Journal articles: 'Low Impact Development (LID)'

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Kim, Jungho, Sungwook Choi, and Jingul Joo. "EPA SWMM-LID Modeling for Low Impact Development." Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 17, no. 2 (January 19, 2017): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2017.17.2.415.

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Savitri, Yang Ratri. "Penerapan Low Impact Development (LID) Untuk Meminimalisir Genangan." Jurnal Hidroteknik 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/jh.v2i1.4400.

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Wang, Chun Xiao. "Low Impact Development (LID) Approaches in Sustainable Stormwater Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.297.

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Low Impact Development (LID), with a core conception of maintaining urban hydrological recycle through source control, is an approach to land development that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible. This paper summarized the concept, principle, development and research status of LID, analysed the LID approaches in High Point Community in the USA, aiming to forward experience of sustainable stormwater management.

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Kim, Jongmo, Seonghoon Kim, Yunkyu Lee, Hanna Choi, and Joonhong Park. "Proposed Methodological Framework of Assessing LID (Low Impact Development) Impact on Soil-Groundwater Environmental Quality." Journal of the Korean Geoenvironmental Society 15, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2014.15.7.39.

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Setyaningsih, Wiwik, Sri Yuliani, Tri Yuni Iswati, Wiendu Nuryanti, Budi Prayitno, and Ahmad Sarwadi. "URBAN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID) TOWARDS GREEN-TOURISM." Region: Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Perencanaan Partisipatif 6, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/region.v6i1.8498.

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World Tourism Organization(WTO), is one of theglobalissueson the international scene, becauseof theimpactof tourism activitieson the developmentand improvement ofthe economic, social, culturaland environmental qualityto the green-tourism. It is based with theSurakarta- city astourismandculturalcity towards the eco-city culture. The aim of the research, will focus on urban tourism andbuildformulationdevelopment through low impact development, in the realization ofgreen-tourism. It is based on explorative descriptive method combined with the mapping spatial of potential physical character (layout, building, and environment), included cultural, social and economic effects of tourism. The location of the research is Kauman urban settlement having a valuable unique and local potential and also its activities which are still exist right now.The result of the research, shows that the existence layout and environment of Kauman urban settlement has not been handled optimally. Moreover, it tends to lose its characteristics because it isn’t protected. Therefore, structuringa tourist areathat emphasizes theuse ofnaturalandculturalresourceswisely byprioritizingcontinued existenceandlocal knowledgetominimize thenegativeimpacts oftourismon the environment. The concept isconceivedforallparties concernedagreedthattheapplication does notgive rise tocontradictionsbetweenthe variousinterests, useful asa guideto applysustainabledevelopment of urban tourism ispaying attention tothe environmentandlocalcommunities. The conclusion, that purposed to fulfill the formulated of urban tourism developmentpoliciesthat are environmentally friendlyandsustainable. Keyword :urban tourism, low impact development and green- tourism

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Lee, Jung-min, Kyoung-hak Hyun, and Jong-soo Choi. "Analysis of the impact of low impact development on runoff from a new district in Korea." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 6 (September 1, 2013): 1315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.346.

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An analysis of the impact of a low impact development (LID) on runoff was performed using a Storm Water Management Model 5 (SWMM5)–LID model. The SWMM5 package has been developed to facilitate the analysis of the hydrologic impacts of LID facilities. Continuous simulation of urban stormwater runoff from the district which included the LID design was conducted. In order to examine the impact of runoff in the LID district the first, second and third highest ranked flood events over the past 38 years were analyzed. The assessment estimated that a LID system under historical storm conditions would reduce peak runoff by approximately 55–66% and runoff volume by approximately 25–121% in comparison with that before the LID design. The impact on runoff was also simulated under 50, 80 and 100 year return period conditions. Under these conditions, the runoff reductions within the district were estimated to be about 6–16% (peak runoff) and 33–37% (runoff volume) in comparison with conditions prior to the LID. It is concluded from these results that LID is worthy of consideration for urban flood control in future development and as part of sewer and stormwater management planning.

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Angelica Deeb, Maria. "Low Impact Development and Transportation in the City of Mesa, AZ." Journal of Geography and Geology 7, no. 4 (December 2, 2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v7n4p65.

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The Cities of Mesa and Glendale, with a grant from the Water Infrastructure Finance Authority of Arizona (WIFA), partnered and developed a Low Impact Development (LID) Toolkit. This toolkit is a 100 page document that responds to the need to better manage the storm water runoff and reduce the need for very expensive expansion of drainage infrastructure. The solution to this problem justifies the need to use LID in Mesa. In 2014 the City of Mesa experienced flooding which affected many. Although LID solutions was considered at the time of this flooding event, it became a priority to identify potential solutions. The LID toolkit responded to this and is intended to minimize the harmful impacts of flooding by setting best practices related to the management of the rainfall-runoff process. The LID toolkit identifies and lists best storm-water City of Mesa management practices and national and regional LID best practices. This list and publication is intended to encourage City and private planners, designers and residents alike towards the practice of more sustainable design. The article presents the history of LID design and discusses the benefits of using LID tools.

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Eric, Marija, Celia Fan, Darko Joksimovic, and James Y. Li. "Modeling low impact development potential with hydrological response units." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 11 (October 22, 2013): 2382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.502.

