Journal articles: 'Low-pass Filter'

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Tüzün, Reşat, and Nursel Akçam. "Design of Microstrip Low Pass Filters." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.13.

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Microstrip filters have a significant role in Radio Frequency/Microwave applications. Microstrip filters are common on microwave circuits, satellite communications, radars, test equipments and so on. Because microstrip filters are compact, cheap and easy to produce, they are highly preferred for microwave applications. Microwave filter; microwave system is a two-ported element used to control the frequency response at a certain point by attenuating the frequencies in the stop band by transmitting in the frequency band. Typical frequency responses are low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop. Also approaches such as Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic are defining filter characteristics. In this paper, microstrip filters havign Chebyshev, Elliptic and Maximally Flat approaches were designed. For example Chebyshev filter of design filters having 6 GHz cut frequency and having 46,34 dB at 6,6 GHz. The insertion loss is -3,66 dB at 6 GHz. AWR Sonnet is used for the simulation and analysis of this filters.

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Bano, Najbeen, Reena Pal, Er Deepika Verma, and Dr Shiksha Jain. "Literature Review of Low Pass Filters Based on CMOS for Biomedical Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 4607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51294.

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Abstract: A survey of low pass filters with good linearity, low weight, and low power consumption has been done in this study .we examine the numerous low pass filter types ,their uses and design factors in this survey. we start by looking at low pass filters fundamental concepts and characteristics of their frequency response. in this study ,many low pass filter types and associated technologies are discussed. Low pass filter with low noise ,low power requirements, and low weight have been shown to be an implementing RKTG pairs in low pass filter circuits by varying the aspect ration of MOSFETs manufactured at 45nm,90nm,and 180nm technologies. this survey is valuable resource for engineers and scientists study in signal processing and communication systems since it offers a through review of low pass filters and their uses

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Sayed, Inayatullah S., and Siti S. Ismail. "Comparison of Low-Pass Filters for SPECT Imaging." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9239753.

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In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, the choice of a suitable filter and its parameters for noise reduction purposes is a big challenge. Adverse effects on image quality arise if an improper filter is selected. Filtered back projection (FBP) is the most popular technique for image reconstruction in SPECT. With this technique, different types of reconstruction filters are used, such as the Butterworth and the Hamming. In this study, the effects on the quality of reconstructed images of the Butterworth filter were compared with the ones of the Hamming filter. A Philips ADAC forte gamma camera was used. A low-energy, high-resolution collimator was installed on the gamma camera. SPECT data were acquired by scanning a phantom with an insert composed of hot and cold regions. A Technetium-99m radioactive solution was homogenously mixed into the phantom. Furthermore, a symmetrical energy window (20%) centered at 140 keV was adjusted. Images were reconstructed by the FBP method. Various cutoff frequency values, namely, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50 cycles/cm, were selected for both filters, whereas for the Butterworth filter, the order was set at 7. Images of hot and cold regions were analyzed in terms of detectability, contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The findings of our study indicate that the Butterworth filter was able to expose more hot and cold regions in reconstructed images. In addition, higher contrast values were recorded, as compared to the Hamming filter. However, with the Butterworth filter, the decrease in SNR for both types of regions with the increase in cutoff frequency as compared to the Hamming filter was obtained. Overall, the Butterworth filter under investigation provided superior results than the Hamming filter. Effects of both filters on the quality of hot and cold region images varied with the change in cutoff frequency.

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HATHAT, AHMED. "Design of Microstrip Low-pass and Band-pass Filters using Artificial Neural Networks." Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v6i3.134.

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Usually the design of microstrip filters is done using simulators and classical approximation methods as Butterworth and Chebyshev, these techniques takes a lot of time to run for designing filters. In this paper we develop a faster artificial neural network model for designing a microstrip low-pass and band-pass filters for all rang of operating frequency , when the input are the dimensions of filter, operating frequency, the features of substrate, and the output are the transmission and reflection coefficients. The database uses for training this model is generated by a linear simulator based on circuits model. Two filters designed by the developed model are a stepped impedance low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1 GHz and a parallel coupled-line band-pass filter with fractional bandwidth of 25 % and a central frequency of 2.45 GHz. The results of simulation are compared with desired results and the effectiveness of this method has been proven.

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Liao, Yi Cheng, Hong Bo Zhao, Yi Jie Liu, and Qi Yu. "The Design of Active Low Pass Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.419.

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This paper is for the filter users. It introduces a simple method to design Butterworth active low pass filter. By means of calculating, simulating, making a material object and debugging, it verifies the feasibility of the method. Combining design with practice, it shows the merit and demerit, which is of great significance for the design and manufacture of filters.

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Sengar, Kanchan, and Arun Kumar. "Fractional Order Capacitor in First-Order and Second-Order Filter." Micro and Nanosystems 12, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876402911666190821100400.

