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Journal articles on the topic 'Low pressure gas carburizing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wołowiec-Korecka, Emilia, Maciej Korecki, Michał Sut, Agnieszka Brewka, and Piotr Kula. "Calculation of the Mixture Flow in a Low-Pressure Carburizing Process." Metals 9, no. 4 (2019): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040439.

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The right selection of carburizing gas flow rates in the low-pressure carburization process is a key factor in terms of its efficiency. However, a correct calculation of the amount of carburizing gas required for uniform carburization of parts, taking into account the process temperature and batch size, is still problematic. For this reason, modern carburizing processes are carried out using an excessive belaying flow of carburizing gases. In this work steel parts (16MnCr5) were carburized in a variable-flow carburizing process (960 °C) individually matched to each segment of saturation. The e

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2

Jones, Trevor, Virginia Osterman, and Donald Jordan. "Copper Evaporation During Low Pressure Carburization." AM&P Technical Articles 176, no. 2 (2018): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2018-02.p063.

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Abstract Stringent pressure control and gas species type both play an important role in minimizing the evaporation rate of not only copper, but other elements susceptible to evaporation in vacuum systems. The article describes a study investigating the effect of temperature, pressure, and carrier gas species on the amount of copper evaporation that occurs from copper foil test samples in low pressure carburizing.

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Wang, Haojie, Jing Liu, Yong Tian, Zhaodong Wang, and Xiaoxue An. "Mathematical Modeling of Carbon Flux Parameters for Low-Pressure Vacuum Carburizing with Medium-High Alloy Steel." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111075.

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Low-pressure vacuum carburizing adopts a pulse process mode to improve the carburizing efficiency and reduces gas and energy consumption. Carbon flux is the key to accurately control the time of strong infiltration and diffusion in each pulse. In order to obtain the carbon fluxes with various materials under diffident carburizing process conditions, an evenly segmented carbon flux method is proposed. A systematic study with each model using different materials (12Cr2Ni4A, 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE, and 18Cr2Ni4WA represent different initial carbon concentrations and different alloy compositions), carburi

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4

Wołowiec-Korecka, Emilia. "Modeling methods for gas quenching, low-pressure carburizing and low-pressure nitriding." Engineering Structures 177 (December 2018): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.003.

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5

Wang, Huizhen, Yuewen Zhai, Leyu Zhou, Bo Liu, and Guojian Hao. "Study on the Process of Vacuum Low Pressure Carburizing and High Pressure Gas Quenching for Carburizing Steels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1624 (October 2020): 042076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1624/4/042076.

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Audrey, Reinaldo Evan, Putu Hadi Setyarini, Sugiarto Sugiarto, and Atfalus Sholikin. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION RATE OF LOW CARBON STEEL AISI 1020 RESULTING FROM LOW PRESSURE GAS CARBURIZING." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 6, no. 2 (2025): 220–35. https://doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2025.006.02.6.

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Within the realm of demanding marine operations, tugboat chain sprockets have a vital function in guiding and controlling giant ships. Marine conditions provide considerable obstacles for chain sprockets, which are commonly constructed from low-carbon steel for their cost-effectiveness and mechanical appropriateness. One such problem is corrosion, which can result in material failure. AISI 1020, a low-carbon steel containing around 0.2% carbon, provides exceptional toughness and resistance to corrosion, especially for applications in mining and oil platforms. The poor corrosion resistance of t

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7

Krupanek, Krzysztof, Jacek Sawicki, and Victoria Buzalski. "Numerical simulation of phase transformation during gas quenching after low pressure carburizing." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 743 (March 19, 2020): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/743/1/012047.

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8

Pauty, E., P. Bertoni, M. Dahlström, and M. Larsson. "Optimization of Low Pressure Carburizing and High Pressure Gas Quenching for Cr-alloyed PM parts." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 73, no. 2 (2018): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/105.110349.

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9

Iżowski, Bartosz, Artur Wojtyczka, and Maciej Motyka. "Numerical Simulation of Low-Pressure Carburizing and Gas Quenching for Pyrowear 53 Steel." Metals 13, no. 2 (2023): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020371.

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The hardness and phase composition are, among other things, the critical material properties considered in the quality control of aerospace gears made from Pyrowear 53 steel after high-pressure gas quenching. The low availability of data on and applications of such demandingstructures justify investigating the choice of the material and the need to improve its manufacturability. In this study, computational finite-element analyses of low-pressure carburizing followed by oil and gas quenching of Pyrowear 53 steel were undertaken, the objective of which was to examine the influence of the proces

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10

Sawicki, Jacek, Krzysztof Krupanek, Wojciech Stachurski, and Victoria Buzalski. "Algorithm Scheme to Simulate the Distortions during Gas Quenching in a Single-Piece Flow Technology." Coatings 10, no. 7 (2020): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070694.

