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Fritsch, Nina-Sophie, Roland Verwiebe, and Bernd Liedl. "Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland." Comparative Sociology 18, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 449–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507.
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Abstract Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular.
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Heres, S., S. Wagenpfeil, J. Hamann, W. Kissling, and S. Leucht. "Language bias in neuroscience—is the Tower of Babel located in Germany?" European Psychiatry 19, no. 4 (June 2004): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.09.011.
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AbstractIn internal medicine German authors tend to publish randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with non-significant findings in German journals, RCTs with significant findings in international journals. In the neurosciences a similar trend was seen but the findings were not statistically significant. The reason for this inconclusive finding might be the low number of RCTs published in German.
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Boldyrev, Roman, and Jörg Morré. "Organizational Structure, Channels and Methods of Propaganda Work of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany, 1945–1949." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (October 2019): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.5.15.
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Introduction. The paper deals with the issues of the propaganda system in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany (SOZ) between 1945 and 1949. Based on de-classified documents from Russian Archives propaganda organization, channels and methods of propaganda units of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAG) became a subject to study. The authors emphasize on control means towards German mass media and implementing the Soviet propaganda monopoly in East Germany. Methods and materials. The authors consequently analyze the main channels and methods of positive USSR image broadcasting: radio, press, SMAG propaganda unit lectures, people’s education system, activities of society for Soviet cultural studies, acquaintance trips of German delegations to the USSR, presentations of Soviet exhibitions and films. Analysis and Results. The authors come to a conclusion that the Soviet propaganda in East Germany had a low efficiency. It failed to establish a complete monopoly of Soviet propaganda units in East Germany. The SOZ population could access the propaganda from West Germany and West Berlin, which broadcast a radically negative image of the USSR. Besides, the units and institutions of the Group of Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany (GSOTG) created their own image of Soviet people, which was different from the ideal and broadcast one. Thus, it turned out to be impossible to provide the unification of the broadcast and perception of propagandist materials devoted to the USSR and its population. Soviet propaganda in Germany had gone through the transition by the late 1940s: division of Germany in two states appeared to be a reality, and the establishment of socialist society on Stalin’s model took place in East Germany. Ideological revisiting of the Soviet social constitution, and so its supremacy over the bourgeois one was to replace the conventional image of the country of total welfare and happiness.
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Mulska, Olga, and Ihor Baranyak. "Formation of the forecasting model for Ukrainian – German migration system." Economy and Forecasting 2019, no. 2 (2019): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.02.119.
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The article presents results of the research on the population's migration activity in the context of the formation of a new migration system (MS), such as the Ukrainian-German one. It has been determined that the expansion of the scale and diversification of the composition of migratory flows intensify their influence on contemporary demographic, socio-economic and ethno-cultural processes both in the donor country and in the recipient country. It is proved that the consideration of the migration component has become necessary in developing the demographic, social and economic, foreign and ethno-cultural strategies of the country's development. Authors present a technique to construct forecasts of migration activity in the conditions of formation of the Ukrainian-German migration system. It is based on a three-stage algorithm: 1) forecasting the size and structure of the population of Germany and Ukraine; 2) forecasting macroeconomic indicators and conditions of labour markets of Germany and Ukraine; and 3) forecasting the volumes of potential migration in the conditions of formation of the investigated MS (Ukraine-Germany). Based on the projection of the German population by 2060, and taking into account variations in the volume of immigration in the country, authors prove that a significant deformation of the age structure of the indigenous population as a result of the nation's 'hyper-aging' may lead to a demographic collapse, which makes it impossible for the country's economic growth to result in shortages of high-skilled workforce in the labour market. The arguments presented confirm the hypothesis of the dependence of the German economy on the immigration flows of human resources. On the basis of the constructed economic-mathematical model, the authors estimated the probable variants of further development of the UGMS for medium-term (by 2025) and long-term (until 2030) perspectives under different developmental scenarios (the benchmark, optimistic, tendentious, and pessimistic ones). The investigation has shown that during 2025-2030 in Ukraine, the demographic and, as a result, labour-saving crisis, caused by the emigration of human resources in young and middle age, coupled with low fertility rates, will aggravate in Ukraine. In this context, the feasibility of constructing a new migration policy with the effect of replacing the workforce has been substantiated. This publication is prepared withing the research project on "Migration activity of the population of the Carpathian region" (state registration No 0119U002010).
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Beckers, E., M. Van Poucke, L. Ronsyn, and L. Peelman. "Frequency estimation of disease-causing mutations in the Belgian population of some dog breeds." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 85, no. 4 (August 29, 2016): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v85i4.16327.
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In light of improving breeding advice, the frequency was estimated for all the disease-causing mutations that were known at the start of the study and that are potentially relevant for a group of dog breeds, which are relatively popular or in which the genetic diversity in Belgium is low to moderately low. In this study, the results for the German shepherd dog, Malinois, Lakenois, Groenendael, Tervuren, Australian shepherd and Border collie are presented. Disorders with a frequency high enough to warrant routine genotyping for breeding programs are (1) multidrug resistance 1 and hereditary cataract for the Australian shepherd, (2) degenerative myelopathy for the German shepherd dog, Malinois and Groenendael and (3) collie eye anomaly for the Border collie. In addition, the hyperuricosuria mutation described in the German shepherd dog was not found in its Belgian population, but was, to the authors’ knowledge discovered for the first time in the Malinois.
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Krause, Thomas. "Networking across the North Sea: The Influence of German Civilian Authors on Sir George MacKenzie's “Laws and Customs of Scotland on Matters Criminal”." Edinburgh Law Review 22, no. 3 (September 2018): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2018.0504.
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In his treatise “The Laws and Customs of Scotland in Matters Criminal”, which was first published in 1678, Sir George Mackenzie gave the first thorough account of Scots criminal law. Being heavily influenced by Roman and Civil Law authorities most of the latter ones hail from Italy, France, the Low Countries, and Spain. There are, however, also a number of German civilian authors Mackenzie relies on. Their influence on his line of argumentation is the subject of Thomas Krause's article.
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Štefčík, Jozef, and Zuzana Gašová. "CREATING A GERMAN-SLOVAK HUNTING TERMINOLOGY DATABASE." Folia linguistica et litteraria XIII, no. 39 (February 2022): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.16.
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The paper strives to introduce terminology tools in creating a German Slovak terminology database of the relevant specialized terms used in hunting in the context of the diversity of available resources and verification tools such as the German and Slovak national corpora. The focus will be on corpora as verification tools and their role in creating a terminology database. In addition, we will consider the principle of the diversity of existing sources. The theoretical basis is grounded in corpus linguistics, technical language, terminology work, and semantics. The authors of the study being presented have explored corpora as a relevant tool in terms of quantity and quality. The German and Slovak national corpus serves as an indicator of rare terms – with a low occurrence presupposing a higher professional level of specialized lexemes. The approach of common or zero occurrence in national corpora needs to be implemented into terminology work and creating terminology databases. Thus, the authors of the study use, compare, and analyze the German federal corpus – DWDS (Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache) and the Slovak national corpus (SNK). In the process of terminological search in the canons, they have applied homogenous search criteria. As a result of the analysis underpinned with concrete examples from the hunting field, they demonstrate a procedure for creating a terminological database of a specialized domain. Overall, they attempt to deliver an innovative approach combining the latest knowledge in linguistics and terminology work.
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Rushforth, Ian, Andy Moorhouse, and Peter Styles. "A Case Study of Low Frequency Noise Assessed Using DIN 45680 Criteria." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 21, no. 4 (December 2002): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026309202321834636.
