Journal articles: 'Low-NOx burner'

1

VANDERDRIFT, A. "Low-NOx hydrogen burner." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 21, no. 6 (June 1996): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(95)00105-0.

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Terada, Shinya, Ryosuke Matsumoto, Isao Ishihara, and Mamoru Ozawa. "F161 Development of Low-NOx Diffusion Burner." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2005 (2005): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2005.255.

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3

McVey, J. B., F. C. Padget, T. J. Rosfjord, A. S. Hu, A. A. Peracchio, B. Schlein, and D. R. Tegel. "Evaluation of Low-NOx Combustor Concepts for Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906746.

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An experimental program was conducted to evaluate low-NOx combustor concepts applicable to natural-gas-burning aeroderivative gas turbine engines operating at a nominal pressure ratio of 20:1. Gas sampling measurements at the exit of the primary zone of high-shear and lean premixed burners were acquired under elevated entrance pressure and temperature conditions over a range of primary zone equivalence ratios. Piloting systems were incorporated in most of the burner designs to achieve satisfactory burner operability. Both swirl stabilized and perforated-plate (grid) stabilized burners were found to produce NOx levels lower than the current engine goal of 25 ppm (15 percent O2).

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4

Andrews, G. E., H. S. Alkabie, M. M. Abdul Aziz, U. S. Abdul Hussain, N. A. Al Dabbagh, N. A. Ahmad, A. F. Ali Al Shaikly, M. Kowkabi, and A. R. Shahabadi. "High-Intensity Burners with Low Nox Emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 206, no. 1 (February 1992): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_003_02.

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Experimental combustion and NOx emissions results are summarized for a range of jet shear layer combustion systems that have rapid fuel and air mixing, short intense flames, a high turn-down ratio and low NOx characteristics. Two burner sizes of 76 and 140 mm are investigated for propane and natural gas. Three jet shear layer burners are compared with axial and radial swirlers. The combustion techniques were developed for application to low NOx combustion systems for industrial gas turbines, where NOx emissions as low as 10 ppm at 15 per cent oxygen have been demonstrated. It is shown that at one bar pressure, gas turbine combustors and high-intensity burners operate at similar air flow, blockage and pressure loss conditions.

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5

MATSUMOTO, Keigo, Koutarou Fujimura, Kazuhiro DOMOTO, Naofumi ABE, and Jun KASAI. "E110 Development of innovative low NOx coal burner." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2010.15 (2010): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2010.15.191.

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6

Bussman, Wes, Roger Poe, Bob Hayes, Jason McAdams, and Jay Karan. "Low NOx burner technology for ethylene cracking furnaces." Environmental Progress 21, no. 1 (April 2002): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670210107.

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7

Amano, Iwamaro, Shigeharu Kokuryo, and Keigo Matsumoto. "Low NOx Burner for Coal Fired Steam Generator." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 68, no. 6 (2014): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.68.625.

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MATSUMOTO, Ryosuke, Mamoru OZAWA, Isao ISHIHARA, Shingo SASAKI, and Masahiro TAKAICHI. "Development of Low-NOx DME Multi-Port Burner." JSME International Journal Series B 49, no. 2 (2006): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.49.245.

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9

Kim, Se Won, Chang Yeop Lee, and Min Jun Kwon. "Studies on the Ultra-Low NOx Burner Technology Using Partial Oxidation Reaction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.93.

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A new concept of low NOx burner, based on a partial oxidation combustion concept, is successfully applied in this research. The burner is designed such that a portion of liquid fuel is heated and pre-vaporized in the furnace then injected into a fuel rich combustion zone so that a partial oxidation reaction occurs. The effects of equivalence ratio, thermal load, and fuel distribution ratio on the emissions of NOx and CO are experimentally investigated. This newly developed burner showed very low NOx emission level, about 12 ppm, when light oil is used as a fuel.

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10

Bee´r, J. M., M. A. Toqan, J. M. Haynes, and R. W. Borio. "Development of the Radially Stratified Flame Core Low NOx Burner: From Fundamentals to Industrial Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1688767.

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Research and development of the low NOx radially stratified flame core (RSFC) burner is followed from its fundamental concept through prototype burner design, pilot scale experiments at M.I.T. and scale-up and commercial design by ABB-CE (now ALSTOM Power) to applications in industrial and utility plant boilers. The principle that turbulence can be significantly damped in a rotating flow field with a strong positive radial density gradient was used to increase the fuel rich zone residence time in internally staged low NOx burners. The continuous interaction of ideas from laboratory experimental and computational studies with those from the commercial design and industrial scale tests played a pivotal role in the development of the final product, the commercial RSFC burner. Examples of application in gas, oil, and coal fired industrial and utility boilers are discussed.

