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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Low income housing for urban poor'
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1
Clifton, Kelly. "Mobility strategies and provisioning activities of low-income households in Austin, Texas /." Digital version, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008305.
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Garba, Shaibu B. (Shaibu Bala). "Urban land policies and low income housing in metropolitan Kano, Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61295.
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The scarcity and inaccessibility of land in urban areas has become a major obstacle in the provision of housing to low-income groups in developing countries. This thesis studies the land policies and practices in Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria, and investigates the issues and problems hindering the adequate supply of residential land to low-income groups.The thesis commences with a general study of urban land policies and low-income housing in developing countries. It examines the nature of housing problems in developing countries, the role of land in the housing problems, issues addressed by land policies, and policy measures and strategies used. The general study is followed by a specific study of the land policies and practices in the study area. The policy and institutional management frameworks are identified and examined. The roles of the major institutions are explained. The last section identifies and examines the main issues and problems with the existing policies.
The thesis concludes that actions are necessary to address the identified issues and problems with the policies in order to avoid chaos. Suggestions for policy reform are made.
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Suárez, Ana Lourdes. "Structure and consequences of socioeconomic segregation in poor Buenos Aires settlements." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3288958.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 24, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 290-304).
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Majale, Michael Matthew. "Settlement upgrading in Kenya : the case for environmental planning and management strategies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/969.
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Environmental degradation from problems of the 'Brown Agenda' is an everyday reality in Kenya's rapidly growing urban centres; and it is the low-income majority who are most affected. Deficient water supply and sanitation, inadequate solid waste disposal, and poor drainage are among the foremost problems that characterize informal settlements in which indigent urbanites are compelled to live. Analysis of environmental problems at settlement and household level can provide vital information about the appraisive environmental perceptions and cognitions of inhabitants of informal settlements, as well as their satisfaction with the infrastructural services to which they have access and their housing conditions, in general. Such information is essential to the formulation of apposite strategies for sustainable improvement of environmental conditions in informal settlements. Based largely on a comprehensive review of theoretical perspectives on the urban housing question in the South, international policy responses and experiences with settlement upgrading, this thesis seeks a better understanding of the socioeconomic and physio-environmental dynamics of urban low-income informal settlements and the formulation and implementation of upgrading policies. A comparative analysis of two majengos in Kenya-one of which has been upgraded while the other has not-serves to contextualize the study. The central thesis in the present study is that settlement upgrading is the most rational approach to improving the residential circumstances of the urban poor majority in Kenya. Applying a fundamentally liberal approach, the development of pragmatic opportunities is discussed, and pursuable policies and programmes, which are realistic and implementable, for effective environmental planning and management of urban low-income informal settlements in Kenya are proposed.
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Mayer, Richard Campbell. "Low-income housing in Kampala, Uganda : a strategy package to overcome barriers for delivering housing opportunities affordable to the urban poor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67233.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, June 2011."June 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
The city of Kampala, Uganda, is struggling with a housing deficit that is compounding each year and creating market distortions that threaten to derail recent economic success and destabilize the social fabric of the community. The majority of government and private developers who build new housing are only providing units affordable to Kampala's minority of wealthy and well-connected elites. The majority of Kampala's residents are low-income earners who currently live in unplanned slum neighborhoods that consist of mostly informal rental housing. Inflating land values, exorbitant infrastructure costs and the lack of affordable home finance mechanisms are preventing the delivery of affordable housing to the majority of city residents. The same factors that are compounding the housing crisis in Kampala can be leveraged and reversed to create new opportunities that incentivize the private sector to deliver housing for the low-income market. Developers who construct middle-class housing products should be given tax discounts in exchange for formal commitments to deliver simple and well-planned housing estates for low-income families. This strategy provides a monetary incentive for private developers to bring their project management efficiencies into the low-income market and facilitates the government's need to placate social and political pressure to improve the local housing sector's performance for Ugandans at all levels of household income. To achieve these goals, pre-tax profits generated by a private developer utilizing tax incentives provided through a public/private partnership with government are reinvested into low-income housing projects built by the same developer. On the periphery of Kampala, where many development costs are significantly lower, new housing opportunities can be built and sold for a low price while generating a profit. Existing community groups and NGO programs can form a service network to help reduce the credit risk of low-income families and help them apply for "micromortgage" products to become homeowners and shift away from survival economics to working towards economic self-sufficiency. This program can be implemented to a large scale if supported by the "three pillars" of the "affordable housing cycle" that are: public/private development incentives, community training programs and customized low-income mortgage products. Government can achieve a more diversified real estate market and establish a formal planning process for suburban communities to accommodate the approaching urbanization of the city. Developers earn strong profits while expanding capacity and creating jobs. And finally, this strategy can begin a transformative process to bring poor families out of city slums and into formal housing, providing an avenue for increased civic engagement and entrepreneurship for people stuck in the poverty trap.
by Richard Campbell Mayer.
M.C.P.
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Ma, Yiu-chung Denis. "Urban renewal as exclusionary activities : a case study of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19131173.
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Wilson, Andrea S. "Gettin' out of the Projects : an examination of the relocation experiences of seven adolescents formerly residing in the Robert Taylor Homes /." Boca Raton, Fla. : Dissertation.com, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3270051.