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This paper describes a case study in which low frequency noise was suspected of causing disturbance in a semi-rural location close to an industrial estate. Previous attempts using conventional acoustic measurement techniques to resolve the case, or even prove the existence of a real acoustic problem, had proved unsuccessful. In the present study, the authors applied a novel integrated acoustic/microseismic measurement system, and assessed the resultant data using criteria from the German national standard DIN 45680. Using this approach, the authors successfully resolved the low frequency noise problem and, after a test involving a sequential shutdown at a suspect industrial site, established the precise cause of the disturbance. The paper thus supports the criteria in DIN 45680 as a predictor of annoyance due to low frequency noise and as an aid in resolving such problems. It also illustrates the flexibility of the combined acoustic/microseismic technique and the advantages of the method over conventional techniques.
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Zaritskiy, B. E. "The Role of Banks and Stock Market in the German Economy." World of new economy 12, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-4-93-108.
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Relevance. The purpose of this article is to analyse particular features of the modern situation in of the banking and stock market sectors of the Federal Republic of Germany. Some of the topical characteristics of the development of the German banking system during the last years are as follows: The restructuration of the Lands Banks, which was in the centre of the financial crisis of 2008–09; Continuing attempts to reorganise the Deutsche Bank which was and is in continued failure of profits; The decrease in inter-banking credits on the background of expected abandonment of the policy of “quantitative easing”. On the other hand, following a series of unlucky attempts by Deutsche Boerse to establish an alliance with the largest World’s Stock Exchanges, Frankfurt hope to get even with London and become European “financial capital” after Brexit completed.Methods. By analysis of publications edited by EU, ECB, Bundesbank, related German agencies, and also books and articles written by Russian and foreign authors this text demonstrates the changes within the structure of the German banking sector and the strong and weak aspects of the stock market of this country. The author used system’s approach and historical and statistical methods to allow the making of a holistic analysis of the selected topic in its development, as well as ranging statistical data properly and drawing up some conclusions regarding the eventual scenario of further development.Results. This research provided a background for the conclusion that the world financial and economic crisis of 2008–09 has more strongly affected the German banking sector than in former considerations. The leading banking institutions of the country such as Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank are in a hard financial situation. Relatively limited capital adequacy and low level of profitability of the majority of German banks represent important limits for its international activities. Meanwhile, the German stock market remains underdeveloped and therefore plays a subordinated role in financing companies.Prospects. The outcomes of this research could be useful for the assessment of long-term perspectives of the socioeconomic and innovative development of Germany which remains the biggest economy of the EU.
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Szymaniec, Piotr, and Lech Kurowski. "Polityka gospodarcza III Rzeszy w ujęciu polskich ekonomistów tamtego czasu." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 41, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.41.2.3.
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ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE THIRD REICH PRESENTED BY POLISH ECONOMISTS OF THE 1930S AND 1940SThe aim of this paper is to present Polish pre-war literature on Nazi economic policy and to compare Leopold Caro’s views with analyses of a well-known postwar economist, Paweł Sulmicki, presented in his doctoral thesis of 1946. The comparison of these two interpretations enables the authors to show not only the change of views on the totalitarian economy of Germany, but also the transformations that took place in the Polish theory of economics at that time. In terms of methodology, the work of Leopold Caro published in 1938 did not go beyond what the German historical school offered. Paweł Sulmicki, on the other hand, explained the processes taking place in the German economy from the point of view of the theory of multiplier which was relatively new at that time. Sulmicki did not explicitly state that the phenomena analyzed by him were paradoxes in the light of Keynesian theory, but he described the factors that led to the success of the economic policy at a low level of the multiplier.
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Dykstra, Robert R. "Evident Bias in Thomas J. Kehoe and E. James Kehoe, “Crimes Committed by U.S. Soldiers in Europe, 1945–1946”." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 47, no. 3 (November 2016): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_c_01016.
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The horrifying record of rape by Soviet troops in postwar Germany has long been a matter of record. What is new is the argument that the behavior of American GIs in the European Theater of Operations was little better than that of the Russians. Inspired by a new study alleging that some 190,000 German girls and women were raped by U.S. servicemen, the Kehoes maintain that official military statistics from 1945-46 confirm such high levels of sexual predation. It can now be said with confidence, they assert, that “U.S. soldiers raped and assaulted civilians with frightening abandon.” Yet this generalization and others like it are not supported by the authors’ own data, which instead repeatedly display low rape figures. The Kehoes’ reliance on theorizing to overcome this deficiency is clearly unconvincing.
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Schiereck, Dirk, and Julian Trillig. "Regulatory changes and the volatility of stock returns – the German solar energy sector." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 8, no. 2 (May 27, 2014): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-11-2012-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of political risk on the German solar energy industry. The authors analyze the period from 2006 to mid-2011, when the technological development of this sector was remarkable while the whole industry is depending on political support and subsidies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply an EGARCH model assessing potential changes in conditional volatility response of solar industry stock returns following political risk events. Findings – The results document major changes in political support of the solar industry drive capital market risk. Whereby favorable political news significantly decrease volatility response and unfavorable political news do not affect volatility response. Moreover, the authors find that the volatility response varies with the exposure to political risk. Companies with higher exposure to political risk show more significant volatility response. Practical implications – Political risk affects the cost of capital of companies in this sector. Thus, managers are able to time equity measures in a way that they can determine periods when the investor's required return is low due to a reduced risk premium. The authors suggest risk reducing public policy facilitates investments in those industries and thus fosters the development and diffusion of immature technologies. Originality/value – The paper helps policy makers, managers, and investors to assess the impact of political risk on the overall risk of the German solar energy sector and in a broader view of immature or high-tech industries that depend crucially on governmental support.
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Hahn, Jonas, Jens Hirsch, and Sven Bienert. "Does “clean” pay off? Housing markets and their perception of heating technology." Property Management 36, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 575–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-08-2017-0051.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of distinct types of heating technology and their price impact in German residential real estate markets, considering a wide range of other housing market determinants. The authors aim to test and to verify specifically, whether the obsolescence of heating technology leads to a significant price discount and whether higher technological standards (and environmental friendliness) come with a price premium on the market.Design/methodology/approachThe authors create housing market models for rental and sales segments by constructing generalized additive models with explicit multi-layered spatial components. To elaborate a profound and contemporary answer using these models, the authors perform large-sample regression analyses based on more than 400,000 observations covering German residential properties in 2015.FindingsFirst and foremost, the heating system indeed shows significant explanatory importance for measuring housing rents and purchasing price. Second, the authors find that it makes a difference whether clean “green” technologies are implemented or whether “brown” systems with obsolete technology or fossil energy sources is on hand. Ultimately, the authors conclude that while low energy consumption indeed comes with a price premium, this needs to be interpreted together with the property’s heating type, as housing markets seem to outweigh the “green premium” by “brown discounts” if low energy consumption figures are powered by a certain type of heating technology system.Research limitations/implicationsAside of a possible omitted variable bias, the main research limitation is constituted by the integration of asking prices in the analysis, as actual transaction prices are not systematically transparent on national level in Germany. Limitations are discussed at the end of the paper.Practical implicationsThis work supports investors who face the challenge of making environmental- and energy-related decisions as well as appraisers who deliver financial fundamentals for such. Third, the paper supports both asset managers as well as investment strategists in argumentation pro-environmental investments beyond all ecological necessity.Social implicationsThis paper contributes to the current discussion on climate change and the eclectic role of real estate in this context. The authors deliver evidence on pricing effects as a measure of socioeconomic acceptance of progressive heating technology and environmental friendliness as an imperative of twenty-first century societies.Originality/valueThis is the first study on “green premiums” or “brown discounts” that includes heating technology as a potential and distinct driver of value and rents. It is a contemporary contribution and delivers original information on the quantitative impact of contemporary and anachronistic technology in heating to researchers as well as investors and appraisers.
