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Books on the topic 'Low light dose'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Cassidy, Catherine. Light cooking done right. Edited by Taste of Home Books. Reiman Media Group, 2009.

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2

Boughton, Tania N. Eating light, done right: Simply sinless recipes from the single mom next door. Inspire On Purpose, 2011.

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3

Roddy, Edward, and Michael Doherty. Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD). Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0142.

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Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) in articular cartilage is a common age-related phenomenon. Recent important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pyrophosphate metabolism include the identification of a mutation within the ANK gene which associates with familial CPPD, and elucidation of the interleukin-1β‎ (IL-1β‎)-dependent mechanisms by which crystals invoke an inflammatory response. Risk factors for CPPD include age, prior joint damage and osteoarthritis, genetic factors, and occasionally metabolic diseases (hyperparathyroidism, haemochromatosis, hypomagnes

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Sebastio, Gianfranco, Manuel Schiff, and Hélène Ogier de Baulny. Lysinuric Protein Intolerance and Hartnup Disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0025.

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Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is an inherited aminoaciduria caused by defective cationic amino acid transport at the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells in intestine and kidney. LPI is caused by mutations in the SLC7A7 gene, which encodes the y+LAT-1 protein, the catalytic light chain subunit of a complex belonging to the heterodimeric amino acid transporter family. Symptoms usually begin after weaning with refusal of feeding, vomiting, and consequent failure to thrive. Hepatosplenomegaly, hematological anomalies, and neurological involvement including hyperammonemic coma will progr

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Cockfield, Arthur J. Tax Law and Technological Change. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.48.

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Writings on tax law and technology change often investigate three discrete but related questions: (1) how does tax law react to technology change; (2) how does tax law provoke technology change; and (3) how does tax law seek to preserve traditional interests (such as revenue collection) in light of technology change. In addition, observers sometimes raise concerns that the interaction of technology change and tax law can have a substantive impact on individuals, communities and/or national interests that may differ from the technology’s intended use (for example, automatic tax collection mecha

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Yamamoto, Eric K. In the Light of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878955.003.0010.

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This chapter distills the book’s responses to two pivotal questions. If a sweeping, politically driven curtailment of fundamental liberties happens again, would the Korematsu majority’s highly deferential 1944 approach be expanded to new purposes to legitimize present-day transgressions of essential democratic liberties? Or would the courts undertake watchful care over those liberties by scrutinizing the government’s claim of necessity so that the talismanic incantation of national security itself does not enervate the judicial role? The chapter coalesces prior themes by first linking rubber-s

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Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0141.

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Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats

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Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0141_update_003.

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Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats

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9

Baiju S, Vasani, Foden Timothy L, and Zayyan Hafsa. Part III Guide to Key Jurisdictional Issues, 13 Burden and Standard of Proof at the Jurisdictional Stage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0013.

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This chapter considers a situation where a respondent party argues that the tribunal is without jurisdiction to hear the claims or counterclaims in the first place. In this case, does the respondent party, as the ‘moving party’, have to prove the lack of jurisdiction? Or is it the claimant who is in fact claiming jurisdiction, who has to prove its existence? Or in light of the fact that jurisdiction is a matter for the tribunal to decide for itself, even sua sponte, does neither party hold the burden of proof on this issue? Recent decisions in international arbitration law demonstrate that the

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Armin, von Bogdandy, and Huber Peter M. 7 Evolution and Gestalt of the German State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198726401.003.0007.

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This chapter considers the formation of statehood, administration, and administrative law in Germany in the context of the European legal space. Comparative law in this context requires attention being paid to elements of identity and difference that must be studied in light of the questions it poses. Thus, this chapter begins by tracking the path of statehood, administration, and administrative law in Germany up to the adoption of the Basic Law (Grundgesetz). This is done in order to present an historical means with which to comprehend the present European legal space. The chapter then presen

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Kötz, Hein. European Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800040.001.0001.