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11

Srivastava, Ravi K., and James A. Mulholland. "Low NOx, high efficiency multistaged burner: Gaseous fuel results." Environmental Progress 7, no. 1 (February 1988): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.3300070117.

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12

Mulholland, James A., and Ravi K. Srivastava. "Low NOx, High Efficiency Multistaged Burner: Fuel Oil Results." JAPCA 38, no. 9 (September 1988): 1162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466466.

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13

KIMOTO, Masayoshi, Michitaka IKEDA, Hisao MAKINO, Takashi KIGA, and Yoshihiko ENDO. "Improvement of Low Load Combustion Stability for Advanced Low NOx Burner." JSME International Journal Series B 41, no. 4 (1998): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.41.1071.

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14

Sattelmayer, T., M. P. Felchlin, J. Haumann, J. Hellat, and D. Styner. "Second-Generation Low-Emission Combustors for ABB Gas Turbines: Burner Development and Tests at Atmospheric Pressure." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906293.

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Based on fundamental research concerning swirling flows, including the vortex breakdown phenomenon, as well as on stability considerations of premixed flames, a second generation of low-emission burners has been developed. The lean premixing technique provides NOx emissions below 25 ppmv for natural gas. For liquid fuels the oxides of nitrogen are limited to 42 ppmv (oil No. 2). The novel burner technology will be applied to the well-known ABB silo combustor. As a first step the Conical Premix Burner will be used to retrofit the ABB type 11N. For the ABB gas turbine type 8 the design of a novel fully annular combustor is in progress. Most of the conceptual work concerning burner aerodynamics and burner-burner interaction has been carried out on scaled-down burner and combustor models. For a second step a sector of the combustor in 1:1 scale has been tested at atmospheric pressure. Additional high-pressure tests provide information about the combustor performance at engine conditions. The present paper summarizes the results of the first two steps beginning with the early ideas in the conceptual phase up to the 1:1 tests, which prove the low-NOx capability for both gaseous and liquid fuels under atmospheric pressure conditions.

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15

Do¨bbeling, K., H. P. Kno¨pfel, W. Polifke, D. Winkler, C. Steinbach, and T. Sattelmayer. "Low-Nox Premixed Combustion of MBtu Fuels Using the ABB Double Cone Burner (EV Burner)." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816548.

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A novel combustion technique, based on the Double Cone Burner, has been developed and tested. NOx emissions down to very low levels are reached without the usual strong dilution of the fuel for MBtu syngases from oxygen-blown gasification of coal or residual oil. A limited amount of dilution is necessary in order to prevent ignition during the mixing of fuel and combustion air. The relevant properties of the fuel are reviewed in relation to the goal of achieving premixed combustion. The basic considerations lead to a fuel injection strategy completely different from that for natural gas. A high-speed premixing system is necessary due to the very short chemical reaction times of MBtu fuel. Fuel must be prevented from forming ignitable mixtures inside the burner for reliability reasons. A suitable fuel injection method, which can be easily added to the ABB double cone burner, is described. In common with the design of the standard EV burner, the MBtu EV burner with this fuel injection method is inherently safe against flashback. Three-dimensional flow field and combustion modeling is used to investigate the mixing patterns and the location of the reaction front. Two burner test facilities, one operating at ambient and the other at full gas turbine pressure, have been used for the evaluation of different burner designs. The full-pressure tests were carried out with the original gas turbine burner size and geometry. Combining the presented numerical predictive capabilities and the experimental test facilities, burner performance can be reliably assessed for a wide range of MBtu and LBtu fuels (residue oil gasification, waste gasification, coal gasification, etc.). The atmospheric tests of the burner show NOx values below 2 ppm at an equivalence ratio equal to full-load gas turbine operation. The NOx increase with pressure was found to be very high. Nevertheless, NOx levels of 25 vppmd (@ 15 percent O2) have been measured at full gas turbine pressure. Implemented into ABB’s recently introduced gas turbine GT13E2, the new combustion technique will allow a more straightforward IGCC plant configuration without air extraction from the gas turbine to be used.