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Hirsch, Jens, and Jonas Hahn. "How flood risk impacts residential rents and property prices." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 36, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-11-2016-0088.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of 100-year flood risk on both property rents and values in Germany, exemplified by the market of the historic city of Regensburg, and therefore supports investors in understanding market behavior patterns in both rental and investment context. Design/methodology/approach The authors construct two generalized additive models for rents and purchasing prices with spatial components and under inclusion of both typical property characteristics (as control variables) and a 100-year flood risk parameter in order to estimate its effect on the rents and property price structure. The authors apply the methodology to a four-year data set of more than 16,500 observations. Findings The analysis shows that flood risk is a highly significant parameter when estimating both the rent as well as the sales price model. The authors also find that purchase prices for one square meter of living area are, on average, EUR299 lower if the property is located in the flood risk zone. In addition, also rental markets come with a respective, but rather low, discount. Practical implications The authors provide transparency to investors in terms of the impact that a flood risk location has on property rents as well as purchasing prices. The study supports investors by providing evidence on reaction patterns in German real estate markets and helps quantifying the financial impact that comes with flood risk in Germany. Originality/value This is the first study that aims to empirically test and to quantify the impact of flood risk on property rents and purchasing prices in Germany. Related research has been performed for the USA, Ireland and New Zealand and largely refers to event-driven work or rather conceptual in the context of property valuation.
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Bohdalová, Mária, and Michal Greguš. "IMPACT OF UNCERTAINTY ON EUROPEAN MARKET INDICES QUANTILE REGRESSION APPROACH." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 22, 2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.902.
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Contemporary Europe needs to make important collective economic and foreign-policy decisions. Many authors argue that uncertainty has influence on the markets’ behavior. Therefore, we have decided to analyze the impact of the uncertainty on the returns and the volatility of two major European market indices Germany (DAX) and the U.K. (FTSE 100) across selected quantiles. We present results for the time-period from January 3, 2000 to December 30, 2016. As influential factors, we consider the Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices for Europe, the United Kingdom, Brexit and low prices of the crude oil. In our paper, we have found an asymmetric dependence of the analyzed market indices on the selected factors. EPU Brexit had no or weak impact on the analyzed data. Our conclusion shows to investors how sensitive German and English markets are to the uncertainty in Europe.
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Hüttinger, Maik, and Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis. "RYANIZATION: HOW ONE EUROPEAN AIRLINE EXEMPLIFIES THE “MCDONALDIZATION” MODEL." Ekonomika 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2010.0.989.
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The low-fare airline business has dramatically changed the face of commercial aviation in Europe. The main idea and strategy of airlines following this approach is to focus on cheap fares rather than comfort for passengers. However, the majority of low-fare airlines do not simply copy a given system of their competitors; rather, they design their own strategy by implementing various elements which can be considered as “low-fare”-related. The authors of this article seek to lay a theoretical groundwork in the analysis of low-fare airlines. We employ the “McDonaldization” model of economic sociologist George Ritzer, which was heavily influenced by the German economist and sociologist Max Weber, to analyze cost-saving methods of the Irish airline Ryanair.The authors show how McDonaldization is able to mirror and describe this current trend in the aviation business. According to the results of this study, ‘Ryanair’ (and not its American counterpart Southwest Airlines often used as a synonym for low-fare airlines) is the airline which has most radically applied the low-fare idea.
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Khrystoforova, Olena M., Maryna S. Tatar, Olena A. Sergienko, and Maksym V. Babenko. "Opportunities of Ukrainians’ Adaptation in Germany and Positive German Experience Implementation in the Development of Social Programs in Ukraine." Business Inform 10, no. 537 (2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-10-97-107.
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Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine Germany is among the countries that have accepted the largest number of refugees from Ukraine. Despite the financial support of Germany to Ukrainian citizens, the solvency of Ukrainians, the sufficiency of their savings accumulated in Ukraine for living in Germany, the opportunities and problems for adaptation in Germany associated with the language barrier, the need for retraining of specialists in many specialties, problems for buying own housing in Germany, etc. remain a topical issue. The main indicators of the development of Germany and Ukraine, the comparison of living standards of the population in these countries, and the level of social security are considered in the article. The results of the study showed that the Ukrainian system of providing social assistance is imperfect, as there is no single Social Code, in contrast, there is an undeveloped institution of social inspection, and a low level of social benefits. At the same time, the level of protection of citizens in Ukraine is much lower than in Germany. In Ukraine, the wage level is not competitive. Ukrainians spend almost half of their income on the basic food needs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine should include both the necessary financing and the necessary reforms in Ukraine. The authors analyze the characteristic features of the German social assistance system, among which are: financing of the vast majority of social benefits at the expense of insurance contributions; unity and orderliness of social legislation; high level of development of the institute of social inspection, which is a guarantee for the objective assignment of social assistance; high level of social protection of refugees, which is a prerequisite for public peace and social stability; individual approach to the assignment of unemployment social assistance, which contributes to a lower level of unemployment compared to other European countries. The carried out research makes possible to substantiate the directions of the introduction of the German experience into the Ukrainian system of providing social services.
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Sutanti, Natri, Marc Alexander Dreßler, and Luky Kurniawan. "Contemporary Educational Perspective of Indonesian and German Students." Buletin Konseling Inovatif 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um059v3i22023p122-132.
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Each country and even the region has its own policies in the implementation of education, starting from primary education to higher education. Each individual also has a different learning experience, even though they pursue the same education. In this article, two former students of a person-centred experiential counselling and psychotherapy course in the UK reflect on their personal experiences in education in Germany and Indonesia, as well as how their previous experiences varied from the experiential education. Common themes in both accounts of traditional education were a pressure to be the best, a loss of interest in the studies due to the pressure, a wish to be invisible as a student, and a learned low failure tolerance. The person-centred experiential learning experience is in both accounts described as liberating and encouraging independent learning. The authors argue that freedom and autonomy are important in an educational setting especially in the industrial era 4.0. Currently, the extent of freedom in education or independent learning is greatly influenced by the policies that exist in each country
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Riketta, Michael, and Angela Landerer. "ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND WORK BEHAVIOR: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, no. 7 (January 1, 2002): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.7.653.
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The authors postulated that attitudinal organizational commitment (AOC) and accountability to an external audience mutually moderate their relationships with work behavior. These hypotheses were tested for two types of work behavior (in-role performance and organizational citizenship behavior), using self-report data from 63 employees of a German healthservice organization. As expected, the correlation between AOC and in-role performance was higher for low as opposed to high accountability, and the correlation between accountability and in-role performance was higher for low as opposed to high AOC. Contrary to expectations, no moderator effects occurred for organizational citizenship behavior.
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Koos, Jessica A. "German-Language Websites Containing Information About Rare Diseases Lack Quality Indicators." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29830.
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A Review of: Pauer, F., Litzkendorf, S., Göbel, J., Storf, H., Zeidler, J., & Graf von der Schulenburg, J.-M. (2017). Rare diseases on the Internet: An assessment of the quality of online information. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(1), e23. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7056 Abstract Objective – To evaluate the quality of the information contained in websites about rare diseases and to determine if quality varies based on the supplier category of the website. Design – Questionnaire and content analysis. Setting – Germany Subjects – 693 German-language websites Methods – Websites were identified through a Google search: All 8,000 rare diseases (as listed on Orphanet) and their synonyms were entered into Google; the first 20 results for each disease were scanned for sites written in German. A questionnaire designed to measure the quality of information found on the websites was mailed to each identified website provider. For those who did not respond, the survey was completed by the authors using information from the site. A t test was used to examine differences in the quality of information among the types of information providers. Main Results – A total of 693 information suppliers were identified. The suppliers completed 17.7% of the surveys; the other 82.3% were completed by the authors. The majority of information providers were patient organizations/support groups (38.8%) followed by medical institutions (26.8%). Information provided by individuals had the lowest quality rating. There were no statistically significant differences between the quality of information supplied by patient support groups and medical institutions. The highest quality rating was provided by associations/sponsoring bodies. Conclusion – There is not much information available on the Internet regarding rare diseases. Patient support groups and organizations are the largest provider of information. The overall quality rating of information on rare disease websites was found to be low, particularly in areas of accessibility. Website providers should be made aware of how to produce websites of higher quality with greater accessibility.
