflowing ion conics is presented from Exos-D (Akebono) observations below 10 000 km. The electron beams are narrowly collimated along the field line and generally have energies of several tens of eV. They are divided in the analysis into three types: upflowing, downflowing, and counterstreaming. All the types of electron beams are almost equivalent in their energy and pitch angle characteristics and their association rate with upflowing ion events. About 50% of ion conics are found to be coincident with field-aligne

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33

Kunz, R. R. "Selective area deposition of metals using low-energy electron beams." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 5, no. 5 (1987): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.583629.

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34

Havener, C. C., A. Müller, P. A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, and R. A. Phaneuf. "Low-energy electron capture byC3+from hydrogen using merged beams." Physical Review A 51, no. 4 (1995): 2982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.51.2982.

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35

Makuuchi, K., F. Yoshii, and J. A. G. S. G. Gunewardena. "Radiation vulcanization of nr latex with low energy electron beams." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 46, no. 4-6 (1995): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-806x(95)00304-g.

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36

Ulrich, A., C. Nießl, J. Wieser, H. Tomizawa, D. E. Murnick, and M. Salvermoser. "Lasers in dense gases pumped by low-energy electron beams." Journal of Applied Physics 86, no. 7 (1999): 3525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371253.

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37

Maurya, Sanjeev Kumar, Abhijeet Bhogale, and Lokesh C. Tribedi. "Electron Capture by Proton Beam in Collisions with Water Vapor." Atoms 11, no. 2 (2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11020021.

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In low energy ion-molecule collisions, electron capture is one of the most important channels. A new experimental setup was developed to study the electron capture process using low-energy ion beams extracted from an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma-based ion accelerator. Experiments were carried out with the proton beam colliding with water vapor in the energy range of 70–300 keV. Capture events were detected using a position-sensitive detection system comprising micro channel plates (MCPs) and a delay line detector (DLD). These e-capture events can be a result of pure capture reacti

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38

ZHONG Peilin, JIANG Yueqian, ZI Ming, et al. "Laser driven electron acceleration from dual-plane composited targets for space radiation applications." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 6 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20241639.

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Laser driven electron beam has important application value in the field of space radiation environment simulation. However, due to the shortcomings of poor spectrum tunability and high laser energy of the electron beam generated by laser direct irradiation of high-density solid targets, which limits to its wide application. In this paper, a scheme is proposed to simulate the orbital electron radiation in near-Earth space by using laser driven dual-plane composited target electron acceleration. It is found that the high-density solid target Ⅱ can provide a large number of low energy electrons,

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39

Bogomyagkov, Anton, Vladimir Druzhinin, Eugene Levichev, Alexander Milstein та Sergej Sinyatkin. "Low-energy electron-positron collider to search and study (μ+μ−) bound state". EPJ Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818101032.

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We discuss a low energy e+e− collider for production of the not yet observed (μ+μ−) bound system (dimuonium). Collider with large crossing angle for e+e− beams intersection produces dimuonium with non-zero momentum; therefore, its decay point is shifted from the beam collision area providing effective suppression of the elastic e+e− scattering background. The experimental constraints define subsequent collider specifications. We show preliminary layout of the accelerator and obtained main parameters. High luminosity in chosen beam energy range allows to study π± and η-mesons.

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40

Narhova, Anastasiya, Ruslan Vazirov, and Sergey Sokovnin. "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signal in Wheat Seeds Induced by Low-Energy Electron Beams." ANRI, no. 3 (August 22, 2022): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37414/2075-1338-2022-110-3-68-76.

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The use of radiation processing of food and agricultural products entails the need to control the values of the applied doses. This work shows the possibility of using EPR spectrometry for dosimetry monitoring of wheat samples irradiated at the URT-0.5 (0.5 MeV) electron accelerator. The general view of the spectra of the radiation-induced EPR signal is presented, its time kinetics is studied. The dependences of the EPR signal intensity on the value of the absorbed dose are obtained.

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41

Ozur, G. E., and D. I. Proskurovsky. "Generation of Low-Energy High-Current Electron Beams in Plasma-Anode Electron Guns." Plasma Physics Reports 44, no. 1 (2018): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x18010130.

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42

Korevaar, Erik W., Remco J. van Vliet, Evert Woudstra, Ben J. M. Heijmen, and Henk Huizenga. "Sharpening the penumbra of high energy electron beams with low weight narrow photon beams." Radiotherapy and Oncology 48, no. 2 (1998): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(98)00030-9.

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43

Segal, S. T., R. A. Bark, J. Abraham, et al. "Ion-source development at the off-line LERIB test-facility at iThemba LABS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2586, no. 1 (2023): 012144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2586/1/012144.