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Desai, Vandana. "Aspects of community participation among slum dwellers in achieving housing in Bombay." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4839cdd-effd-4ff2-975a-9a73c7b31d75.
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This thesis is concerned with the housing and service needs of the poor (slum dwellers) in Bombay and how they are articulated and satisfied. It discusses how the poor perceive the constraints on slum servicing and improvement, their involvement in community organizations, and the role the community and its leaders play in influencing state action. Since housing and servicing issues directly impinge on the interests of politicians and bureaucrats as well as on those of the poor, patterns of provision mirror closely the nature of the relationship between the poor and how political and administrative power operates at various levels. Chapter 1 provides the research aims and objectives while Chapter 2 reviews the literature on community participation. Chapter 3 on Bombay places housing development in context and also serves as background study to the thesis. This research studies three different slum settlements housing migrants to Bombay. Two surveys of these three slum settlements were carried out, involving interviews with 135 households. Chapter 4 describes the characteristics of these households, while chapters 5, 6, and 7 give the arguments of the thesis. It is shown that, despite an established system of representative community organisations and a pro-participation rhetoric in bureaucratic discourse, most slum dwellers are excluded from participating in decision-making. A patron-client relationship exists between politicians, bureaucrats and community leaders, both in determining the community leaders' power as well as the level of services and physical benefits that he/she could win for the slum community. Leaders are generally better educated, better employed, more prosperous and highly motivated than most of their community. The NGO in this study has acted mainly as intermediary between the government and the slum-dwellers.
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Navarro, Ignacio Antonio. "Housing tenure, property rights, and urban development in developing countries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24668.
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The dissertation explores how distinctive institutional factors related to property rights
determine urban development patterns and housing tenure modalities in a developing economy context. The first part proposes a choice-theoretic model that explains the existence of the
Antichresis contractual arrangement as a way to temporarily divide property rights. The model
explains why the Antichresis contract dominates the Periodic-Rent contract in terms of landlord
profits for certain types of property in which the gains in expected profits from solving the
problem of adverse selection of tenants offset the loss of expected profits created by the moral
hazard in landlords investments. The empirical section of the dissertation provides evidence in
support of the model. Using data from Bolivia, I find that property types that require less
landlord maintenance investment have higher capitalization rates under Antichresis contracts
than they would under Monthly-Rent contracts and vice-versa. Additionally, the model shows that the Antichresis contract has limited capacity for helping the poor as suggested by recent literature. On the contrary, it can be hurtful for the poor in markets were landlords have limited information about tenants, in markets with inefficient court systems, or in markets with tenant-friendly regulations.
The second part of the dissertation explores the issue of squatter settlements in the developing world. The theoretical model presented in this part explains how the landlord squatter
strategies based on credible threats drive capital investment incentives and ultimately
shape urban land development in areas with pervasive squatting. The model predicts that squatter settlements develop with higher structural densities than formal sector development. This prediction explains why property owners of housing that originated in squatter settlements take longer periods of time to upgrade than comparable property owners who built in the formal sector even after they receive titles to their property. The higher original structural density increases the marginal benefit of waiting in the redeveloping decision creating a legacy effect of high-density low-quality housing in these types of settlements. Geo-coded data from Cochabamba, Bolivia, support the hypotheses proposed by the theoretical model and raise questions about the unintended consequences of current policies affecting informal development.
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Nziweni, Andy Thabo. "The effects of prevailing attitudes to informal settlements on housing delivery in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2549.
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Thesis (MTech (Architectural Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Informal settlements are increasing in the cities of the global South in line with the rapid rate of urbanisation that is taking place in countries of this region. The growth of informal settlements in these countries has been exacerbated by factors that are unique to this region, factors such as scarcity of resources, colonial legacies and rapid urbanisation. Cape Town, a city that relates to the global South both in terms of geographical location and socio-economic context, has also seen a rapid growth of informal settlements, particularly in the last two decades. Like other cities in this region, Cape Town has ambitions of being regarded as a global city. Global cities are modelled on cities of the global North such as London, New York and Tokyo. Beyond the economic prestige that is generally associated with the cities of the global North, the imagery that they conjure up is also seen as an inspiration to be emulated by cities across the world, and it does not include informal settlements. As such, informal settlements generate a host of attitudes. Attitudes towards informal settlements don’t just emanate from political authorities, but emanate from across the spectrum that constitutes inhabitants and interest groups in these cities, including the creators of informal settlements themselves. These individuals and interests, according to their social standing and thus influence, have varying degrees of agency in the matters related to informal settlements. The aim in this study is to probe the effect of these attitudes on housing delivery to the poor. Attitudes not only influence the choice of what is regarded as the norm, but also how any entity that is regarded as the ‘other’ is evaluated. Almost without exception, cities that have been characterised by large numbers of informal settlements have attempted, without success, to eradicate informal settlements from their urban fabrics. An overarching assumption in this study is that the resilience of informal settlements says something about their necessity, and the failure by some, to recognise this necessity or the utilitarian value of informal settlements is influenced by attitudes. This research is done by first using a literature review to elucidate on: • the social condition, that is, the phenomenon of informal settlements, • the relevant theories applicable to the academic field the thesis is anchored in (architecture) and other social orders impacting architecture such as modernism, • the construct of attitudes and its impacts on beliefs, evaluations and perceptions on the affect of objects. The Joe Slovo informal settlement is then used as an analytic case study to investigate the effects of attitudes on the dynamics that have seen the site being transformed into what had been conceived as a prototype for transforming informal settlements to formal housing. The study shows that such transformations, although often carried out in the name of changing the lives of the inhabitants of informal settlements, do not necessarily entail them remaining at the site post its transformation. In the case of Joe Slovo, it actually resulted in a sizeable number of the original inhabitants being relocated to a new, less favourable site.