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Langbroek, Erika, and Francis Brands. "Große Helden in unruhigen Zeiten." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 76, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 379–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340041.
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The many similarities between two late-medieval novels, the High German Herzog Herpin and the Low German Valentyn vnde Namelos, have led the authors to the following considerations. What function did the Herpin have for the highborn young in wide circles of the impoverished nobility in the fifteenth century? And could one see in Namelos vnde Valentyn in the Hanseatic North an attempt to imitate the South, namely, as an indication of the growing awareness of a northerly new “nobility”, of the prosperous merchant on the Baltic coast? Die vielen Übereinstimmungen zwischen zwei spätmittelalterlichen Romanen, dem hochdeutschen Herzog Herpin und dem niederdeutschen Valentyn vnde Namelos haben zu den folgenden Erwägungen geführt: Welche Funktion hatte der Herpin für die adlige Jugend in weiten Kreisen des verarmten Adels im 15. Jahrhundert? Und könnte man in Namelos vnde Valentyn im hanseatischen Norden einen Versuch sehen, es dem Süden nachzumachen, nämlich als Zeichen des zunehmenden Bewusstseins eines nördlichen neuen ‘Adels’, des wohlhabenden Kaufmannes an der Ostseeküste? This article is in German Language.
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Kluve, Jochen, and Sebastian Schmitz. "Back to Work: Parental Benefits and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in the Medium Run." ILR Review 71, no. 1 (May 23, 2017): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917710933.
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The authors estimate policy impacts of a generous parental benefit in Germany by using a natural experiment and German census data. They estimate policy effects for the short run (first two years after childbirth) as well as for the medium run (that is, three to five years after childbirth). Although the results confirm the evidence from previous studies for the short run, pronounced patterns emerge for the medium run. First, effects on mothers’ employment probability are positive, significant, and large, ranging up to 10%. These gains are driven primarily by increases in part-time employment and working hours but also by full-time employment for high-income mothers. Moreover, mothers return to their previous employers at significantly higher rates, and employers reward this by raising job quality. The overall positive and sizeable impacts of the reform are centered on mothers from the medium and high terciles of the income distribution; low-income mothers do not benefit.
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Ramanathan, Usha, Sandar Win, and Andreas Wien. "A SERVQUAL approach to identifying the influences of service quality on leasing market segment in the German financial sector." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 6 (August 6, 2018): 1935–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-12-2016-0194.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the nature of the relationship between service quality and desired customer behaviours in the leasing market using an appropriate service quality measurement model. The authors take a step further by recognising the possible differences in influence of service quality in private and corporate customers, and those business dealings with low, medium and high lease values. Design/methodology/approach The authors use deduction method to test the SERVQUAL in the German leasing market and the relationship between customer satisfaction and desired behavioural outcomes. The developed questionnaire is based on the 22-item scale of the SERVQUAL approach. Samples are selected based on convenience sampling. Findings The authors found differences in the levels of influence by SERVQUAL dimensions on corporate and private customers as well as among those customers with different leasing contract values. From the regression analyses, it is clear that “assurance” from the leasing company is the most common SERVQUAL dimension that has significant impact on overall service quality perceptions and obtaining customers satisfaction and loyalty (behavioural outcomes). Originality/value The authors recognised that all financial services are not created equally to meet customer demands. Hence, the customer expectations of service quality from these services will be different. The authors contributed to the marketing literature by studying customer perceptions of service quality by specifying financing aspects of financial services, i.e. leasing. The authors further contributed to the literature of SERVQUAL model in financial services by dividing customers into two different types of customers and those with diverse leasing contract values. The authors found that priorities given on service quality dimensions by them are different. These concepts were never considered in the literature. This also implies that future studies on financial services marketing need to recognise such differences in the research.
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Lengfeld, Holger, and Clemens Ohlert. "Do internal labour markets protect the unskilled from low payment? Evidence from Germany." International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 6 (September 7, 2015): 874–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-01-2014-0033.
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Purpose – Up to date, it remains an unresolved issue how firms shape inequality in interaction with mechanisms of stratification at the individual and occupational-level. Accordingly, the authors ask whether workers of different occupational classes are affected to different degrees by between-firm wage inequality. In light of the recent rise of overall wage inequality, answers to this question can contribute to a better understanding of the role firms play in this development. The authors argue and empirically test that whether workers are able to benefit from firms’ internal or external strategies for flexibility depends on resources available at the individual and occupational level. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Matched employer-employee data from official German labour market statistics are used to estimate firm-specific wage components, which are then regressed on structural characteristics of firms. Findings – Between-firm wage effects of internal labour markets are largest among unskilled workers and strongly pronounced among qualified manual workers. Effects are clearly smaller among classes of qualified and high-qualified non-manual workers but have risen sharply for the latter class from 2005 to 2010. Social implications – The most disadvantaged workers in the labour market are also most contingent upon employers’ increasingly heterogeneous policies of recruitment and remuneration. Originality/value – This paper combines insights from sociological and economic labour market research in order to formulate and test the new hypothesis that between-firm wage effects of internal labour markets are larger for unskilled than for qualified workers.
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Blumberga, Solveiga, and Mara Vilcane. "Integration of Latvian Immigrants in Germany Throuch Psychological Well-being and Engagement with the Cultural Community." European Integration Studies 1, no. 16 (September 6, 2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.16.31164.
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To raise and/ or increase a psychological well-being of Latvian immigrants in Germany and facilitate their integration, the Latvian Association where Latvian immigrants have an opportunity to come together, mark holidays, cherish traditions, as well as get involved in amateur art groups, has been founded. Some quantitative studies on immigrants’ satisfaction with life in Germany are available, but studies on the Latvian immigrants in Germany have not been conducted so far. The aim of the study is to research the psychological well-being of Latvian immigrants and their engagement with their cultural community in Germany. To define 6 dimensions of well-being in a sample of the Latvian immigrants in Germany, survey on psychological well-being, and a survey developed by the authors on attracting immigrants to the community were used as data collection methods. Findings of the research showed that, the most important dimensions of the psychological well-being of the Latvian immigrants are described by articles of the Life Purpose scale. It means that the Latvian immigrants in Germany strive to fulfil their goals and make their lives better with purpose to integrate into the German environment. Respondents rated high also the Environmental Mastery dimension, meaning that Latvian immigrants are able to provide for their daily needs abroad. Articles of the Personal Growth scale were rated low. It shows the fact that the Latvian immigrants are unable to facilitate their personal growth, though in Germany they receive higher salary than in Latvia, as this salary is still in the low-wage segment of Germany. The Autonomy scale resonating with the status of immigrants and their dependence on various authorities is also evaluated very low. Articles related to the Affiliation scale showed that the most important engagement factors for the Latvian immigrants in Germany were emotions, Latvian traditions, and Latvian’s. The Inspiring People scale received the lowest evaluation among the engagement factors. In addition, the Distance factor was evaluated with low scores, what can be explained in two ways – either the Association is too far from the place of residence or the distance is insignificant, and some Latvians will visit the Association, regardless of it. Keywords: immigrants, psychological well-being, integration, immigrants’ engagement, Latvian Association
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Tveten, Åsa Grytli, and Torjus Folsland Bolkesjø. "Energy system impacts of the Norwegian-Swedish TGC market." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2014-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the power market and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission effects of the joint Norwegian–Swedish tradable green certificates (TGCs) market, which is established to support investments according to a 26.4 TWh increased annual renewable electricity generation (REG) by 2020. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies an energy system model with high granularity in time and space, and detailed power system data for the Nordic countries, Germany, The Netherlands and UK. Findings – The results show that the TGC scheme will cause a 8.7-9.3 /MWh reduction in average electricity prices in the Nordic countries. The price decrease will to a limited extent pass through to Germany, The Netherlands and UK. When assuming a low carbon price level, the new REG will reduce annual GHG emissions by 10.9 Mtonnes in 2020, primarily through substitution of German natural gas power. A sensitivity analysis shows that the GHG emission effect of the TGCs is highly sensitive to changes in the carbon price. Investment levels up to a 90 TWh increased REG per year are found to cause increasing GHG emission reductions. Originality/value – The study results signal the importance of taking the TGC policy into account in decision-making processes in the Northern European power system, in particular for market actors in the Nordic area. The authors conclude that the Nordic countries potentially can play a vital role in a future Northern European low carbon power system through export of green balancing power, substitution of thermal power and reduced GHG emissions from the Northern European power sector.
