Academic literature on the topic 'Low German Authors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Low German Authors"
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Fritsch, Nina-Sophie, Roland Verwiebe, and Bernd Liedl. "Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland." Comparative Sociology 18, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 449–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507.
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Abstract Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular.
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Heres, S., S. Wagenpfeil, J. Hamann, W. Kissling, and S. Leucht. "Language bias in neuroscience—is the Tower of Babel located in Germany?" European Psychiatry 19, no. 4 (June 2004): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.09.011.
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AbstractIn internal medicine German authors tend to publish randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with non-significant findings in German journals, RCTs with significant findings in international journals. In the neurosciences a similar trend was seen but the findings were not statistically significant. The reason for this inconclusive finding might be the low number of RCTs published in German.
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Boldyrev, Roman, and Jörg Morré. "Organizational Structure, Channels and Methods of Propaganda Work of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany, 1945–1949." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (October 2019): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.5.15.
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Introduction. The paper deals with the issues of the propaganda system in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany (SOZ) between 1945 and 1949. Based on de-classified documents from Russian Archives propaganda organization, channels and methods of propaganda units of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAG) became a subject to study. The authors emphasize on control means towards German mass media and implementing the Soviet propaganda monopoly in East Germany. Methods and materials. The authors consequently analyze the main channels and methods of positive USSR image broadcasting: radio, press, SMAG propaganda unit lectures, people’s education system, activities of society for Soviet cultural studies, acquaintance trips of German delegations to the USSR, presentations of Soviet exhibitions and films. Analysis and Results. The authors come to a conclusion that the Soviet propaganda in East Germany had a low efficiency. It failed to establish a complete monopoly of Soviet propaganda units in East Germany. The SOZ population could access the propaganda from West Germany and West Berlin, which broadcast a radically negative image of the USSR. Besides, the units and institutions of the Group of Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany (GSOTG) created their own image of Soviet people, which was different from the ideal and broadcast one. Thus, it turned out to be impossible to provide the unification of the broadcast and perception of propagandist materials devoted to the USSR and its population. Soviet propaganda in Germany had gone through the transition by the late 1940s: division of Germany in two states appeared to be a reality, and the establishment of socialist society on Stalin’s model took place in East Germany. Ideological revisiting of the Soviet social constitution, and so its supremacy over the bourgeois one was to replace the conventional image of the country of total welfare and happiness.
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Mulska, Olga, and Ihor Baranyak. "Formation of the forecasting model for Ukrainian – German migration system." Economy and Forecasting 2019, no. 2 (2019): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.02.119.
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The article presents results of the research on the population's migration activity in the context of the formation of a new migration system (MS), such as the Ukrainian-German one. It has been determined that the expansion of the scale and diversification of the composition of migratory flows intensify their influence on contemporary demographic, socio-economic and ethno-cultural processes both in the donor country and in the recipient country. It is proved that the consideration of the migration component has become necessary in developing the demographic, social and economic, foreign and ethno-cultural strategies of the country's development. Authors present a technique to construct forecasts of migration activity in the conditions of formation of the Ukrainian-German migration system. It is based on a three-stage algorithm: 1) forecasting the size and structure of the population of Germany and Ukraine; 2) forecasting macroeconomic indicators and conditions of labour markets of Germany and Ukraine; and 3) forecasting the volumes of potential migration in the conditions of formation of the investigated MS (Ukraine-Germany). Based on the projection of the German population by 2060, and taking into account variations in the volume of immigration in the country, authors prove that a significant deformation of the age structure of the indigenous population as a result of the nation's 'hyper-aging' may lead to a demographic collapse, which makes it impossible for the country's economic growth to result in shortages of high-skilled workforce in the labour market. The arguments presented confirm the hypothesis of the dependence of the German economy on the immigration flows of human resources. On the basis of the constructed economic-mathematical model, the authors estimated the probable variants of further development of the UGMS for medium-term (by 2025) and long-term (until 2030) perspectives under different developmental scenarios (the benchmark, optimistic, tendentious, and pessimistic ones). The investigation has shown that during 2025-2030 in Ukraine, the demographic and, as a result, labour-saving crisis, caused by the emigration of human resources in young and middle age, coupled with low fertility rates, will aggravate in Ukraine. In this context, the feasibility of constructing a new migration policy with the effect of replacing the workforce has been substantiated. This publication is prepared withing the research project on "Migration activity of the population of the Carpathian region" (state registration No 0119U002010).
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Beckers, E., M. Van Poucke, L. Ronsyn, and L. Peelman. "Frequency estimation of disease-causing mutations in the Belgian population of some dog breeds." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 85, no. 4 (August 29, 2016): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v85i4.16327.