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Evaluations of benefits of implementing low impact development (LID) stormwater management techniques can extend up to a watershed scale. This presents a challenge for representing them in watershed models, since they are typically orders of magnitude smaller in size. This paper presents an approach that is focused on trying to evaluate the benefits of implementing LIDs on a lot level. The methodology uses the concept of urban hydrological response Unit and results in developing and applying performance curves that are a function of lot properties to estimate the potential benefit of large-scale LID implementation. Lot properties are determined using a municipal geographic information system database and processed to determine groups of lots with similar properties. A representative lot from each group is modeled over a typical rainfall year using USEPA Stormwater Management Model to develop performance functions that relate the lot properties and the change in annual runoff volume and corresponding phosphorus loading with different LIDs implemented. The results of applying performance functions on all urban areas provide the potential locations, benefit and cost of implementation of all LID techniques, guiding future decisions for LID implementation by watershed area municipalities.

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Hong, Jung Sun, and Lee-Hyung Kim. "Assessment of Performances of Low Impact Development (LID) Facilities with Vegetation." Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17820/eri.2016.3.2.100.

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Joksimovic, D., and Z. Alam. "Cost Efficiency of Low Impact Development (LID) Stormwater Management Practices." Procedia Engineering 89 (2014): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.501.

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Kourtis, Ioannis M., Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis, and Evangelos Baltas. "Simulation of Low Impact Development (LID) Practices and Comparison with Conventional Drainage Solutions." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 3, 2018): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110640.

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The present work aims at quantifying the benefit of Low Impact Development (LID) practices in reducing peak runoff and runoff volume, and at comparing LID practices to conventional stormwater solutions. The hydrologic-hydraulic model used was the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM5.1). The LID practices modeled were: (i) Green roofs; and (ii) Permeable pavements. Each LID was tested independently and compared to two different conventional practices, i.e., sewer enlargement and detention pond design. Results showed that for small storm events LID practices are comparable to conventional measures, in reducing flooding. Overall, smaller storms should be included in the design process.

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Leimgruber, Johannes, Gerald Krebs, David Camhy, and Dirk Muschalla. "Sensitivity of Model-Based Water Balance to Low Impact Development Parameters." Water 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121838.

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Low impact development (LID) strategies aim to mitigate the adverse impacts of urbanization, like the increase of runoff and the decrease of evapotranspiration. Hydrological simulation is a reasonable option to evaluate the LID performance with respect to the complete water balance. The sensitivity of water balance components to LID parameters is important for the modeling and planning process of LIDs. This contribution presents the results of a global sensitivity analysis of model-based water balance components (runoff volume, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge/storage change) using the US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model to the parameters (e.g., soil thickness, porosity) of a green roof, an infiltration trench, and a bio-retention cell. All results are based on long-term simulations. The water balance and sensitivity analyses are evaluated for the long-term as well as single storm events. The identification of non-influential and most influential LID parameters for the water balance components is the main outcome of this work. Additionally, the influence of the storm event characteristics precipitation depth and antecedent dry period on the sensitivity of water balance components to LID parameters is shown.

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Leimgruber, Johannes, Gerald Krebs, David Camhy, and Dirk Muschalla. "Model-Based Selection of Cost-Effective Low Impact Development Strategies to Control Water Balance." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082440.

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Urbanization induces an increase of runoff volume and decrease of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. Low impact development (LID) strategies aim to mitigate these adverse impacts. Hydrologic simulation is a reasonable option to assess the LID performance with respect to the water balance and is applicable to planning purposes. Current LID design approaches are based on design storm events and focus on the runoff volume and peak, neglecting evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. This contribution presents a model-based design approach for the selection of cost-effective LID strategies. The method is based on monitored precipitation time series and considers the complete water balance and life-cycle-costs, as well as the demand for land. The efficiency of LID strategies (ELID) is introduced as an evaluation measure which also accounts for emphasizing different goals. The results show that there exist several pareto-optimal LID strategies providing a reasonable basis for decision-making. Additionally, the application of LID treatment trains emerges as an option of high potential.

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Feng, Meiyan, Kwansue Jung, Fengping Li, Hongyan Li, and Joo-Cheol Kim. "Evaluation of the Main Function of Low Impact Development Based on Rainfall Events." Water 12, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082231.

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Low Impact Development (LID) is one of the sustainable approaches to urban stormwater management in areas with rapid urbanization. Although LID has been shown to have a positive effect in flood reduction, the hydrological balance regulation effect of LID under a variety of rainfall events is not fully understood. In this study, we assessed the hydrological efficiency of LID at two residential–commercial mixed sites in Korea to investigate the main function of LID in terms of diverse rainfall characteristics. Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was constructed to simulate the hydrological process numerical simulations in the pre-development, post-development and LID design scenarios, respectively. The model was calibrated and validated by using five observed rainfall–runoff events. Then, four single and four multiple LID practices (LIDs) were used to estimate their effectiveness under seven different designed rainfall events. The results indicate that LIDs substantially influence the hydrology cycle system, while the regulating effect varies with rainfall amounts. The efficiency of LIDs in flood reduction is proved to be more effective during lower storm events. However, LIDs should be designed to primarily prioritize the restoration of hydrological balance when the rainfall return period is longer.

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Zhang, Pu, Lei Chen, Xiaoshu Hou, Guoyuan Wei, Xiaoyue Zhang, and Zhenyao Shen. "Detailed Quantification of the Reduction Effect of Roof Runoff by Low Impact Development Practices." Water 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030795.