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Laugesen, Miriam J., and Michael K. Gusmano. "Commentary: Global Comparisons of Physician Associations." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 46, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8970924.
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Abstract The authors reflect on their own work in relation to the articles in this special section on physician organizations, and they make four observations. First, association-government power relations shift after countries introduce universal health insurance, but they are by no means diminished. In France, Germany, and Japan, physicians' economic interests are explicitly considered against broader health system goals, such as providing affordable universal insurance. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), physician organizations do not share power in the same way. Second, in higher-income countries, fragmentation may occur along specialty or generalist lines, and some physicians are unionized. Generally speaking, physician influence over reimbursement policy is reduced because of organizational fragmentation. Third, associations develop as legitimate voices for physicians, but their relationship to other professions differs in higher-income countries. Associations in LMICs form coalitions with other health professionals. Finally, although German state physician associations have a key implementation role, in most countries, state and federal policy roles seem relatively defined. Global comparison of the LMICs and other countries suggests power, unity, legitimacy, and federal roles are tied closely to the stage of health system development.
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Rebrina, Larisa, and Ekatherina Chukina. "Transfer of Evaluative Contexts When Subtitling Film Translation (in German and Russian Languages)." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001143.
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The article presents the results of studying the patterns of evaluative meanings transfer when translating and subtitling films of various genres from German to Russian. Material for the study serves the original version and the translation of a military drama, a melodrama, a comedy, and a detective. The authors used the descriptive, comparative method, the methods of contextual, definitional analysis, quantitative calculations. The object of study includes the fragments of film dialogues in the source (German) language and the language of translation (Russian). The specificity of subtitling depends on the need of strict regarding the spatial and temporal parameters of the film text. Evaluation is interpreted as a semantic-pragmatic category (the impact involving appropriate semantization which is consistent with elocution through selecting the semantically relevant language). It is determined that the verbal component in the studied film text is highly informative, providing low complementarity of verbal and non-verbal components; the positive and negative evaluations are realized at the same frequency which is associated with a variety of topics and genres of films; the most frequent translational transformations, used in transferring evaluative meanings when subtitling, are synonymous substitutions, modulation technique, literal translation and specification; the most relevant methods of text compression, in this case, are a generalization and simplification. The authors verified the hypothesis of relevance for transferring the evaluative meaning through subtitling such elements of the valuation structure and the parameters of its verbalization as a type of evaluativity, object, basis, nature, degree, level of language expressions of evaluation, which detect differences between the source text and the text of translation. There are also stated the parameters which characterize the transfer of evaluative meanings and are the most resistant/stable to transformation and the most sensitive to transformation.
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Hahn, Jonas, Verena Keil, Thomas Wiegelmann, and Sven Bienert. "Office properties through the interest cycle." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 34, no. 5 (August 1, 2016): 432–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-01-2016-0006.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of changes in macro-economic conditions going forward, focusing on a change in interest policy, with regard to office letting and investment markets. Design/methodology/approach – For this analysis, the authors constructed two vector-autoregressive models, measuring the response of office rents and capital values in Germany to economic impulses. The authors isolated effects of unique exogenous positive shocks (such as economic growth or interest leaps) on the basis of impulse-response functions in order to understand the complex dynamic interdependence between several economic factors and office performance changes. Findings – The authors initially find a moderately positive development of both office performance components even although supposing an increase in interest level. In terms of capital values, the authors find that they do not drop before 1.5 years after the interest impulse and the negative effect peaks after approximately nine quarters. Furthermore, the reaction to a change in GDP is significantly lower than a reaction to the interest rate, but impulses in other macro-economic factors provoke stronger reactions. Finally, the authors find that a positive interest shock leads to a comparably robust development and economic sustainability in office rents throughout a consideration horizon of 24 quarters. Research limitations/implications – Estimations are based on observations from a time period containing two rather extraordinary market phases. As they included bubble growth and the low-interest environment, the authors find that certain patterns in both phases neutralize each other when looking at the total time frame. The authors constructed sub-samples to compensate for this. However, the research does not provide to what extent the measured impulse-responses stay forecast-proof, if the market moves into a phase of short-term normalization. Practical implications – This paper provides insights into estimated impulse-response patterns on a hypothetical sudden increase of several macro-economic determinants. On this basis, the probable reaction to an increase in, for example, the interest rate level can be approximated. Also, the paper provides a fundamental understanding of the economic sustainability of German office properties in terms of their value and rent performance in the case of exogenous shocks. Originality/value – This paper contains the first vector-autoregressive, impulse-response analysis of office markets in Germany in the context of several macro-economic drivers, including the interest level. It delivers insights into market reaction patterns on the basis of simulated one standard deviation shocks in all included variables.
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Hirsch, Boris, Elke J. Jahn, and Claus Schnabel. "Do Employers Have More Monopsony Power in Slack Labor Markets?" ILR Review 71, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 676–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917720383.
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This article confronts monopsony theory’s predictions regarding workers’ wages with observed wage patterns over the business cycle. Using German administrative data for the years 1985 to 2010 and an estimation framework based on duration models, the authors construct a time series of the labor supply elasticity to the firm and estimate its relationship to the unemployment rate. They find that firms possess more monopsony power during economic downturns. Half of this cyclicality stems from workers’ job separations being less wage driven when unemployment rises, and the other half mirrors that firms find it relatively easier to poach workers. Results show that the cyclicality is more pronounced in tight labor markets with low unemployment, and that the findings are robust to controlling for time-invariant unobserved worker or plant heterogeneity. The authors further document that cyclical changes in workers’ entry wages are of similar magnitude as those predicted under pure monopsonistic wage setting.
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Kohler, Michael, Daniel W. O’Hagan, Matthias Weiss, David Wegner, Josef Worms, and Oliver Bringmann. "Statistical Analysis of Bistatic Radar Ground Clutter for Different German Rural Environments." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113311.
