Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)"

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Crothers, Barbara A., Mohiedean Ghofrani, Chengquan Zhao, et al. "Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion or High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion? Concordance Between the Interpretation of Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion and High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion in Papanicolaou Tests: Results From the College of American Pathologists PAP Education Program." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 143, no. 1 (2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2018-0003-cp.

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Context.— Obtaining diagnostic concordance for squamous intraepithelial lesions in cytology can be challenging. Objective.— To determine diagnostic concordance for biopsy-proven low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) Papanicolaou test slides in the College of American Pathologists PAP Education program. Design.— We analyzed 121 059 responses from 4251 LSIL and HSIL slides for the interval 2004 to 2013 using a nonlinear mixed-model fit for reference diagnosis, preparation type, and participant type. We evaluated interactions between the reference diagnosis and the other 2 factors in addition to a repeated-measures component to adjust for slide-specific performance. Results.— There was a statistically significant difference between misclassification of LSIL (2.4%; 1384 of 57 664) and HSIL (4.4%; 2762 of 63 395). There was no performance difference between pathologists and cytotechnologists for LSIL, but cytotechnologists had a significantly higher HSIL misclassification rate than pathologists (5.5%; 1437 of 27 534 versus 4.0%; 1032 of 25 630; P = .01), and both were more likely to misrepresent HSIL as LSIL (P < .001) than the reverse. ThinPrep LSIL slides were more likely to be misclassified as HSIL (2.4%; 920 of 38 582) than SurePath LSIL slides (1.5%; 198 of 13 196), but conventional slides were the most likely to be misclassified in both categories (4.5%; 266 of 5886 for LSIL, and 6.5%; 573 of 8825 for HSIL). Conclusions.— More participants undercalled HSIL as LSIL (false-negative) than overcalled LSIL as HSIL (false-positive) in the PAP Education program, with conventional slides more likely to be misclassified than ThinPrep or SurePath slides. Pathologists and cytotechnologists classify LSIL equally well, but cytotechnologists are significantly more likely to undercall HSIL as LSIL than are pathologists.
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Goyal, Abha, Ami P. Patel, Thomas L. Dilcher, and Susan A. Alperstein. "Effects of Implementing the Dual Papanicolaou Test Interpretation of ASC-H and LSIL Following Bethesda 2014." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, no. 4 (2020): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa069.

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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the impact of implementing the dual interpretation of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) after the Bethesda System 2014 and to compare it with other indeterminate interpretations. Methods Rates of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity and histologic follow-up and the proportion of women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on histologic follow-up were compared for the combined interpretation of ASC-H and LSIL (ASCHL) and the categories of LSIL, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL-H) and ASC-H. Results The percentage of ASCHL HPV-positive cases (86.0%) was similar to that of LSIL-H but significantly higher in comparison to that of ASC-H. The rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN 2+) and CIN 3+ for ASCHL (29.6% and 3.6%, respectively) were similar to those of LSIL-H and ASC-H. When stratified by HPV test results, the proportions of patients with CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ remained statistically similar to those with ASCHL and with LSIL-H and ASC-H. Conclusions Considering the similar risks of CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ for ASCHL and ASC-H, having a separate category of ASCHL for reporting cervical cytology appears to be redundant.
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Aksoy Altınboğa, Ayşegül, Tuba Dilay Ünal, Nuran Süngü, et al. "THE IMPORTANCE OF ATYPICAL SQUAMOUS CELLS IN CERVICAL PAP SMEAR IN PATIENTS AGED 65 YEARS AND OLDER AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH HPV." Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 22, no. 2 (2025): 221–28. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1697979.

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Aim: This study aims to determine the significance of atypical squamous cells (ASC) in women 65 years of age and older, and the high-risk HPV (hrHPV) status of patients diagnosed with ASCs. Materials and methods: Data base of the Department of Pathology between February 2019 and December 2020 were screened and patients over the age of 65 who had ‘ASC of undetermined significance' (ASC-US) and 'ASC-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion' (ASC-H) diagnosis on cervical PAP smear (CPS) were identified. High risk HPV (hrHPV) positive and negative patients were also examined. Results: 164 patients (151 (89.3%) ASCUS and 13 (7.7%) ASC-H) were included in the study. Follow-up information of 95 cases showed 16.8% low grade squamous intraepithleial lesion (LSIL), 5.3% high grade squamous intraepithleial lesion (HSIL), 1.1% endocervical adenocarcinoma following ASC diagnosis. 19.6% patients were hrHPV positive. In the follow-up of HrHPV positive patients, 38.9% LSIL, 22.2% HSIL, 5.6% cervical adenocarcinoma developed. Intraepithelial lesions (LSIL + HSIL) and high-grade cervical lesions (HSIL + invasive cervical carcinoma) were more common in hrHPV positive ASC-US cases compared to hrHPV negative ASC-US cases. Patients with ASC-H were more likely to have LSIL and intraepithelial lesions at follow-up compared to patients with ASC-US. Conclusion: In patients aged 65 years and older, hrHPV positive ASC cases carry a high risk for LSIL, HSIL and high grade cervical lesions. Further studies on absolute referral to hrHPV test screening in these patients would significantly contribute to the management of these patients.
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Díaz López, Elsa, Gabriela Guarneros, Diana Mejía Morales, Juan Cristóbal Conde Pérez-Prina, Indra Elizalde Torres, and Alberto González Díaz. "Impact of Low-grade Intraepithelial Lesions with High-risk Human Papillomavirus (Part I)." Latin american journal of clinical sciences and medical technology 6, no. 1 (2024): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34141/ljcs8524095.