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Low impact development (LID) has been widely applied to mitigate urban rainwater problems since the 1990s. However, the effect of LID practices has seldom been evaluated in detail. In this study, the effect of individual and combined LID practices on the reduction of roof runoff are specifically quantified considering the hydrological relationship between LID at the building scale and the campus scale at Beijing Normal University (BNU). The results show that individual and combined LID practices effectively reduce roof runoff for all types of rainfall and for rainfall with return periods from 0.5 to 50 years at the building scale. Combination scenarios maintain good performance with fewer areas of composed LID. Most values for the effect of combination scenarios are between the effects of composed LID. To achieve the highest cost efficiency, low elevation greenbelts should be the first choice, and green roofs should only be selected when low elevation greenbelts and rain barrels cannot be implemented. At the campus scale, individual and combined LID practices effectively reduce the outflow from and the overflow in the campus and combination scenarios have the best reduction performance. This study provides an important reference for urban water management and LID related decision making.

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Hager, James, Guangji Hu, Kasun Hewage, and Rehan Sadiq. "Performance of low-impact development best management practices: a critical review." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 1 (March 2019): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0048.

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Low-impact development (LID), a land planning and engineering design approach for managing urban stormwater runoff, has been widely adopted across the globe. LID best management practices (BMPs) are man-made features that rely on natural processes to manage stormwater water quantity and quality. In this article, recent literature (published after the year 2008) related to nine BMPs was reviewed to highlight the ranges in treatment efficiencies for 21 of the most frequently investigated runoff parameters. The primary function, pros and cons, and factors affecting performance of each BMP were discussed. A frequency analysis of the reviewed parameters showed that total suspended solids, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, runoff reduction, and zinc concentrations were the most frequently investigated stormwater runoff parameters. Five recurring themes were observed with regards to knowledge gaps and conflicting objectives for research related to LID BMPs that include: (i) lack of consensus on which parameters to measure for effective LID adoption, (ii) BMP performance is highly variable, (iii) many BMPs are known exporters of nutrient pollutants, (iv) lack of cold weather performance-specific studies for individual BMPs, and (v) lack of human pathogen-related stormwater quality studies for individual BMPs. Suggestions for future research are discussed to address these knowledge gaps.

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Bai, Yiran, Na Zhao, Ruoyu Zhang, and Xiaofan Zeng. "Storm Water Management of Low Impact Development in Urban Areas Based on SWMM." Water 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010033.

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LID (low impact development) is the storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which can be used to solve urban flooding disasters. Taking Sucheng District of Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China as an example, this project used SWMM (storm water management model) to study the effect of four different types of LID scenarios (① no LID technique, ② LID technique based on infiltration, ③ LID technique based on water storage, ④ LID technique based on the combination of infiltration and water storage) on urban flooding under different rainfall patterns. For the whole study area, the results show that infiltration facilities have the greater reduction rate of surface runoff compared with storage facilities. The combined model (infiltration + storage) works best in the reduction of peak flow and flood volume, with the maximum reduction rate of peak flow (32.5%), and the maximum reduction rate of flood volume (31.8%). For local nodes, infiltration facilities and water storage facilities have different effects. Infiltration facilities significantly reduce runoff of node 47, the reduction rate of ponding time ranges from 73.1% to 54.5%, while water storage facilities have no effects on it. Storage facilities significantly reduce runoff of node 52, the reduction rate of ponding time is 100%, while infiltration facilities have no effects on it. Under all the LID designs, runoff reduction gradually increases with the increasing rainfall amount, and peak reduction becomes stable when rainfall amount reaches about 81.8 mm. In general, the combined model (infiltration + storage) performs better than any other scenarios in runoff reduction. The research shows that LID facilities can greatly mitigate flood, thus the urban flooding disasters caused by extreme rainstorms can be prevented.

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Kaykhosravi, Sarah, Karen Abogadil, Usman T. Khan, and Mojgan A. Jadidi. "The Low-Impact Development Demand Index: A New Approach to Identifying Locations for LID." Water 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112341.

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The primary goal of low impact development (LID) is to capture urban stormwater runoff; however, multiple indirect benefits (environmental and socioeconomic benefits) also exist (e.g., improvements to human health and decreased air pollution). Identifying sites with the highest demand or need for LID ensures the maximization of all benefits. This is a spatial decision-making problem that has not been widely addressed in the literature and was the focus of this research. Previous research has focused on finding feasible sites for installing LID, whilst only considering insufficient criteria which represent the benefits of LID (either neglecting the hydrological and hydraulic benefits or indirect benefits). This research considered the hydrological and hydraulic, environmental, and socioeconomic benefits of LID to identify sites with the highest demand for LID. Specifically, a geospatial framework was proposed that uses publicly available data, hydrological-hydraulic principles, and a simple additive weighting (SAW) method within a hierarchical decision-making model. Three indices were developed to determine the LID demand: (1) hydrological-hydraulic index (HHI), (2) socioeconomic index (SEI), and (3) environmental index (ENI). The HHI was developed based on a heuristic model using hydrological-hydraulic principles and validated against the results of a physical model, the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System model (HEC-HMS). The other two indices were generated using the SAW hierarchical model and then incorporated into the HHI index to generate the LID demand index (LIDDI). The framework was applied to the City of Toronto, yielding results that are validated against historical flooding records.

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Zanandrea, Franciele, and André Luiz Lopes da Silveira. "Uso de técnicas de low impact development no controle de impactos hidrológicos." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 24, no. 6 (December 2019): 1195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522019188729.