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Fung, Annie H. "Low income rental housing in Canada : policies, programs and livability." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56994.
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The government has through many legislations initiated programs to provide housing for those who cannot afford housing in the private market. From 1945, the government has continuously tried to fulfill those housing needs and to improve living conditions. This thesis is an overview of the policies, programs and livability of low rental housing in Canada.This study is divided into three parts. In the first part, there is a factual description of the circumstances and policies that have influenced the development of low rental housing since 1945. The second part assesses the demand and tenant characteristics for such housing. Three types of low income housing: public housing, low rental housing and cooperatives, are compared to measure their merits. The third part analyses the design criteria for such housing with reference to projects built in Montreal, Quebec. Tenants' opinions on what is satisfactory in housing projects are discussed and appropriate management policies are suggested. In the conclusion, government policies of the past, and some recent developments are summarized, and future strategies suggested.
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Núñez-Ollero, Cynthia A. "Innovations in housing finance--private sector funds for low income housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69281.
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Fogelman, Catherine S. 1969. "The syndication of low-income housing tax credits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66387.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 47).
The low-income housing tax credit is the primary governmental incentive for the development of affordable housing. This public policy initiative has become attractive to investors because in exchange for an equity investment, they receive tax credits, which serve to reduce their federal income tax liability. Widely held C corporations, due to specifications of the tax code, can utilize tax credits better than any other investor class. Serving as financial intermediaries, syndicators complete the low-income housing tax credit market by bringing together developers, who sell tax credits, and corporations, who purchase these credits. This thesis addresses the role of the for-profit syndicator as the financial intermediary in this market. Syndicators add value by filling informational gaps, providing diversification, and managing risk for investors. In exchange for these and other services, investors pay syndicators a load, which covers fees and expenses. Boston Financial, one of the nation's largest syndicators, has provided information and data for this study. As a means of addressing the value of the syndicator, a performance analysis of Boston Financial's first ten tax credit funds has been performed. This analysis shows that these funds are returning impressive yields. Stated objectives are being met both in terms of yield and tax credit delivery. As this market has matured, pressure on syndicator loads has increased due to competition and falling yields. In such an environment, a syndicator's track record and reputation for delivering yield and managing risk gain importance. As the market continues to evolve, downward pressure on fees is expected to continue.
by Catherine S. Fogelman.
S.M.
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Akindude, P. O. "Issues in low-income urban housing, with reference to Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.640270.
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Since the 1950s, towns and cities of the Less Developed Countries have been experiencing unprecedentedly high rates of population growth. The limited urban housing stock have not been able to cope with the demand for housing. The limited housing units become overcrowded, slums develop in central area of cities, and squatter settlements grow at the periphery. Many ideas such as slum clearance and public housing have been tried in improving the appalling housing situation, which affects mainly the low-income population in urban centres, but with no significant results. Contemporary housing ideas of sites-and-services and upgrading which became gradually accepted from the early 1970s are yet to have pronounced impact on the urban housing condition in Less Developed Countries. Despite the gradual but steady movement by governments of many Less Developed Countries towards sites-and-services and upgrading, public housing, with its high financial cost to the government and its many inadequacies to the low-income groups, continues to be the national housing approach in Nigeria. This thesis is an attempt to examine urban housing approaches in the Less Developed Countries since about the 1950s and, with reference to Nigeria, identify the current major issues in adequately providing housing for the majority of the urban population. Consideration is then given to posible approaches to tackling issues, particularly under the prevailing economic climate in Nigeria. Chapter one is a general introduction to the thesis and it also gives a brief background to the low-income people in Nigeria. Chapter two discusses the urban housing situation in Nigeria and examines various attempts at improving it, particularly with reference to the low-income people. Chapter three reviews the different housing ideas that have evolved over the years, from the 1950s, in Less Developed Countries in an attempt to find a solution to the urban housing problems. In an attempt to improve the situation of low-income peoples' housing in Less Developed Countries, many governments experiment with contemporary housing ideas of sites-and-services and upgrading. Chapter four examines some of the experiments. The experiments with recent ideas by some countries in chapter four show that despite the inherent advantages of sites-and-services and upgrading over previous housing ideas, such as public housing, some major issues are yet to be adequately addressed. Such issues are examined in chapter five. Chapter six is a general discussion on the current major isues identified in the thesis and consideration is then given to possible approaches to tackling them in Nigeria.
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Chakava, Yolanda. "'Transition Phase' water supply interventions in low-income urban settlements, Kenya." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8475.