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In light of improving breeding advice, the frequency was estimated for all the disease-causing mutations that were known at the start of the study and that are potentially relevant for a group of dog breeds, which are relatively popular or in which the genetic diversity in Belgium is low to moderately low. In this study, the results for the German shepherd dog, Malinois, Lakenois, Groenendael, Tervuren, Australian shepherd and Border collie are presented. Disorders with a frequency high enough to warrant routine genotyping for breeding programs are (1) multidrug resistance 1 and hereditary cataract for the Australian shepherd, (2) degenerative myelopathy for the German shepherd dog, Malinois and Groenendael and (3) collie eye anomaly for the Border collie. In addition, the hyperuricosuria mutation described in the German shepherd dog was not found in its Belgian population, but was, to the authors’ knowledge discovered for the first time in the Malinois.
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Krause, Thomas. "Networking across the North Sea: The Influence of German Civilian Authors on Sir George MacKenzie's “Laws and Customs of Scotland on Matters Criminal”." Edinburgh Law Review 22, no. 3 (September 2018): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2018.0504.
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In his treatise “The Laws and Customs of Scotland in Matters Criminal”, which was first published in 1678, Sir George Mackenzie gave the first thorough account of Scots criminal law. Being heavily influenced by Roman and Civil Law authorities most of the latter ones hail from Italy, France, the Low Countries, and Spain. There are, however, also a number of German civilian authors Mackenzie relies on. Their influence on his line of argumentation is the subject of Thomas Krause's article.
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Štefčík, Jozef, and Zuzana Gašová. "CREATING A GERMAN-SLOVAK HUNTING TERMINOLOGY DATABASE." Folia linguistica et litteraria XIII, no. 39 (February 2022): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.16.
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The paper strives to introduce terminology tools in creating a German Slovak terminology database of the relevant specialized terms used in hunting in the context of the diversity of available resources and verification tools such as the German and Slovak national corpora. The focus will be on corpora as verification tools and their role in creating a terminology database. In addition, we will consider the principle of the diversity of existing sources. The theoretical basis is grounded in corpus linguistics, technical language, terminology work, and semantics. The authors of the study being presented have explored corpora as a relevant tool in terms of quantity and quality. The German and Slovak national corpus serves as an indicator of rare terms – with a low occurrence presupposing a higher professional level of specialized lexemes. The approach of common or zero occurrence in national corpora needs to be implemented into terminology work and creating terminology databases. Thus, the authors of the study use, compare, and analyze the German federal corpus – DWDS (Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache) and the Slovak national corpus (SNK). In the process of terminological search in the canons, they have applied homogenous search criteria. As a result of the analysis underpinned with concrete examples from the hunting field, they demonstrate a procedure for creating a terminological database of a specialized domain. Overall, they attempt to deliver an innovative approach combining the latest knowledge in linguistics and terminology work.
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Rushforth, Ian, Andy Moorhouse, and Peter Styles. "A Case Study of Low Frequency Noise Assessed Using DIN 45680 Criteria." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 21, no. 4 (December 2002): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026309202321834636.
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This paper describes a case study in which low frequency noise was suspected of causing disturbance in a semi-rural location close to an industrial estate. Previous attempts using conventional acoustic measurement techniques to resolve the case, or even prove the existence of a real acoustic problem, had proved unsuccessful. In the present study, the authors applied a novel integrated acoustic/microseismic measurement system, and assessed the resultant data using criteria from the German national standard DIN 45680. Using this approach, the authors successfully resolved the low frequency noise problem and, after a test involving a sequential shutdown at a suspect industrial site, established the precise cause of the disturbance. The paper thus supports the criteria in DIN 45680 as a predictor of annoyance due to low frequency noise and as an aid in resolving such problems. It also illustrates the flexibility of the combined acoustic/microseismic technique and the advantages of the method over conventional techniques.
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Zaritskiy, B. E. "The Role of Banks and Stock Market in the German Economy." World of new economy 12, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-4-93-108.
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Relevance. The purpose of this article is to analyse particular features of the modern situation in of the banking and stock market sectors of the Federal Republic of Germany. Some of the topical characteristics of the development of the German banking system during the last years are as follows: The restructuration of the Lands Banks, which was in the centre of the financial crisis of 2008–09; Continuing attempts to reorganise the Deutsche Bank which was and is in continued failure of profits; The decrease in inter-banking credits on the background of expected abandonment of the policy of “quantitative easing”. On the other hand, following a series of unlucky attempts by Deutsche Boerse to establish an alliance with the largest World’s Stock Exchanges, Frankfurt hope to get even with London and become European “financial capital” after Brexit completed.Methods. By analysis of publications edited by EU, ECB, Bundesbank, related German agencies, and also books and articles written by Russian and foreign authors this text demonstrates the changes within the structure of the German banking sector and the strong and weak aspects of the stock market of this country. The author used system’s approach and historical and statistical methods to allow the making of a holistic analysis of the selected topic in its development, as well as ranging statistical data properly and drawing up some conclusions regarding the eventual scenario of further development.Results. This research provided a background for the conclusion that the world financial and economic crisis of 2008–09 has more strongly affected the German banking sector than in former considerations. The leading banking institutions of the country such as Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank are in a hard financial situation. Relatively limited capital adequacy and low level of profitability of the majority of German banks represent important limits for its international activities. Meanwhile, the German stock market remains underdeveloped and therefore plays a subordinated role in financing companies.Prospects. The outcomes of this research could be useful for the assessment of long-term perspectives of the socioeconomic and innovative development of Germany which remains the biggest economy of the EU.