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RESUMO O crescimento desordenado traz diversas implicações na drenagem das bacias urbanas, principalmente no referente a alterações no escoamento pluvial. A bacia Mãe d’Água em Viamão (RS), no Brasil, retrata esse problema. Assim, levanta-se a seguinte questão: existem soluções de Low Impact Development (LID) compatíveis com a mitigação de impactos hidrológicos em situações de ocupação urbana em consolidação? Para isso, foram realizadas simulações de três cenários de urbanização: o atual, o futuro e o possível. O cenário atual representa o sistema atual; o futuro é representado pela concretização do Plano Diretor de Viamão, com taxa de permeabilidade de 10% nos lotes; e o possível foi apresentado por meio da inserção das medidas de LID (vegetative swales e pavimentos permeáveis) e taxas de permeabilidade de lote do cenário futuro. As simulações foram realizadas no modelo Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) para chuvas de projeto com tempo de retorno de 2, 5, 10 e 20 anos. O cenário que se apresentou mais crítico quanto a problemas de drenagem foi o futuro. No possível, mesmo com medidas mitigadoras, ainda existem volumes extravasados em alguns pontos, porém as LID reduziram o volume escoado na bacia em até 14% para o tempo de retorno de 2 anos. As medidas de LID apresentaram melhor desempenho para chuvas com menores tempos de retorno. A melhor eficiência na redução dos volumes escoados foi através da manutenção de taxas de permeabilidade do solo. Porém, as LID auxiliam na redução do escoamento superficial, sendo uma alternativa viável para áreas que já estão consolidadas.

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Peng, Jing, Jiayi Ouyang, Lei Yu, and Xinchen Wu. "The model and simulation of low impact development of the sponge airport, China." Water Supply 20, no. 2 (November 18, 2019): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.170.

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Abstract Recently urban waterlogging problems have become more and more serious, and the construction of an airport runway makes the impervious area of the airport high, which leads to the deterioration of the water environment and frequent waterlogging disasters. It is of great significance to design and construct the sponge airport with low impact development (LID) facilities. In this paper, we take catchment N1 of Beijing Daxing International Airport as a case study. The LID facilities are designed and the runoff process of a heavy rainfall in catchment N1 is simulated before and after the implementation of LID facilities. The results show that the total amount of surface runoff, the number of overflow junctions and full-flow conduits of the rainwater drainage system in catchment N1 of Beijing Daxing International Airport are significantly reduced after the implementation of the LID facilities. Therefore, the application of LID facilities has greatly improved the ability of the airport to remove rainwater and effectively alleviated the risk of waterlogging in the airport flight area. This study provides theoretical support for airport designers and managers to solve flood control and rainwater drainage problems and has vital practical significance.

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Son, Cheol, Kyoung Hyun, Donghyun Kim, Jong Baek, and Yong Ban. "Development and Application of a Low Impact Development (LID)-Based District Unit Planning Model." Sustainability 9, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9010145.

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Hoghooghi, Nahal, Heather Golden, Brian Bledsoe, Bradley Barnhart, Allen Brookes, Kevin Djang, Jonathan Halama, Robert McKane, Christopher Nietch, and Paul Pettus. "Cumulative Effects of Low Impact Development on Watershed Hydrology in a Mixed Land-Cover System." Water 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080991.

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Low Impact Development (LID) is an alternative to conventional urban stormwater management practices, which aims at mitigating the impacts of urbanization on water quantity and quality. Plot and local scale studies provide evidence of LID effectiveness; however, little is known about the overall watershed scale influence of LID practices. This is particularly true in watersheds with a land cover that is more diverse than that of urban or suburban classifications alone. We address this watershed-scale gap by assessing the effects of three common LID practices (rain gardens, permeable pavement, and riparian buffers) on the hydrology of a 0.94 km2 mixed land cover watershed. We used a spatially-explicit ecohydrological model, called Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments (VELMA), to compare changes in watershed hydrologic responses before and after the implementation of LID practices. For the LID scenarios, we examined different spatial configurations, using 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% implementation extents, to convert sidewalks into rain gardens, and parking lots and driveways into permeable pavement. We further applied 20 m and 40 m riparian buffers along streams that were adjacent to agricultural land cover. The results showed overall increases in shallow subsurface runoff and infiltration, as well as evapotranspiration, and decreases in peak flows and surface runoff across all types and configurations of LID. Among individual LID practices, rain gardens had the greatest influence on each component of the overall watershed water balance. As anticipated, the combination of LID practices at the highest implementation level resulted in the most substantial changes to the overall watershed hydrology. It is notable that all hydrological changes from the LID implementation, ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 km2 across the study watershed, were modest, which suggests a potentially limited efficacy of LID practices in mixed land cover watersheds.

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Amodeo, Domenico C., and Royce A. Francis. "Investigating adoption patterns of residential low impact development (LID) using classification trees." Environment Systems and Decisions 39, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-019-09725-3.

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Kim, Ree Ho, Jung Hun Lee, Mik Yeong Kim, and Hyun Dong Lee. "Implementation of Low Impact Development Concept for New Town Construction in the Republic of Korea." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.30.

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New approach in stormwater management is urgent to address those water related problems and supplement the limitations of existed water management system. It should have functions to restore water and heat cycles in urban areas, that is, to restore hydrological cycle by promoting infiltration and evaporation, to secure water resources, to alleviate heat island phenomena, to prevent urban flood, and to conserve and restore the ecosystem. LID practices are one of prominent measures to mitigate the impacts of development and urbanization. It is important to have a LID approach in the step of site development planning. LID facilities could be categorized as flow control devices, detention, retention, vegetated filtration, infiltration and treatment. LID emphasizes local, decentralized solutions that capitalize on the beneficial services that natural ecosystem functions can provide. LID also focuses on controlling urban runoff and pollution right at the source, rather than at the end of the storm drain outlet. Since there are many different aspects of LID approach, the policy to promote or regulate LID should consider water, energy and ecology conservation.