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Background: Fractional order Butterworth and Chebyshev (low-pass filter circuits, highpass filter circuits and band-pass filters circuits) types of first and second order filter circuits have been simulated and their transfer function are derived. The effect of change of the fractional order α on the behavior of the circuits is investigated. Objective: This paper presents the use of fractional order capacitor in active filters. The expressions for the magnitude, phase, the quality factor, the right-phase frequencies, and the half power frequencies are derived and compared with their previous counterpart. Methods: The circuits have been simulated using Orcad as well as MATLAB for the different value of α. We have developed the fractional gain and phase equations for low pass filter circuits, high pass filter circuits and band pass filter circuits in Sallen-Key topology. Results: It is observed that the bandwidth increases significantly with fractional order other than unity for the low pass as well as high pass and band pass filters. Conclusion: We have also seen that in the frequency domain, the magnitude and phase plots in the stop band change nearly linearly with the fractional order. If we compare the fractional Butterworth filters for low-pass and high-pass type with conventional filters then we find that the roll-off rate is equal to the next higher order filter.

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Zoelzer, Udo. "Low-complexity equalizers and applications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018059.

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Equalizers for audio signal processing play an important role in microphones, mixing systems, mastering processors, monitor loudspeakers, and consumer devices such as smart tablets, smart phones, wireless headphones, and hearing devices. We will introduce low-complexity filter designs for equalizers based on first- and second order recursive filters. Low-complexity filter design means having the lowest number of parameters and design equations for first- and second-order difference equation realizing prescribed filter transfer functions such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and all-pass filters. Based on these basic filters, we derive all-pass realizations of these standard filters and then apply them to design parametric low- and high-frequency shelving filters and peak filters. These last two versions of weighting filters are based on three parameters, namely, the cut-off or center frequency, the bandwidth or Q factor, and the gain in dB for a low-, mid-, or high frequency band and are, therefore, named parametric equalizers. These parametric equalizers' PEQs occur in a channel-strip of a mixing console and are an integral part of the mixing process. We will describe several further applications of PEQs for amp and loudspeaker modeling, headphone equalization and head-related transfer function modeling, and audio coding. All applications allow a low-complexity filter design, parameter update, and efficient recursive filter implementations with much lower complexity compared to non-recursive filters.

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Patil, Rajesh. "Noise Reduction using Low Pass Filter and Wavelet Transform." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/august2014/35.

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Joaquim, Marcelo Basilio. "Design of Low-Pass Active Filters Using Matlab." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 35, no. 3 (July 1998): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099803500309.

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In this paper a program developed in MATLAB programming language to aid in the design of all-pole active filters using operational amplifiers is presented. The filter structure chosen was the Sallen-Key that furnishes a filter with low sensitivity to element tolerances and it is easy to implement in hardware.

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Chen, Weidong. "The Regularized Low Pass Filter." Journal of Signal and Information Processing 05, no. 01 (2014): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsip.2014.51003.

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Gao, Hong, Jiasen Zhang, Shin Yoshikado, and Tadashi Aruga. "Photorefractive low-pass temporal filter." Optics Communications 203, no. 3-6 (March 2002): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01115-x.

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Fujisawa, Katsuya, Masao Uetsuki, and Yasuaki Nishida. "Grating Optical Low-Pass Filter." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 35, Part 1, No. 3 (March 15, 1996): 1768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.35.1768.

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13

Swady, Hisham. "Generalized Chebyshev-like Approximation for Low-pass Filter." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.7.1.2.

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Analog filters constitute indispensible component of analog circuits and still playing an important part in interface with analog real world. realizing filters with odd order is preferred because of its time response . Therefore, this paper is conducted to introduce a new generalized Chebyshev – like approximation for analog filters. The analyses presented to realize the filters with odd order. This proposed novel approach offer good results in terms of flat delay and time domain response. Also, the achieved results are validated by comparison to normal Chebyshev filter via investigation several examples.

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Mei, Aodong. "The Design and Simulation of a Fifth-order Chebyshev Low-Pass Filter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2386, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2386/1/012066.

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Abstract Chebyshev filter is a design classification of filters. It uses the Chebyshev transfer function, and has many filter types, such as high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, high-resistance, band-stop and so on. Compared with the Butterworth filter, the transition band of the Chebyshev filter is very narrow, but the internal amplitude-frequency characteristics are unstable [1][2]. Chebyshev filter achieves complex transmission zeros to improve the group delay characteristics in the pass band and reduce the signal distortion. In the process of designing a five-order Chebyshev filter, an active filter network needs to be established, and each stage of the low-pass filter composed of an amplifier is connected in the same cascade to form a multi-order Chebyshev low-pass filter. To design a Chebyshev filter, a Sallen-key structure is needed, and the transfer function is determined according to the position and size of the different resistors and capacitors placed, and a Chebyshev filter with different functions is constructed. The Multisim Simulation software is used to simulate the design results, and the frequency response amplitude curve in the image is found to be fluctuating with equal ripple in the pass or stop band.