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16

Spangelo, O., T. Slungaard, T. Engebretsen, and O. K. Sonju. "DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-NOx SWIRL BURNER FOR GASEOUS FUELS." Clean Air: International Journal on Energy for a Clean Environment 7, no. 3 (2006): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.v7.i3.20.

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17

Li, Chen, Su Ping Cui, Xian Zheng Gong, Xian Ce Meng, and Hong Tao Wang. "LCA Method of MSC and Low-NOx Burner Technology in Cement Manufacturing." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.802.

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LCA method was used to model the life cycle of cement manufacturing with multi-stage combustion and low-NOx Burner technology applied as its low-NOx system. The life cycle is from the coal and raw materials transportation, through the coal and raw meal grinding, to the clinker incineration, and finally the flue gas including NOx to the air atmosphere. The functional unit is 1 tonne clinker. Data for cement produced in MSC and LNB technology is analyzed. The data is collected from the real clinker production situation and the measurement is taken in 12 hours continuously.

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18

Jia, Zhenzhen, Qing Ye, Haizhen Wang, He Li, and Shiliang Shi. "Numerical Simulation of a New Porous Medium Burner with Two Sections and Double Decks." Processes 6, no. 10 (October 6, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100185.

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Porous medium burners are characterized by high efficiency and good stability. In this study, a new burner was proposed based on the combustion mechanism of the methane-air mixture in the porous medium and the preheating effect. The new burner is a two-section and double-deck porous medium with gas inlets at both ends. A mathematical model for the gas mixture combustion in the porous medium was established. The combustion performance of the burner was simulated under different equivalence ratios and inlet velocities of premixed gas. The methane combustion degree, as well as the temperature and pressure distribution, was estimated. In addition, the concentrations of emissions of NOx for different equivalence ratios were investigated. The results show that the new burner can not only realize sufficient combustion but also save energy. Furthermore, the emission concentration of NOx is very low. This study provides new insights into the industrial development and application of porous medium combustion devices.

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19

Perpignan, A. A. V., and A. Gangoli Rao. "Effects of chemical reaction mechanism and NOx formation pathways on an inter-turbine burner." Aeronautical Journal 123, no. 1270 (April 23, 2019): 1898–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2019.12.

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ABSTRACTOne of the main challenges of future aircraft engines is to achieve low pollutant emissions while maintaining high combustion efficiencies and operability. The Flameless Combustion (FC) regime is pointed as one of the promising solutions due to its well-distributed reaction zones that yield low NOx emissions and oscillations. A dual-combustor configuration potentially facilitates the attainment of FC in the Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB). The development of such burner is dependent on knowledge regarding NOx formation and the parameters affecting it. It is known from the literature that the NOx formation mechanisms are different in FC. Therefore, in an attempt to clarify some of the mechanisms involved in NOx formation at relevant conditions, a chemical reactor network model developed to represent the ITB is explored. The role of prompt NOx was previously shown to be dominant at relatively low inlet temperatures and atmospheric pressure. In order to check these findings, five chemical reaction mechanisms were employed. All of them overpredicted NOx emissions and the overprediction is likely to be caused by the prompt NOx subset implemented in these mechanisms. Higher reactants temperatures and operational pressures were also investigated. Overall NOx emissions increased with temperature and the NOx peak moved to lower equivalence ratios. Operational pressure changed the emissions trend with global equivalence ratio. Leaner conditions had behaviour similar to that of conventional combustors (increase in NOx), while NOx dropped with further increase in equivalence ratio due to suppression of the prompt NOx production, as well as an increase in NO reburning. These trends highlight the differences between the emission behaviour of the ITB with those of a conventional combustion system.

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20

Milivojevic, Aleksandar, Miroljub Adzic, Milan Gojak, Mirjana Stamenic, and Vuk Adzic. "Analysis of the performance of a low-power atmospheric burner for gas appliances for households and their impact on the emission and stability of the burner." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200717302m.

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The paper presents results of theoretical numerical research dealing with CO and NOX emission performed in the process of optimization of the performance of low-power atmospheric burners. The theoretical part of this paper, whose main goals were better understanding of the complex issues of methodology and establishment of performance prediction and optimization of low-power atmospheric gas burner included numerical variation of independent parameters, such as burner geometry, the coefficients of primary and secondary air and different gaseous fuels including biogas. The findings of theoretically obtained performance prediction and optimization of atmospheric burners were experimentally investigated in purpose built test rigs for a number of variable parameters. The obtained results fully justified the proposed models of performance prediction and burner optimization.