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This article presents the statistical analysis of bistatic radar rural ground clutter for different terrain types under low grazing angles. Compared to most state-of-the-art analysis, we present country-specific clutter analysis for subgroups of rural environments rather than for the rural environment as a whole. Therefore, the rural environment analysis is divided into four dominant subgroup terrain types, namely fields with low vegetation, fields with high vegetation, plantations of small trees and forest environments representing a typical rural German environment. We will present the results for both the summer and the winter vegetation. Therefore, bistatic measurement campaigns have been carried out during the summer 2019 and the winter of 2019/20 in the aforementioned four different rural terrain types. The measurements were performed in the radar relevant X-band at a center frequency of 8.85 GHz and over a bandwidth of 100 MHz according to available transmit permission. The distinction of the rural terrain into different subgroups enables a more precise and accurate clutter analysis and modeling of the statistical properties as will be shown in the presented results. The statistical properties are derived from the calculated clutter amplitudes probability density functions and corresponding cumulative distribution functions for each of the four terrain types and the corresponding season. The data basis for the clutter analysis are the processed range-Doppler maps from the bistatic radar measurements. According to the authors’ current knowledge, a similar investigation based on real bistatic radar measurement data with the division into terrain subgroups has not yet been carried out and published for a German rural environment.
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Huffman, Matt L., Joe King, and Malte Reichelt. "Equality for Whom? Organizational Policies and the Gender Gap across the German Earnings Distribution." ILR Review 70, no. 1 (October 14, 2016): 16–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793916673974.
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Work establishments are critical for the creation and maintenance of gender inequality. Organizational practices, most notably those that formalize personnel systems or target gender inequality, are often assumed to have uniform effects on inequality across the wage hierarchy. This assumption has eluded careful empirical scrutiny. The authors estimate unconditional quantile regressions with a unique German linked employer-employee data set to assess whether formalized human resource practices, female-friendly diversity measures, and the availability of workplace child care facilities affect wage inequality differently across the wage distribution. While these policies reduce gender inequality in general, they do so more strongly near the bottom of the earnings distribution. Policies that formalize personnel systems and explicitly promote female employees are particularly advantageous to women in low-wage jobs. These results suggest that gender policies have a more subtle effect on earnings inequality than previously recognized, requiring scholars and practitioners to investigate their unique effects at various points of the earnings distribution.
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Zuchowski, I., Z. Kochanowicz, C. Pilcicki, and H. Schuler. "BRIDGING THE LABOUR SHORTAGE THROUGH VOCATIONAL ORIENTATION AT AN EARLY STAGE OF EDUCATION – THE GERMAN EXPERIENCE." Zhytomyr Ivan Franko state university journal. Рedagogical sciences, no. 2 (105) (October 19, 2021): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.2(105).2021.61-77.
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The changes in the labour market which have taken place in recent years mean that there is a need to educate young people in deficit occupations and fields of study. The increased interest in general education has resulted in a shortage of skilled workers in the EU labour markets, which small, medium, and large enterprises face. This problem is particularly evident in countries with a low level of links between vocational training and business. Countries with an education system based on cooperation with business are in a better situation, which does not mean a need to increase interest in vocational training. Based on literature research and own experience, the article presents the German model of dual vocational education, which can be used to promote vocational education. The authors presented the system and structure of education in Germany and analysed the dual education model against this structure. They showed the advantages of this system and analysed the threats related to the decreasing number of trainees. Despite the system, many initiatives related to vocational orientation are implemented in Germany. They aim at orienting young people to vocational training by getting to know the specifics of a profession already at an early age in primary school. This article describes empirical experiences from visits to the BVTU (Bildungsverbund Thüringer Unternehmen e.v.) in Thuringia of an association of training companies involved in the BERUFSSTART plus project on early career choice. An analysis of the rolled-out project, its objectives and effects were made. The described activities can be regarded as good practices, adapted and used in other countries. It was pointed out that activities related to career orientation should be an essential part of all stakeholders' activities to ensure a sufficient number of employees with high professional qualifications for the labour market.
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Schuessler, Elke, Stephen J. Frenkel, and Chris F. Wright. "Governance of Labor Standards in Australian and German Garment Supply Chains: The Impact of Rana Plaza." ILR Review 72, no. 3 (April 17, 2018): 552–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793918771360.
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This article analyzes the impact of the 2013 Rana Plaza building collapse on garment lead firms’ labor standards policies in the light of new governance approaches, particularly the pathbreaking Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh. Based on a sample of 20 Australian and German garment firms, the authors find that firms with low prior baseline standards revised their supply chain and sourcing policies and signed the Accord. Firms with medium and high baseline standards responded variously, from making no changes to revising their policies and signing the Accord. Firm response variation can be explained by stakeholder pressure occurring in different national industrial and institutional contexts following the Rana Plaza incident, which served as a focusing event. Results suggest the wider applicability of the focusing event framework for industrial relations scholarship and highlight some of the mechanisms driving changes in industrial relations institutions.
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Voeikov, Evgenij V. "Tank Battle near Prokhorovka: Key assessments and judgments in Modern Russian Historiography." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 23, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2023-23-3-304-312.
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The article examines the stereotypes of the course of the Battle of Kursk that have developed at different times, distorting the real historical picture. Various approaches to assessing the significance of the counterattack of the 5th Guards Tank Army near Prokhorovka have been investigated. Some contradictions and gaps of modern historical works are revealed. The article focuses on the exaggeration by the authors of historical works of the role of the new German Tiger tanks in the battles near Prokhorovka on July 12, 1943. An attempt is also made to investigate the stereotype that has developed in historical works about the complete uselessness of T-70 light tanks in the battle of Prokhorovka on July 12 and the low combat qualities of the British Churchill heavy tanks.
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Leithold, Nick, Tino Woschke, Heiko Haase, and Jan Kratzer. "Optimising NPD in SMEs: a best practice approach." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 262–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-05-2015-0054.
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Purpose – This study analyses new product development (NPD) processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this paper is to find successful innovation processes of SMEs on the one hand, and to reveal starting points to further improve these processes on the other. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered from 49 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with German firms. From the total of 49 cases, the authors identified three manufacturing SMEs with high-performing innovation processes, whose NPD processes the authors took as best practice examples. The authors then used the design structure matrix to map these three NPD processes, and optimised the sequence by applying an optimisation algorithm. Findings – The authors determined which activities could be done sequentially, in parallel, or overlapping. The authors also scrutinised the position of dynamic milestones and demonstrated that the best-performing SMEs had flexible NPD processes, which allowed for an accelerated innovation process. Research limitations/implications – Due to the qualitative design of the investigation, the research presented was not specifically designed to draw statistical generalisations. For this reason, the results may not be applicable to all SMEs. Practical implications – The authors recommend that SMEs uncouple activities as much as possible. In this regard, the findings revealed that that especially technical and economic activities may be conducted in parallel due to their low dependence. Originality/value – The paper offers an SME-specific NPD process to optimise the innovation performance. Moreover, the findings deliver new knowledge on how the best-performing SMEs innovate.
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Zablodska, Inna, Yevhen Akhromkin, Andriy Akhromkin, Liubov Bielousova, and Iryna Litvinova. "World Experience in Public Administration of the Transformation of Energy-dependent Regions in the Context of Their Sustainable Development." Problemy Ekorozwoju 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2020.2.23.
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The article is devoted to the research of the world positive and negative experience in public administration of the transformation of energy-dependent regions. The research is carried out in the context of the sustainable development of energy-dependent regions, which is one of the key global agendas for the transition of all countries to a low carbon economy and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals to 2030. The authors analysed the institutional features of the experience of just transformation in Australia and Poland, the shortcomings of the transforming process of energy-dependent regions in European countries such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, and also some initial directions for further energy transition in the German and Czech regions.
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Abendroth, Anja-Kristin, Silvia Melzer, Alexandra Kalev, and Donald Tomaskovic-Devey. "Women at Work." ILR Review 70, no. 1 (September 28, 2016): 190–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793916668530.
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Using a unique sample of 5,022 workers in 94 large German workplaces, the authors explore whether and how women’s access to higher level positions, firms’ human resources practices, and workers’ qualification levels are associated with gender differences in earnings. First, they find that having more women in management reduces the gender earnings gap for jobs with low qualifications, but not those with high qualifications. Second, they find that while men’s compensation is positively affected by having a male supervisor, women with a female supervisor do not receive such an advantage. Finally, they find that human resources practices and job-level qualifications moderate the association between gendered power and gender earnings inequalities. Integrating women into managerial and supervisory roles does not automatically reduce gender inequalities; its impacts are contingent on organizational context.