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Zinovyev, A. G., and I. A. Shestakov. "CONFIGURABLE HARMONIC FILTERS FOR SHORT-WAVE TRANSMITTERS." RADIO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, no. 47 (November 23, 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33286/2075-8693-2020-47-87-97.

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Harmonic filters of short-wave transmitters, tunable in the frequency range using discrete variable capacitors, are presented. A comparison of a harmonic filter based on tunable LC low-pass filters with inductive coupling between the filter inductors is carried out with a similar harmonic filter, each LC low-pass filter of which con-tains an additional capacitive coupling capacitor connected between the two filter links and significantly changed the parameters of the harmonic filter.

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Savinykh, I. S., and D. A. Chemasov. "Computing efficiency of the three-stage interpolated low pass filters." Radio industry 28, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2018-28-4-21-27.

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Undoubted advantages of finite impulse response filters are their unconditional stability, the absence of limit cycles and the possibility of implementing a filter that does not introduce phase distortion. The disadvantage of such filters is the large cost required to compute the response. This paper considers three-stage interpolated finite impulse response low-pass filters. The maximum values of the interpolation factors are determined. Dependences of the coefficient of computational efficiency and the coefficient of increase in the registers of the three-stage interpolated low-pass filter on the values of the interpolation factors, the widths of the passband and the transition band are obtained. Relations for determining the optimal values of interpolation factors corresponding to the maximal value of computational efficiency coefficient are obtained. In addition, the dependencies of the maximum coefficient of computational efficiency and the optimal coefficient of increase in the registers of the three-stage interpolated low-pass filter on the widths of the passband and the transition band at the optimum values of the interpolation factors are obtained. Considered three-stage interpolated low-pass filters should be used in the case when the required stopband is significantly less than the sampling rate. In this case, three- stage interpolated filters require less computational resources for calculating the response than the two-stage interpolated filters or filter implemented by the transversal structure.

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Santhanaraj, M., Rishikesh S. S, and Subramanian A. N. Vijai Sooriya Su. "Higher Order Low Pass FIR Filter Design using IPSO Algorithm." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22899.

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Chen, Hua-Pin, Shih-Jun Chen, and Chih-Yang Chang. "Synthesis of High-Input Impedance Electronically Tunable Voltage-Mode Second-Order Low-Pass, Band-Pass, and High-Pass Filters Based on LT1228 Integrated Circuits." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 9379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239379.

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This paper introduces two new high-input impedance electronically tunable voltage-mode (VM) multifunction second-order architectures with band-pass (BP), low-pass (LP), and high-pass (HP) filters. Both proposed architectures have one input and five outputs, implemented employing three commercial LT1228 integrated circuits (ICs), two grounded capacitors, and five resistors. Both proposed architectures also feature one high-impedance input port and three low-impedance output ports for easy connection to other VM configurations without the need for VM buffers. The two proposed VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters simultaneously provide BP, LP, and HP filter transfer functions at Vo1, Vo2, and Vo3 output terminals. The pole angular frequencies and the quality factors of the two proposed VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters can be electronically and orthogonally adjusted by the bias currents from their corresponding commercial LT1228 ICs, and can be independently adjusted in special cases. In addition, both proposed VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters have two independent gain-controlled BP and LP filter transfer functions at Vo4 and Vo5 output terminals, respectively. Based on the three commercial LT1228 ICs and several passive components, simulations and experimental measurements are provided to verify the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the performance of the two proposed high-input impedance electronically tunable VM LT1228-based second-order multifunction filters. The measured input 1-dB power gain compression point (P1dB), third-order IMD (IMD3), third-order intercept (TOI) point, and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the first proposed filter were −7.1 dBm, −48.84 dBc, 4.133 dBm, and 45.02 dBc, respectively. The measured input P1dB, IMD3, TOI, and SFDR of the second proposed filter were −7 dBm, −49.65 dBc, 4.316 dBm, and 45.88 dBc, respectively. Both proposed filters use a topology synthesis method based on the VM second-order non-inverting/inverting HP filter transfer functions to generate the BP, LP and HP filter transfer functions simultaneously, making them suitable for applications in three-way crossover networks.

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Kumar, Praveen, Neeta Pandey, and Sajal K. Paul. "Realization of Resistorless and Electronically Tunable Inverse Filters Using VDTA." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 09 (August 2019): 1950143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619501433.

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This paper presents resistorless realization of inverse filters using voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA). First, four topologies are proposed which provide inverse low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject responses. Subsequently, a unified inverse filter is also derived by incorporating two switches in the combination of proposed inverse low-pass and inverse band-pass topologies. This topology is capable of providing inverse low-pass, inverse high-pass, inverse band-pass, and inverse band-reject responses by appropriate switch settings. The proposed inverse filter structures are electronically tunable and use only grounded capacitors. The behavior of the proposed filters is also investigated for nonidealities. To verify the functionality of the proposed inverse filter circuits, SPICE simulation is carried out using 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS technology parameters from TSMC. The effect of deviation in the active and passive component values on angular frequency is tested through Monte Carlo simulation.