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A multitude of transitional water supply and distribution interventions are continually piloted in Kenya’s fast-growing urban settlements to meet national and global MDG targets, yet visible problems persist regardless of the investments made. This research evaluates the performance of four interventions led by public utilities and non- governmental organisations in the low-income settlements of Nairobi, Kisumu and Nakuru counties. To understand the service improvement received by the residents, this study used qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions and quantitative data from 1,168 household surveys. Service level analysis results showed making water more affordable using pre-paid technology reduced the effective price by 75% and increased consumption per household by 20 litres per day, resulting in the highest service progress. Improving water accessibility for the very poor via hosepipe door-step delivery reduced the burden on women carrying water by 43% although efforts failed to reduce the pricing structure, limiting the progress. Subsidised ‘first-time’ metered plot connections to increase the utility customer base experienced shortages in water supply and reluctance from landlords, restricting development. Despite showing no positive change, 81% of residents continued to rely on expensive self-supplied boreholes which were all contaminated. Although the utilities have made positive strides in service improvement, in the context of universal service this study has shown that the very poor remain the most difficult to access, forming the target of discrete interventions that experience difficulties in influencing a reliable supply, sustained price reduction and/or good water quality – essentially what is needed most. In investigating the longer term supply and demand shortfall, this study concludes that the equitable supply and innovative distribution of point source groundwater, with a bias for the poorest, could be the most resilient transitional solution for the utility to promote in the foreseeable future, out of necessity rather than desire.
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Smith, Marlene Marie. "Housing finance in Jamaica : the National Housing Trust as a model for providing low-income housing?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70269.
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O'Bryant, Richard Louis 1964. "Low-income communities : technological strategies for nurturing community, empowerment and self-sufficiency at a low-income housing development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26910.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, February 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-230).
There are a number of historically familiar and unfamiliar forces at work in low-income communities in the United States. Recurrent forces include rapidly changing economic and demographic trends, Welfare Reform, and the increasing demand for affordable housing and a living wage. This thesis, through research-based exploration and observations of a particular information technology transfer project, considers a relatively contemporary concern known as the Digital Divide (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, 1997, 1999 & 2000) and examines the impacts that IT may have on low-income residents' ability to address their own challenges. This thesis uses data collected from a two-year longitudinal study, which we called the Camfield Estates-MIT Creating Community Connections Project, in order to address the following question(s): Can personal computing and high-speed Internet access support community building efforts; and can this access to technology empower low-income community residents to do more themselves? We gain insight into the likelihood that residents who have a personal computer and Internet access in their homes will feel a sense of community, will experience an increase in their social contact with others, and will strengthen their social ties. This research also explores whether outcomes gained through in-home computing can promote an increased sense of empowerment and the capacity to independently access relevant information related to a resident's needs, wants or purposes. Camfield Estates is a small, low- to moderate-income, housing development in Roxbury, Massachusetts with significant historical ties to its surrounding community.
(cont.) Camfield's residents and its leaders' developmental successes and difficulties provided a unique opportunity to observe the effects of in-home computing on project participants' ability to communicate with other participants, fellow residents and family and friends outside of the Camfield community. Thirty-seven participating households received a free computer and training with 20 completing follow-up interviews. The majority of participating households were single parent, African-American and Hispanic female-headed households with related children under 18 years of age. Results indicated significant computer and Internet use and some positive correlation between frequency of in-home computing/internet use and participants feeling a part of the Camfield community. There was no evidence that in-home computer use led to family and/or social isolation. In-home computing complemented by the local neighborhood technology center (NTC) was frequently used for activities consistent with a sense of empowerment and self- sufficiency goals. Despite the initiative's overall costs (hardware, software, training, Internet service and technical support), in-home computing appears to add a valuable dimension beyond the local NTC. Taking advantage of changing technology, improved web services, and opportunities for integration with other social services are likely to increase the potential value of in-home computing and reduce the cost and technical expertise required for future projects of this kind.
by Richard Louis O'Bryant.
Ph.D.
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Tyree, Deianna L. "Understanding low income urban black families' perceptions of education." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 172 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338865611&sid=16&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ameen, Shahidul. "Housing for the lower income people of Dhaka, Bangladesh : a pen-urban developent approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/349.
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The city of Dhaka has grown from a population of half a million to four million in 30 years. As the housing supply has failed to keep abreast of this growth, there is now serious overcrowding in a rapidly deteriorating housing stock. The topography of the city, being surrounded by low lying land liable to flooding, is a serious constraint to growth. The lower income group has been increasingly forced to occupy peripheral, often low-lying land. This thesis examines the housing conditions of the lower income people to be found in pen urban areas of Dhaka; a survey has been carried out of 424 households in three areas of Mirpur, Hazaribag and Jurain and then analyzed with computer. Through an analysis of the current housing stock and the socio-economic characteristics of the inhabitants, the afforbility of future housing options is assessed, with respect to the requirements of reclaiming land liable to flooding and the current speculation in land suitable for development purposes; the response of the dwellers is also examined to ensure their participation in the incremental developments of their units.
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Lam, Kam-wah. "The impacts of the privatization of public housing on low-income groups in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20126475.
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Murray, Margaret S. "A discrete choice model of housing selection by low-income urban renters." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164515/.
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Diaz, Ruiz Claudia E. (Claudia Esperanza). "Formal informal sector responses for housing low-income people in Colombia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65696.
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Bidandi, Fred. "The effects of poor implementation of housing policy in the Western Cape: a study case of Khayelitsha Site C." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7886_1256564275.
