Relevant bibliographies by topics / Low-MAC

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Low-MAC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 6 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Low-MAC"

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Banari, Ehsan, Sayyed Majid Mazinani, and Iman Sariri Ajili. "An Energy-Efficient and Low-Latency MAC Protocol in Smart Grid (SG-MAC)." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 4 (2015): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.202.

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Malina, Judith. "Remembering Jackson Mac Low." PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 27, no. 2 (2005): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1520281053850910.

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Zayani, Hafedh. "Low-Traffic Aware Hybrid MAC (LTH-MAC) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal on Information Technologies and Security 16, no. 2 (2024): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59035/shzm1009.

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This paper proposes LTH-MAC (Low-Traffic Aware Hybrid MAC), a novel MAC protocol designed to improve energy efficiency and message delivery reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). LTH-MAC achieves this through innovative techniques like flexible timeslots, channel selection, collision-avoiding, parallel transmissions, and efficient backoff schemes. These optimizations lead to reduced idle listening, minimized collisions, and simplified synchronization. Simulations using OPNET environment demonstrate that LTH-MAC significantly reduces energy consumption, especially under light traffic loads. Additionally, LTH-MAC provides lower end-to-end latency and higher message delivery reliability compared to ECoMAC. These advancements position LTH-MAC as a compelling solution for WSN applications demanding efficient and reliable communication.
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Sessler, Daniel I., Jeffrey C. Sigl, Scott D. Kelley, et al. "Hospital Stay and Mortality Are Increased in Patients Having a “Triple Low” of Low Blood Pressure, Low Bispectral Index, and Low Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Volatile Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 116, no. 6 (2012): 1195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31825683dc.

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Background Low mean arterial pressure (MAP) and deep hypnosis have been associated with complications and mortality. The normal response to high minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) fraction of anesthetics is hypotension and low Bispectral Index (BIS) scores. Low MAP and/or BIS at lower MAC fractions may represent anesthetic sensitivity. The authors sought to characterize the effect of the triple low state (low MAP and low BIS during a low MAC fraction) on duration of hospitalization and 30-day all-cause mortality. Methods Mean intraoperative MAP, BIS, and MAC were determined for 24,120 noncardiac surgery patients at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. The hazard ratios associated with combinations of MAP, BIS, and MAC values greater or less than a reference value were determined. The authors also evaluated the association between cumulative triple low minutes, and excess length-of-stay and 30-day mortality. Results Means (±SD) defining the reference, low, and high states were 87 ± 5 mmHg (MAP), 46 ± 4 (BIS), and 0.56 ± 0.11 (MAC). Triple lows were associated with prolonged length of stay (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7). Thirty-day mortality was doubled in double low combinations and quadrupled in the triple low group. Triple low duration ≥60 min quadrupled 30-day mortality compared with ≤15 min. Excess length of stay increased progressively from ≤15 min to ≥60 min of triple low. Conclusions The occurrence of low MAP during low MAC fraction was a strong and highly significant predictor for mortality. When these occurrences were combined with low BIS, mortality risk was even greater. The values defining the triple low state were well within the range that many anesthesiologists tolerate routinely.
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Khan, Bilal Muhammad, and Rabia Bilal. "Mobility Adaptive Energy Efficient and Low Latency MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 4, no. 2 (2013): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2013040103.

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In this paper a high throughput, low latency, mobility adaptive and energy efficient medium access protocol (MAC) called Mobility Adaptive (MA) for wireless sensor networks. MA-MAC ensures that transmissions incur no collisions, and allows nodes to undergo sleep mode whenever they are not transmitting or receiving. It uses delay allocation scheme based on traffic priority at each node and avoids allocating same backoff delay for more than one node unless they are in separate clusters. It also allows nodes to determine when they can switch to sleep mode during operation. MA-MAC for mobile nodes provides fast association between the mobile node and the cluster coordinator. The proposed MAC performs well in both static and mobile scenarios, which shows its significance over existing MAC protocols proposed for mobile applications. The performance of MA-MAC is evaluated through extensive simulation, analysis and comparison with other mobility aware MAC protocols. The results show that MA-MAC outperforms significantly the existing CSMA/CA, Sensor Mac (S-MAC), Mobile MAC (MOB-MAC), Mobility aware Delay sensitive MAC (MD-MAC) and Dynamic Sensor MAC (DS-MAC) protocols including throughput, latency and energy consumption.
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Marín, I., J. Arias, E. Arceredillo, A. Zuloaga, I. Losada, and J. Mabe. "LL-MAC: A low latency MAC protocol for wireless self-organised networks." Microprocessors and Microsystems 32, no. 4 (2008): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2007.10.003.