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This new edition of European Contract Law examines the contract rules of several different European jurisdictions, including the most important civilian systems and English common law, while attempting to articulate general principles which are common in all of them. While the first edition was limited to a comparative analysis of the rules on formation and validity of contracts, agency, third party beneficiaries, and assignment, the second edition now also includes contractual remedies and various updates and revisions of the first edition, especially in light of the recent changes to the Fre

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Angelika, Nussberger. The European Court of Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198849643.001.0001.

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After more than thirty years of horror from the outbreak of the Great War in 1914 to the conclusion of Second World War in 1945, the European general population and political leadership thought it absolutely necessary that post-war institutions be created that would make a third European world war less likely. This book introduces us to one such institution, the European Court of Human Rights. The book explores its uniqueness as an international adjudicatory body in the light of its history, structure, and procedure, as well as its key doctrinal usages. It also shows the Court to be an excitin

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Georgios, Petrochilos. Part III Guide to Key Jurisdictional Issues, 14 Attribution: State Organs and Entities Exercising Elements of Governmental Authority. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0014.

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This chapter discusses the issue of attribution in investment treaties. Attribution is the legal operation by which the allegedly wrongful deed is connected to the State as the doer. This is a necessary operation, serving as it does the needs of the unitary conception of the State in international law: the conduct of the multitude of persons and entities through whom the State in fact operates must be funnelled through the rules on attribution. The vast majority of investment treaties do not contain special rules of attribution, so they are to be read in the light of general international law

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Tina, Wüstemann, and Huber Roman. III Trust Arbitration as a Matter of National Law, 17 Trust Arbitration in Switzerland. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759829.003.0017.

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This chapter argues that Switzerland’s importance as centre for trust services as well as its longstanding tradition in international arbitration make it a perfect venue for trust arbitration, particularly in light of the scarcely developed arbitration law and practice in several offshore trust jurisdictions. Against this background, it examines whether trust disputes can be arbitrated in Switzerland, with a particular focus on the recognition of arbitration clauses in trust deeds. While Switzerland does not provide for the institution of trusts in its substantive law, it has ratified the Hagu

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Binder, Christina, and Konrad Lachmayer, eds. The European Court of Human Rights and Public International Law. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748930679.

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How does the European Court of Human Rights deal with notions, issues and principles of public international law? How is public international law received and applied by the European Court of Human Rights? The different contributions analyse the question “Fragmentation or Unity?" in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in light of different issues. Topics include the Court’s approach to the law of treaties, state responsibility, and state and diplomatic immunity. Likewise, the manner in which the European Court of Human Rights deals with the obligation to not recognize unlaw

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F A, Mann. 3 The Effect of Certification. Oxford University Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198255642.003.0003.

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The information which Her Majesty's Government provides, usually in answer to an inquiry by the court, is given by a certificate which in terse formulations sets forth the Government's conclusions, but does not give reasons or explain the process which had led the Government to its conclusions. Correspondence which precedes the actual certificate and which may foreshadow its contents may throw light on the certificate, but is no substitute for it. A certificate once granted is binding or conclusive in the sense that no evidence gainsaying it is admissible. However, the certificate is also excl

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17

Nico, Horn. Part III The Relationship Between the Judiciary and the Political Branches, 13 An Overview of the Diverse Approaches to Judicial and Executive Relations: A Namibian Study of Four Cases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198759799.003.0014.

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This chapter examines the relationship between the judiciary and executive in Namibia. It begins with a short overview of the last decade before independence to shed some light on the historical tension between the executive and the judiciary that the first democratically elected government inherited. It then considers conflicts that threatened the independence of the judiciary in four different situations: a case where the government ignored judgments against them; the issue of the independence of the prosecutorial authority; the independence of the lower courts; and the indirect influence of

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18

Gordon, Gregory S. International Human Rights and Domestic Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190612689.003.0003.