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Schulze, Birgit, Achim Spiller, and Ludwig Theuvsen. "A broader view on vertical coordination: lessons from German pork production." Journal on Chain and Network Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2007.x076.
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In the literature it is often hypothesised that contracts and vertical integration are of paramount importance for the future competitiveness of meat supply chains. The continued coexistence of two different types of pork production chains throughout the world - less integrated systems in, for instance, many Western European countries and stricter coordinated systems based on contracts and vertical integration in countries such as the U.S.A. and Denmark - is rarely discussed in the agribusines literature. Some authors expect a trend towards more intense vertical coordination and consider the loose relationships in some European markets as an obsolescent model. Based on an overview of theoretical approaches towards the organisation of meat supply chains, we confront the contract and integration hypothesis with current developments at the slaughterhouse level and in quality assurance systems as well as results from a recent survey among German pig producers concerning their attitudes towards contracts. A binary logit regression is carried out to test for the determinants of contracting decisions. Cluster analysis reveals four groups of farmers with very different attitudes, from inveterate antagonists to contract supporters. In conclusion, reflections on TCE indicate the long-term viability of slaughter pig markets with a low degree of vertical coordination, which may have efficiency advantages over more integrated meat supply chains. This argument is supported by the results of a large-scale survey among German pig producers, who strongly reject the notion of engaging in contracts with slaughterhouses. In this situation, trust management can be considered a suitable instrument for gaining some of the advantages usually attributed to contracts. Trust-building instruments should be integrated into a broader approach of supplier relationship management.
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Niklai, Patrícia Dominika. "Schriften über Bildung und Kulturpolitik in der Monatsschrift für Deutsch-Ungarischen Kulturaustausch der Ungarisch-Deutschen Gesellschaft in Budapest (1940–1944)." DÍKÉ 5, no. 2 (May 6, 2022): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2021.05.02.10.
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Between 1940 and 1944 (and even earlier, in the 1930‘s), the Hungarian cultural and educational policy focused on Christian national ideology and Hungarian cultural superiority. Hungarian writers also highlighted this ideology in addition to emphasizing the importance and benefits of the bond with Germany. These manifested and mingled in a pro-German spirit based on the current political alliances. In the following this will be examined through the writings of Hungarian authors, who considered that the bond between the Hungarians and the Germans has different natural historical roots. In this article several writings were selected about education and cultural policy from the monthly journal for German-Hungarian cultural exchange of the Hungarian-German Society in Budapest. On this basis, an overview of the spirit of the age will be given here using the writings of Hungarian authors published in German. Other periodicals of that era were also researched – such as the Journal of Eastern European Law, Journal of the Academy of German Law, Hungarian Yearbooks between 1933–1943 – but they also do not contain so many writings on the topics of education and cultural policy, which is why the monthly journal for German-Hungarian cultural exchange was chosen as the title and focus point of this study.
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Shevel, L. O., and O. I. Rudnyk-Ivashchenko. "Modes of Callistephus chinensis (L.) nees seeds preservation." Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, no. 77 (2022): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2022-77-107-111.
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The authors present the results of researching two Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees varieties of different origin seeds storage regime for 36 months under different humidity and have established the positive effect on the seeds sowing qualities when storing them in low positive temperatures (+ 2 ... + 4 °С) (refrigerator) under a humidity of 8.0 % and 6.0 %. During the long-term storage in a humidity of 12.0 % the Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees reduced dramatically the germination energy and laboratory germination, their values being zero. Therefore such storage regimes is critical for the studied crop. The three year investigations showed the advantage of storing the seeds under low positive temperatures as compared to the laboratory conditions (in banging). The varietal dependence of this economic trait was determined: the seeds of the cv Kniagynia of our own breeding have higher germination energy and laboratory germination in all the studied regimes as compared to the strain Birma of the German origin. This indicates a higher level of the inland variety plasticity. The results of the analysis have shown that it is inexpedient to store the Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees seeds for 36 months under low positive temperatures and a humidity of 12.0 %.
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Bogner, Franz X., and Michael Wiseman. "Environmental Perception: Factor Profiles of Extreme Groups." European Psychologist 7, no. 3 (September 2002): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.7.3.225.
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This paper describes an empirical survey of adolescent responses to two environmental perception batteries: “Environmental Perception” (ENV) and “New Environmental Paradigm” (NEP). The first was developed by the present authors for adolescents, while the second is already well-known within environmental psychology. The present study examines both batteries applied to a sample of over 800 German pupils. Responses to both batteries were subjected to factor analyses extracting the hypothesized 8 oblique factors. Groups were ranked according to their “Care with Resources” score, and the extreme groups were identified. Differences between these groups were examined in terms of the remaining seven factor scores, confirming the hypothesis that high scorers tend to enjoy nature, to favor a balanced nature and limits to growth, and to declare their intention to support conservation. Low scorers tend to do the opposite.
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Alberta Oliveira, Maria, and Carlos Santos. "A volatility-based approach to gold as a safe haven: can it explain the abnormalities in gold returns during periods of extreme financial adversity?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (September 23, 2016): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-1).2016.06.
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In this paper, the authors provide an explanation of the abnormal behavior of gold returns between the 1st of January 2008 and the 31st of December 2013. The authors suggest a behavioral finance foundation to the fact that gold returns exceed those of a wide range of other assets over this period. The approach rests on the safe haven (SH) motif for flights to gold during heavy financial stress periods. The prevailing Baur-Lucey-McDermott paradigm on gold as a SH is shown to be insufficient, as it ignores the roles of volatility and risk preferences. The auhors suggest a formal SH definition, recovering those elements from behavioral finance. Contrary to the previous paradigm, the approach is data-consistent, in the sample period. The authors find that gold is a SH for all stock markets considered, some exchange rates, and even Euro Area sovereign bonds (including German bunds). They estimate the SH risk premium in all cases. The authors find that investors perceive the distinction between good and bad volatility, and that they do not ask for excess returns when gold volatility is high for SH reasons. This is consistent with the literature on the low frequency of idiosyncratic shocks in the gold market. Furthermore, the authors find evidence that, in a period of high financial uncertainty, fund managers building portfolios consisting only of gold might be acting rationally, contrary to the finance common sense for normal periods. In fact, in the sample period, gold is even strictly dominant in mean-variance terms, when compared to equity. Keywords: safe haven, gold, euro debt crisis, risk preferences, fund management. JEL Classification: C22, C58, G01, G11, G15
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Michels, Marius, Johannes Möllmann, and Oliver Musshoff. "Understanding the intention to use commodity futures contracts." Agricultural Finance Review 79, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 582–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-02-2019-0025.
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Purpose Adoption rates of commodity futures contracts among farmers are rather low in Europe despite their political support. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can contribute to the understanding of farmers’ intention to use commodity futures contracts. Here, the authors explicitly distinguish between usage motives for price risk reduction and speculation. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on an online survey with 134 German farmers using partial least squares structural equation modeling to estimate the TAM. Findings The intention to use commodity futures contracts is mostly driven by farmers’ motivation for speculation rather than price risk reduction. Assuming risk averse farmers, this result could explain low adoption rates. Furthermore, perceived ease of use has a positive effect on the intention to use commodity futures contracts. Practical implications Handling of price hedging instruments should be facilitated to increase farmers’ adoption. Effective marketing trainings, which can demonstrate the ability of commodity futures contracts to reduce price risk, could increase farmers’ motivation to use them for their risk management instead of speculation. Originality/value This study analyzes path relationships between constructs expected to influence the intention to use commodity futures contracts which are allowed to be estimated by the TAM in one model. Here, the authors explicitly distinguish between usage motives for price risk reduction and speculation. This is the first study applying the TAM to price risk management tools.