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Aguayo, Miguel, Ziwen Yu, Michael Piasecki, and Franco Montalto. "Development of a web application for Low Impact Development Rapid Assessment (LIDRA)." Journal of Hydroinformatics 15, no. 4 (April 16, 2013): 1276–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.080.

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This paper describes the development of a database and a website to support the newest version of Low Impact Development Rapid Assessment (LIDRA) model, LIDRA 2.0, a planning level model for assessing the cost-effectiveness of low impact development (LID) and addressing runoff-related problems in urban watersheds. LIDRA 2.0 is a web-based application that generates stochastic precipitation data from local historical data sets using a Markov Chain and bootstrapping method. Precipitation is applied to urban watersheds with parcel and street areas. LID scenarios and associated adoption and repaving rates are then used to perform multiple 30 year simulations, during which the difference in runoff is calculated using a water balance. The application needs to store parcel and street specifications and also offer a management interface, both of which must be accessible through the internet. The results of this are: an efficient tool to support LIDRA in terms of storage, retrieval and analysis of data and an integrated web application which allows users an easier way to input data and greatly reduce the time it takes to manage simulation modules via use of the graphical result interfaces that show the results produced. The technical underpinnings of this tool are highlighted using a small example.

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Kim, Jungho, Jungho Lee, Yangho Song, Heechan Han, and Jingul Joo. "Modeling the Runoff Reduction Effect of Low Impact Development Installations in an Industrial Area, South Korea." Water 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080967.

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Low-impact development (LID) methods are an important approach to storm-water mitigation. Modeling the effects of these installations using rainfall-runoff simulations can provide useful data for future design and implementation. In this study, we used the Storm Water Management Model to assess seven types of LID installations (vegetated areas, garden pots, tree filter boxes, permeable pavement, infiltration ditches, rain barrels, and infiltration blocks) at a South Korean industrial site. Using both short- and long-term simulation periods and distinct sub-basins within the study site, we were able to assess LID performance at the combined watershed, as well as at one LID facility. All LID types showed reasonable performance for storm-water runoff reduction, though rain barrels were the least effective. The effect of rainfall runoff reduction on LID facilities is changed according to rainfall depth (annual precipitation, monthly rainfall), the ratio of drainage area and facility capacity. We concluded that SWMM-LID modeling can effectively support the management of LID installations by providing additional design and planning data to better mitigate the effects of storm-water runoff.

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Wilkerson, G. Wayne, William H. McAnally, James L. Martin, Jeff A. Ballweber, Kim Collins Pevey, Jairo Diaz-Ramirez, and Austin Moore. "Latis: A Spatial Decision Support System to Assess Low-Impact Site Development Strategies." Advances in Civil Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/810402.

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Significant advances have been made in the use of spatial and hydrologic models to quantify the impact of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low-Impact Development (LID) practices on water quality. Further advances are the goal of this work to add selection of BMP/LID and calculation of implementation costs, all integrated into a spatial decision support system (DSS). The Hydrologic Simulation Program in FORTRAN (HSPF), an unsteady flow model, was combined with links to desktop spatial data analysis tools, a spreadsheet listing BMP/LID and their implementation, operation, and maintenance cost data. Testing of the DSS, named Latis, allowed improvements in direct design of BMP, and a survey of landscape and engineering practitioners provided the impetus for a simplified version, Latis-LIDIA.

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Graham, Patrick, Laura Maclean, Dan Medina, Avinash Patwardhan, and Gabor Vasarhelyi. "The Role of Water Balance Modelling in the Transition to Low Impact Development." Water Quality Research Journal 39, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.046.

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Abstract Low impact development (LID) is increasingly being viewed by local governments and developers alike as a viable approach to stormwater management that can effectively protect aquatic habitat and water quality. LID relies on distributed runoff management measures that seek to control stormwater volume at the source by reducing imperviousness and retaining, infiltrating and reusing rainwater at the development site. Early conventional stormwater management practices tended to focus on stormwater quantity and controlling a few extreme rainfall events, whereas the more frequent storms, which represent the majority of total runoff volume, carry most of the pollutants, and control the geomorphology of streams, were addressed in stormwater quality design practiced during the last decade. These frequent events are most effectively managed with a volume control approach, often described as stormwater source control or Low impact development (LID). Such an approach is described in this paper, demonstrating how water balance modelling can be an effective tool for evaluating and supporting implementation of LID options such as bioretention, pervious paving, numerous types of infiltration systems, rainwater reuse and green roofs. It also discusses recently developed water balance modelling software, including an Internet-based planning tool and a design optimization tool.

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Li, Nan, Lina Xie, Pengfei Du, and Xiaochan Huang. "Multi-Criteria Evaluation for China Low-Impact Development Based on Principal Component Analysis." Water 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111547.

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Multiple benefit evaluation may become complicated due to varied and unquantifiable indicators. This study presents a multicriteria approach to evaluate Low Impact Development (LID) performance through an aggregation of principal component analysis and correlation analysis (PCCA). The approach is based on the rule of triple bottom line and complies with the China-specific planning land-use type and site-specific hydrologic and hydrologic condition. The quantitative indicators are coupled with the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) software and filed investigation; the qualitative indicators are valued by a numerical unit system that converts the level of importance to numbers 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1. The results indicate that the PCCA approach could evaluate the LID performance with fewer dimensions of variables based on environmental, economic and social concerns comprehensively. The principal components concentrated on three streams: (1) runoff quantity and quality control; (2) minimize cost and improve robustness; and (3) improve system management and aesthetic enhancement. Taken together, these streams match the objective of sponge city construction with LID techniques. The PCCA approach is a multicriteria decision-aid tool that helps the decision maker choose the appropriate LID technique.