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In light of the compelling empirical connection between hate speech and atrocity, what laws, if any, criminalize the dissemination of such rhetoric? Chapter 2 begins to answer that question by examining international human rights instruments and domestic laws covering speech and violence. It notes there is an inbuilt clash in the principal human rights documents between free expression and freedom from invidious discrimination. Most of the world’s liberal democracies protect dignity against discrimination. The United States does not. The world’s most speech-protective jurisdiction, its Constit

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Klimchuk, Dennis, Irit Samet, and Henry E. Smith, eds. Philosophical Foundations of the Law of Equity. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817659.001.0001.

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A late-comer to the field of private law theory, the inquiry into the foundations of the law of Equity raises some fundamental questions about the relationships between law and morality, the nature of rights, the extent to which we are willing to compromise on the Rule of Law ideal in order to achieve various social goals. In this volume, leading scholars in the field address these and the questions about underlying principles of Equity and its relationship to the common law: What relationships, if any, are there between the legal, philosophical, and moral senses of ‘equity’? Does Equity form

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20

Claus, Kreß, and Nußberger Benjamin K. Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 19 The Entebbe Raid—1976. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0019.

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In 1976, Israel conducted a successful, but highly controversial military rescue operation in Entebbe, Uganda, to save its nationals taken hostage on Ugandan territory by members of the ‘Popular Front of Liberation of Palestine’. From an international legal perspective, this case revolves around the existence of a right of a state to take military action to protect its nationals abroad in mortal danger. Following an extensive legal debate in the Security Council on the incident, it appears safe to conclude that a rescue operation such as conducted in Entebbe passes the threshold for a use of f

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Elies, van Sliedregt. Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560363.001.0001.

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This book examines the concept of individual criminal responsibility for serious violations of international law, i.e., aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Such crimes are rarely committed by single individuals. Rather, international crimes generally connote a plurality of offenders, particularly in the execution of the crimes, which are often orchestrated and masterminded by individuals behind the scene of the crimes who can be termed ‘intellectual perpetrators’. For a determination of individual guilt and responsibility, a fair assessment of the mutual relationship

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Langille, Brian, ed. The Capability Approach to Labour Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836087.001.0001.

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In this volume, leading scholars of both labour law and the Capability Approach (CA) explore the possible connections between their disciplines. Accounts of the CA—particularly those of Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya Sen—do not specifically address labour law, but the CA is attractive to labour lawyers and scholars examining the foundations of their discipline. The questions being asked are whether the CA has anything to offer labour law, and if it does, what forms might this offering take? And, conversely, what light labour law might shine on the CA? In addressing these questions, the chapter

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23

Rumfitt, Ian. Bivalence and Determinacy. Edited by Michael Glanzberg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557929.013.17.

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The principle that every statement is bivalent (i.e. either true or false) has been a bone of philosophical contention for centuries, for an apparently powerful argument for it (due to Aristotle) sits alongside apparently convincing counterexamples to it. This chapter analyzes Aristotle’s argument, then, in the light of this analysis, examines three sorts of problem case for bivalence. Future contingents, it is contended, are bivalent. Certain statements of higher set theory, by contrast, are not. Pace the intuitionists, though, this is not because excluded middle does not apply to such statem

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Berg, Andrew, and Rafael Portillo, eds. Monetary Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.001.0001.

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Having broadly stabilized inflation over the past two decades, many policymakers in sub-Saharan Africa are now asking more of their monetary policy frameworks. They are looking to avoid policy misalignments and respond appropriately to both domestic and external shocks, including swings in fiscal policy and spikes in food and export prices. In many cases they are finding current regimes—often characterized as ‘money targeting’—lacking, with opaque and sometimes inconsistent objectives, inadequate transmission of policy to the economy, and difficulties in responding to supply shocks. At the sam

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Pencavel, John H. The Association Between Working Hours and Hourly Earnings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876166.003.0007.