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Abstract The Low Energy Radioactive Ion Beam (LERIB) facility [1] will be used to produce low-energy radioactive-ion beams (RIBs) with energies up to 60 keV. Radioactive reaction products will be created by a 66 MeV proton-beam impinging on a target made of carbide disks, such as SiC [2]. These reaction products will then be ionized in a target-ion-source (TIS) and extracted as beam. The TIS design allows three ion-sources: a surface ion-source [3], a forced electron-beam induced arc-discharge (FEBIAD) ion-source [4], and a resonance-ionization laser ion-source, or RILIS. The surface-ionizatio

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44

Thoma, K. I., M. Droba, and O. Meusel. "Investigation, simulation and first measurements of a 2 m long electron column trapped in a Gabor-Lens device." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2420, no. 1 (2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2420/1/012042.

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Abstract Various Gabor-Lenses (GL) were investigated at Goethe University. Confinements of sufficient electron densities (ne ∼ 1 · 1015 m3) were reached without any external source of electrons. Focusing of ion beams by low energy was demonstrated, long term stability and reproducibility were approved. Main differences compared to experiments and investigations of the pure non-neutral in Penning-Malmberg traps [1] are higher residual gas pressure and therefore higher collision rates, higher bulk temperatures, self-sustaining electron production process, much higher evaporation cooling rate. GL

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FILIPOWICZ, M., V. M. BYSTRITSKY, G. N. DUDKIN, F. M. PENK'OV, and A. V. PHILIPPOV. "MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS OF dd REACTION PARAMETERS STUDY AT ULTRA-LOW ENERGY RANGE USING PLASMA HALL ACCELERATOR AND DEUTERIZED TARGETS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 21, no. 11 (2012): 1250089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301312500899.

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This paper presents results of the application Monte Carlo method to analyze data from the interaction of deuteron beams with metallic targets saturated with deuterium. The SRIM software was used to generate energy spectrum of ions passing the target. These spectra were used to calculate the neutron yields from dd reactions in energy range 7–12 keV of incident deuteron beams. The calculated outputs were compared with the experimental data for the determination of the electron screening potential for dd reactions. The calculations were performed using two different values of the beam energy spr

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Alizadeh, Elahe, Dipayan Chakraborty, and Sylwia Ptasińska. "Low-Energy Electron Generation for Biomolecular Damage Inquiry: Instrumentation and Methods." Biophysica 2, no. 4 (2022): 475–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica2040041.

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Technological advancement has produced a variety of instruments and methods to generate electron beams that have greatly assisted in the extensive theoretical and experimental efforts devoted to investigating the effect of secondary electrons with energies approximately less than 100 eV, which are referred as low-energy electrons (LEEs). In the past two decades, LEE studies have focused on biomolecular systems, which mainly consist of DNA and proteins and their constituents as primary cellular targets of ionizing radiation. These studies have revealed that compared to other reactive species pr

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Chen, Ye, Frank Brinker, Winfried Decking, Matthias Scholz, and Lutz Winkelmann. "Perspectives towards Sub-Ångström Working Regime of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser with Low-Emittance Electron Beams." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 10768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210768.

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Sub-ångström working regime refers to a working state of free-electron lasers which allows the generation of hard X-rays at a photon wavelength of 1 ångström and below, that is, a photon energy of 12.5 keV and above. It is demonstrated that the accelerators of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser can provide highly energetic electron beams of up to 17.5 GeV. Along with long variable-gap undulators, the facility offers superior conditions for exploring self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in the sub-ångström regime. However, the overall FEL performance relies quantitatively on achievabl

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Agafonov, A. V. "Low-impedance plasma systems for generation of high-current low-energy electron beams." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 3, S1 (2006): S7—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1547477106070028.

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Joy, David C. "The Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 1213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600012952.

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A majority of the scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) now in use are probably employed as low voltage SEMs (LVSEMs), that is to say they are operated to produce beams with energies below 5keV. This trend away from the more conventional mode of operation at 20 or 30keV has gathered momentum over the past decade and has been driven by both theoretical and practical considera-tions.Firstly, the distance travelled by an electron falls rapidly (in fact as about E1.6 ) as the incident ener-gy E is reduced. Images generated by low energy electron beams therefore contain enhanced surface information

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Salehilashkajani, A., H. D. Zhang, M. Ady, et al. "A gas curtain beam profile monitor using beam induced fluorescence for high intensity charged particle beams." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 17 (2022): 174101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085491.

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A minimally invasive transverse beam profile monitor based on supersonic gas curtain technology and beam-induced fluorescence has been developed and demonstrated. The concept presented can be used to measure both the profile of the proton beam in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the concentricity of the electron and the proton beams in the LHC hollow electron lens. In this Letter, the performance of such a monitor for a low energy electron beam is discussed, which paves the way for its wider implementation.

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