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Szymaniec, Piotr, and Lech Kurowski. "Polityka gospodarcza III Rzeszy w ujęciu polskich ekonomistów tamtego czasu." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 41, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.41.2.3.
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ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE THIRD REICH PRESENTED BY POLISH ECONOMISTS OF THE 1930S AND 1940SThe aim of this paper is to present Polish pre-war literature on Nazi economic policy and to compare Leopold Caro’s views with analyses of a well-known postwar economist, Paweł Sulmicki, presented in his doctoral thesis of 1946. The comparison of these two interpretations enables the authors to show not only the change of views on the totalitarian economy of Germany, but also the transformations that took place in the Polish theory of economics at that time. In terms of methodology, the work of Leopold Caro published in 1938 did not go beyond what the German historical school offered. Paweł Sulmicki, on the other hand, explained the processes taking place in the German economy from the point of view of the theory of multiplier which was relatively new at that time. Sulmicki did not explicitly state that the phenomena analyzed by him were paradoxes in the light of Keynesian theory, but he described the factors that led to the success of the economic policy at a low level of the multiplier.
Books on the topic "Low German Authors"
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Hückstädt, Arnold. Rudolf Tarnow: Ein Lebensbild aus Mecklenburg. Rostock: Hinstorff, 1995.
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Angermann, Gertrud. Anna von Quernheim (vor 1520-1590): Die erste bekannte Liederdichterin Westfalens und 25 ihrer geistlichen Gesänge in niederdeutscher Sprache. Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 1996.
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Nenz, Cornelia. Auf immer und ewig, dein Fritz Reuter: Aus dem Leben der Luise Reuter. Rostock: Hinstorff, 1998.
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Finster, Anke. Der oldenburgische Schriftsteller August Hinrichs (1879-1956): Ein Beitrag zu den biobibliographischen Grundlagen der niederdeutschen Literaturgeschichtsschreibung. Neumünster: K. Wachholtz, 1990.
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Braukmüller, Heide. Wilhelmine Siefkes: Eine christlich-soziale Demokratin (1890-1984). Weener (Ems): Risius, 1999.
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Cornelia, Nenz, and Fritz-Reuter-Literaturmuseum Stavenhagen, eds. Fritz Reuter, Leben, Werk und Wirkung: "--ich bin das geworden, was ich immer sehnlichst gewünscht habe--". Rostock: Hinstorff, 2001.
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Groth, Klaus. Klaus Groth auf Capri: Die Chronik einer Winterreise in Briefen. Heide: Boyens, 1996.
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1951-, Kaldewei Gerhard, and Georges Dirk 1957-, eds. Augustin Wibbelt, 1862-1947: Westfälischer Dichter und Priester am Niederrhein. Bielefeld: Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Low German Authors"
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Wolf, Mario, and Jochen Teizer. "Creation and Acceptance of Low-Threshold Mobile Training on Sustainability in Construction." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 34–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.04.
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Many recent developments in mixed reality applications are exploited for research on improving training in the construction industry. While immersive technologies offer indisputable advantages over classic paper- or multi-media-based training material, access to this kind of technology is still very limited in the academic world and even less widespread in industry. In this paper, the authors follow the current trend of creating low-threshold micro-learning nuggets, which are easily consumable on mobile devices but can be accessed in every web browser. This is essential to reach the construction trade workforces, which for the most part will own a smart or mobile device, but neither specialized equipment, nor will there be time or patience for a lengthy setup phase before learning content consumption. The learning content aims to give construction workers a clear vision of what some of the fundamental components of a sustainable construction site should look like and what role they play in achieving the said vision. The learning content revolves around the initial idea of DGNB certification (German: German Sustainable Building Council), waste management, certification of construction wood, handling of harmful substances and chemicals and some general health and safety regulations that impact the emission of dust, noise and vibration. The paper describes the general approach of the planning, orchestration of learning material, development of the learning nugget, and deployment, as well as a study for acceptance and user experience
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Wolf, Mario, and Jochen Teizer. "Creation and Acceptance of Low-Threshold Mobile Training on Sustainability in Construction." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 34–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.04.