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21

KIMOTO, Masayoshi, Hisao MAKINO, Katsumi OHBA, and Takashi KTGA. "Improvement of Combustion Stability at Low Load for Low NOx Pulverized Coal Burner." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 77, no. 3 (1998): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.77.223.

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22

Ren, Li Ming, Jing Xue An, Chun Yu Wang, and Lei Wang. "Influence of Low NOx Burner Retrofit on the Performances of a Boiler." Advanced Materials Research 1023 (August 2014): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1023.116.

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This paper presents the experimental investigation on the operational performances of a Boiler after a Low NOx burner retrofit. After the retrofit, several operational performances emerge a major change, including the unburned combustible in flying ash raise under higher load, the temperature of reheat steam drop greatly under lower load. As a result, the changes have an influence on the economy of boiler. As for it, a special experimental study was carried out to obtain the best operating mode, and the law of change on the several parameters. The research results are a significant reference to retrofit involved in Low NOx burner utilized to a boiler.

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23

Toyoshima, Masuaki. "Labor Saving and CO2, NOX Reduction with the Low Emission Burner." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 53, no. 11 (1999): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.53.1438.

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24

NAKAMURA, TSUNEAKI, and ICHIRO NAKAMACHI. "Advanced Energy Conversion Technologies. Development of Low NOx Regenerative Burner System." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 26, no. 2 (2000): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.26.221.

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25

Do¨bbeling, K., A. Eroglu, D. Winkler, T. Sattelmayer, and W. Keppel. "Low NOx Premixed Combustion of MBtu Fuels in a Research Burner." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817020.

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The paper reports on the development and testing of a premix research burner for MBtu fuels. The burner has a quartz glass annular mixing section and a quartz, glass flame tube to allow visualization of the flame. A central lance is used to mount modules for fuel injection, swirl generation, and flame stabilization. This allows a large number of variants with different swirl strength, mixing section length, fuel injection geometry, and flameholder size and shape to be easily tested. Experiments have been performed at atmospheric pressure and under high-pressure conditions (14 bar pressure, 400°C air preheat temperature) for syngas with a H2/CO ratio of up to 5. In a preliminary study, the mixing quality of the tested variants has been assessed with planar laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). High-pressure combustion tests show that low NOx (<10 vppmd @ 15 percent O2) premix combustion of MBtu fuels under industrial GT conditions without dilution is feasible.

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26

Wang, Mingyu, Jing Zhao, Feihong Guo, Lingli Zhu, Dekui Shen, and Xiaoxiang Jiang. "Numerical simulation on the emission of NOx from the combustion of natural gas in the sidewall burner." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200916061w.

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The NOx produced from industrial facilities is a serious environmental problem in China. In this work, the NOx emission from the combustion of natural gas in the sidewall burner was investigated by using computational fluid dynamics method. To achieve the low-NOx emission, the sidewall burner structure was optimized involving the width of the primary premixed gas outlet, the secondary fuel gas nozzles number and angular spacing. The mixing rate of fuel gas and air could be improved by increasing the width of primary premixed gas outlet, and the lowest NOx emission of 32.8 ppm was achieved at the width of 8 mm. The NOx emission was remarkably reduced with the increasing of nozzles number, where 28.33 ppm of NOx emission and 357.35 ppm of CO were obtained at 4 nozzles. The combustion performance and NOx emission was improved as well as NOx emission was reduced at the angular spacing of 55?, compared to that of 30?, 35?, 40?, 45?, 50? and 60?.

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27

Lambosi, Latip, Amir Khalid, and Bukhari Manshoor. "Emission and Performance Characteristic of Biodiesel Burner System: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.540.

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Shortage in hydrocarbon fuel sources, energy preservation and future stringent emission regulations have been a formidable challenge to the most prominent Small and Medium Enterprise (SME ) in Malaysia especially in the burner system of boiler. Therefore, the alternative source of fuel is receiving a lot of attention especially in the application of renewable energy such as biodiesel fuel (BDF) and low quality fuel. The application of biodiesel in the burner system offer not only attractive and more economical fuel but also creates problems of higher toxic emission such as nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matters (PM). This review presents the current status of the several studies that had been carried out on the emission and performance characteristic of biodiesel burners burner in term of the specific fuel type that could be used, type of emissions such as NOx, CO, CO2 and others operating condition that can be used to optimize the performance of the biodiesel burner system and also comment the progress of it in some areas. Based on the review clearly indicated that this form of alternative fuel can be an attractive renewable alternative energy source for burner system.