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At one time, economists recognized a difficulty in interpreting the association between working hours and hourly earnings: does the association reflect the preferences of employers or of workers? The existence of this identification problem has been largely ignored in recent years. In its place, the relation is presumed to describe describes the labor supply preferences of workers. This needs to be re-considered in light of the empirical finding that the law of diminishing returns operates for hours of work in employers’ production functions. Moreover, there is a third interpretation: differen

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Decoeur, Henri. A Normative Justification for Establishing State Organized Crime as an International Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 makes a theoretical argument for establishing state organized crime as an international crime. It opens with general reflections on the social function of criminalization, discusses the dynamics of international criminalization, and identifies grounds underlying the genesis of existing international crimes, suggesting that international criminalization serves the purpose of protecting specific interests. In light of this theoretical framework, it argues that state organized crime ought to be criminalized because it threatens interests that states deem worthy of protection by way of i

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Jones, Clive, and Yoel Guzansky. Fraternal Enemies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197521878.001.0001.

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Relations between Israel and the Gulf states are not anything new. In the immediate aftermath of the 1993 Oslo Accords, both Qatar and Oman established low-level yet open diplomatic ties with Israel. In 2010, Ha'aretz reported that the former Israeli foreign minister, Tzipi Livni, was on friendly terms with Shaykh Abdullah bin Zayed, her counterpart from the UAE, despite the absence of formal diplomatic ties between the two states. The shared suspicion towards the regional designs of Iran that undoubtedly underpinned these ties even extended, it was alleged, to a secret dialogue between Israel

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West, Mark D. Drunk Japan. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070847.001.0001.

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What does it mean to be drunk in Japan? This book provides a rich description of Japanese alcohol consumption, drinking culture, and intoxication distilled from a unique data set: thousands of published Japanese court opinions. The opinions bring to light fascinating patterns in what, where, and why people drink in Japan, but they also focus to a surprising extent on characteristics of individual litigants. Courts humanize people in the opinions in various ways, for instance, by dropping clues about their social status (occupation, wealth, gender, education, and the like) or by discussing in d

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29

LiVecche, Marc, and Timothy S. Mallard. The Good Kill. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515808.001.0001.

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The Good Kill examines killing in war in its moral and normative dimension. It argues against the commonplace belief, often tacitly held if not consciously asserted, among academics, the general public, and even military professionals, that killing, including in a justified war, is always morally wrong even when necessary. In light of an increasingly sophisticated understanding of combat trauma, this belief is a crisis. Moral injury, a proposed subset of posttraumatic stress disorder, occurs when one does something that goes against deeply held normative convictions. In a military context, the

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Rayner, Mike, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Julianne Williams, Karen McColl, and Shanthi Mendis, eds. An Introduction to Population-level Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791188.001.0001.

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This book is based on the content covered during the non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention short course at the University of Oxford. It provides theoretical background and ‘real life case studies’ helping readers to apply the learnings to their day-to-day work. It covers case studies from both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This book is structured around the four stages of the policy cycle: (1) problem definition; (2) solution generation; (3) resource mobilization and implementation; and (4) evaluation. Chapters 2–7 focus on problem definition, which involves u

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Mackay, Ronnie, and Warren Brookbanks, eds. Fitness to Plead. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788478.001.0001.

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While criminalisation may be justified whenever an offender commits a sufficiently serious moral wrong requiring that he or she be called to account, the doctrine of fitness to plead calls this principle into question in the case of a person who lacks the capacity to participate meaningfully in a criminal trial. In light of the emerging focus on capacity-based approaches to decision making and the international human rights requirement that the law should treat defendants fairly, this volume offers a benchmark for the theory and practice of fitness to plead, considering differing perspectives

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Lucas, George. Military Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199336890.001.0001.

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What significance does “ethics” have for the men and women serving in the military forces of nations around the world? What core values and moral principles collectively guide the members of this “military profession?” This book explains these essential moral foundations, along with “just war theory,” international relations, and international law. The ethical foundations that define the “Profession of Arms” have developed over millennia from the shared moral values, unique role responsibilities, and occasional reflection by individual members the profession on their own practices - eventually

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