Full textAbstract:
Many recent developments in mixed reality applications are exploited for research on improving training in the construction industry. While immersive technologies offer indisputable advantages over classic paper- or multi-media-based training material, access to this kind of technology is still very limited in the academic world and even less widespread in industry. In this paper, the authors follow the current trend of creating low-threshold micro-learning nuggets, which are easily consumable on mobile devices but can be accessed in every web browser. This is essential to reach the construction trade workforces, which for the most part will own a smart or mobile device, but neither specialized equipment, nor will there be time or patience for a lengthy setup phase before learning content consumption. The learning content aims to give construction workers a clear vision of what some of the fundamental components of a sustainable construction site should look like and what role they play in achieving the said vision. The learning content revolves around the initial idea of DGNB certification (German: German Sustainable Building Council), waste management, certification of construction wood, handling of harmful substances and chemicals and some general health and safety regulations that impact the emission of dust, noise and vibration. The paper describes the general approach of the planning, orchestration of learning material, development of the learning nugget, and deployment, as well as a study for acceptance and user experience
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Tietz, Manfred. "El teatro del Siglo de Oro y su paulatina presencia en la cultura y la literatura teatrales en los países de habla alemana durante los siglos XVII y XVIII." In Studi e saggi, 77–114. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-150-1.7.
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The presence of the theatre of the Spanish Siglo de Oro in the theatre and literary culture of Germany (or the German-speaking countries) in the 17th and 18th centuries is a multifaceted one, and was influenced by many factors. We have to take in account that in the second half of the 17th century and in a large part of the 18th century Spain had been a terra incognita for the Germanic world. This long lack of basic knowledge led to a decontextualization of the Golden Age theatre and sometimes to an unconditional enthusiasm that was not based on historical realities. The protagonists of the ‘construction’ of a ‘Spanish national theatre’ included Lessing, Herder, Goethe, the Schlegel brothers and the philosopher Schelling, the most prominent German intellectuals of the time. Within this ‘construction’ Lope de Vega, Rojas Zorrilla and, above all, Calderón de la Barca are the three icons that will guide both the theory and the practice of drama during the ‘two most Spanish decades’ of German literary history (1790-1810), even reaching - in the secularized world of the classics and the first generation of German Romantics - the ‘deification’ of Calderón as perfect poet and author of modern tragedies (without paying much attention to his comedias in a stricter sense and without taking account of his autos sacramentales).
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Keller, Andreas. "Mammon und Passion ‚ins Deutsche versetzet‘: Transfer der Sprache und Erhebung der Seele am Beispiel der Parallelübersetzungen Joseph Halls im deutschen Protestantismus." In Neues von der Insel, 41–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66949-5_3.
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ZusammenfassungDuring the 16th century the english language is not very common in the german areas. In the course of the continued Reformation movements, however, demand is increasing for personally oriented devotional literature, which British authors appear to be better able to meet. In this way, multiple versions of individual texts are created in parallel in German, which, in addition to meditation and devotion, also introduce very specific phenomena of a social reality that are relatively unknown in German-speaking areas. As Joseph Hall shows, questions such as financial speculation, capital increase or commercial law, psychology or character development are particularly attractive for readers in German-speaking countries who are completely focused on heart and inwardness. More precise comparisons of individual translations show the different techniques of the translators, but also the different interests of their regional readership.
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König, Doris. "The Consequences of Sentenza 238/2014: What to Do Now?" In Remedies against Immunity?, 215–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_11.
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AbstractThis chapter illustrates the two ways in which national constitutional courts can deal with a conflict between international or European law on the one hand and national constitutional law on the other hand. The dualist approach of not complying with international or European law comes at the risk of undermining respect for an external legal order and in the author’s view should thus be used in exceptional cases only. The chapter argues that the test of equivalent protection is more constructive but requires a close relationship between the legal orders involved. Therefore, this option is difficult to apply in cases which are about conflicts with international and not with European law. In Sentenza 238/2014, the Italian Constitutional Court chose a dualist approach. Although the legal path has not been exhausted yet (Germany could bring another case before the International Court of Justice), the author advocates negotiations with the aim of achieving a political solution which takes into account the interests of all parties involved.
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Lukin, Pavel V. "German Merchants in Novgorod: Hospitality and Hostility, Twelfth–Fifteenth Centuries." In Baltic Hospitality from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century, 117–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98527-1_5.