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One of the cervical cancer screening tests that has been prevalent in low- and mid-level income countries has been the cytology test, which uses a system of standardized reports such as the Bethesda. This system allows the detection of anomalies in squamous epithelial cells, including the squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. This categorization in two levels (LSIL and HSIL) has allowed to differentiate the carcinogenic potential of the human papillomavirus (HPV). LSIL are described as transient changes associated with an infection caused by HPV and asymptomatic infections with viral vacuolization within a two-year interval with no specific treatment. In case of HSIL, reference is made to its pre-cancer potential. Several factors have an impact in the onset of a LSIL: the presence of HPV (as one of the key etiologic agents) and other risk factors such as hormones, microbiome, first intercourse at early age, multiple sexual partners, other infections, immune status, and tobaco. All that contribute to the transient nature of the infection, or to its persistence, which in turn may promote the development and progression into an HSIL. The persistence of a high-risk HPV infection (HR-HPV) (or more rarely of low-grade too) plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer.
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Peng, Xinrui, Jiayuan Wan, Yafei Wang, and Liqun Wang. "Development of a clinical prediction model for pathological upgrading in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions following cervical conization." Cytojournal 21 (October 11, 2024): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_7_2024.

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Objective: This study aimed to identify key factors influencing post-operative pathologic escalation in Chinese women with histologic cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) undergoing cervical conization and construct a predictive nomogram model. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 107 patients with LSIL from Bengbu City, Anhui Province, China, who underwent cervical conization at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2019 to January 2023. Patients were categorized into groups based on post-operative pathological upgrade. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors. A nomogram model was developed and evaluated for clinical predictive ability using calibration curves, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Post-operative pathological upgrades were experienced by 39.3% of patients with LSIL. Independent risk factors for escalation included positive human papillomavirus (HPV)16/18/52/53/58 high-risk types (P < 0.05, OR = 4.95, 95% CI = 1.32–18.46), ThinPrep Cytology Test (TCT) results indicating high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)/atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H)/atypical glandular cells ( AGC) (P < 0.01, OR = 13.12, 95% CI = 3.10–55.50), and cervical transformation zone (TZ) type III (P < 0.05, OR = 6.10, 95% CI = 1.65–22.56). Based on these factors, the nomogram demonstrated good differentiation and calibration (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.744, 95% CI: 0.674–0.839). DCA indicated high clinical predictive value. Conclusion: HPV16/18/52/53/58 high-risk types, TCT HSIL/ASC-H/AGC, and colposcopic cervical TZ type III are independent risk factors for post-operative pathologic escalation in LSIL. Consideration of pre-operative HPV, TCT results, and cervical TZ type is crucial for effective triage and patient management. The constructed nomogram provides a practical tool for risk assessment of patients with LSIL undergoing cervical conization.
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Li, Yilan, Olubunmi Shoyele, and Vinod B. Shidham. "Pattern of cervical biopsy results in cases with cervical cytology interpreted as higher than low grade in the background with atrophic cellular changes." Cytojournal 17 (May 16, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_82_2019.