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Kim, Seong Cheol. "Low-Latency MAC (LL-MAC) Protocol for a Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.364.

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In this paper, we present a new MAC protocol, called Low-Latency MAC (LL-MAC) protocol for muti-hop Wireless Sensor Networks. The LL-MAC is designed for the object tracking applications such as animal invasion, flight detection and wild animal detection. In these applications, the object appearance event does not occur frequently. But when an event occurs, many measured data by sensor nodes should be sent to a sink node as soon as possible. LL-MAC uses duty cycling contention-based MAC protocol. The operational cycle is divided into four periods: Sync, carrier sensing, Data, and Sleep. The Sleep period will be increased to send more packets by sender node when a target object appearance occurs. And a status bit in PION packet is used to indicate target appearance by the sender node. If this status bit is set to 1, all nodes know an object appearance and adjust their Sleep period to two times longer. After sending data packets, the sender node goes into sleep mode and wake ups again in two times slot times to send more data. Results showed that our LL-MAC protocol outperformed other protocols in terms of data packet delivery delay.
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Son, Vo Que, and Tran Truong Son. "Enhancement of Asynchronous MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Monitoring Applications." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 3, no. 1 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2017.38.

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Up to now, many research works have been focusing on designs in MAC layer of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to target high throughput, low latency and solving the problem of idle listening. In this paper, an enhancement of Low-power asynchronous protocol for MAC layer, namely E-MAC, is proposed to target a long lifetime of sensor nodes working 6LoWPAN/IPv6 networks. Moreover, the E-MAC protocol is implemented on TI low-power platforms to verify the efficiency of the proposed design. Several parameters such as energy consumption, latency and packet delivery ratio are simulated and measured in a real monitoring test-bed to show the better performance in comparison with other popular MAC protocols.
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Bauwens, Jan, Nicola Macoir, Spilios Giannoulis, Ingrid Moerman, and Eli De Poorter. "UWB-MAC: MAC protocol for UWB localization using ultra-low power anchor nodes." Ad Hoc Networks 123 (December 2021): 102637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2021.102637.

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Jeon, Jun-Heon, and Seong-Cheol Kim. "A Low-Delay MAC(LD-MAC) protocol in Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 18, no. 2 (2014): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2014.18.2.452.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low-MAC"

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Bachu, Rohit. "A Low-Energy Consuming MAC Protocol for Advanced Metering Infrastructure." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1722.

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Wireless sensor technology is an emerging technology which has wide range of applications. Some of the applications of Wireless sensor networks include advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), power fraud detection, dynamic thermal rating, conductor temperature and poles monitoring. Wireless sensors in AMI generally use battery operated computing and sensing devices known as smart meters. So increasing the lifetime of these smart meters is a critical issue. We propose a low-energy consuming MAC protocol for AMI and we compare it with the existing protocols like CSMA, TDMA and Z-MAC protocols. The performances of the MAC protocols are evaluated in terms of Throughput, Power Consumption and Latency.
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Cano, Bastidas Cristina. "A low power listening with wake up after transmissions MAC protocol for WSNs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22717.

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In the last few years Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an interesting field of research mainly due to the challenges and constraints of their design and the broad range of potential applications they can provide. One of the most important constraints is the limited energy resources of the sensor nodes that directly influences the design of the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, as it is the responsible of controlling the transceiver that is the most consuming component of a sensor node. In this thesis the limitations of preamble sampling, one of the most well-known MAC protocols for WSNs, have been studied. Moreover, a new approach, called Low power listening with Wake up after Transmissions MAC (LWT-MAC), has been designed with the goal to overcome preamble sampling limitations while maintaining its reduced energy consumption and simplicity. The performance results obtained have shown that the LWT-MAC protocol is able to significantly improve the performance of WSNs.<br>Les xarxes de sensors sense fils han esdevingut una interessant àrea de recerca degut als reptes que presenta el seu disseny i a la gran quantitat d’aplicacions potencials que poden proporcionar. Un dels principals problemes d’aquestes xarxes és la limitació en els recursos energètics dels nodes sensors, cosa que afecta directament al disseny del nivell Medium Access Control (MAC), degut a què és el responsable de controlar la ràdio, el component de major consum energètic d’un node sensor. En aquesta tesi s’estudien les limitacions d'un dels protocols MAC per xarxes de sensors més conegut: preamble sampling. A més, s’ha dissenyat un nou protocol, anomenat Low power listening with Wake up after Transmissions MAC (LWT-MAC), amb l’objectiu de reduir les limitacions de preamble sampling però mantenint el seu baix consum energètic i la seva simplicitat. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que el protocol LWT-MAC és capaç de millorar de forma significativa el rendiment de la xarxa.
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Chen, Xiaohang. "Low-Power MAC design for M2M Communications in Cellular Networks: Protocols and Algorithms." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128360.