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AbstractRelationship between Novgorodians and Hanseatic merchants in the twelfth–fifteenth centuries present a striking example of long-term and ongoing interaction between communities differing in ethnicity, culture and Christian denominations in Northern Europe. There is a unique corpus of sources allowing to study contacts between them—numerous documents dating mostly from the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries, written in Middle Low German, related to the activities of the Hanseatic Kontor in Novgorod. Some very important evidence can also be found in Novgorodian sources: chronicles, hagiographical texts, laws and charters. The following issues are addressed in the chapter: the infra-structure of hospitality in Novgorod (first of all, history of the main residences of the Hanseatic merchants in Novgorod—the so-called “trading yards”); legal aspects and rhetoric of hospitality and hostility towards the guests and securitization of both hosts and guests; everyday practices of hospitality and hostility in Novgorod towards German merchants. The author comes to the conclusion that the “Black Legend” widespread in the mainstream scholarship in the nineteenth and in the first half of the twentieth centuries which assumed that relations between Novgorodians and German merchants had been almost exclusively hostile and based upon mutual distrust has to be revised. Novgorod was able to shape a variety of notions and practices, which allowed, despite conflicts, to efficiently keep contact with the numerous German merchant community for centuries.
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Pihera, Vlastimil. "Soukromý úřad. Skica." In Pocta prof. Josefu Bejčkovi k 70. narozeninám, 695–706. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0094-2022-32.
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The paper deals with the unusual notion of “private office”, i.e. the institution of office in private law, primarily taking into account its concept in German private law, as elaborated mainly in Florian Jakoby’s habilitation thesis Das private Amt published in 2007. It deals with its definition as a specific organisational entity to which rights and obligations can be assigned even in private law, despite the fact that it has no legal personality. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between private office and separate patrimony and its role in corporate law. The author concludes that, particularly in these areas, the concept of private office can help to better structure our thinking about the function and nature of legal relationships.
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Zimmermann, Andreas. "Would the World Be a Better Place If One Were to Adopt a European Approach to State Immunity? Or, ‘Soll am Europäischen Wesen die Staatenimmunität Genesen’?" In Remedies against Immunity?, 219–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_12.
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AbstractThis chapter argues not only that there is no European Sonderweg (or ‘special way’) when it comes to the law of state immunity but that there ought not to be one. Debates within The Hague Conference on Private International Law in the late 1990s and those leading to the adoption of the 2002 UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States, as well as the development of the EU Brussels Regulation on Jurisdiction and Enforcement, as amended in 2015, all demonstrate that state immunity was not meant to be limited by such treaties but ‘safeguarded’. Likewise, there is no proof that regional European customary law limits state immunity when it comes to ius cogens violations, as Italy and (partly) Greece are the only European states denying state immunity in such cases while the European Court of Human Rights has, time and again, upheld a broad concept of state immunity. It therefore seems unlikely that in the foreseeable future a specific European customary law norm on state immunity will develop, especially given the lack of participation in such practice by those states most concerned by the matter, including Germany. This chapter considers the possible legal implications of the jurisprudence of the Italian Constitutional Court for European military operations (if such operations went beyond peacekeeping). These implications would mainly depend on the question of attribution: if one where to assume that acts undertaken within the framework of military operations led by the EU were to be, at least also, attributable to the troop-contributing member states, the respective troop-contributing state would be entitled to enjoy state immunity exactly to the same degree as in any kind of unilateral military operations. Additionally, some possible perspectives beyond Sentenza 238/2014 are examined, in particular concerning the redress awarded by domestic courts ‘as long as’ neither the German nor the international system grant equivalent protection to the victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law committed during World War II. In the author’s opinion, strengthening the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals, bringing interstate cases for damages before the International Court of Justice, as well as providing for claims commissions where individual compensation might be sought for violations of international humanitarian law would be more useful and appropriate mechanisms than denying state immunity.
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Menzel, Michael. "Developing a Metadata Profile for Higher Education OER Repositories." In Distributed Learning Ecosystems, 263–78. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_14.
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AbstractTo provide Open Educational Resources (OER) according to the recognised FAIR principles (improve Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets), it is necessary to describe the educational material by means of meaningful metadata. There are conflicting demands to comply with. On the one hand, the educational resources should be described in as much detail as possible for accurately fitting search results. On the other hand, only strictly necessary information should be obligatory to keep the obstacles for authors as low as possible. An additional goal is to allow easy connection between repositories, thus allowing federated search and harvesting of metadata, for example, by search engines or other interested parties. Operators of OER repositories from several federal states in Germany (HOOU, OERNDS, ORCA.nrw, VCRP, VHB, ZOERR) have developed a metadata profile focussing on OER in the context of higher education. The initiators strive to reach the mentioned objectives and to establish a standard in the field. The metadata profile is based on the well-established Learning Object Metadata Standard (LOM). The chapter describes the decision process and why certain choices are made to reach the intended goals. Furthermore, the importance of editorial supervision for a sound quality of the material and metadata will be discussed. The chances and challenges are illustrated based on practical experiences with the establishment and daily operation of the Zentrales OER Repositorium der Hochschulen in Baden- Württemberg (ZOERR).