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The ANC government came to power in 1994 and has had to come to grips with many economic, social and political challenges it inherited from the apartheid regime. A majority of the people were marginalized and subjected to poor standards of living in areas that were inadequately provided for in terms of basic services. One of the biggest challenges the new government is facing is the delivery of services especially housing. Poor policy implementation continues to complicate the existing problems. The study critically examined the extent to which poor policy implementation has affected the provision of housing in Khayelitsha with focus on the respective stakeholders.
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Krishnaswamy, Vidya. "Minimum design standards strategies for specific urban locations with reference to India." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063105/.
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Mitullah, Winnie V. "State policy and urban housing in Kenya : the case of low income housing in Nairobi." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9809/.
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Mafico, C. J. C. "An analysis of public sector urban low income housing in Zimbabwe : An appropriate housing policy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378661.
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Zimbabwe faces the large and challenging task of providing adequate housing for her rapidly expanding population. This study aims to analyse and identify urban low income housing policy failures and to provide a foundation for an effective and viable policy based on local experience. The housing and planning standards applied to solve the low income housing problem are questionable. The symptoms of the housing problem have surfaced as inaffordable housing, growing housing deficits inter alia, and the increasing inability to meet the needs of the urban poor. Consequently it is imperative that solutions are found and applied. The study begins by tracing the historical background of the urban low income housing problem before proceeding to examining the traditional built environment. The latter is described in the hope that relevant lessons may be copied from the traditional response to housing provision. Methods and problems of compiling housing need/housing shortage figures are also analysed with respect to their suitability for application in Zimbabwe. The present housing policies are subsequently analysed with a view to identifying policy failures and the relevance of solutions based on indigenous local experience. In that respect, the housing and planning standards currently used in low income housing policy as well as the existing institutions for low income housing finance are examined. In the final chapter, a summary and conclusions, followed by the section on proposals are laid out. Several broad aspects of housing policy are advanced before actual suggestions in an alternative urban development strategy are put forward. The Bertaud Model is employed in the analysis and derivation of suggested house, plot and layout designs. The Plan Evaluation Matrix assists in effecting a systematic choice between generated options. In addition, the final chapter also touches on the relevance of rural development in finding a solution to the urban low income housing problem.
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Lai, Hing-hong. "The dynamic of privatizing public housing in Hong Kong : benefiting the better-off at the expense of the poor? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20123954.
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Lew-Hailer, Lillian. "Low income housing tax credit properties : non-profit disposition strategies in the Commonwealth." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40126.
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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-107).
This thesis examines how non-profit owners in Massachusetts have maintained affordability and ownership of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) properties after the initial fifteen-year compliance period, at the lowest possible cost. The intent is two-fold: to inform non-profit project sponsors about strategies leading to low-cost outcomes, and to advocate for policies that promote such low-cost outcomes. The impacts of the players in LIHTC deals, Massachusetts state policy, the original capital structure, and legal partnership arrangements on the strategies that non-profit owners can pursue to maintain control of tax credit properties are considered. Specific outcomes described include bargain sale and charitable contribution, debt-plus-taxes or right of first refusal, and transfer of the limited partnership interest. Themes include the tension between for- and non-profit partners, public and private interests, and federal and state policies. Because the LIHTC is administered on a state-by-state basis, the Massachusetts regulatory environment and state housing resources play a central role in shaping disposition outcomes in the Commonwealth.
(cont.) This thesis looks at how the recent lack of recapitalization funding for LIHTC properties has revealed an opportunity for the Commonwealth to improve the existing HUD preservation paradigm. Massachusetts' previous policies and current political environment create an opportunity for the state to promote new model of preservation that breaks from the federal paradigm of prodigal public payments to investors. I recommend that the Commonwealth prevents original, private investors from receiving additional public subsidy at the back end of LIHTC deals by separating the disposition and recapitalization of properties.
by Lillian Lew-Hailer.
M.C.P.and S.B.
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Bou, Akar Hiba. "Displacement, politics and governance : access to low-income housing in a Beirut suburb." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33009.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
Lebanon witnessed large-scale phases of internal displacement during and after its civil war (1975-1990). This study analyzes access to low-income housing for a Lebanese Shiites group which has already experienced two phases of internal displacement: from South Lebanon to Beirut during the civil war, and from Beirut to the suburbs after postwar reconstruction started in 1992. This research is a case study of Sahra Choueifat, one of Beirut's southern suburbs. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the factors that have affected the displacement and relocation processes in the second phase of displacement. The study focuses on three main issues: (i) the post-war monetary compensation to war-displaced squatters; (ii) the intervention of Shiite political parties in the housing market, and (iii) the conflict over territory in Sahra Choueifat between the incoming Shiite group and the original Druze residents. The study presents three main findings: First, the post-war monetary compensation that the evicted war-displaced squatters received was adequate to allow them to acquire legal housing in Beirut; yet the uncertainty that characterized its implementation led the families to tie-up their capital in vacant apartments before they could move. Second, political parties' intervention in the compensation phase, and in the housing market of Sahra Choueifat, secured better housing quality and tenure rights for the displaced, yet formed religious enclaves within a religiously contentious area. Third, in Sahra Choueifat, groups in opposition are using legal tools, such as zoning, voting, and manipulation of public services to define their space and exclude others. The conflict is causing the displaced families to move yet again in a third phase of displacement, from Sahra Choueifat to more Shiite-dominated suburbs.
by Hiba Bou Akar.