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Objective: The cytomorphological changes associated with atrophic cellular pattern (ACP) in cervical cytology smears may mimic high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Due to this, there may be higher chances of cytomorphological overinterpretation in cases with ACP. Estrogen therapy (ET) (topical or systemic) would reverse the changes related to atrophy and repeat Pap smear after ET should correct the false positives. This approach would minimize the unindicated invasive interventions. However, performing immediate biopsies following “higher than low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude HSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions-cannot exclude HSIL, and HSIL) interpretations” in such cases, is a general trend. Pap smears with “higher than LSIL interpretations” in association with ACP over a period of 10 years were selected. Materials and Methods: A total of 657,871 cases over 10 years were reviewed, of which 188 Pap smears interpreted as higher than LSIL interpretations with ACP were selected randomly for this study. Result: Of these 188 cases, 67 underwent biopsies which were reviewed and compared with 67 biopsies performed for “higher than LSIL interpretation” cases without ACP. The follow-up biopsy material was reviewed including elective p16 immunohistochemistry with other clinical details including high-risk HPV test results as indicated. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that Pap smears with ACP have higher false positives due to tendency for cytomorphologic overinterpretation as compared to non-ACP group.
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Kaya Terzi, Neslihan, and Ozden Yulek. "Assessment of Cervicovaginal Smear and HPV DNA Co-Test for Cervical Cancer Screening: Implications for Diagnosis and Follow-Up Strategies." Diagnostics 14, no. 6 (2024): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060611.

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Objective: Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality, necessitating effective screening and diagnostic methods. This study aimed to assess the performance of cervicovaginal smear (CVS) and human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA co-test. Study design: The pathology results of 225 female patients who underwent HPV-DNA testing with CVS between 2014 and 2022 and were subsequently diagnosed by colposcopic cervical biopsy or second CVS were retrospectively analyzed. Results: CVS samples showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and cervical cancer. Concordance between the first and second diagnoses demonstrated moderate agreement for LSIL. ASCUS cases exhibited a significant correlation with HPV-DNA positivity and higher-grade cervical lesions. In biopsy, sensitivity and specificity for CIN1/LSIL were 87.5% and 53.3, respectively, while for CIN2-3/HSIL, they were 83.87% and 58.49%. HPV testing showed significant correlation with histopathologic results. In women over 40 years, more intraepithelial lesions were diagnosed compared to younger women (p < 0.005). The conventional smear technique proved reliable in detecting high-grade lesions. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of our study, our results emphasize the value of HPV-DNA testing to avoid unnecessary interventions and to establish appropriate follow-up strategies.
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Mishra, Jaya, Sweety Kalantri, Vandana Raphael, Biswajit Dey, Yookarin Khonglah, and Ananya Das. "Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in abnormal pap smears." Cytojournal 20 (August 29, 2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cytojournal_8_2021.

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Objectives: This study was undertaken to study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in abnormal cervical pap smears and to correlate the different cytological results with HPV infection. Material and Methods: A total of 1788 cervical pap smears of women more than 30 years of age conducted over a period of 1 year 3 months (June 2015–August 2016) were screened by liquid-based cytology. High-risk (HR)-HPV testing was performed by PCR in abnormal lesions. Inflammatory smears and some atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)-reactive cases were excluded from HPV testing. Histopathological correlation was done wherever possible. Results: The overall prevalence of the intraepithelial lesions/malignancy was ASCUS. (ASCUS) - 79 (4.42%), atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) - 10 (0.56%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) - 26 (1.45%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - 15 (0.84%), squamous cell carcinoma - 5 (0.28%), and adenocarcinoma - 1 case (0.06%). Overall, 136 (7.60%) samples were classified as abnormal. Seventy-seven samples were included for HR-HPV testing – 20 ASCUS, 10 ASC-H, 26 LSIL, 15 HSIL, and 6 malignant cases. A control group of ten samples with normal cervical cytology within the normal limit (Control) (WNLc) was tested for HR-HPV. HR-HPV was detected in 20% of samples of the WNLc group, 45% of the ASCUS group, 70% of the ASC-H group, 73.07% of the LSIL group, 86.67% of the HSIL, and 83.34% of the samples in the malignant group. Overall, HR-HPV was detected in 68.83% of abnormal cervical pap smears. Conclusion: Our study shows that the percentage of HR-HPV-positive case increases with the severity of cytologic morphology. HPV had 4 times higher positivity in squamous intraepithelial lesion as compared to ASCUS.
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Zhao, Chengquan, Shuping Zhao, Amer Heider, and R. Marshall Austin. "Significance of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA Detection in Women 50 Years and Older With Squamous Cell Papanicolaou Test Abnormalities." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 8 (2010): 1130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2009-0624-oa.1.

