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1

Savitha, A. C., Kumar KM Madhu, S. Manish, et al. "A Survey on Low Power Wide Area Networks Technologies." Journal of Scholastic Engineering Science and Management (JSESM), A Peer Reviewed Universities Refereed Multidisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 5 (2025): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15393979.

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Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT), LPWA technologies complement and sometimes supersede the conventional cellular and short range wireless technologies in performance for various emerging smart city and machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. This review paper presents the design goals and the techniques, which differ ent LPWAtechnologies exploit to offer wide-area
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Raza, Usman, Parag Kulkarni, and Mahesh Sooriyabandara. "Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19, no. 2 (2017): 855–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2017.2652320.

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Sheng-Tao Chen, Sheng-Tao Chen, Chien-Wu Lan Sheng-Tao Chen, Shih-Sung Lin Chien-Wu Lan, and 廖家德 Shih-Sung Lin. "An Evaluation of Self-Built Low-Power Wide-Area Network Based on LoRa." 電腦學刊 33, no. 5 (2022): 073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992022103305007.

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<p>With the rapid development of applications in Internet of Things (IoT). Low power consumption and wide area is one of the solutions for the development of information transmission. Therefore, Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technology had led to extensive applications and discussions. The Long Range (LoRa) has the characteristics of self-built network and programmable control of communication parameters besides the above features of LPWAN technologies. The LoRa has more flexible application capabilities compared with the LPWAN technology that requires infrastructure provided by In
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4

Saifullah, Abusayeed, Mahbubur Rahman, Dali Ismail, Chenyang Lu, Jie Liu, and Ranveer Chandra. "Low-Power Wide-Area Network Over White Spaces." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 26, no. 4 (2018): 1893–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2018.2856197.

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5

Qin, Zhijin, Frank Y. Li, Geoffrey Ye Li, Julie A. McCann, and Qiang Ni. "Low-Power Wide-Area Networks for Sustainable IoT." IEEE Wireless Communications 26, no. 3 (2019): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2018.1800264.

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Thubert, Pascal, Alexander Pelov, and Suresh Krishnan. "Low-Power Wide-Area Networks at the IETF." IEEE Communications Standards Magazine 1, no. 1 (2017): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcomstd.2017.1600002st.

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7

Jalaly Bidgoly, Amir, and Abbas Dehghani. "Key Resynchronizing in Low Power Wide Area Networks." Signal and Data Processing 18, no. 1 (2021): 118–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jsdp.18.1.118.

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8

Steiger, Olivier (Autor/in), and Simon (Autor/in) Prior. "Low Power Wide Area Networks für das Gebäude." Haustech, no. 12 (January 1, 2016): 38–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.997376.

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Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) sind Netzwerke, die vom Stromnetz unabhängig drahtlos Sensoren im Internet der Dinge vernetzen. Sie eröffnen auch im und um das Gebäude zahlreiche neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten, da sie in vielen Fällen die Erfassung von Zuständen vereinfachen.
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Takei, Ken. "Low Power Wide Area-network Rotating Polarization Wave Radio." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 142, no. 8 (2022): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.142.819.

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10

Gu, Fei, Jianwei Niu, Landu Jiang, Xue Liu, and Mohammed Atiquzzaman. "Survey of the low power wide area network technologies." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 149 (January 2020): 102459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102459.

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11

Georgiou, Orestis, and Usman Raza. "Low Power Wide Area Network Analysis: Can LoRa Scale?" IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 6, no. 2 (2017): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2647247.

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12

Alsaqhan, Muteb, Abdulah Aljohani, and Maazen Alsabaan. "Reliable Low Power Wide Area Networks-Aided Polar Code." Traitement du Signal 42, no. 3 (2025): 1265–77. https://doi.org/10.18280/ts.420305.

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13

Sun, Jian, Hao Wu, Zhiyuan Huang, Binbin Bei, Songqian Cao, and Chenghong Fan. "Development of Low-Power Wide-Area Communication Gateway for Power Data Transmission." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (2021): 022059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022059.