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Dalal, Surjeet, and Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf. "Prediction of Occupation Stress by Implementing Convolutional Neural Network Techniques." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 23, no. 3 (July 2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.20210701.oa3.
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Medicinal services experts experience significant levels of word-related worry because of their working conditions. Subsequently, the point of this study is to build up a model that spotlights human services experts in order to break down the impact that activity requests, control, social help, and acknowledgment have on the probability that a specialist will experience pressure. The authors have beforehand presented a technique for pitch highlight identification utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) that yields great execution utilizing low-level acoustic descriptors alone, with no express span data. This paper utilizes this model for different pitch complement and lexical pressure discovery errands at the word and syllable level on the DIRNDL German radio news corpus. This research demonstrates that data on word or syllable span is encoded in the elevated level CNN include portrayal via preparing a direct relapse model on these highlights to foresee term.
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Natalia Olijnyk and Iryna Krylova. "SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM MODEL OF MANAGEMENT IN WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SPHERE OF UKRAINE." Science Review, no. 5(22) (June 30, 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/30062019/6543.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of European models of water supply and wastewater management and their implementation in Ukraine. The authors review the classical models of EU water supply and water dsposal management: English, French and German, their historical and political roots, the theoretical basis. In parallel, the authors analyze the state policy in the sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine, the principles of its formation and features, the current state of the sphere of water supply and wastewater, organizational and legal forms of water supply and wastewater enterprises. The article analyzes the current state of realization of public- private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater with indication of existing contracts and contracts that have become invalid. It is proved that the difference between the water supply and wastewater companies of different management models in Ukraine is not marked, as the general state of the water supply and wastewater sector shows the existence of common problems characteristic of all enterprises. In particular, the ineffectiveness of tariff policies, depreciation of fixed assets, low quality of services, difficult financial condition, inadequate investment, etc. The authors discuss the possibilities of adaptation of classical management models in Ukraine and possible consequences. The article defines the institutional problems of the state policy of Ukraine in the sphere of water supply and wastewater, which influence the efficiency of the implementation and functioning of any model of management and regulation.
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Aleixo, M. A., C. A. Moreira, G. Sobreira, J. Oliveira, and L. Carvalhão Gil. "Atypical psychosis – historical and current perspective." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1298.
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IntroductionClinical concepts regarding atypical psychosis such as the French bouffeé délirante, the German cycloid psychosis, and the Scandinavian reactive and schizophreniform psychoses are now under the category of F23 ‘Acute and transient psychotic disorders’ (ATPD) of the tenth revision of the International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10).AimsThe authors’ aim is to highlight the clinical and scientific relevance of atypical psychosis from the historical concepts to the current perspective.MethodsA Pubmed database search using as keywords “atypical psychosis”, “acute and transient psychotic disorders”, and “brief psychotic disorder” and retrieved papers were selected according to their relevance.ResultsDifferent psychiatric schools, often of a regional or national character, have provided concepts for transient psychotic states. The acute and transient psychotic disorders of ICD-10 and the brief psychotic disorder of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) reflect the diversity of the history of such concepts. The available evidence suggests that case identification and follow-up is difficult in ATPD due to the heterogeneous and infrequent nature of this clinical phenomenon. Furthermore ATPD has a low diagnostic stability and there are few studies focused on brief psychotic disorders.ConclusionsThe present definition of acute and transient psychotic disorders and brief psychotic disorder, while taking into account the history of the concepts involved, leave many questions open to further studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kowitz, S., J. Zielasek, and W. Gaebel. "Patients with anxiety disorders: Pathways of care and their outcomes in Germany – A secondary data analysis." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.440.
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IntroductionAnxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in Germany. Different sectors and disciplines participate in mental healthcare of these patients, but there is a lack of empirical evidence of the treatment outcomes in different settings.ObjectivesThe study focuses on analyzing the care pathways of patients with anxiety disorders and the effects of such pathways on critical events like sick leave, early retirement and mortality.AimsThe analysis aims at developing recommendations for optimizing treatment with a view to minimize the rate of occurrence of critical events during the care pathway.MethodsSecondary data of three statutory health insurance companies and of the German Pension Funds of the years 2005–2007. The analyses are based on 744,742 persons with at least one diagnosis of an anxiety disorder.ResultsThe analyses reveal a low rate of changes between primary and specialized care. There was a high number of care pathways (n = 2.608).The most common type was care by primary care physicians/somatic specialists only (60.5% of patients), followed by a treatment by a psychiatrist only (9.5%). Patients, who were only treated by general practitioners/somatic specialists, had significantly lower rates of sick leave and early retirement. This may indicate that cases with more favourable prognoses are found with this care pathway.ConclusionsAnalyses of care pathways using secondary data can contribute to identify potential for optimizing mental health care services and provide information about intersectoral interface problems, which should be considered in the quality management of mental healthcare.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hellweg, Fynn, Ardian Cacaj, Simon Haneke, and Albert Albers. "METHOD FOR REFERENCE-BASED MANUFACTURING COST ESTIMATION – EVALUATION STUDY USING A PROTOTYPE." Proceedings of the Design Society 3 (June 19, 2023): 2625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.263.
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AbstractWithin product development, manufacturing cost estimation provides a sound basis for design and management decisions. This secures companies profitability, but the effort is high and deep knowledge at the interface of design, manufacturing and costs is needed. These issues can be eased with automation enabled by semantic technologies. Therefore, the authors developed a method for reference-based manufacturing cost estimation and created a prototype. This research evaluates the method and the prototype. Observation, interview and questionnaire were conducted with ten experienced cost engineers at a large German manufacturing company.Based on its results, the study shows the methods contribution to lower estimation effort, while the impact on transparency and the knowledge base was only partly verified. The method steps show different automation potential, so an incremental automation should be considered. Even though semantic technologies show high potential for identifying reference system elements in this study, the limiting factor for automation in manufacturing cost estimation remains the low availability of product and manufacturing information and missing knowledge of its connection within product development.
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Gautschi, Oliver P., Bawarjan Schatlo, Karl Schaller, and Enrico Tessitore. "Clinically relevant complications related to pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar surgery and their management: a literature review of 35,630 pedicle screws." Neurosurgical Focus 31, no. 4 (October 2011): E8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.7.focus11168.
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Object The technique of pedicle screw insertion is a mainstay of spinal instrumentation. Some of its potential complications are clinically relevant and may require reoperation or further postoperative care. Methods A literature search was performed using MEDLINE (between 1999 and June 2011) for studies on pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar surgery. The authors included randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and case series (≥ 20 patients) from the English-, German-, and French-language literature. The authors assessed study type, the number of patients, the anatomical area, the number of pedicle screws, duration of follow-up, type of pedicle screw placement, incidence of complications, and type of complication. The management of specific complications is discussed. Results Thirty-nine articles with 46 patient groups were reviewed with a total of 35,630 pedicle screws. One study was a randomized controlled trial, 8 were case-control studies, and the remaining articles were case series. Dural lesions and irritation of nerve roots were reported in a mean of 0.18% and 0.19% per pedicle screws, respectively. Thirty-two patients in 10 studies (of 5654 patients from all 39 studies) required further revision surgeries for misplaced pedicle screws causing neurological problems. None of the analyzed studies reported vascular complications, and only 2 studies reported visceral complications of clinical significance. Conclusions Pedicle screw placement in the thoracolumbar region is a safe procedure with an overall high accuracy and a very low rate of clinically relevant complications.