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Machine-to-Machine Communication (M2M) is the communications between wireless devices without human interventions. As a fundamental enabler of Internet of Things, M2M is growing fast and implemented in many areas. The number of M2M devices is expected to be extremely large in the future. In most cases they are battery driven and positioned in broad areas so that it would be costly to frequently replace or charge their batteries. To save the cost of maintaining M2M systems in the long term, energy consumption needs to be minimized so that battery lives of M2M devices can be maximized, which motivates the design of a lowpower MAC protocol in this thesis. The related works have indicated that idle listening and collisions are the main sources of power waste. In the proposed low-power MAC protocol design, various methods that would help preserving energy are considered. We first analyze the performance of three conventional protocols, TDMA, CSMA, and reservation-based protocol. The packet delay, energy consumption, and system throughput performances of these protocols are evaluated with both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Our results show that CSMA has better packet delay and throughput performances while static and dynamic TDMAs are more energy efficient. Furthermore, we design a hybrid energy-efficient MAC protocol for M2M communications. This solution not only improves existing protocols, but also takes the advantage of clustering in cellular networks to save energy. We show by simulation results that the proposed MAC protocol outperforms others in energy saving, without sacrificing much on delay or throughput. This is because with clustering, transmission power of remote nodes can be greatly reduced after they become members of clusters. With the proposed MAC protocol, the lifetimes of both individual nodes and the whole M2M network are significantly extended.
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Galey, Célia. "Lieux et non-lieux de l'écriture de la performance chez Jackson Mac Low." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC224.

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La notion de lieu sert à caractériser, en termes métaphoriques autant que concrets, l'objet paradoxal et protéen de cette étude, à savoir l'écriture de la performance dont Jackson Mac Low, entre 1954 et le début des années 1980, contribua à décupler la puissance d'hybridation et de déstabilisation aussi bien générique que sémiotique et politique. Ses partitions (comme celles à la notation indéterminée de certains compositeurs expérimentaux de son époque tels John Cage, Morton Feldman, Earle Brown ou Christian Wolff) prescrivent la performance sans en déterminer nécessairement le medium, la structure, ou la durée. Une dynamique imperceptible travaille ces textes, et leur fixité sur la page souvent illusoire masque un processus sans fin de multiplication et de devenir. Cette fuite de l'objet présente un défi à l'analyse non seulement textuelle, mais aussi de ce qui a lieu (au moment de la performance) malgré et par le non-lieu de textes qui échappent aux lieux communs littéraires que sont la constitution et la hiérarchisation d'une œuvre, ou son inscription dans des cadres génériques clairs. Prise dans le contexte philosophique et politique de la pensée anarcho--pacifiste du poète, l'écriture de la performance prend tout son sens et sa portée. Elle apparaît alors comme le lieu d'une tension entre utopie et hétérotopie, tension définitoire de l'investissement de Mac Low dans l'espace communautaire : à la fois omniprésente et marginale (une marginalisation par le milieu ou par le centre, en quelque sorte), sa participation à travers la performance est dotée d'une force de transformation et de subversion éminemment politique, au sens que Jacques Rancière donne à ce terme<br>The notion of place (in its metaphorical and concrete implications) serves to characterize the paradoxical, protean object of this study namely. Jackson Mac Low's performance writing. From 1954 .to the early 1980s, the poet enhanced the disruptive impact of his practice, both in .terms of generic hybridization and semiotic, political subversion. His scores prescribe performance, yet they rarely determine every aspect of its medium, structure, or duration (in asimilar way to the indeterminate notation of such experimental composers as John Cage, Morton Feldman, Earle Brown, or Christian Wolff). An invisible dynamic force animates these texts whose seeming fixity on the page often conceals an endless process of multiplication and becoming. The lasting elusiveness of the textual Object challenges analysis as well as the understanding of what actually takes place in the Mac Lowian performance despite, or by way of, a "non-place" wherein the barriers of literary commonplaces such as the norm of a hierarchically structured opus that may be framed generically — are transcended.. The processual form takes its full import when linked to the poet's anarcho-pacifist beliefs: it then materializes the tension between utopia and heterotopy, which defin.es his unique relationship with the communities he was involved in. Mac Low's participation in many existing artistic and literary communities of his time was ubiquitously central and marginal. By virtue of its transformative and subversive impact, Mac Low's performance writing anticipates and shapes new communities, and thus appears to be, in Jacques Rancières understanding of the word, eminently political
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Akhavan, Mohammad Reza. "Adaptive receiver-based preamble-sampling MAC protocol for low power and lossy wireless sensor networks." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adaptive-receiverbased-preamblesampling-mac-protocol-for-low-power-and-lossy-wireless-sensor-networks(f8973012-407d-4641-9729-7ad9f3e6a62c).html.