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Abstract With the rapid development and maturity of communication technology, integrated computer technology and sensor technology, small sensors with sensing, computing and communication capabilities have begun to appear all over the world. The sensor network composed of these small sensors has received a lot of attention. This paper studies the low-power wide-area communication gateway for power data transmission. Based on the analysis of the energy consumption strategy of the power data transmission process, the low-power wide-area communication gateway for power data transmission is develo
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14

Pitu, Floarea, and Nicoleta Cristina Gaitan. "Implementing a Wide-Area Network and Low Power Solution Using Long-Range Wide-Area Network Technology." Technologies 13, no. 1 (2025): 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13010036.

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In recent decades, technology has undergone significant transformations, aimed at optimizing and enhancing the quality of human life. A prime example of this progress is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Today, the IoT is widely applied across diverse sectors, including logistics, communications, agriculture, education, and infrastructure, demonstrating its versatility and profound relevance in various domains. Agriculture has historically been a fundamental sector for meeting humanity’s basic needs, and it is indispensable for survival and development. A critical factor in this regard
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Arsalan Jawed, Syed, Waqar Ahmed Qureshi, Atia Shafique, Junaid Ali Qureshi, Abdul Hameed, and Moaaz Ahmed. "Low-power area-efficient wide-range robust CMOS temperature sensors." Microelectronics Journal 44, no. 2 (2013): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2012.10.002.

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16

Moons, Bart, Abdulkadir Karaagac, Eli De Poorter, and Jeroen Hoebeke. "Efficient Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Low-Power Wide-Area Networks." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, no. 3 (2020): 1960–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2961950.

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17

Jiang, Xiaofan, Heng Zhang, Edgardo Alberto Barsallo Yi, et al. "Hybrid Low-Power Wide-Area Mesh Network for IoT Applications." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 901–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2020.3009228.

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18

Yu, Zhongyang, Baoming Bai, and Min Zhu. "An Efficient Frame Optimization Scheme for Low Power Wide Area Networks." IEEE Communications Letters 25, no. 5 (2021): 1615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3057168.

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19

Masoudi, Meysam, Amin Azari, and Cicek Cavdar. "Low Power Wide Area IoT Networks: Reliability Analysis in Coexisting Scenarios." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 10, no. 7 (2021): 1405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3068815.

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20

Kim, Byoungwook, and Kwang-il Hwang. "Cooperative Downlink Listening for Low-Power Long-Range Wide-Area Network." Sustainability 9, no. 4 (2017): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9040627.

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21

Janssen, Thomas, Maarten Weyn, and Rafael Berkvens. "Localization in Low Power Wide Area Networks Using Wi-Fi Fingerprints." Applied Sciences 7, no. 9 (2017): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app7090936.

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22

Kang, James, and Sasan Adibi. "Bushfire Disaster Monitoring System Using Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)." Technologies 5, no. 4 (2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies5040065.

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23

Lieske, Hendrik, Gerd Kilian, Marco Breiling, Sebastian Rauh, Joerg Robert, and Albert Heuberger. "Decoding Performance in Low-Power Wide Area Networks With Packet Collisions." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 15, no. 12 (2016): 8195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2613079.

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24

NISHIDA, Shinichi, Nobuaki NAKAZAWA, Mitsuharu TEZUKA, et al. "Solving Regional Issuess Using the Low-Power, Wide-Area Network LoRaWAN." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2024 (2024): 2A1—L04. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2024.2a1-l04.

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25

Bembe, Mncedisi, Adnan Abu-Mahfouz, Moshe Masonta, and Tembisa Ngqondi. "A survey on low-power wide area networks for IoT applications." Telecommunication Systems 71, no. 2 (2019): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-019-00557-9.

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26

Aihara, Naoki, Koichi Adachi, Osamu Takyu, Mai Ohta, and Takeo Fujii. "Generalized Interference Detection Scheme in Heterogeneous Low Power Wide Area Networks." IEEE Sensors Letters 4, no. 6 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsens.2020.2992723.

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27

Mahfoudi, Mohamed N., Gayatri Sivadoss, Othmane B. Korachi, Thierry Turletti, and Walid Dabbous. "Joint range extension and localization for low-power wide-area network." Internet Technology Letters 2, no. 5 (2019): e120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/itl2.120.

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28

Li, Mo, Jiliang Wang, Swarun Kumar, and Yuanqing Zheng. "Introduction to the Special Issue on Low Power Wide Area Networks." ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 18, no. 4 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3586058.