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Pagkalos, Konstantinos P., Orfeas Panetas-Felouris, and Spyridon Vlassis. "A Time-Mode PWM 1st Order Low-Pass Filter." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 13, no. 2 (May 6, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea13020032.

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In this work, a first-order low-pass filter is proposed as suitable for time-mode PWM signal processing. In time-mode PWM signal processing, the pulse width of a rectangular pulse is the processing variable. The filter is constructed using basic time-mode building blocks such as time registers and time adders and so it is characterized by low complexity which can lead to the modular and versatile design of higher-order filters. All the building blocks of the filter were designed and verified in a TSMC 65 nm technology process. The sampling frequency was 5 MHz, the gain of the filter at low frequencies was at −0.016 dB, the cut-off frequency was 1.2323 MHz, and the power consumption was around 59.1 μW.

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Beg, Parveen. "Tunable First-Order Resistorless All-Pass Filter with Low Output Impedance." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/219453.

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This paper presents a voltage mode cascadable single active element tunable first-order all-pass filter with a single passive component. The active element used to realise the filter is a new building block termed as differential difference dual-X current conveyor with a buffered output (DD-DXCCII). The filter is thus realized with the help of a DD-DXCCII, a capacitor, and a MOS transistor. By exploiting the low output impedance, a higher order filter is also realized. Nonideal and parasitic study is also carried out on the realised filters. The proposed DD-DXCCII filters are simulated using TSMC the 0.25 µm technology.

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Murphy, Stephen D., and D. Gordon E. Robertson. "Construction of a High-Pass Digital Filter from a Low-Pass Digital Filter." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, no. 4 (November 1994): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.4.374.

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To remove low-frequency noise from data such as DC-bias from electromyo-grams (EMGs) or drift from force transducers, a high-pass filter was constructed from a low-pass filter of known characteristics. A summary of the necessary steps required to transform the low-pass digital were developed. Contaminated EMG and force platform data were used to test the filter. The high-pass filter successfully removed the low-frequency noise from the EMG signals. The high-pass filter was then cascaded with the low-pass filter to produce a band-pass filter to enable simultaneous high- and low-frequency noise reduction.

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Shaikh, Muhammad Zakir, Khakoo Mal, Dillep Kumar, Ehsan Ali, Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry, and Enrique Nava Baro. "Simulation and analysis of ideal low pass filter response using MATLAB." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, no. 3 (July 21, 2023): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2303.12.

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Filters are the crucial element of many modern electronic systems used in control engineering, wireless communication systems, and embedded systems designs. Filters in one form or another, are considered an important subsystem in developing communication systems. The ideal filter cannot be designed through any electronic circuit and the only way is to realize using simulations tools like MATLAB. In this paper, the simulation and analysis of the ideal low pass filter is presented. The MATLAB software is used to generate and perform analysis of the step response of ideal low-pass filter (Si function) and impulse response of ideal low-pass filter (Sinc function) in time and frequency domains. The aim of the work is to provide engineering students an easier understanding of the filter design process in an appropriate way with the help of simple programming. Where, it is easy to generate signals and analyze the ideal low pass filter response. To verify achievement of learning objectives, a survey is conducted from 45 engineering students of electronic and telecommunication which elicited students’ observations and interest in the learning process. Overall about 75% of students gave positive feedback, which indicates that such type of experimentation had a significant impact on the student academic outcomes.

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Zheng, Qiang, and Cheng Ma. "The Design of Lock-in Amplifier Based on DSP Builder." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.733.

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Lock-in amplifier is widely used to detect weak signals from significant background noise. In this paper, an FPGA-based Lock-in amplifier is implemented on the DSP Builder platform to measure impedance between biological cells and electrodes. To improve the measuring accuracy, a narrow band low pass filter with low cut off frequency was implemented. This low pass filter consists of a five-stage cascaded integrator-comb filter, two half band filters and a FIR low pass filter. Simulation shows that with a system clock of 10MHz, the cut off frequency of the low pass filter is lower than 20Hz. Experiments demonstrate that the implemented lock-in amplifier is able to detect weak signal with strong noise, making it an attractive approach to implement lock-in amplifiers which is more flexible and can meet the needs for specified measurements.

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Li, Qi Rui, Ming Ming Jiang, Bing Luo, Xiao Ping Hu, and Kang Hua Tang. "Design of Fast Second-Order IIR Low-Pass Filter Based on Parameter Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4382.