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Low-power and lossy Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of resource constrained sensors nodes communicating over a lossy wireless channel. The key design criteria in low-power and lossy WSNs are energy-efficiency and reliability of data delivery. Sensors are low-cost, battery-powered electronic devices with limited computational and communication capabilities. They are prone to failure due to energy depletion, hardware malfunction, etc. This causes links to create or break and hence the connectivity graph to change. In addition, path loss, shadowing and multipath fading make the links unstable. The main energy savings in sensors can be achieved by keeping the radio in sleep mode for maximum possible duration. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is responsible for controlling the status of the radio; its behaviour consequently affects the energy-efficiency of the sensors. In this work a set of energy-efficient and reliable communication mechanisms for low-power and lossy WSNs are proposed. It can also be applicable for Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems. The contributions of this thesis are: We propose a Receiver-Based MAC (RB-MAC) which is a preamble-sampling protocol that dynamically elects the next receiver among potential neighbours, based on current channel conditions. The proposed scheme is resilient to lossy links, and hence reduces the number of retransmissions. We show by analysis, simulation, and practical implementation how it outperforms the state-of-the-art sender-based MAC protocols in terms of energy-efficiency, delay and reliability. We introduce two extensions of RB-MAC: adaptive preamble MAC (ap-MAC) and adaptive sampling MAC (as-MAC) protocols. We demonstrate through analytical and simulation that the proposed extensions improve the end-to-end energy efficiency and delay while maintaining comparable reliability of data delivery. We apply RB-MAC to IETF ROLL’s RPL routing protocol [RFC6550] to study the multi-hop performance of RB-MAC. The analytical and simulation-based results show significant improvement in energy-efficiency, delay and reliability against sender-based MAC.
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van, Coppenhagen Robert Lindenberg, and robert vancoppenhagen@dsto defence gov au. "On the Coordinated Use of a Sleep Mode in Wireless Sensor Networks: Ripple Rendezvous." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070122.145741.

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It is widely accepted that low energy consumption is the most important requirement when designing components and systems for a wireless sensor network (WSN). The greatest energy consumer of each node within a WSN is the radio transceiver and as such, it is important that this component be used in an extremely energy e±cient manner. One method of reducing the amount of energy consumed by the radio transceiver is to turn it off and allow nodes to enter a sleep mode. The algorithms that directly control the radio transceiver are traditionally grouped into the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of a communication protocol stack. This thesis introduces the emerging field of wireless sensor networks and outlines the requirements of a MAC protocol for such a network. Current MAC protocols are reviewed in detail with a focus on how they utilize this energy saving sleep mode as well as performance problems that they suffer from. A proposed new method of coordinating the use of this sleep mode between nodes in the network is specifed and described. The proposed new protocol is analytically compared with existing protocols as well as with some fundamental performance limits. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the results as well as some recommendations for future work.
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Gonga, António. "Mobility and Multi-channel Communications in Low-power Wireless Networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177648.