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29

Nurul Adilah, Imi Raihanasha Zaki, Idrus Salimi Ismail, Md Rabiul Awal, Nur Farizan Munajat, and Ahmad Hafiz Wahy. "Soil Monitoring for Agriculture Activity using Low Power Wide Area Network." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 33, no. 1 (2023): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.33.1.219230.

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The new Covid-19 pandemic is affecting many economic sectors, such as the agricultural industry. The farmers faced many challenging constraints during the pandemic due to the enforcement of the Movement Control Order (MCO), resulting the unproductive crops. This paper proposed smart agriculture adopted with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) technology to be one of the possible solutions for the problems. Early precautions will minimize unproductive crops by monitoring the soil for healthy crops by monitoring the moisture and the pH level of the soil in real
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30

Li, Bin, Yihao Xu, Ying Liu, and Zhiguo Shi. "LoRaWAPS: A Wide-Area Positioning System Based on LoRa Mesh." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (2023): 9501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179501.

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The positioning task of the Internet of Things (IoT) for outdoor environments requires that the node devices meet the requirements of low power consumption, long endurance, and low cost and that the positioning system can achieve high-precision positioning and wide-area coverage. Considering that traditional IoT positioning technology cannot balance the cost, energy consumption, and positioning performance well, a Wide-Area Positioning System Based on Long Range Mesh (LoRaWAPS), which is a low-cost and low-power outdoor positioning system with multi-anchor wireless mesh networking and multi-di
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31

Wang, Hao, Hong Sui, Jia Li, and Jian Yao. "Research of the application of the Low Power Wide Area Network in power grid." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 322 (March 2018): 072021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/322/7/072021.

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32

Danladi, Muhammad Sani, and Muhammet Baykara. "Low Power Wide Area Network Technologies: Open Problems, Challenges, and Potential Applications." Review of Computer Engineering Studies 9, no. 2 (2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rces.090205.

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Nowadays, the number of internet of things (IoT) connected devices continues to increase exponentially. However, the core underlying wireless network technologies that enable IoT devices to achieve such growth and wide applications face numerous challenging deployment requirements such as operating range, power consumption, and cost. Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies enable long-distance, low-power, and low data transmission at a low cost. These new wireless technologies shape the IoT ecosystem due to their wide applications. This study aims to review the various features and an
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33

Kim, Yi-Kang, and Seung-Yeon Kim. "Success Probability Characterization of Long-Range in Low-Power Wide Area Networks." Sensors 20, no. 23 (2020): 6861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236861.

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In low-power wide area networks (LPWAN), a considerable number of end devices (EDs) communicate with the gateway in a certain area, whereas for transmitted data, a low data rate and high latency are allowed. Long-range (LoRa), as one of the LPWAN technologies, considers pure ALOHA and chirp spread spectrum (CSS) in the media access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers such that it can improve the energy efficiency while mitigating inter-cell interference (ICI). This paper investigates the system throughput of LoRa networks under the assumption that the interferences between EDs for exclusiv
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34

Sheshalevich, Vladislav. "LPWAN – Low-power Wide-area Network. Communication for the Internet of Things." Bezopasnost informacionnyh tehnology 2017, no. 3 (2017): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/bit.2017.3.01.

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35

Muntoni, Giacomo, Giovanni Andrea Casula, Giorgio Montisci, Tonino Pisanu, Hendrik Rogier, and Andrea Michel. "An eighth-mode SIW antenna for Low-Power Wide-Area Network applications." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 35, no. 13 (2021): 1815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2021.1918264.

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36

Shin, Joonwoo. "Channel Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation Method for Low Power Wide Area Communication Systems." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 42, no. 10 (2017): 1863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2017.42.10.1863.

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37

Rahman, Mahbubur, and Abusayeed Saifullah. "Integrating Low-Power Wide-Area Networks for Enhanced Scalability and Extended Coverage." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 28, no. 1 (2020): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2020.2963886.

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38

Petroni, Andrea, Francesca Cuomo, Leonisio Schepis, Mauro Biagi, Marco Listanti, and Gaetano Scarano. "Adaptive Data Synchronization Algorithm for IoT-Oriented Low-Power Wide-Area Networks." Sensors 18, no. 11 (2018): 4053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18114053.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networ
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39

Zhang, Xihai, Yan Zhao, Lin Zhou, et al. "Transmission Tower Tilt Monitoring System Using Low-Power Wide-Area Network Technology." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 2 (2021): 1100–1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.3004817.