M.C.P.
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Chilowa, W. R. "Housing for the low-income urban population in Malawi : Towards an alternative approach." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379372.
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Harper, Caleb Benjamin. "Vertical Village : towards a new typology of high-density low-income urban housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87539.
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Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Apocalyptic global urbanization is old news. For generations statistically supported oracles have warned against the rising tide of rapid urban growth, one must only casually search the keywords "urban slum" on Goggle to witness the physical manifestation of these abstract predictions across the world. One would expect that with such continuous and advanced warning the landscape of global low-income urban architecture would be highlighted with innovative approaches to housing our ever densifying urban populations. However contemporary high-density low-income housing projects largely continue to rely on post-war modern architectural paradigms that view the creation of high-density low-income housing in isolation avoiding the messiness of a diverse social, environmental, infrastructural and economic context. Future typologies of high-density low-income housing must embrace and re-imagine their relativity within larger urban ecologies and in the process develop as responsive multi-cellular organisms, as opposed to autonomous products. This is not a new or novel idea, finding its roots in village models as early as the 14th century. The foundational components of communal living have not changed significantly in the last 800 years, remaining concretized in the defensibility, production and sociability of the collective. It is the aim of this body of research to elaborate and expose the 21st century high-density low-income urban village and to three-dimensionally assemble its components into intelligent and evocative discourse.
by Caleb Benjamin Harper.
M. Arch.
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Ghosh, Anindita 1966. "The use of domestic space for income generation in a low-income housing settlement : case study in Calcutta, India." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69775.
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The urban poor of the third world cities living in slums and squatter settlements often have to support themselves or augment their meagre and uncertain incomes with small-scale business enterprises. This deceptively marginal sector of the urban economy in reality plays a vital role as a major percentage of the urban population are poor. These enterprises are, more often than not, home-based due to their lack of resources. The squalid and congested living conditions in these settlements are thus further compromised by setting up these commercial endeavour, but it is essential for their livelihood as employment opportunities occupy a primary position in their list of priorities.This thesis studies the phenomenon of people in low-income housing settlements using their own homes for income generating activities and the compromise between the various uses of the same space. A field study was undertaken in a typical bustee in Calcutta, India to help illustrate this phenomenon. Sample surveys of a number of households where small-scale economic activity takes place were taken and studied in detail. How the integration of such activities in their daily living environment shapes, changes and influences their living patterns forms the main focus of the study.
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Fawaz, Mona M. 1972. "Strategizing for housing : an investigation of the production and regulation of low-income housing in the suburgs of Beirut." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28789.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-284).
The current consensus in housing policy recognizes the importance of learning from rather than about informal settlements. To serve this end, this dissertation presents a novel methodology for investigating land and housing markets. The methodology consists of investigating time-evolving relationships between attributes of the social agents who intervene on a market (e.g. social standing, religious affiliation, gender), rules-institutions systems (formal and informal institutions), and the macro political-economic context (e.g. price of land, demographic growth). The method was applied to a case study that tracked three groups of actors: developers, public agents, and homeowners, over a fifty-year period (1950-2000) in Hayy el Sellom, a neighborhood located in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon. The case study relied on in-depth interviews of developers, public agents, and residents, a structured survey of homeowners, research of public archives (e.g. construction and urban regulations, building permits, lot subdivisions), and time series analysis of aerial photographs. The case study demonstrated that the proposed method can unpack the category of the "informal market" by revealing a web of co-existing formal (market and public institutions) and informal (e.g. social, geographic, political associations) institutions whose interplay determined market characteristics (e.g. openness, flexibility, security) and resulted in unequal opportunities for housing and capital accumulation by residents and developers, respectively. Second, the case study unraveled dialectical actor-institution relationships in which one's ability to intervene in the housing market depended on one's ability to tap existing institutions that sustain exchanges and build new ones. Third, the
(cont.) study documented the heavy involvement of public agencies or agents in the development of informal regulations and the organization of illegal processes of housing production. Fourth, the case study documented the interconnectedness of housing markets segments, showing how so- called informal markets are directly influenced by city-wide parameters (e.g. price of land, political stability, housing demand) and partially rely on formal market institutions such as banks and contracts. Finally, it was found that greater involvement of formal market institutions did not improve market conditions (e.g. transaction security) or opportunities for capital accumulation.
by Mona Fawaz.
Ph.D.
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Strom, Elizabeth Ann. "Management of city-owned property : a low-income housing policy for New York City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78794.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 152-157.
by Elizabeth Ann Strom.
M.C.P.
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Burnham, Richard A. "A comparison of self-help lower-income housing in community-based and individualistic settlements in urban Mexico." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08032007-102236/.
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Van, Atta Michael David. "Constricted Urban Planning: Investigating the Site and Suitability of Low-Income Housing in Fairfax County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23218.
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Increasing suburban poverty and the extremely high housing costs of growing metropolitan areas amplify the importance of suburban low-income housing programs. Aside from traditional hurdles to social and economic mobility, suburban low-income households are confronted by impediments that are inherent to sprawling, fragmented suburban landscapes with poor access. This research investigates the site suitability of a booming suburban region, Fairfax County, Virginia, for low-income housing.