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The prospect of replacing existing fixed networks with cheap, flexible and evenmobile low-power wireless network has been a strong research driver in recent years.However, many challenges still exist: reliability is hampered by unstable and burstycommunication links; the wireless medium is getting congested by an increasingnumber of wireless devices; and life-times are limited due to difficulties in developingefficient duty-cycling mechanisms. These challenges inhibit the industry to fullyembrace and exploit the capabilities and business opportunities that low-powerwireless devices offer. In this thesis, we propose, design, implement, and evaluateprotocols and systems to increase flexibility and improve efficiency of low-powerwireless communications. First, we present MobiSense, a system architecture for energy-efficient communicationsin micro-mobility sensing scenarios. MobiSense is a hybrid architecturecombining a fixed infrastructure network and mobile sensor nodes. Simulations andexperimental results show that the system provides high throughput and reliabilitywith low-latency handoffs. Secondly, we investigate if and how multi-channel communication can mitigate theimpact of link dynamics on low-power wireless protocols. Our study is motivated bya curiosity to reconcile two opposing views: that link dynamics is best compensatedby either (i) adaptive routing, or (ii) multi-channel communication. We perform acomprehensive measurement campaign and evaluate performance both in the singlelink and over a multi-hop network. We study packet reception ratios, maximumburst losses, temporal correlation of losses and loss correlations across channels.The evaluation shows that multi-channel communication significantly reduces linkburstiness and packet losses. In multi-hop networks, multi-channel communicationsand adaptive routing achieves similar end-to-end reliability in dense topologies,while multi-channel communication outperforms adaptive routing in sparse networkswhere re-routing options are limited. Third, we address the problem of distributed information exchange in proximitybasednetworks. First, we consider randomized information exchange and assess thepotential of multi-channel epidemic discovery. We propose an epidemic neightbordiscoverymechanism that reduces discovery times considerably compared to singlechannelprotocols in large and dense networks. Then, the idea is extended todeterministic information exchange. We propose, design and evaluate an epidemicinformation dissemination mechanism with strong performance both in theory andpractice. Finally, we apply some of the concepts from epidemic discovery to the designof an asynchronous, sender-initiated multi-channel medium access protocol. Theprotocol combines a novel mechanism for rapid schedule learning that avoids perpacketchannel negotiations with the use of burst data transfer to provide efficientsupport of ’multiple contending unicast and parallel data flows.<br>De senaste åren har forskning inom trådlös kommunikation drivits av önskemåletom att kunna ersätta nuvarande trådbundna kommunikationslänkar med trådlösa lågenergialternativ.Dock kvarstår många utmaningar, såsom instabila och sporadiskalänkar, överbelastning på grund av en ökning i antal trådlösa enheter, hur maneffektivt kan växla duty-cycling mekanismen för att förlänga nätverkens livstid,med flera. Dessa utmaningar begränsar industrin från att ta till sig och utnyttjade fördelar som trådlösa lågenergialternativ kan medföra. I den här avhandlingenföreslår, designar, implementerar och utvärderar vi protokoll och system som kanförbättra de nuvarande trådlösa lågenergialternativen. Först presenterar vi MobiSense, en systemarkitektur för energibesparande kommunikationi mikro-mobila sensorscenarier. MobiSense är en hybridarkitektur somkombinerar ett fast infrastrukturnätverk med rörliga sensornoder. Simulerings- ochexperimentella resultat visar att systemet uppnår en högre överföringskapacitet ochtillförlitlighet samtidigt som överlämnandet mellan basstationer har låg latens. I den andra delen behandlar vi hur effekterna från länkdynamiken hos protokollför lågenergikommunikation kan minskas, och försöker förena idéerna hos två motståendesynsätt: (i) flerkanalskommunikation och (ii) adaptiv routing. Vi analyserarenkanals- och flerkanalskommunikation över en-stegslänkar i termer av andelenmottagna paket kontra andelen förlorade, den maximala sporadiska förlusten avpaket, tidskorrelation