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40

Xiong, Xiong, Kan Zheng, Rongtao Xu, Wei Xiang, and Periklis Chatzimisios. "Low power wide area machine-to-machine networks: key techniques and prototype." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 9 (2015): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7263374.

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41

He, Zhe, You Li, Ling Pei, and Kyle O'Keefe. "Enhanced Gaussian Process-Based Localization Using a Low Power Wide Area Network." IEEE Communications Letters 23, no. 1 (2019): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2878704.

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42

Montejo-Sanchez, Samuel, Cesar A. Azurdia-Meza, Richard Demo Souza, Evelio Martin Garcia Fernandez, Ismael Soto, and Arliones Hoeller. "Coded Redundant Message Transmission Schemes for Low-Power Wide Area IoT Applications." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 8, no. 2 (2019): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2880959.

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43

Phong Truong, Tuyen, Hai Toan Le, and Tram Thi Nguyen. "A reconfigurable hardware platform for low-power wide-area wireless sensor networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1432 (January 2020): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012068.

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44

Kawamoto, Yuichi, Ryota Sasazawa, Bomin Mao, and Nei Kato. "Multilayer Virtual Cell-Based Resource Allocation in Low-Power Wide-Area Networks." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 6 (2019): 10665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2940600.

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45

Ruotsalainen, Henri, Junqing Zhang, and Stepan Grebeniuk. "Experimental Investigation on Wireless Key Generation for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 7, no. 3 (2020): 1745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2019.2946919.

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46

Ray, Papia. "Power system low frequency oscillation mode estimation using wide area measurement systems." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 20, no. 2 (2017): 598–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.11.019.

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47

Fadeyi, Johnson, and Markus Elisha. "Spectrum Optimization of Low Power Wide Area Network Utilization in Smart Cities." International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Computing Applications 2022 (December 31, 2022): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.59200/iconic.2022.028.

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The discovery of this great technology known as Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) has significantly altered the way we live in a positive way. It is a technology with low power and long range capabilities with impacts that cannot be overemphasized. The impacts range from making cities better with quality living, the environment with quality air and humidity, efficient waste disposal systems, smart metering systems, and traffic free road management to more efficient transportation. Our research focused on the optimization of the unlicensed spectrum occupied by LPWANs using cognitive radio a
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48

Harada, Mitsuru, Akihiro Yamagishi, Mamoru Ugajin, Mitsuo Nakamura, Kenji Suzuki, and Yuichi Kado. "Low-power Circuit Techniques for Wireless Terminals in Wide Area Ubiquitous Network." NTT Technical Review 6, no. 3 (2008): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.53829/ntr200803sp5.

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49

Jin, Jie, and LV Zhao. "Low Voltage Low Power Fully Integrated Chaos Generator." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 10 (2018): 1850155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618501554.

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A low voltage low power fully integrated chaos generator is presented in this paper. Comparing with the conventional off-the-shelf electronic components-based chaos generators, the designed circuit is fully integrated, and it achieves lower supply voltage, lower power dissipation and smaller chip area. The proposed fully integrated chaos generator is verified with GlobalFoundries 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS 1P6M RF process using Cadence IC Design Tools. The simulation results demonstrate that the fully integrated chaos generator consumes only 17[Formula: see text]mW from [
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50

CHANG, ROBERT C., LUNG-CHIH KUO, and HOU-MING CHEN. "A LOW-VOLTAGE LOW-POWER CMOS PHASE-LOCKED LOOP." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 05 (2005): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002738.

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A low-voltage low-power CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) is presented in this paper. It consists of a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage-control oscillator, and a frequency divider. A new phase frequency detector is proposed to reduce the dead zone and the mismatch effect of the charge pump circuit. A novel charge pump circuit with a small area and wide output range is described. The PLL circuit has been designed using the TSMC 0.35 μm 1P4M CMOS technology. The chip area is 1.08 mm × 1.01 mm. The post-layout simulation results show that the frequency of 900 MHz can b
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