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Abstract Context.—Data on cytologic screening and follow-up disproportionately reflect findings from frequently screened younger women, and data from screened women 50 years and older using newer screening technologies remain limited. Objective.—To better understand the utility of adjunctive high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing for disease risk stratification in women 50 years and older with a range of liquid-based cytology, abnormal, squamous cell Papanicolaou test results. Design.—Liquid-based cytology cases interpreted as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H); and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) at Magee-Womens Hospital (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) were retrospectively identified for a 36-month period between July 1, 2005, and June 30, 2008, from women 50 years and older who also had hrHPV DNA test results. Histopathologic follow-up diagnoses were analyzed. Results.—During the study period, 4855 women 50 years and older had HSIL, LSIL, ASC-H, or ASC-US Papanicolaou test results and hrHPV testing. In 89.3% of HSIL cases, 71.0% of LSIL cases, 38.9% of ASC-H cases, and 14.2% of ASC-US cases, hrHPV test results were positive. The positive predictive value of a positive hrHPV test for histopathologic cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3+ detection was 90.5% with HSIL, 15% with ASC-H, 9.8% with LSIL, and 3.2% with ASC-US. A negative hrHPV test result had a 100% negative predictive value for histopathologic cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3+ in both LSIL and ASC-H cases. Conclusions.—In women 50 years and older, a positive hrHPV test result significantly increased the likelihood of follow-up histopathologic diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 /3+ in patients with HSIL, LSIL, and ASC-H Papanicolaou test results compared with women with negative hrHPV test results. No cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3+ diagnoses were documented in women 50 years and older with LSIL or ASC-H Papanicolaou test results and negative hrHPV test results.
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Gbinigie, Eronmwon E., Joshua Fogel, and Maggie Tetrokalashvili. "Low Utility in Colposcopy-directed Biopsies for Non-high Grade Cytological Abnormalities on PAP Smear." Current Women s Health Reviews 16, no. 1 (2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573404815666190821093421.

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Background: Clinicians commonly perform colposcopy directed biopsies on patients with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) on PAP cytology even when not consistent with clinical guidelines. Objective: We study the association of PAP cytology screening results with cervical intra-epithelia neoplasia (CIN) 2-3 high-grade dysplasia, as confirmed by colposcopy-directed biopsy. Methods: A retrospective study of 263 women with an abnormality on the PAP smear. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with predictors of PAP cytology screening results with the outcome variable of colposcopy-directed biopsy. Results: High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) had significantly increased relative risk for CIN 2-3 (RR: 9.85, 95% CI: 1.84, 52.79, p=0.008). LSIL was not significantly associated with CIN 2-3. In the comparisons of negative with CIN-1, both HSIL and LSIL were not significantly associated with a negative biopsy. Conclusion: HSIL is associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3 while LSIL is not associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3. We do not recommend routine biopsies in patients with LSIL cytologic abnormalities unless additional compelling factors exist.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)"

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Zanré, Nadège Andréa. "Déterminants virologiques de la discordance entre la biopsie diagnostique du col et l’histologie finale au traitement." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20517.

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Book chapters on the topic "Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)"

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Evered, Andrew. "Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, Low Grade (LGSIL)." In Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33286-4_986.

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Cox, J. Thomas. "HPV Testing in Patient Management: Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance and Low- Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion." In Emerging Issues on HPV Infections. KARGER, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000092742.

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Lehtinen, Matti. "Screening and Triage of Cervical Neoplasia in HPV-vaccinated Women." In Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Screening in the Elimination of HPV-Associated Cancers: Evidence-Based Randomized Trials. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815305487124010007.

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We have been running an individually randomized cervical screening trial since 2014. All 14,686 HPV-vaccinated women from birth cohorts 1992-1995, who had received three vaccine shots between 12 to 15 years of age (12,402) or at 18 years of age (2,284). They were invited to participate in an individually randomized trial on infrequent vs.frequent cervical screening visits at ages 22, 25 and 28. The infrequently screened arm participants are informed only on cytological findings indicative of colposcopy and conisation, i.e., high- grade squamous cervical intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Furthermore, due to in-country migration female residents in one of the original 33 vaccination trial communities or after having moved to the Helsinki Metropolitan Region after 2014 were eligible. Altogether 6,958 women consented with a very high (over 92%) compliance to participate in the second (6,381 women) and the third (4,616 of 5,100 women vaccinated as early adolescents in 2007-2009) screening visits. The occurrence of cervical lesions: ASCUS, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and adenocarcinoma in situ has been equal in the different arms. The progression potential of the HSIL findings in the HPV16/18 vaccinated women is probably reduced as suggested by the identification of hypermethylation of HPVindependent cervical cancer risk genes in only a few of the diagnosed HSIL cases. A randomized trial to compare mere clinical follow-up vs.treatment of HSILs diagnosed in vaccinated women is highly warranted.
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"Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion and Mimics." In Diagnostic Pathology: Cytopathology. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-54763-5.50016-7.