To do so, this research identifies and explains location amenities and neighborhood characteristics that maximize the success of low-income housing programs for low-income households, and explores how suburban landscapes constrict the ability of policymakers and planners to incorporate such location considerations into low-income housing planning. Using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) model, the site suitability of Fairfax County, Virginia for low-income housing is examined. Results highlight numerous location amenities in a heavily developed suburban environment, yielding overall decent low-income housing site suitability scores across Fairfax County. However, the sprawling nature of Fairfax County also provides few optimal locations for low-income housing development. The incorporation of key location amenities in strategic locations as well as modern planning techniques hinging on new urbanism and smart growth concepts are emphasized to improve low-income housing suitability in many American suburbs. This research links GIS methodology with social policy, providing policymakers and planners with a tool to analyze the spatial distribution of critical location amenities and low-income housing development.Master of Science
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Shiki, Kimiko. "Why do the poor move to cities? the central city--suburban locational choice of low-income households /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619097991&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Nyadu-Larbi, Kwasi. "The slum problem of urban Ghana : a case study of the Kumasi Zongo." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 2001. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4066/.
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Reimers, Carlos A. "After sites and services : planned progressive development strategies in low income housing during the 1990s." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69443.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-90).
Planned progressive development strategies and low-income housing have been out of the international development agenda since funding agencies cut-off support to sites and services and similar housing schemes. These projects were among the most widely used approaches to address the need for low-income housing during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The last fifteen years since their abandonment in the mid 1980s have been characterized by the absence of major investments in shelter for the poor in developing countries and the lack of new paradigms in housing. This study argues that planned progressive development strategies in low-income housing were inappropriately abandoned by international sponsors. The prevalent explanation is that projects were discarded because the minimum standards established by governments and donors in these projects made them unaffordable and unsustainable. While this study finds support for this explanation, it also finds that projects became too complex because of the inclusion of many components to the single idea of experimenting with progressive development under controlled conditions of planning. In addition, implementation criteria were too rigid and contrary to the principle of flexibility which is central in progressive development. The criteria used to assess these projects by donors, focusing on affordability, cost recovery and replicability, were inappropriate because they assumed that the process of progressive development which had been observed in informal housing would also occur in planned progressive development projects, but failed to evaluate this directly. A central aspect of this housing strategy was thus assumed rather than evaluated directly. The thesis reviews assessments made to sites and services after international funding of planned progressive developments and shelter projects was withdrawn. In addition, the study collected, organized and analyzed evidence about recent planned progressive development strategies that have continued on a small, local scale in several developing countries around the world. The outcome of these recent experiences demonstrates that these simpler strategies were more viable in addressing low-income housing needs, and that projects can be implemented with very little initial investment and without external support. Thus, planned progressive development strategies are still a promising approach to low-income housing.
by Carlos A. Reimers.
S.M.
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Leonard, K. Mark. "Low-Income Households' Perceived Obstacles and Reactions in Obtaining Affordable Housing." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5894.
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Low-income affordable housing remains an issue for the town on Martha's Vineyard where this study was conducted, in which an estimated 54% of low-/moderate-income households spend more than 50% of monthly income on housing. Using Schneider and Ingram's work regarding the social construction of target populations as the foundation, the purpose of this qualitative research was to assess how the perceived social standing and political power contributed to determining the benefits and burdens allocated to the town's low-income households. Data for this study consisted of 14 individual semistructured interviews with members of low-income households who were seeking or in affordable housing. The research concentrated on the obstacles and reactions the low-income households experienced in the quest for affordable housing. Data were coded and analyzed using a value coding procedure followed by thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from the research: a perception by the participants of not being valued in the community and a lack of attention by town leadership to their affordable housing struggles; a self-reliance to find affordable housing; and coping strategies by renting bedrooms with shared kitchen and living areas or resorting to a 9-month lease and being displaced during the summer tourist season. The research illuminated the low-income community's housing experiences and perceptions, thereby helping town leaders to form housing policy and make fiscal decisions. The implications for positive social change include recommendations to town leadership to examine incentivizing homeowners to offer affordable rentals, investigating congregate housing solutions, and developing multifamily affordable housing for the town's low-income households.
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Tuttle, Catherine Vaughn. "Being outside : how high and low income residents of Seattle perceive, use and value urban open space /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10808.
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Tubbeh, Taghrid Khuri. "The Determinants of Women's Work: A Case Study from Three Urban Low-income Communities in Amman, Jordan." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1208.