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Second-order IIR low-pass filter is widely used in digital signal processing. A fast filter algorithm without multiplication is proposed for it in this paper. A configuration method for the filter coefficient of fast algorithm is put forward, considering the characteristic of second-order IIR low-pass filter coefficient and the filter’s mathematical model. A performance analysis of fast second-order IIR low-pass filter without multiplication is shown in the paper, and the performance of the fast filter is shown by example using MATLAB simulation. What’s more, the algorithm’s rapidity is verified by an implementation of the filter on FPGA, which turns out that fast filtering algorithm takes only 54.7% of common algorithm’s operation time to realize the same filer function.

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Milic, Ljiljana, and Tapio Saramaki. "Power-complementary IIR filter pairs with an adjustable crossover frequency." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 16, no. 3 (2003): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0303295m.

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This paper introduces two classes of power-complementary recursive low-pass/high-pass filter pairs with an adjustable crossover frequency in such a way that the stopband attenuation of both filters remains the same. For each class, the filter pair is constructed using two all-pass sub-filters as building blocks. Based on the properties elliptic minimal Q-factors transfer functions, simple expressions are derived for evaluating the coefficients in all-pass sections in order to achieve the desired crossover frequency. The design procedures are developed for synthesizing power-complementary filter pairs implemented as a parallel connection of two all-pass sub-filters and for the tapped cascaded interconnections of two identical all-pass sub-filters. The direct parallel connection has both the power-complementary and all-pass complementary property. The second class of filters constructed using several identical copies of the two all-pass filters possesses the power-complementary property.

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SOZEN, HASAN, and UGUR CAM. "FIRST-ORDER MEMRISTOR–CAPACITOR FILTER CIRCUITS EMPLOYING HP MEMRISTOR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 08 (June 18, 2014): 1450116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614501163.

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The memristor has drawn the worldwide attention since it has been discovered at HP laboratory on 1 May 2008. Since then many researchers are taking efforts to find its applications in various areas. In this paper, we study the filter characteristics of first-order low pass and high pass filters employing memristor with a capacitor. The paper provides a comparative analysis between low pass and high pass filter circuits that utilizing ordinary resistor or memristor with a capacitor. The theoretical analyzes are verified with SPICE simulation results using a memristor SPICE model with nonlinear dopant drift and MATLAB environment. The effect of change of the input frequency and initial resistance value of memristor on the cut-off frequencies of the presented low pass and high pass filters are investigated. The memory effect of memristor is represented by simulation results.

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Sahu, Sudhakar, Rabindra Kishore Mishra, and Dipak Ranjan Poddar. "Compact Metamaterial Microstrip Low-Pass Filter." Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 03, no. 10 (2011): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2011.310063.

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Wiora, Józef. "Least Lp-norm low-pass filter." Automatica 133 (November 2021): 109854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109854.

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Rodriguez-Villegas, Esther, Alexander J. Casson, and Phil Corbishley. "A Subhertz Nanopower Low-Pass Filter." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 58, no. 6 (June 2011): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158165.

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Wang, Xing-Jun, and Ling-Feng Shi. "NOVEL COPLANAR EBG LOW PASS FILTER." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 48 (2014): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl14040903.

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Kreymerman, Grigoriy. "Adjustable active optical low-pass filter." Applied Optics 51, no. 2 (January 9, 2012): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.51.000268.

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Li, Luping, Lijuan Dong, Peng Chen, and Kai Yang. "A low insertion loss low-pass filter based on single comb-shaped spoof surface plasmon polaritons." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 08 (May 28, 2019): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000564.

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AbstractThis paper presents a low insertion loss low-pass filter based on the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) with single comb-shape. Compared with traditional ones, the proposed filter provides lower insertion loss and return loss by optimizing the structural parameters of the mode conversion and SSPP parts. According to the measurement results, the average insertion loss of the fabricated filter is 0.41 dB and the return loss of which at the near-zero-hertz band is <−25.9 dB. The S parameter comparison result between the unoptimized and optimized filters demonstrates that the optimized filter provides lower insertion loss and return loss, smaller size, and better out-of-band rejection. The dispersion comparison result reveals the reasons behind the improved performances. The better performances of the optimized filter proves that breaking the regularity of traditional SSPP filters is beneficial to the filter's performances.

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Kumar Singh, Prashant, Anjini Kumar Tiwary, and Nisha Gupta. "Ultra-compact switchable microstrip band-pass filter-low-pass filter with improved characteristics." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.30262.

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Kumngern, Montree, Fabian Khateb, Tomasz Kulej, and Pavel Steffan. "0.3-V Voltage-Mode Versatile First-Order Analog Filter Using Multiple-Input DDTAs." Sensors 23, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 5945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135945.