för förluster och förlustkorrelation mellan olika kanaler. Resultatenindikerar att flerkanalskommunikation med kanalhoppning kraftigt minskardet sporadiska uppträdandet hos länkarna och korrelationen mellan paketförluster.För flerstegsnätverk uppvisar flerkanalskommunikation och adaptiv routingliknande tillförlitlighet i täta topologier, medan flerkanalskommunikation har bättreprestanda än adaptiv routing i glesa nätverk med sporadiska länkar. I den tredje delen studeras distribuerat informationsutbyte i närhetsbaseradenätverk. Först betraktas det slumpmässiga fallet och vi fastställer potentialen hosflerkanalig indirekt utforskning av nätverket. Vi analyserar ett trestegs protokoll,som möjliggör en snabbare utforskning av nätverket. Sedan föreslår vi en ny algoritmför att upptäcka grannarna i ett flerkanalsnätverk, som kraftigt minskarutforskningstiden i jämförelse med ett enkanalsprotokoll. Vi utökar även problemettill det deterministiska fallet och föreslår en mekanism för informationsspridningsom påskyndar utforskningstiderna för deterministiska protokoll. Utvidgningen hartvå huvudförbättringar som leder till kraftigt ökad prestanda samtidigt som degaranterar att utforskningsprocessen är deterministisk. Till sist applicerar vi koncepten rörande indirekt utforskning för att designa,implementera och evaluera ett asynkront sändare-initierat flerkanals MAC protokollför trådlös lågenergikommunikation. Protokollet kombinerar en ny mekanism försnabbt lärande av tidsschemat, vilket undviker kanalförhandling för varje paket,med sporadisk dataöverföring. Detta möjliggör ett effektivt tillhandahållande avflera konkurrerande och parallella dataflöden.<br><p>QC 20151204</p>
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Zheng, Chenyu. "Ultra-low power energy harvesting wireless sensor network design." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18812.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering<br>William B. Kuhn and Balasubramaniam Natarajan<br>This thesis presents an energy harvesting wireless sensor network (EHWSN) architecture customized for use within a space suit. The contribution of this research spans both physical (PHY) layer energy harvesting transceiver design and appropriate medium access control (MAC) layer solutions. The EHWSN architecture consists of a star topology with two types of transceiver nodes: a powered Gateway Radio (GR) node and multiple energy harvesting (EH) Bio-Sensor Radio (BSR) nodes. A GR node works as a central controller to receive data from BSR nodes and manages the EHWSN via command packets; low power BSR nodes work to obtain biological signals, packetize the data and transmit it to the GR node. To demonstrate the feasibility of an EHWSN at the PHY layer, a representative BSR node is designed and implemented. The BSR node is powered by a thermal energy harvesting system (TEHS) which exploits the difference between the temperatures of a space suit's cooling garment and the astronaut's body. It is shown that through appropriate control of the duty-cycle in transmission and receiving modes, it is possible for the transceiver to operate with less than 1mW power generated by the TEHS. A super capacitor, energy storage of TEHS, acts as an energy buffer between TEHS and power consuming units (processing units and transceiver radio). The super capacitor charges when a BSR node is in sleep mode and discharges when the node is active. The node switches from sleep mode to active mode whenever the super capacitor is fully charged. A voltage level monitor detects the system's energy level by measuring voltage across the super capacitor. Since the power generated by the TEHS is extremely low(less than 1mW) and a BSR node consumes relatively high power (approximately 250mW) during active mode, a BSR node must work under an extremely low duty cycle (approximately 0.4%). This ultra-low duty cycle complicates MAC layer design because a BSR node must sleep for more than 99.6% of overall operation time. Another challenge for MAC layer design is the inability to predict when the BSR node awakens from sleep mode due to unpredictability of the harvested energy. Therefore, two feasible MAC layer designs, CSA (carrier sense ALOHA based)-MAC and GRI (gateway radio initialized)-MAC, are proposed in this thesis.
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Okumura, Ryota. "Efficient Bi-Directional Communications for Low-Power Wireless Mesh Network." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263789.