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Manninger, Sandra, and Matias del Campo. "Deep Mining Authorship." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 3–10. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_1.
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AbstractConsidering the emerging field of architecture and artificial intelligence, it might be necessary to contemplate the remodeling of the concept of authorship entirely. The invention of authorship is a complex historical process that can be traced back to the emergence of print culture in Europe in the 15th century. Prior to this period, most literary and artistic works were created anonymously or attributed to collective or anonymous sources, such as folklore or religious traditions. However, with the rise of printing, texts became more easily reproducible and marketable, and there emerged a need for individual authors to take credit for their works. The notion of authorship was closely tied to the idea of originality and ownership, as authors sought to assert their exclusive rights to their works and to distinguish themselves from other writers. This was supported by the development of copyright law, which granted legal protection to authors and their works, and helped to establish a market for literary and artistic works. The idea of the author as a singular, autonomous figure gained further prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries, with the emergence of romanticism and the cult of the individual. This period saw the rise of the idea of the artist as a genius, whose works were the product of their own unique creativity and imagination. This idea was further reinforced by the rise of literary criticism, which focused on the interpretation and analysis of individual works and their authors. However, as Michel Foucault and other scholars have argued, the notion of authorship is not a universal or timeless concept, but rather a historically contingent and culturally specific one. Different societies ad cultures have different understandings of authorship, and these have shifted over time in response to changes in technology, culture, and social values. As it stands now, authorship in its traditional form can hardly be applied in a context where automated collaborations provide more than 50% of the generated material. This is true for multiple art fields. Visual Arts (Mario Klingemann, Sofia Crespo, Memo Atken, Ooouch, etc.), Music (Dadabots, YACHT, Holly Herndon), Literature, etc. Very soon this will also be true for Architecture. The consequence is also an entire rethinking of the concept of the sole genius. This notion, developed by German Romanticists in the early 19th century, is, in the current context of AI-assisted creativity, completely obsolete, as we are drawing from the genius of hundreds of thousands of artists and artworks in order to interrogate the latent space for unseen artistic opportunities. More akin to an archeological dig leading to the discovery of a next-generation jet fighter plane.
Conference papers on the topic "Low German Authors"
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Tahara, H., K. Onoe, T. Yoshikawa, and Y. Ando. "Interaction Between Near-Substrate Plasma Characteristics and Heat Flux into the Substrate by a Supersonic dc Plasma Jet of Ammonia and Nitrogen Under for Low-Pressure Nitriding." In ITSC2002, edited by C. C. Berndt and E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2002p0771.
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Abstract In this paper, spectroscopic and electrostatic probe measurements are made to examine the characteristics of a supersonic dc plasma jet near the surface of titanium plate during a nitriding treatment. The low-pressure nitriding process is done using a mixture of ammonia, nitrogen, and hydrogen gasses. Heating effects from the plasma are evaluated with nickel slug and thermocouple attached to the plate. The authors present the results of their study along with observations, insights, and suggestions on how to improve plasma nitriding processes. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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von Hellens, Liisa, Kaylene Clayton, Jenine Beekhuyzen, and Sue Nielsen. "Perceptions of ICT Careers in German Schools: An Exploratory Study." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3348.
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This paper reports on an exploratory investigation of the perceptions of information and communication technology (ICT) as a field of study and work in German secondary schools. A total of 160 students from five secondary schools in Lower Saxony participated in the study in February 2007, and four teachers of the students were interviewed. The investigation is part of the research carried out by the authors within the Griffith University Women in Information Technology (WinIT) project, which has been studying the problem of low female participation since 1995. In this paper we discuss German school students’ (male and female) and their teachers’ views of ICT, its use at school and home, their influences in using technology, and their ideas about working with technology in the future. We drew on the challenges faced and opportunities available to teachers in the study to put this in context. We found that many senior secondary students have not decided what they want to do when they finish school, suggesting that the environment is ripe for them to receive relevant and useful information that may help them to choose to study tertiary ICT courses. By dispelling negative ICT perceptions and allowing students to make an informed choice as to whether to take up a career in ICT, we can hopefully encourage more students into this ever-growing and exciting industry.
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Meyne, K. J., E. Praefke, and K. H. Koop. "The Development of the Propeller Design for the World's Largest Reefer Container Ships." In SNAME 9th Propeller and Shafting Symposium. SNAME, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/pss-2000-12.
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At the end of the year 1999, the German shipyard HDW (Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft) delivered a series of two open-top reefer container vessels of 2 million cu-ft each to the renowned fruit shipping company Dole Fresh Fruit. The vessels entered service at the end of 1999 and were then the largest of their kind. HSVA (the Hamburg Ship Model Basin) has conducted the model tests in advance. The propellers have been manufactured by the German company MMG (Mecklenburger MetallgujB). The article describes the propeller design specification (with special emphasis on low vibration levels in the accommodation areas), propeller design considerations, and test results (powering performance, cavitation performance, and vibration excitation) with three different model propellers. The authors also present the full-scale sea trial results as far as they are available.