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Shafique, Muhammad, and Reeho Kim. "Low Impact Development Practices: A Review of Current Research and Recommendations for Future Directions." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 543–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2015-0032.

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AbstractA low impact development (LID) is an alternative land development approach for managing stormwater that has been recommended instead of the traditional stormwater design. The main purpose of LID is to reduce the impact of development on water related problems through the use of stormwater management practices that infiltrate, evaporate, or harvest and use stormwater on the site where it falls. In recent years, more research has been carried out on the individual practice of LID such as bioretention, pervious pavements, rain garden and grassed swales. Nowadays LID practices have been successfully used to manage stormwater runoff, improve water quality, protect the environmental and hydrological aspects of the developed areas. Bioretention cells have been effectively used in retaining large volumes of runoff and pollutants on site. Pervious pavements have been extremely effective practice in infiltrating stormwater runoff as early as possible as rain fall on site and store a large quantity of water. Nowadays, sand ditch a new water harvesting technique is used that significantly reduces runoff and sediment losses and increases infiltration and soil loss. This paper highlights evidence in the literature regarding the beneficial uses of LID practices and encourage to adopt these practices for environmental friendly construction and sustainable development in the world.

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Lee, Seung Won, and Reeho Kim. "Study of Benefit Characteristics for Low Impact Development (LID) Facilities demonstrated in Seoul Metropolitan." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 38, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2016.38.6.299.

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Kaykhosravi, Sahereh, Usman Khan, and Amaneh Jadidi. "A Comprehensive Review of Low Impact Development Models for Research, Conceptual, Preliminary and Detailed Design Applications." Water 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111541.

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This review compares and evaluates eleven Low Impact Development (LID) models on the basis of: (i) general model features including the model application, the temporal resolution, the spatial data visualization, the method of placing LID within catchments; (ii) hydrological modelling aspects including: the type of inbuilt LIDs, water balance model, runoff generation and infiltration; and (iii) hydraulic modelling methods with a focus on the flow routing method. Results show that despite the recent updates of existing LID models, several important features are still missing and need improvement. These features include the ability to model: multi-layer subsurface media, tree canopy and processes associated with vegetation, different spatial scales, snowmelt and runoff calculations. This review provides in-depth insight into existing LID models from a hydrological and hydraulic point of view, which will facilitate in selecting the best-suited model. Recommendations on further studies and LID model development are also presented.

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김동현 and 최희선. "The Planning Process and Simulation for Low Impact Development(LID) in Waterfront Area." Journal of Environmental Policy 12, no. 1 (March 2013): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17330/joep.12.1.201303.37.

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Peng, Jing, Xiang Zhong, Lei Yu, and Qianqian Wang. "Simulating rainfall runoff and assessing low impact development (LID) facilities in sponge airport." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 5 (August 24, 2020): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.400.

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Abstract The appearance of extreme weather causes frequent airport flooding, which has a serious impact on the normal operation of an airport. In this study, three simulation scenarios are set in order to study the effect of low impact development (LID) facilities (green roof and vegetative swale) on the water depth of overflow junctions and total inflow to the study area outlet in an airport at different rainfall return periods (2 a, 5 a, 20 a and 50 a). Vegetative swale has better reduction effect on water depth of overflow junctions than has green roof. The reduction rate of vegetative swale is about 25–52% at different rainfall return periods, but the effect of green roof is not obvious. For the double peak rainstorm, the reduction effect on the water depth of overflow junctions after setting vegetative swale for the first rain peak is better than that for the second rain peak. Under the condition of 2 a, 5 a, and 20 a, the total inflow reduction rates of study area outlet after applied green roof and vegetative swale are 16.85%, 20% and 22.17% respectively, and the effect is poor (only 2.26%) at low-frequency return period (50 a). This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design of LID facilities of a sponge airport.

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Martin-Mikle, Chelsea J., Kirsten M. de Beurs, Jason P. Julian, and Paul M. Mayer. "Identifying priority sites for low impact development (LID) in a mixed-use watershed." Landscape and Urban Planning 140 (August 2015): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.04.002.

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Kim, Dongwook, Taehyung Park, Kyounghak Hyun, and Woojin Lee. "Life cycle greenhouse-gas emissions from urban area with low impact development (LID)." Advances in environmental research 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2013): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/aer.2013.2.4.279.

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Lin, Jen-Yang, Ti-Chi Yuan, and Chi-Feng Chen. "Water Retention Performance at Low-Impact Development (LID) Field Sites in Taipei, Taiwan." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020759.