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Behtash, Nadereh, Narges Izadimood, Elham Shirali, Fatemeh Nili, Shahrzad Sheikhhasani, and Sara Ramhormozian. "Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of cervix (CIN1)." In Case-Based Practical Training of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-24794-1.00014-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)"

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Lopes, Marina Helena da Silva, Renata Mirian Nunes Eleutério, and José Eleutério Junior. "Clinical and Liquid-based Cytology Findings of Bacterial Vaginosis and its Associations." In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1211.

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Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal dysbiosis with increased anaerobic bacteria. Its diagnosis is based on bacterioscopy by Gram, but it also has cytlogical criteria. Objective: To evaluate clinical and cytological aspects and associations among women with bacterial vaginosis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among women who had their cytology exams in liquid medium (SurePathTM) sent to Prof. Eleuterio Laboratory, Fortaleza, Brazil, between June 1 and July 25, 2023. Clinical data and aspects of cytology were cataloged, such as the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and association with bacterial morphotypes and Candida sp. Results: A total of 344 samples were studied. The mean age was 36.5±9.9 years and the mean number of pregnancies 1.0±1.4. Among those who had contraception, five (16%) reported using oral contraceptives, three (9.7%) reported using copper IUDs, nine (29%) used Mirena, two (6.5%) used Kyleena, two (6.5%) used Implanon, and five (16%) had tubal ligation. With regard to complaints, only 62 women had data: 42 (67.7%) had no complaints, eight (13%) complained of isolated discharge, seven (11.3%) complained of discharge and odor, four (6.5%) complained of discharge and itching, and one (1.6%) of pelvic pain. In the cytological evaluation, 176 (51%) did not present an inflammatory infiltrate, against 168 (49.9%) who presented. Three cases were diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance - ASC-US (0.9%), two as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion - LSIL (0.6%), and one as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion - HSIL (0.3%). Curved bacilli (Mobiluncus sp) were identified in 48 (14%) cases, Leptotrix in nine (2.6%), Actinomyces was found in five (1.5%) cases, Trichomonas in one (0.3%), and Streptococcus in four (1.2%). Candida was observed in 44 (12.8%) cases. Conclusion: The complexity of bacterial vaginosis is high. Most women do not have complaints. It has an apparent association with the type of contraception. Bacterial vaginosis with curved bacilli is frequent, and the most associated pathogen is Candida (mixed vaginitis).
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Gu, Liying, Zubei Hong, Anyue Wu, et al. "Topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in the treatment of cervical low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion." In 17th International Photodynamic Association World Congress, edited by Tayyaba Hasan. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2525485.

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Sathija, P. K., S. Rajaram, V. K. Arora, B. Gupta, and N. Goel. "Evaluation of biomarkers p16ink4a/ki-67 in cervical cytology for diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685267.

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Background: Novel biomarkers, P16INK4a/Ki-67 are disease specific and identify risk of progression to cervical cancer. Aim: To test the clinical utility of biomarkers p16INK4a/Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methodology: Experimental study was conducted over an 18 month period at a tertiary care hospital. 3500 sexually active women between 30-55 years were screened by VIA/VILI, Pap test & HPV-DNA PCR. All screen positive women (n=280) underwent colposcopy and biopsy if required. At the time of colposcopy repeat cervical smear were taken for evaluation of p16INK4a/Ki-67. Immunocytochemistry for p16INK4A and Ki-67 was done by partitioning one slide into two parts for each biomarker. For p16INK4A positivity, nuclear +/- cytoplasmic scoring and intensity score was calculated and final score obtained. For Ki-67 staining was exclusively nuclear. Staining patterns were categorized as negative, intermediate or strongly positive. Results: 86 women with abnormal cytology were evaluated with p16INK4A/Ki-67 immunocytochemistry and 20.9% (n=18) and 18.6% (n=16) were positive for each biomarker. For ASCUS (n=42) and LSIL (n=23) smears, specificity and NPV were 100% with a likelihood ratio (LR+) of 27 and 25 respectively suggesting good diagnostic accuracy. The combined sensitivity and specificity of p16INK4a/Ki-67 in detecting CIN-2+ lesion was 76.9% and 95.8% respectively with LR+ of 18.72 in high grade smears. Conclusions: p16INK4A/Ki-67 evaluation in cervical cytology are valuable biomarkers in ruling out or detecting CIN2+ in ASCUS and LSIL smears. Unnecessary intervention in large number of low grade smears can be avoided by applying these biomarkers. In high grade smears detection rate of biomarkers p16INK4A/Ki-67 was high and had a good diagnostic accuracy.
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Sakane, Junichi, Kiyomi Taniyama, Kazuaki Miyamoto, et al. "Abstract 289: Aberrant DNA methylation of DLX4 and SIM1 is a predictive marker for disease progression of uterine cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-289.

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