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This paper presents a versatile first-order analog filter using differential difference transconductance amplifiers (DDTAs). The DDTA employs the bulk-driven (BD) multiple-input MOS transistors technique (MI-MOST) operating in the subthreshold region. This results in low-voltage and low-power operational capability. Therefore, the DDTA, designed using 130 nm CMOS technology from UMC in the Cadence environment, operates with 0.3 V and consumes 357.4 nW. Unlike previous works, the proposed versatile first-order analog filter provides first-order transfer functions of low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filters within a single topology. The non-inverting, inverting, and voltage gain of the transfer functions are available for all filters. Furthermore, the proposed structure provides high-input and low-output impedance, which is required for voltage-mode circuits. The pole frequency and voltage gain of the filters can be electronically controlled. The total harmonic distortion of the low-pass filter was calculated as −39.97 dB with an applied sine wave input signal of 50 mVpp@ 50 Hz. The proposed filter has been used to realize a quadrature oscillator to confirm the advantages of the new structure.

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Tran, Minh Tri, Nene Kushita, Anna Kuwana, and Haruo Kobayashi. "Pass-Band Gain Improvement Technique for Passive RC Polyphase Filter in Bluetooth Low-IF Receiver Using Two RC Band-Stop Filters." Advanced Engineering Forum 38 (November 2020): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.38.192.

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This paper proposes a method to design a flat pass-band gain with two RC band-stop filters for a 4-stage passive RC polyphase filter in a Bluetooth receiver. Based on the superposition principle, the transfer function of the poplyphase filter is derived. However, the pass-band gain of this filter is not flat on the positive frequency domain. There are two local maximum values when the input signals are the wanted signals. Therefore, two RC band-stop filters are used to improve the pass-band gain of these local maximum values. As a result, a flat pass-band gain passive RC poly-phase filter is designed for a Bluetooth low-IF receiver which image rejection ratio is-36dB, and ripple gain is 0.47dB.

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Li, Bao Ping, and Yan Liang Zhang. "Novel Low-Pass Microwave Filter Based on Rectangular Ring DGS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.371.

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Due to the frequency response periodicity of distributed transmission line, microstrip band-pass filter usually produces parasitic pass-band and outputs harmonics away from the center frequency of main pass-band. Based on the study of rectangular ring defected ground structure, a 5-order microstrip LPF(low-pass filter) was designed using the single-pole band-stop and slow-wave characteristics of the rectangular ring DGS(Defected Ground Structure) and SISS(Step-Impedance Shunt Stub) structure. Compared with traditional LPF, this LPF presents the advantages of compact size, low insertion loss, broad stop-band and high steep. It also validates the requirements of miniaturization and high performance for filters.

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Aparna, A., and T. Vigneswaran. "DESIGN OF HIGH PERFORMANCE MULTIPLIERLESS LINEAR PHASE FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE FILTERS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (April 1, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19564.

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This research work proposes the finite impulse response (FIR) filters design using distributed arithmetic architecture optimized for field programmable gate array. To implement computationally efficient, low power, high-speed FIR filter a two-dimensional fully pipelined structure is used. The FIR filter is dynamically reconfigured to realize low pass and high pass filter by changing the filter coefficients. The FIR filter is most fundamental components in digital signal processing for high-speed application. The aim of this research work is to design multiplier-less FIR filter for the requirements of low power and high speed various embedded applications.

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Murdika, Umi, and Yessi Mulyani. "Perancangan Dan Simulasi Filter IIR Menggunakan Graphical User Interface (GUI)." Electrician 11, no. 3 (January 26, 2018): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v11n3.2060.

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Intisari--- Pada makalah ini telah disajikan metode mensimulasikan filter IIR menggunakan GUI. Metode ini tidak hanya tergantung pada kode matlab, tetapi juga menampilkan control penggunaan yang dibangun berdasarkan GUI, sehingga semua operasi pemfilteran dapat diselesaikan oleh GUI. Makalah ini menggunakan metode Pole-zero placement, Impulse invariant, Matched z-transform , dan Bilinear z-transfor dalam merealisasikan filter IIR dan untuk sebagai contoh untuk merancang filter low-pass, high-pass and band-pass. Dari simulasi menunjukkan bahwa perancangan berdasrkan GUI ini sangatlah nyaman, cepat, dan fleksibelKata kunci--- GUI, IIR, Filter Digital, Simulasi Abstract--- A method to simulate the IIR filter based on GUI(Graphic User Interface) is introduced in this paper. This method not only depended on Matlab code, but also made use of controls which generate a GUI, All the operations have been done by GUI. This paper took Pole-zero placement, Impulse invariant, Matched z-transform method to realize IIR filter for example to design digital low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filters. The simulation results showthat the design based on GUI is convenient, fast, and flexible.Keywords--- GUI, IIR, Digital Filter, Simulation

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Kulej, Tomasz, Montree Kumngern, Fabian Khateb, and Daniel Arbet. "0.5 V Versatile Voltage- and Transconductance-Mode Analog Filter Using Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifier." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020688.