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Low-impact development (LID) aims to retain stormwater at source sites rather than achieve water drainage. The infiltration and storage of rainwater on site is the most commonly applied LID design concept, turning impervious pavements into pervious pavements. In this study, three field sites in Taipei city, Taiwan, were monitored. Two of the sites were located on campuses, and one site was a roadside location. They were constructed at different times and had distinct purposes, but the common design aspect was the infiltration function of the ground surface. We monitored the water retention performance at the above three sites and applied a verified stormwater management model (SWMM) to characterize the performance at these case sites. The observed data show that if the accumulative rainfall was lower than 20 mm, the water retention rate at each of the three case sites reached almost 50%; at 60 mm rainfall, the rate was 40%. With increased rainfall amount, the water retention rate decreased because the storage capacity was limited. Because water retention is typically controlled by the infiltration capacity, the rainfall intensity dominated the performance. At the three field sites, the water retention rate was 40% on average at a rainfall intensity below 20 mm/h. Above this rainfall intensity, the infiltration performance of the pervious pavement decreased. The verified model was applied to assess the performance at the three sites under the Taipei city drainage system design standard, i.e., the five-year recurrent period storm level, at 78.8 mm/h. The results demonstrate that the water retention rates were 9.1%, 14.2%, and 61.0% at the three sites, indicating that the pervious pavement could reduce the loading of the current stormwater drainage system. Dispersed sites should be considered in urban stormwater management to mitigate flooding risk in urban areas.

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LeBleu, Charlene, Mark Dougherty, Keith Rahn, Amy Wright, Ryan Bowen, Rui Wang, Jeisson Orjuela, and Kaylee Britton. "Quantifying Thermal Characteristics of Stormwater through Low Impact Development Systems." Hydrology 6, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6010016.

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Urbanization causes alteration of the thermal regime (surface, air, and water) of the environment. Heated stormwater runoff flows into lakes, streams, bays, and estuaries, which potentially increases the base temperature of the surface water. The amount of heat transferred, and the degree of thermal pollution is of great importance to the ecological integrity of receiving waters. This research reports on a controlled laboratory scale test to assess low impact development (LID) stormwater control measure impacts on the thermal characteristics of stormwater runoff. We hypothesize that LID stormwater control measures (SCMs) such as pervious surfaces and rain gardens/bioretention can be used to mitigate the ground level thermal loads from stormwater runoff. Laboratory methods in this study captured and infiltrated simulated stormwater runoff from four infrared heated substrate microcosms (pervious concrete, impervious concrete, permeable concrete pavers, and turf grass), and routed the stormwater through rain garden microcosms. A data logging system with thermistors located on, within, and at exits of the microcosms, recorded resulting stormwater temperature flux. Researchers compared steady state temperatures of the laboratory to previously collected field data and achieved between 30% to 60% higher steady state surface temperatures with indoor than outdoor test sites. This research helps establish baseline data to study heat removal effectiveness of pervious materials when used alone or in combination as a treatment train with other stormwater control measures such as rain gardens/bioretention.

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Kim, Eung Seok. "Analysis of Runoff According to Application of SWMM-LID Element Technology (I): Parameter Sensitivity Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.437.

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An increase in the ratio of impermeable area due to urban watersheds and industrial development has led to an increase in nonpoint source pollution and floodplains. In order to solve these problems, development and application of low impact development (LID), which is a rainwater management facility, is actively underway. In this study (I), parameters and ranges applied to the Storm Water Management Model-Low Impact Development (SWMM-LID) model are examined. To this end, 100 scenarios were created through the simulation method within the parameter range, and the sensitivity of peak and total runoff to the influence of the parameters of each element technology dealing with runoff was analyzed. As a result, bio retention cell, green roof, rain garden, rain barrell, in the given order, showed a sensitive response. However, since the LID element technology itself is intended to store low-frequency small-scale rainfall, it is important to understand the degree of rainfall, from low to high frequency. Further, the results of this study can be used as basic data for the design and development of LID element technology and performance verification of LID facilities.

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Kaykhosravi, Sarah, Usman T. Khan, and Mojgan A. Jadidi. "The Effect of Climate Change and Urbanization on the Demand for Low Impact Development for Three Canadian Cities." Water 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051280.

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Climate change and urbanization are increasing the intensity and frequency of floods in urban areas. Low Impact Development (LID) is a technique which attenuates runoff and manages urban flooding. However, the impact of climate change and urbanization on the demand or need for LID in cities for both current and future conditions is not known. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the demand for LID under different climate change and urban growth scenarios based on a physical-based geospatial framework called the hydrological-hydraulic index (HHI). To do this, 12 scenarios considering four climate change and three urbanization conditions were developed. The HHI for three cities in Canada (Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver) were estimated, evaluated, and compared for these scenarios. The results show that both urbanization and climate change increase the demand for LID. The contribution of climate change and urbanization on LID demand, measured using HHI, varies for each city: in Toronto and Montreal, high rainfall intensity and low permeability mean that climate change is dominant, whereas, in Vancouver, both climate change and urbanization have a similar impact on LID demand. Toronto and Montreal also have a higher overall demand for LID and the rate of increase in demand is higher over the study period. The results of this study provide us with a comprehensive understanding of the effect of climate and urbanization on the demand for LID, which can be used for flood management, urban planning, and sustainable development of cities.

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Lee, Dong Chan. "Restoration of Water Cycle by a Rainwater Management System Applied to Low Impact Development (LID)." Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17820/eri.2016.3.2.130.

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Liu, Bing, Gang Xie, Yousheng Wang, Xiaolin Yin, Xiaoming Zhang, and Yang Zhao. "Storm Water and Contamination Control Efficiency Evaluation for Construction of a Neighborhood Project Using Low Impact Development." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601068.

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Urban flooding and water pollution are urgent problems to be solved in urban development. The improvement of urban drainage and water quality in urban construction using ecological measures is an important research task. Low impact development (LID) is a new concept in soil and water conservation aimed at improving urban rainwater use and reducing non-point source pollution. This paper discusses the best management practices (BMPs) related to storm water and contamination control efficiency by comparing pre-development and post-development neighborhoods (both conventional and LID designs). The study area was Weatherford, Oklahoma, United States. The results showed that conventional design had the lowest total runoff but highest peak rate, infiltration trenches with rain barrels were more efficient than bioswales, and the use of LID design would reduce total runoff and peak rate significantly. However, LID design would increase construction and annual maintenance fees.