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京都大学<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(情報学)<br>甲第23328号<br>情博第764号<br>新制||情||130(附属図書館)<br>京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻<br>(主査)教授 原田 博司, 教授 守倉 正博, 教授 大木 英司<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当<br>Doctor of Informatics<br>Kyoto University<br>DFAM
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Huang, An-Lun. "Security primitives for ultra-low power sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24343.

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The concept of wireless sensor network (WSN) is where tiny devices (sensor nodes), positioned fairly close to each other, are used for sensing and gathering data from its environment and exchange information through wireless connections between these nodes (e.g. sensor nodes distributed through out a bridge for monitoring the mechanical stress level of the bridge continuously). In order to easily deploy a relatively large quantity of sensor nodes, the sensor nodes are typically designed for low price and small size, thereby causing them to have very limited resources available (e.g. energy, processing power). Over the years, different security (cryptographic) primitives have been proposed and refined aiming at utilizing modern processor’s power e.g. 32-bit or 64-bit operation, architecture such as MMX (Multi Media Extension) and etc. In other words, security primitives have targeted at high-end systems (e.g. desktop or server) in software implementations. Some hardware-oriented security primitives have also been proposed. However, most of them have been designed aiming only at large message and high speed hashing, with no power consumption or other resources (such as memory space) taken into considerations. As a result, security mechanisms for ultra-low power (<500µW) devices such as the wireless sensor nodes must be carefully selected or designed with their limited resources in mind. The objective of this project is to provide implementations of security primitives (i.e. encryption and authentication) suitable to the WSN environment, where resources are extremely limited. The goal of the project is to provide an efficient building block on which the design of WSN secure routing protocols can be based on, so it can relieve the protocol designers from having to design everything from scratch. This project has provided three main contributions to the WSN field.  Provides analysis of different tradeoffs between cryptographic security strength and performances, which then provide security primitives suitable for the needs in a WSN environment. Security primitives form the link layer security and act as building blocks for higher layer protocols i.e. secure routing protocol.  Implements and optimizes several security primitives in a low-power microcontroller (TI MSP430F1232) with very limited resources (256 bytes RAM, 8KB flash program memory). The different security primitives are compared according to the number of CPU cycles required per byte processed, specific architectures required (e.g. multiplier, large bit shift) and resources (RAM, ROM/flash) required. These comparisons assist in the evaluation of its corresponding energy consumption, and thus the applicability to wireless sensor nodes.  Apart from investigating security primitives, research on various security protocols designed for WSN have also been conducted in order to optimize the security primitives for the security protocols design trend. Further, a new link layer security protocol using optimized security primitives is also proposed. This new protocol shows an improvement over the existing link layer security protocols. Security primitives with confidentiality and authenticity functions are implemented in the TinyMote sensor nodes from the Technical University of Vienna in a wireless sensor network. This is to demonstrate the practicality of the designs of this thesis in a real-world WSN environment. This research has achieved ultra-low power security primitives in wireless sensor network with average power consumption less than 3.5 µW (at 2 second packet transmission interval) and 700 nW (at 5 second packet transmission interval). The proposed link layer security protocol has also shown improvements over existing protocols in both security and power consumption.<br>Dissertation (MEng (Computer Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008.<br>Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering<br>unrestricted
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Books on the topic "Low-MAC"

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Littman, Brett, curator, writer of added commentary, Tardos, Anne, writer of added commentary, Gorelick, Sylvia, writer of added commentary, and Drawing Center (New York, N.Y.), eds. Jackson Mac Low: Lines-letters-words. The Drawing Center, 2017.

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Madron, Thomas William. Low cost E-Mail with UUCP: Integrating Unix, DOS, Windows, and Mac. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995.

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Low, Jackson Mac. Jackson Mac Low: Doings. Granary Books, 2002.

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Jackson Mac Low: Between Writing and Performance. Unknown Publisher, 2023.

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Madron, Thomas Wm. Low Cost E-Mail With Uucp: Integrating Unix, Dos, Windows and Mac (Vnr Communications Library). John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1994.

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Otruba, Kathy. LAN7430/LAN7431 Low Power PCIe to Gigabit Ethernet Controller with Integrated MAC / PHY - Data Sheet. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2019.

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Otruba, Kathy. LAN7430/LAN7431 Low Power PCIe to Gigabit Ethernet Controller with Integrated MAC / PHY - Data Sheet. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2019.

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Rapin, Isabelle. Preschool Children with Inadequate Communication: Developmental Language Disorder, Autism, Low IQ (Clinics in Developmental Medicine (Mac Keith Press)). MacKeith Press, 1996.

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Cauliflower Mac and Cheese Recipe - CookBook: You Won't Miss the Pasta in This Cauliflower Mac and Cheese Recipe! a Healthier, Low Carb Alternative to Regular Macaroni, It's Easy, Creamy, and Delicious. Independently Published, 2021.