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George, L. C., L. Pollard, D. Snyder, K. Young, and L. B. Delcea. "High-Enthalpy Plasma Spraying." In ITSC2002, edited by C. C. Berndt and E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2002p0339.
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Abstract Arc instability in conventional plasmas causes variations in particle properties that can lead to poor coating quality and low deposit efficiencies. In this paper, the authors explain how the use of molecular gases with higher enthalpy mitigates the effects of arc instability, resulting in higher spray rates, better coating quality, and lower cost per kilogram of material deposited. They also describe the design and operation of a commercial high-enthalpy plasma spraying system and present and analyze coatings of different materials thereby produced. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
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Bosch, Alexander, Jürgen Rudolph, and Michael Vormwald. "Numerical Investigations of Seam Welds Under Low Cycle Fatigue: Proposal for Lifetime Estimation and Recommendations for Design With Commonly Used Guidelines." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45576.
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Seam welds in technical plants are often subjected to thermal loading conditions, e.g. thermal transients in the low cycle fatigue range. Corresponding to this fact, the failure of seam welds under Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) must be predictable, to avoid cases of damage. A commonly used material for pipelines of power plants is the austenitic stainless steel of type X6CrNiNb18-10 (1.4550). Based on experimental investigations on machined and as-welded seam welds by Lang and co-authors, a parametric model was developed to consider geometrical and metallurgical notches in finite element analyses. Through additional experimental investigations (including several specimen shapes and temperature levels on 20°C, 200°C and 350°C) by Langschwager, Bosch and co-authors the assumptions and model parameters have been validated. The consideration of the microstructural support effect at the sharp notch on as-welded seam welds was realized by the reduction of local strain amplitudes by averaging stresses over a structural support length. The additional surface influence was determined on specimens with machined seam welds and is describable by a factor on local strain amplitudes. Using a local approach by using measured geometry-parameters, the selected distribution of material parameters and in consideration of the additional influences, acceptable accordance between experimentally and numerically calculated fatigue lives was obtained. Moreover, the results of the experimental investigations were used to compare them to allowable loading cycles, calculated by the simplified elastic plastic fatigue analysis (Ke-procedure) of the German KTA 3201.2 standard (similar to the procedure in ASME Section III and French RCC-M Code). The results of this comparison were not satisfactory, because the allowable number of loading cycles was mostly higher than the experimental number of loading cycles. The simplified elastic plastic fatigue analysis was modified in order to correct the results of the numerical lifetime estimation.
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Palević, Milan. "MPLEMENTATION OF THE DIGITAL CONTENT AND DIGITAL SERVICES DIRECTIVE IN GERMANY." In International scientific conference challenges and open issues of service law. Vol. 1. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxmajsko1.031p.
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he subject of the author's attention in this paper is the implementation of Directive (EU) 2019/770 of the European Parliament and the Council of 20.5.2019. on certain aspects of contracts for the delivery of digital content and digital services in German law, more specifically in the German Civil Code (NGZ). The author provides a detailed description of the new provisions of the NGZ, specifically articles 327-327u, and clarifies them where necessary
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Koronaki, I. P., R. I. Christodoulaki, V. D. Papaefthimiou, and E. D. Rogdakis. "Preliminary Investigation of a Liquid Desiccant System for Dehumidification and Cooling in Athens." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63376.
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Liquid desiccant air conditioning systems have recently been attracting attention due to their capability of handling the latent load without super-cooling and then reheating, as happens in the conventional compression-type air conditioning systems. In liquid desiccant cooling cycles, a sorbent solution is employed to dehumidify the air, circulating between the two critical components; the dehumidifier and the regenerator. As the strong desiccant solution is sprayed on top of the internally cooled dehumidifier, it flows down by gravity and comes in contact with the process air. The desiccant solution which, by definition, has a strong affinity for water vapor absorbs moisture from the air. The end of the process finds the air cool and dehumidified and the solution diluted. The diluted desiccant solution enters the regenerator in order to retrieve its initial concentration. Hot water derived from a low temperature source supplies the necessary heat to the solution and the excessive water content is evaporated. At the end of the process, the hot humid air is rejected to the ambient and the concentrated solution is driven to the dehumidifier. The complex heat and mass transfer phenomena, occurring both in the dehumidifier and regenerator, has been the subject of earlier work by the authors. Based on the knowledge gained, a liquid desiccant system was installed at the National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, for experimental purposes. The liquid desiccant system was constructed by the German company L-DCS [1]. The main components of the system are the dehumidifier, the regenerator and the evaporative cooler. The system uses water as the cooling medium and LiCl solution as the desiccant. It also employs two storage tanks, one for the concentrated solution and one for the diluted. The purpose of this publication is to present the newly installed liquid desiccant system, to predict the performance of the dehumidifier and to carry out preliminary design optimization.