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28

Yang, Daolong, Jianping Li, Yanxiang Wang, Chao Tian, and Chi Zhang. "Recent Patents on Boiler Burners for Natural Gas." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666181213092622.

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Background: With the development of natural gas and shale gas worldwide, the consumption of gas will continue to increase in the future. Natural gas is flammable and explosive, and the exhaust gas produced during the combustion of natural gas in boiler burners is one of the main sources of NOx in the air. Objective: This paper introduces patents and researches of natural gas boiler burners to improve the safety of natural gas boiler burners and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. Methods: In summarizing the existing boiler burner for natural gas, this paper introduces three new patents of natural gas boiler burner: the low-nitrogen burner, the energy-saving leakage-detecting burner and the small boiler burner. Results: The low-nitrogen burner identifies the fixed control of gas flow, enhances the gas flow’s antiinterference ability, and achieves a relatively accurate ratio of the fuel-air flow. The energy-saving leakage-detecting burner enhances the natural gas and air flow stability and improves combustion efficiency and the safety and reliability by optimizing the ratio of natural gas to air. The small boiler burner improves the safety and reliability of the natural gas boiler burner, prolongs the service life of the igniter, and makes up for the shortcomings of high stability in the gas pressure. Conclusion: On the basis of ensuring the safety of the burner, the low-nitrogen transformation of the boiler burner is as energy-efficient as possible in order to maximize the advantages of natural gas resources.

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29

Karim, H., K. Lyle, S. Etemad, L. L. Smith, W. C. Pfefferle, P. Dutta, and K. Smith. "Advanced Catalytic Pilot for Low NOx Industrial Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1586313.

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This paper describes the design and testing of a catalytically stabilized pilot burner for current and advanced Dry Low NOx (DLN) gas turbine combustors. In this paper, application of the catalytic pilot technology to industrial engines is described using Solar Turbines’ Taurus 70 engine. The objective of the work described is to develop the catalytic pilot technology and document the emission benefits of catalytic pilot technology when compared to higher, NOx producing pilots. The catalytic pilot was designed to replace the existing pilot in the existing DLN injector without major modification to the injector. During high-pressure testing, the catalytic pilot showed no incidence of flashback or autoignition while operating over wide range of combustion temperatures. The catalytic reactor lit off at a temperature of approximately 598 K (325°C/617°F) and operated at simulated 100% and 50% load conditions without a preburner. At high pressure, the maximum catalyst surface temperature was similar to that observed during atmospheric pressure testing and considerably lower than the surface temperature expected in lean-burn catalytic devices. In single-injector rig testing, the integrated assembly of the catalytic pilot and Taurus 70 injector demonstrated NOx and CO emission less than 5 ppm @ 15% O2 for 100% and 50% load conditions along with low acoustics. The results demonstrate that a catalytic pilot burner replacing a diffusion flame or partially premixed pilot in an otherwise DLN combustor can enable operation at conditions with substantially reduced NOx emissions.

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Yoshida, Y., K. Oyakawa, Y. Aizawa, and H. Kaya. "A High-Temperature Catalytic Combustor With Starting Burner." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (October 1, 2000): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1373397.

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A catalytic combustion system has high potential to achieve low NOx emission level. When this combustion system is applied to a gas turbine, the required combustor performance must be maintained over a wide range of operating conditions. These conditions range from cold starting to steady-state operation. Particularly during the initial stage of cold starting when the catalyst is not yet activated, the catalyst must be heated by some means. This study proposes a new concept of a catalytic combustor with a direct heating system using vaporizing tube for starting burner in order to downsize the combustor and reduce the warm-up time during cold starts. The effectiveness of this concept is experimentally verified. Furthermore, NOx, CO, and HC emissions during startup can be reduced to a low level so as to achieve ultra-low pollution of the catalytic combustion over a wide range of operating conditions from cold start to steady-state operation. This paper outlines the operation concept covering cold start, verification of the concept through the experiments with flame visualization in the combustor, spray characteristics, construction of the combustor, and combustion characteristics that show low pollution in various operating conditions of the catalytic combustor.

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31

Mulholland, J. A., and R. E. Hall. "Fuel Oil Reburning Application for NOx Control to Firetube Package Boilers." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240026.