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Gutierrez, Jose A. Wireless Medium Access Control (Mac) and Physical Layer (Phy) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (Lr-Wpans) (Ieee Standartd for Information Technology 802.15.4). Inst of Elect & Electronic, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Low-MAC"

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Aby, Affoua Thérèse, Alexandre Guitton, Pascal Lafourcade, and Michel Misson. "SLACK-MAC: Adaptive MAC Protocol for Low Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks." In Ad Hoc Networks. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25067-0_6.

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Kapse, Vinod, Aashmi Jain, and Manisha Pattanaik. "Design of an Area Efficient and Low Power MAC Unit." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3433-6_33.

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Borms, Joris, Kris Steenhaut, and Bart Lemmens. "Low-Overhead Dynamic Multi-channel MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11917-0_6.

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Le, Hung-Cuong, Hervé Guyennet, Violeta Felea, and Noureddine Zerhouni. "A Low Latency MAC Scheme for Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks." In Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77024-4_28.

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Muhammad, Ehsan, and Congduc Pham. "Adaptive Duty-Cycled MAC for Low-Latency Mission-Critical Surveillance Applications." In Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07425-2_13.

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Debasis, Kumar, and M. P. Singh. "An Enhanced Low Duty Cycle MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2475-2_40.

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Pedditi, Ramesh Babu, and Kumar Debasis. "A Modified Low Energy Consuming MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81336-8_12.

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Autenrieth, Marcus, and Hannes Frey. "PaderMAC: A Low-Power, Low-Latency MAC Layer with Opportunistic Forwarding Support for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22450-8_9.

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Kim, Seong Cheol, Hyun Joo Park, and Jun Heon Jeon. "Low Latency and Collision Avoidance MAC Protocol in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6516-0_80.

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On, JeongSeok, JaeHyun Kim, Jaiyong Lee, Yeonsoo Kim, and Hakjin Chong. "A MAC Protocol with Adaptive Preloads Considering Low Duty-Cycle in WSNs." In Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77024-4_26.

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Conference papers on the topic "Low-MAC"

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D, Preethi, Valarmathi R S, Ajith Gowd V, Syam Deepak M, Shanmukshandan D, and Kanmani Pappa C. "Low Power MAC Using Modified Booth Encoder." In 2024 5th International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icesc60852.2024.10689769.

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Scalcon, Davide, Elisa Bazzani, Giuseppe Vallone, Paolo Villoresi, and Marco Avesani. "MacZac: ultra low QBER time-bin qubit and qudit generator." In Quantum 2.0. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/quantum.2024.qth4b.6.

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The qubit encoding with low quantum-bit-error-rate (QBER) is crucial in effective quantum communications as it directly influence the final key-rate. We here introduce Mac-Zac scheme leveraging on intrinsically-stable interferometer reaching parts in 105 of base contrast.
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Esposito, Darjn, Antonio G. M. Strollo, and Massimo Alioto. "Low-power approximate MAC unit." In 2017 13th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/prime.2017.7974112.

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Corbellini, Giorgio, Emilio Calvanese Strinati, and Andrzej Duda. "LA-MAC: Low-latency asynchronous MAC for wireless sensor networks." In 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc.2012.6362815.

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Nguyen, Kien, and Yusheng Ji. "LCO-MAC: A Low Latency, Low Control Overhead MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2008 4th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msn.2008.17.

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Sabater, Jordi, Martin Kluge, Sergio Bovelli, and Josef Schalk. "Low-power low-latency MAC protocol for aeronautical applications." In Microtechnologies for the New Millennium, edited by Thomas Becker, Carles Cané, and N. Scott Barker. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.724122.

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Tran, Le Quang Vinh, Olivier Berder, and Olivier Sentieys. "RIC-MAC: A MAC protocol for low-power cooperative wireless sensor networks." In 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952567.

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Wang, Chaoyu, Liang Liu, Huadong Ma, and Dan Xia. "LST-MAC: A Low-Latency Hybrid MAC Protocol for LEO Satellite Supported IoT." In 2019 IEEE 25th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads47876.2019.00074.

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Liu, Daibo, Xiaopei Wu, Zhichao Cao, Mingyan Liu, Yujun Li, and Mengshu Hou. "CD-MAC: A contention detectable MAC for low duty-cycled wireless sensor networks." In 2015 12th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2015.7338289.

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Narendra, C. P., and K. M. Ravi Kumar. "Low power MAC architecture for DSP applications." In 2014 International Conference on Circuits, Communication, Control and Computing (I4C). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cimca.2014.7057832.

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