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Milosavljević, Miroslav, Isidora Milošević, and Jelena Milosavljevic. "TERMINOLOŠKO I POJMOVNO ODREĐENjE BANKE KAO SUBJEKTA USLUŽNOG PRAVA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.243m.
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In order to determine the essence of the bank, as an economic entity, the authors first determined its definition, both terminologically and conceptually. Furthermore, the theoretical and lexicographic definition of the bank is analyzed, as well as the definitions given in the positive law of the Republic of Serbia and in comparative law, primarily in the states that emerged from the former republics of SFRY, and then in English and German law, as well as the EU. The authors came to the conclusion that there is a common denominator for all analyzed definitions on the basis of which the terminological and conceptual definition of a bank is precisely determined.
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Odiņš, Reinis. "Ieskats personas tiesībās celt prasību par materiāltiesiskajiem prasījumiem daļās." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.16.
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The author provides an insight into the right of a person to bring an action about a part of a substantive claim only by providing an overview of legal practices in Swiss and German legal systems, as well as by looking at the possible historical origins of the right of a person to enforce substantive claims in parts. An initial economic analysis of partial actions is also given by simulating a range of choices of a person using them, and thereby determining economical rationality of potential choices in cases when a person is acting in good or bad faith. The author is of the view that partial actions are a legal possibility under Latvian law.
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Ghenghea, Voichita alexandra. "MACHINE TRANSLATION IN THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-132.
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E-learning has become nowadays a common educational practice especially at tertiary level. For FL-teaching at technical universities CALL (Computer Aided Language Learning) is almost a must since it combines technology with individual language learning experiences. The benefits of CALL are evident as it fosters student centered perspective, interactive learning, learner autonomy, learner motivation etc. This paper addresses the role of CALL as an alternative methodological approach of a larger coverage than traditional language teaching, paying special attention to FL acquisition by engineering students. As the results of this study will show, the FL learning outcomes of students are even improved when combined with the CLIL-approach (Content and Language Integrated Learning ). After discussing machine translation (MT) as opposed to human translation, the author concentrates on a project work (case study) focused on MT of German texts into Romanian and conducted with Bachelor students of the University "Politehnica" of Bucharest. Two corpora were compiled, one containing German nonfictional texts/subject oriented texts and the other one German specialized texts. The goals of the project work were: a) raising students' awareness about the main issues of MT (benefits and challenges); b) sensitizing them to differences between human translation and MT; c) making students aware of the benefits of MT as a tool in developing on the one hand specific study skills and on the other hand future job skills. The project was conducted with two groups of students and covered 4 stages, namely: 1.) introductory lesson about MT and instructions referring to the translation tasks; 2.)error analysis and step by step guided evaluation of the text samples translated by students online; 3.) students' solutions for revising and improving MT and 4.) conclusions. Finally the author asserts that there are a lot of arguments which support the idea that the skills engineering students have acquired in the FL (via CLIL) and in an e-learning environment (CALL) are going to be of great help for their future career development.
Reports on the topic "Low German Authors"
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Collins, Susan, Jennifer Kemp, and Isaac Farley. Introduction to Registering Book Content Webinar, Brazilian Portuguese. Crossref, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/wfmwrcu3sx.
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Livro é um tipo de conteúdo que tem aumentado bastante no Crossref. É uma excelente oportunidade para autores aumentarem a lista de suas publicações, além de proporcionar a disseminação do conteúdo, descoberta por outros leitores e também possibilitar citações. O Crossref tem opções para ajudar a registrar uma variedade de tipos de livros em diferentes fluxos de trabalho – então, junte-se a nós para uma visão geral de por que os livros são importantes para o Crossref e como podemos ajudá-lo. Esse webinar abrangerá: Razões pelas quais você deve registrar livros no Crossref; Melhores práticas para registro de livros; Como registrar metadados de livros; Demonstração de registro de livros e metadados usando o web deposit. Haverá um tempo para perguntas e troca de experiência. Este webinar será útil para editoras, editores, equipes de produção e para os interessados em aprender sobre registro de livros e seus metadados no Crossref. Books are one of Crossref’s fastest-growing content types and an excellent opportunity to improve the scholarly record for authors and increase the discoverability of content. Crossref has options to help register a variety of book types in different workflows so join us for an overview of why books are important to Crossref and how we can help you include yours. The webinar will cover: Reasons why you should register books with Crossref Best practice for books How to register book metadata This webinar should be useful for book publishers, editors, production staff, and anyone else interested in learning more about books and book metadata at Crossref.