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Two pilot-scale (0.73 MW or 2.5 × 106 Btu/hr) firetube package boilers were retrofitted for fuel oil reburning application for NOx emission control. When firing distillate fuel oil (0.01 percent nitrogen content), an overall NOx reduction of 46 percent from an uncontrolled emission of 125 ppm (dry, at zero percent O2) was realized by diverting 20 percent of the total boiler load to a second stage burner; a 51 percent NOx reduction from 265 ppm was achieved in a distillate/residual fuel oil mixture (0.14 percent nitrogen content) reburning application. Nitrogen-free fuel oil reburning was found to be slightly more effective at reducing NOx than was natural gas reburning, although longer fuel-rich zone residence times were required to allow for evaporation and mixing of the fuel oil droplets. Key parameters investigated which impact the reburning process were: primary flame NOx, reburn zone stoichiometry, and reburn zone residence time. Reburning applied to firetube package boilers requires minimal facility modification. Reburning can be coupled with other NOx control techniques (e.g., distributed air low NOx burners) to achieve NOx emissions of less than 100 ppm. However, for very low primary flame NOx conditions (i.e., less than 200 ppm), reburning fuel nitrogen content is a limiting factor, and reburning with a low-nitrogen-content fuel, such as natural gas or nitrogen-free distillate oil, may be necessary to achieve 50 percent NOx reduction.

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32

Megalos, N. P., N. L. Smith, and D. K. Zhang. "The potential for low NOx from a precessing jet burner of coal." Combustion and Flame 124, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(00)00173-5.

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33

KIMOTO, Masayoshi, Hirofumi TSUJI, Hisao MAKINO, and Takashi KIGA. "Scale-up of Advanced Low NOx and High Turndown Pulverized Coal Burner." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 78, no. 6 (1999): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.78.404.

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34

Azevedo, J. L. T., and M. G. Carvalho. "Numerical study of combustion and NO formation in a low NOx burner." Fuel 72, no. 5 (May 1993): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(93)90616-a.

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35

Kurose, Ryoichi, Hisao Makino, and Akira Suzuki. "Numerical analysis of pulverized coal combustion characteristics using advanced low-NOx burner." Fuel 83, no. 6 (April 2004): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2003.07.003.

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36

Martin, R. J., J. T. Kelly, S. Ohmine, and E. K. Chu. "Pilot-Scale Characterization of Dry Sorbent Injection for SO2 Control in a Low-NOx Tangential System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240073.

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A 380-kW (1.3 million Btu/hr) two-burner level, tangentially fired, pilot-scale facility was used to characterize a dry-calcium-based sorbent SO2 capture technique combined with an offset auxiliary air low-NOx burner. Baseline tests showed that the facility properly simulates full-scale temperatures and emission levels. Dry sorbent SO2 test results suggest that for enhanced sorbent SO2 capture, injection should take place away from the burner zone where temperatures are lower, and that the time sorbent particles spend in the optimal temperature range should be extended as much as possible through sorbent injection methods and temperature profile modification.

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Aigner, M., and G. Mu¨ller. "Second-Generation Low-Emission Combustors for ABB Gas Turbines: Field Measurements With GT11N-EV." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906740.

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In February 1991, a type GT11N gas turbine (Midland, USA) was retrofitted with ABB’s new EV-Silo-Combustor. Tests were then carried out to examine the operation concept, to demonstrate the technical reliability, and to confirm the low emission performance of this new technology. This paper will describe: the combustor design—one single silo combustor mounted on the turbine and equipped with 37 Ev burners; and the results of the extensive field measurements—the operation concept (lean premix combustion without any pilot diffusion flames, 7 burner groups) is simple and reliable. The emission targets—NOx<25 ppmv (15 percent O2, natural gas), CO<8 ppmv, UHC<5 ppmv—were reached. NOx values are even lower than 15 ppmv at base load. The NOx predictions for the GT11N-EV, based on the results of high-pressure tests in Cologne (ASME Paper No. 90-GT-308), compared very well with the results of field measurements.

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Dutka, Marcin, Mario Ditaranto, and Terese Løvås. "Application of a Central Composite Design for the Study of NOx Emission Performance of a Low NOx Burner." Energies 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2015): 3606–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8053606.

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Döbbeling, Klaus, Jaan Hellat, and Hans Koch. "25 Years of BBC/ABB/Alstom Lean Premix Combustion Technologies." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 1 (September 28, 2005): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181183.