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This study addresses the determinants of women's economic activity in three low income communities in Amman, the capital of Jordan. These communities represent what is typically referred to as "pockets of urban poverty." Besides addressing the demographic and socio-economic variables, the study identifies and includes cultural variables in a model of female labor force participation. Modern economic systems developed definitions and measurements of productivity that render the majority of women's work as non-productive. Activities within the domestic sphere that do not earn monetary returns are not measured as productive economic activities, and hence are dropped from the calculations of gross national and domestic products of most if not all developing nations. In the Arab Middle East, where women's work outside the home is relatively a recent phenomenon, labor statistics are measuring only female labor force in the "formal sector" of the labor market. The scope and magnitude of women's economic activity within the domestic sphere, or in what is termed the informal sector, is neglected, or at best, underestimated, by labor force statistics. In such cultural contexts where women's economic activity outside the home is still considered secondary to the array of their reproductive and home-related activities, the underlying thesis is that cultural factors play an important role in shaping the outcomes of women's decisions regarding labor force participation. A field survey covered the sample of adult women, aged 15 years and over. To achieve a 95% level of significance, 435 women were interviewed. Three field surveyors were trained to thoroughly probe and depict all types of economic activity for the purpose of raising cash, be it in the formal or the informal sectors of the labor market. A nested logit model assesses the effects of demographic and socio-economic variables on women's employment status. Employment status is defined as a dichotomous dependent variable indicating whether a woman does or does not work. The second step of the logit model incorporates cultural variables in addition to the demographic and socio-economic variables. Each logit run segregates women by marital status, and one run addresses the pooled sample of women, with marital status included as a predictor variable. The results indicate that age and marital status (in the pooled sample) are important variables in determining the employment status of women. The presence of a resource person to help the ever-married woman in child-care also had a significant effect on women's employment decisions. Household income, which represents the need for the woman's income, is also a significant variable. In the second step of the nested logit model, education significantly influences women's work outside the home. Segregation (a cultural variable that represented a constraint to women's work in a mixed environment) is also a significant variable in influencing women's work inside the home. This study shows that when addressing the determinants of female labor force participation, it is important to include cultural variables and assess their effect on influencing the outcome of women's decisions to undertake economic activity. Policies that seek to increase female employment need to be aware of the cultural and demographic (fertility related) considerations. Consequently, employment creation and enhancement programs need to be formulated and designed with this consideration in focus. For example, child-care facilities could be established within communities. This will free sometime of mothers with children to work outside the home, and will create child-care jobs within the community. Realizing that, due to cultural barriers, some women will still desire to only work at home, agencies providing marketing channels for such activities need to be established.
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Schuetz, Jenny 1975, and Laura E. 1973 Talle. "The effects of syndicators and risk management on equity pricing of the Low Income Housing Tax Credit." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70345.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60).
A study was carried out to examine the impacts of risk characteristics on equity pricing of tax credits issued under the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program (LIHTC). The results indicate that credit pricing is not correlated with most traditional real estate risk factors. We hypothesize that risks are mitigated by the services of syndicators, who act as intermediaries between developers and investors, thus managing the perceived risk of the investment. We tested this theory by examining the impact of individual syndicators on credit prices. Additionally, we tested the effect of syndicator fees and other syndicator-specific fixed effects on credit prices. Findings suggest that syndicator fixed effects and fees impact pricing, as do certain tax structure characteristics of the LIHTC developments. Developers appear to be less pricesensitive than investors, reflecting perhaps different levels of negotiating power in their relationships with syndicators, as well as lack of perfect information. Investors appear to focus more on internal rate of return than on price per unit of credit in their investment decisions, thereby confusing the relationship between syndicator effects and credit prices for investors. Housing policy implications and directions for future research are also discussed.
by Jenny Schuetz and Laura E. Talle.
M.C.P.
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Brown, David M. "Spatial Analysis of the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Developments in Cuyahoga County." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243349876.
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Mancheno, Gren Ana. "Exploring Typologies, Densities & Spatial Qualities : The Case of Low-Income Housing in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4073.
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This thesis focuses on problems that have resulted from the increasing pressure facing urban and suburban land use in South Africa, brought on by a number of different factors including the political and historical background of the country, as well as by rapid urbanization. The objective of this thesis is to present the perspectives applied in the analysis of the built environment in selected case studies, in which different theoretical and methodological approaches have been developed to address the research questions. The empirical part of this thesis consists of four case studies, in which selected low-income housing projects are analyzed from a perspective of how to facilitate higher densities. A central question addressed is whether the provision of housing structures built at higher densities, maintain, improve, or aggravate spatial qualities; and whether the application of these types of projects can be considered as possible alternatives to address the problem of urban sprawl in South Africa. The study finds that the house types analyzed address the density dimension of urban sprawl, thus reducing the amount of land consumed. There is room for increasing densities and overall urban land use efficiency, to which the housing types analyzed in this study may contribute. This implies that cities such as Cape Town and Johannesburg, which suffer from urban sprawl, have the possibility to grow in terms of population without having to expand further in terms of land use. The analysis of spatial qualities shows the studied types maintain positive spatial qualities, and have the possibility of increasing living standards. Nevertheless, a number of other dimensions need to be included when addressing urban sprawl conditions, in order to consider the possibility of replicating these housing types. Furthermore, this study advances approaches in terms of methodologies and concepts applied, which aim to contribute to an increased understanding of the current knowledge in the housing and urban planning fields focusing on questions of urban sprawl in generalQC 20100909
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Browning, Lusiana Loanakadavu. "Self help housing the geographic impact of Habitat for Humanity projects in Wilmington, Delaware /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 152 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203554821&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chan, Yik-long Pearl. "The relationship between rent control and the emergence of cage houses in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940806.
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Cuenco, Evangeline Kim L. "The role of mortgage finance vis-a-vis other programmatic interventions in low-income housing in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65444.
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Summers, Christopher A. "An examination of the relationship between religiosity and depression and suicide for low-income, urban African American adolescents." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Hallacher, Brett W. "Rethinking social architecture." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2006. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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