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Zischg, Jonatan, Peter Zeisl, Daniel Winkler, Wolfgang Rauch, and Robert Sitzenfrei. "On the sensitivity of geospatial low impact development locations to the centralized sewer network." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 7 (February 13, 2018): 1851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.060.

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Abstract In the future, infrastructure systems will have to become smarter, more sustainable, and more resilient requiring new methods of urban infrastructure design. In the field of urban drainage, green infrastructure is a promising design concept with proven benefits to runoff reduction, stormwater retention, pollution removal, and/or the creation of attractive living spaces. Such ‘near-nature’ concepts are usually distributed over the catchment area in small scale units. In many cases, these above-ground structures interact with the existing underground pipe infrastructure, resulting in hybrid solutions. In this work, we investigate the effect of different placement strategies for low impact development (LID) structures on hydraulic network performance of existing drainage networks. Based on a sensitivity analysis, geo-referenced maps are created which identify the most effective LID positions within the city framework (e.g. to improve network resilience). The methodology is applied to a case study to test the effectiveness of the approach and compare different placement strategies. The results show that with a simple targeted LID placement strategy, the flood performance is improved by an additional 34% as compared to a random placement strategy. The developed map is easy to communicate and can be rapidly applied by decision makers when deciding on stormwater policies.

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Han, Kyung Soo, and Yong Soon Park. "Improvement of Infiltration by Applying Hybrid Low Impact Development (LID) Infiltration Pipes in an Urban Area." Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17820/eri.2016.3.2.126.

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Seo, Mijin, Fouad Jaber, Raghavan Srinivasan, and Jaehak Jeong. "Evaluating the Impact of Low Impact Development (LID) Practices on Water Quantity and Quality under Different Development Designs Using SWAT." Water 9, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w9030193.

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Gu, Su-Hwan, Yunhee Lee, and Seong-Wook Oa. "Enhanced Method for Environmental Benefit via Application of Low Impact Development (LID) Technique in Tram Design." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2016.19.6.826.

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Lee, Eun-Yeob, Kyoung-Hak Hyun, Jin-Sung Hou, Mi-Ok Park, and Bon-Hak Koo. "Comparison of Flooding Tolerance for the Selection of Plants in Vegetation-Based Low Impact Development Facilities." Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 23, no. 6 (December 31, 2014): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14249/eia.2014.23.6.466.

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Kang, Jung-Eun, Kyoung-Hak Hyun, and Jong-Bin Park. "Assessment of Low Impact Development (LID) Integrated in Local Comprehensive Plans for Improving Urban Water Cycle." Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 1625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2014.34.5.1625.

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Li, Junqi, Yongwei Gong, Xiaojing Li, Dingkun Yin, and Honghong Shi. "Urban stormwater runoff thermal characteristics and mitigation effect of low impact development measures." Journal of Water and Climate Change 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.145.

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Abstract Thermal pollution has become a severe environmental problem in China, but studies on thermal characteristics of urban stormwater runoff are scarce. The thermal enrichment of runoff from typical land surfaces was assessed during 2012–2014 in Beijing and Shenzhen, China. The temperature of stormwater runoff from rooftops, grass surfaces and different types of road surfaces was investigated under different rainfall conditions. The mitigation effects of low impact development (LID) measures were also evaluated. Impervious asphalt or concrete surfaces store and transfer heat, and were found to cause thermal enrichment of runoff from the start of a rainfall event. In addition to surface types, pre-event weather conditions and rainfall intensity influenced runoff temperature. The pervious surface of open graded friction course (OGFC) pavement postponed the time of peak runoff temperature. The retention volume of bioretention cells resulted in thermal energy mitigation by directing runoff into the soil and vegetative cover. The grass swales showed effective reduction of runoff temperature by approximately 1–2°C compared to asphalt, concrete and marble pavements. Therefore, LID measures, such as OGFC porous pavements, bioretention cells and grass swales, can mitigate the thermal impacts of urban stormwater runoff and alleviate resulting ecological problems.

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Wu, Jiansheng, Ying Chen, Rui Yang, and Yuhao Zhao. "Exploring the Optimal Cost-Benefit Solution for a Low Impact Development Layout by Zoning, as Well as Considering the Inundation Duration and Inundation Depth." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 4990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124990.

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Urban flooding now occurs frequently and low impact development (LID) has been widely implemented as an effective resilience strategy to improve storm water management. This study constructed the inundation curve to dynamically simulate the disaster, and established an inundation severity indicator (ISI) and cost-effectiveness indicator (CEI) to quantify the severity and cost effectiveness at each site. The study set 10 different density scenarios using a zonal approach. The results showed that LID could reduce the overall ISI value, but as the construction increased, the CEI exhibited a downward trend, showing that there is a marginal utility problem in LID. However, the performance of CEI differed slightly in areas of different severity. In the vulnerable resilience zone, the CEI increased initially and then decreased, and the optimal cost–benefit combination was 60% permeable pavement +20% green roof +50% vegetative swale. The mutual effects of LID measures in different zones led to synergistic or antagonistic effects on LID. This study explored the tradeoff between the resilience enhancement effect and strategy transformation cost, and determined the optimal combination of the LID strategy, thereby providing a new analytical perspective for the sustainable development of sponge cities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low Impact Development (LID)'

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