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The paper will show the development of lean premix combustion technologies in BBC, ABB, and Alstom gas turbines. Different technologies have been developed and applied in Brown Boveri Company (BBC) before 1990. Considerable improvements with respect to NOx emissions as compared to gas turbines with a single combustor and a single diffusion burner for liquid and gaseous fuel have been achieved with burners with extended premixing sections and with multi-injection burners for annular combustors. Between 1990 and 2005, burners with short but effective premixing zones (EV burners: environmentally friendly V-shaped burners) have been implemented in all new gas turbines of the ABB (and later Alstom) fleet with NOx levels well below 25 vppmd (@15% O2). In addition to this, three variants of premix technologies have been successfully developed and deployed into Alstom GT engines: the sequential EV burners—a technology that allows premixing of natural gas and oil into a hot exhaust stream to reheat the exhaust gases of a first high-pressure turbine; the MBtu EV burners that are used to burn syngas in a premix flame with low NOx emissions; and the advanced EV burners (AEV) that are capable to prevaporize and premix liquid fuel prior to combustion and burn it with very low NOx emissions without water injection. The paper will give an overview of these technologies and their usage in Alstom gas turbines over the last 25years.

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Mardani, Amir, Rezapour Rastaaghi, and Fazlollahi Ghomshi. "Liquid petroleum gas flame in a double-swirl gas turbine model combustor: Lean blow-out, pollutant, preheating." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190623139m.

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In this paper, lean blow-out (LBO) limits in a double swirl gas turbine model combustor were investigated experimentally for Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel. The LBO curve was extracted for different combustor configurations. While burner could operate reasonably under ultra-lean conditions, two different sets of operating conditions, one with a low flow rate (LFR) and another one with high flow rate (HFR), are identified and studied in terms of LBO and pollutant. Results showed that while the flame structure was similar in both cases, the chamber responses to geometrical changes and also preheating are minimal at the LFR. That means confinement and injector type have desirable effects on stability borders but not for the LFR. The channeled injector shifted down the LBO limit around 28 percent at HFR. Measurements on the combustor exhaust gas composition and temperature indicate a region with relatively complete combustion and reasonable temperature and a very low level of exhaust NOx pollutants (i.e., below ten ppm) at about 25-50% above the LBO. In this operating envelope, a burner power increment led to a higher exhaust average temperature and combustion efficiency, while NOx formation decreased. Preheating the inlet air up to 100?C results in an improvement in burner stability in about 10 percent, but NOx production intensifies more than three times. Results indicate that the LBO limit is configured more by the burner design and aerodynamic aspects rather than the fuel type.

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Sinitsyn, A. A., O. Y. Nikiforov, Timur Akhmetov, and D. F. Karpov. "Development of a New Burner Device Based on Injection-Radiation Method for Gas Fuel Combustion." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801054.

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This paper presents the results of designing a promising burner device that combines injection and radiation methods for gaseous fuel combustion. Infrared radiation from the heated surface of nozzle of radiation burner provides intensive heat transfer in furnaces and boilers, specifies their high efficiency at low flue gas temperatures, and very low NOx emissions. Effective gas combustion is facilitated by additional heating of the initial fuel mixture during filtration through the hot walls of porous nozzle. The new design of radiation burner has high performance characteristics, provides effective combustion of gaseous fuel up to 99% and meets high environmental standards and requirements.

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Alwan, Raid Abid, Mazlan Abdul Wahid, Mohd Fairuse Mohd Yasin, Arkan AlTaie, and Abuelnuor Abdeen Abuelnuor. "Effects of Equivalence Ratio on Asymmetric Vortex Combustion in a Low NOx Burner." International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 9, no. 5 (September 30, 2015): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v9i5.7157.

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Alwan, Raid Abid, Mazlan Abdul Wahid, Mohsin Mohd Sies, and Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin. "Effects of Air Entry of Swirling Flameless Combustion in a Low NOx Burner." International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v10i2.7943.

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Zhang, Yu, Yuming Xing, and Sheng Chen. "CFD investigation based on gas burner with low-NOx strategy of fuel-staging." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 153 (May 2018): 032022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/153/3/032022.

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HOU, Koui, Daisuke SHIMOKURI, and Satoru ISHIZUKA. "1401 Combustion characteristics of a self-recirculation type low NOx tubular flame burner." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2012.50 (2012): 140101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2012.50.140101.

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46

Yamada, H., K. Shimodaira, and S. Hayashi. "On-Engine Evaluation of Emissions Characteristics of a Variable Geometry Lean-Premixed Combustor." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815563.