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In this work, a new versatile voltage- and transconductance-mode analog filter is proposed. The filter, without requiring resistors, employs three differential-difference transconductance amplifiers (DDTAs) and two grounded capacitors, which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation. Unlike previous works, the proposed filter topology provides: (1) high-input and low-output impedances for a voltage-mode (VM) analog filter, that is desirable in a cascade method of realizing higher order filters, and (2) high-input and high-output impedances for a transconductance-mode (TM) analog filter without any circuit modification. Moreover, a quadrature oscillator is obtained by simply adding a feedback connection. Both VM and TM filters provide five standard filtering responses such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass responses into single topology. The natural frequency and the condition of oscillation can be electronically controlled. The circuit operates with 0.5 V supply voltage. It was designed and simulated in the Cadence program using 0.18 µm CMOS technology from TSMC.

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Addina, Adella Acqha Vico. "Implementation of the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter on the DSK TMS320C6713 Transceiver Using Windowing Techniques." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v6i1.128.

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In this study, implementing the FIR filter with the Blackman window and Rectangular window methods with the types of low pass, highpass, and bandpass filters using 2 DSK TMS320C6713 boards as sender (Tx) and receiver (Rx) using the code composer studio (CCS) V software program. .3.1, which will then be displayed on Matlab to observe the output results. From the test results, data will be obtained which are then analyzed to determine the filter performance of the design results and the real implementation results using the DSK TMS320C6713. The results showed that the design of the low pass, high pass and bandpass filters was in accordance with the desired specifications, although in the highpass filter design, the filter results were still incomplete.

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Sharma, Pavan, Veerendra Jadaun, Devesh Mahor, and Atal Verma. "Designing Microstrip Low Pass Filter In ISM Band For Rectenna System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 1, no. 4 (August 26, 2012): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v1i4.287.

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The filter is required in all RF-communication techniques. Low Pass Filters play an important role in wireless power transmission systems. Transmitted and received signals have to be filtered at a certain frequency with a specific bandwidth. In this paper the design of filter is done in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band whose frequency lies between 1.55GHz- 3.99GHz. After getting the specifications required, we realized the filter structure with the help of CST-MW software.

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Parvizi, Mostafa, Abouzar Taghizadeh, Hamid Mahmoodian, and Ziaadin Daei Kozehkanani. "A Low-Power Mixed-Mode SIMO Universal Gm–C Filter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 10 (March 24, 2017): 1750164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661750164x.

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This paper describes a new single-input multiple-output (SIMO) mixed-mode universal biquad [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] filter. It can realize all kinds of filter responses including high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters, simultaneously. Moreover, in this structure, all of these filters in all states of voltage mode, current mode, transresistance mode and transconductance mode are achieved by the same topology without any convertor. The proposed filter employs three operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) with four inputs and one output, three fully differential OTAs and two grounded capacitors. In other words, this filter is composed of six [Formula: see text] blocks and two grounded capacitors. The grounded capacitors are suitable for integrated circuit implementation. In order to reduce the power consumption, the OTAs are biased in subthreshold region. In addition, sensitivity analysis is included to show the low active and passive sensitivity performances of the filter. This filter is designed and simulated in HSPICE with 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m model CMOS technology parameters. The simulation results show that the filter consumes only 75[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W and operates at 1.5[Formula: see text]MHz with [Formula: see text]0.5[Formula: see text]V supply voltages and capacitors [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]pF.

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Horváth, Dušan, Zuzana Červeňanská, and Janette Kotianová. "Digital Implementation of Butterworth First–Order Filter Type IIR." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 27, no. 45 (September 1, 2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2019-0030.

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Abstract The paper deals with the solution of the first–order passive filters (low–pass and high–pass) applying electrotechnical elements (resistor, capacitor - analogue filter) and digital Butterworth filter type IIR (Infinite Impulse Response). Procedure of the filters design and implementation is described, and the analogue and digital filter outputs with the same input signal are compared. The designed filters have already served for education purposes with the intention to bring an explanation of techniques for designing required functionality of the signal processing filters.

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Sharma, Priyanka, and Himali Sarangal. "Simulation and Analysis of Filters Using Different Photodiode and Wavelength in Free Space Optics." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2016.5.1.1760.

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Free space optics is a technology which uses beam of light to provide optical connection for transmitting and receiving purposes. For the increasing demand for high bandwidth in different network topology, FSO links has been a solution to the connectivity bottleneck problem. Transmitter consists of NRZ modulating CW laser with the link range 1 km in the wavelength 1310 nm or 1550 nm. When the signal is transmitted in the channel, the performance could be severely degrated due to atmospheric attenuation and earth inequalities. The purpose of this paper is to find a suitable filter for any of the two receivers i.e APD and PIN for the reduction of noise. Filters used are low pass Bessel filter, low pass butterworth filter, low pass Chebyshev filter.

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Childers, Vicki A., Robin E. Bell, and John M. Brozena. "Airborne gravimetry: An investigation of filtering." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 1 (January 1999): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444530.

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Low‐pass filtering in airborne gravimetry data processing plays a fundamental role in determining the spectral content and amplitude of the free‐air anomaly. Traditional filters used in airborne gravimetry, the 6 × 20-s resistor‐capacitor (RC) filter and the 300-s Gaussian filter, heavily attenuate the waveband of the gravity signal. As we strive to reduce the overall error budget to the sub-mGal level, an important step is to evaluate the choice and design of the low‐pass filter employed in airborne gravimetry to optimize gravity anomaly recovery and noise attenuation. This study evaluates low‐pass filtering options and presents a survey‐specific frequency domain filter that employs the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for airborne gravity data. This study recommends a new approach to low‐pass filtering airborne data. For a given survey, the filter is designed to maximize the target gravity signal based upon survey parameters and the character of measurement noise. This survey‐specific low‐pass filter approach is applied to two aerogravimetry surveys: one conducted in West Antarctica and the other in the eastern Pacific off the California coast. A reflight comparison with the West Antarctic survey shows that anomaly amplitudes are increased while slightly improving the rms fit between the reflown survey lines when an appropriately designed FFT filter is employed instead of the traditionally used filters. A comparison of the East Pacific survey with high‐resolution shipboard gravity data indicates anomaly amplitude improvements of up to 20 mGal and a 49% improvement of the rms fit from 3.99 mGal to 2.04 mGal with the appropriately designed FFT filter. These results demonstrate that substantial improvement in anomaly amplitude and wavelength can be attained by tailoring the filter to the survey.

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Liew, Hui Fang, Syed Idris Syed Hassan, Mohd Fareq bin Abd Malek, Yufridin Wahab, Melaty Amirruddin, Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah, Muhammad Irwanto Misrun, Gomesh Nair Shasidharan, Mohd Irwan Yusoff, and Nurhakimah Mohd Mukhtar. "Design of Compact Composite Microstrip Low Pass Filter Using MEMS Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.581.

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This paper presents the design technique of a compact composite microstrip filter operating at ultra high frequency (UHF) band and its fabrication using micro-electro mechanical system MEMS technology. The fringing compensation method is applied into the design of the microstrip line transformation from lumped element. The filter lumped circuits and microstrip line circuit were designed and simulated using Advanced Design Software (ADS) and fabricated on silicon substrates to obtain the best filter characteristic based on S-parameter. The measured and simulated results have achieved a good agreement within the frequency of interest. This shows that the fringing compensation method of transforming lumped element into microstrip line is able to solve the conventional design of complexity size of circuit of composite low pass filter (LPF) into microstrip line. The proposed filter design can replace the conventional filters in wireless communication as they offer better performance at lower cost in the RF microwave communication applications.

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Prasad, Dinesh, Mayank Srivastava, and D. R. Bhaskar. "Transadmittance Type Universal Current-Mode Biquad Filter Using VDTAs." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 19, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/762845.

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A new resistorless single-input-multi-output (SIMO) universal transadmittance (TA) type filter employing two voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTA) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The proposed topology realizes simultaneously low pass (LP), high pass (HP), and band pass (BP) filter functions. Band rejects (BR) and all pass (AP) filters are also realizable through appropriate connections of currents. The proposed configuration also offers independent control of natural angular frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) and low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated through PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

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Baranowski, Jerzy, and Paweł Piątek. "Fractional Band-Pass Filters: Design, Implementation and Application to EEG Signal Processing." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 11 (March 21, 2017): 1750170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501705.

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Fractional band-pass filters are a promising area in the signal processing. They are especially attractive as a method for processing of biomedical signals, such as EEG, where large signal distortion is undesired. We present two structures of fractional band-pass filters: one as an analog of classical second-order filter, and one arising from parallel connection of two fractional low-pass filters. We discuss a method for filter implementation — Laguerre Impulse Response Approximation (LIRA) — along with sufficient conditions for when the filter can be realized with it. We then discuss methods of filter tuning, in particular we present some analytical results along with optimization algorithm for numerical tuning. Filters are implemented and tested with EEG signals. We discuss the results highlighting the possible limitations and potential for development.

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Abderrahim, Lanani, Meghriche Salama, and Djouambi Abdelbaki. "Novel design of a fractional wavelet and its application to image denoising." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1548.

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This paper proposes a new wavelet family based on fractional calculus. The Haar wavelet is extended to fractional order by a generalization of the associated conventional low-pass filter using the fractional delay operator Z-D. The high-pass fractional filter is then designed by a simple modulation of the low-pass filter. In contrast, the scaling and wavelet functions are constructed using the cascade Daubechies algorithm. The regularity and orthogonality of the obtained wavelet basis are ensured by a good choice of the fractional filter coefficients. An application example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Thanks to the flexibility of the fractional filters, the proposed approach provides better performance in term of image denoising.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-pass Filter'

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