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The design and on-engine testing of a lean-premixed, low-NOx combustor for a simple-cycle, single-shaft, 250-kW gas turbine engine of a pressure ratio of eight are described. A variable-geometry system composed of butterfly air valves was used to control the combustor air split between combustion and dilution. Fuel was staged to a direct-injection pilot burner, and a lean-premixed main burner was fitted to the combustor liner. The NOx emissions with natural gas fueling were found to be less than 20 ppm (at 15 percent O2) at and near full-load conditions with combustion efficiencies greater than 99.8 percent. Emissions data from early high-pressure rig tests of the combustor hardware are also presented.

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47

Lv, Tai, and Shi Ze Zhao. "Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Optimized and Transformed 200MW Pulverized Coal Fired Boiler Burner." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1524.

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With the use of computational fluid mechanics software – FLUENT, the numerical simulation computation of combustion process inside a certain 200MW corner tangential firing boiler whose combustor is transformed by the multi-grade efficient low-nitrogen combustion technology was conducted, thus the furnace temperature, velocity, mixture and NOx concentration field at rated conditions before and after the transformation were obtained. The calculation results were highly identical with the industrial test results. The results show that after using the multi-grade efficient low-nitrogen combustion technology, the NOx emissions significantly lowered down with the drop of about 40% compared with the emissions before transformation, while the furnace coking and high temperature corrosion were effectively controlled, achieving good economic and social benefits and providing a reference to the design and transformation of the same types of boilers.

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Hasegawa, T., T. Hisamatsu, Y. Katsuki, M. Sato, H. Koizumi, A. Hayashi, and N. Kobayashi. "Development of Low NOx Combustion Technology in Medium-Btu Fueled 1300°C-Class Gas Turbine Combustor in an Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 1 (December 27, 2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1496772.

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The development of integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems ensures higher thermal efficiency and environmentally sound options for supplying future coal utilizing power generation needs. The Japanese government and electric power industries in Japan promoted research and development of an IGCC system using an air-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier. On the other hand, Europe and the United States are now developing the oxygen-blown IGCC demonstration plants. Gasified coal fuel produced in an oxygen-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier, has a calorific value of 8–13 MJ/m3 which is only 1/5–1/3 that of natural gas. However, the flame temperature of medium-Btu gasified coal fuel is higher than that of natural gas and so NOx production from nitrogen fixation is expected to increase significantly. In the oxygen-blown IGCC, a surplus nitrogen produced in the air-separation unit (ASU) is premixed with gasified coal fuel (medium-Btu fuel) and injected into the combustor, to reduce thermal-NOx production and to recover the power used for the ASU. In this case, the power to compress nitrogen increases. Low NOx emission technology which is capable of decreasing the power to compress nitrogen is a significant advance in gas turbine development with an oxygen-blown IGCC system. Analyses confirmed that the thermal efficiency of the plant improved by approximately 0.3% (absolute) by means of nitrogen direct injection into the combustor, compared with a case where nitrogen is premixed with gasified coal fuel before injection into the combustor. In this study, based on the fundamental test results using a small diffusion burner and a model combustor, we designed the combustor in which the nitrogen injection nozzles arranged on the burner were combined with the lean combustion technique for low-NOx emission. In this way, we could reduce the high-temperature region, where originated the thermal-NOx production, near the burner positively. And then, a combustor with a swirling nitrogen injection function used for a gas turbine, was designed and constructed, and its performance was evaluated under pressurized conditions of actual operations using a simulated gasified coal fuel. From the combustion test results, the thermal-NOx emission decreased under 11 ppm (corrected at 16% O2 ), combustion efficiency was higher than 99.9% at any gas turbine load. Moreover, there was different effects of pressure on thermal-NOx emission in medium-Btu fuel fired combustor from the case of a natural gas fired combustor.

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Xu, Qian, Kang Wang, Junxiao Feng, Chong Ding, Chuqiao Yu, Zhiwei Du, and Yong Zang. "Performance Analysis of Novel Flue Gas Self-Circulated Burner Based on Low-NOx Combustion." Journal of Energy Engineering 146, no. 2 (April 2020): 04019041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000645.

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Wu, Jiang, Ming-chuan Zhang, Hao-Jie Fan, Wei-dong Fan, and Yue-gui Zhou. "A study on fractal characteristics of aerodynamic field in low-NOx coaxial swirling burner." Chemical Engineering Science 59, no. 7 (April 2004): 1473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2003.12.027.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-NOx burner'

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