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Low-pressure carburizing followed by high-pressure quenching in single-piece flow technology has shown good results in avoiding distortions. For better control of specimen quality in these processes, developing numerical simulations can be beneficial. However, there is no commercial software able to simulate distortion formation during gas quenching that considers the complex fluid flow field and heat transfer coefficient as a function of space and time. For this reason, this paper proposes an algorithm scheme that aims for more refined results. Based on the physical phenomena involved, a nume

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11

Tapar, O. B., M. Steinbacher, J. Gibmeier, N. Schell, and J. Epp. "In situ Investigation during Low Pressure Carburizing by Means of Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction*." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 76, no. 6 (2021): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2021-0018.

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Abstract In situ X-ray diffraction investigations during low pressure carburizing (LPC) processes were performed with a specially developed process chamber at the German Electron Synchrotron Facility (DESY) in Hamburg, Germany. Carbon saturation in austenite was reached in less than 20 seconds for all processes with different parameters and carbides formed at the surface. Therefore, the direct contribution of carbon donor gas to the carbon profile after 20 seconds was reduced to very low levels. After that point, further supply of carbon donor gas increased the amount of carbides formed at the

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12

Fahlkrans, J., A. Melander, and S. Haglund. "Gas Quench Rate after Low Pressure Carburizing and its Influence on Fatigue Properties of Gears." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 68, no. 6 (2013): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/105.110203.

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13

Chen, Xin Long. "Failure Mechanism of Ultra-High Pressure Fluid Control Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.381.

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The square elbows used in oil and gas fields were often failed because of serious erosion. Some of the products even burst. In this paper, the failure mechanism of square elbow was investigated by using electron microscopy (OM), electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The research results show that the elbow products failed due to its low impact toughness after carburizing and quenching. The erosion angle is nearly ninety-degree. By increasing the tempering temperature, reducing the surface hardness and improving toughness, the serious erosion phenomenon can be effectively avoided. There are two ma

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14

Tapar, Ogün Baris, Jérémy Epp, Matthias Steinbacher, and Jens Gibmeier. "In-Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Microstructural Evolutions During Low-Pressure Carburizing." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 4 (2021): 1427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06171-2.

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AbstractAn experimental heat treatment chamber and control system were developed to perform in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments during low-pressure carburizing (LPC) processes. Results from the experimental chamber and industrial furnace were compared, and it was proven that the built system is reliable for LPC experiments. In-situ X-ray diffraction investigations during LPC treatment were conducted at the German Electron Synchrotron Facility in Hamburg Germany. During the boost steps, carbon accumulation and carbide formation was observed at the surface. These accumulation and carbide forma

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15

Stachurski, W., J. Sawicki, P. Zgórniak, and E. Wołowiec-Korecka. "Impact of single-piece flow thermo-chemical treatment process conditions on hole quenching deformation." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 121, no. 1 (2023): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7476.

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Pulsed low-pressure carburizing (LPC) and omnidirectional high-pressure gas quenching (HPGQ) are innovative methods for quenching the surface layer. The thermo-chemical treatment carried out by this method reduces quenching geometric deformations, with detailed numerical values not available in the literature due to the short existence of this method.Sixteen toothed elements of EN 20MnCr5 steel were subjected to pulsed low-pressure carburising with omnidirectional jet quenching in 4 groups, varying the process temperature (920C, 960C) and in two groups performing a tempering treatment. The ele

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16

STACHURSKI, Wojciech, Krzysztof KRUPANEK, Bartlomiej JANUSZEWICZ, Radoslaw ROSIK, and Ryszard WOJCIK. "AN EFFECT OF GRINDING ON MICROHARDNESS AND RESIDUAL STRESS IN 20MnCr5 FOLLOWING SINGLE-PIECE FLOW LOW-PRESSURE CARBURIZING." Journal of Machine Engineering 18, no. 4 (2018): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7634.

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The aim of the experiment described in the paper was to determine the effect of selected conditions of abrasive machining on the size and distribution of microhardness and residual stresses developed in the technological surface layer of flat specimens made of 20MnCr5 steel. The specimens were subjected to single-piece flow low-pressure carburizing (LPC) and high-pressure gas quenching (HPGQ) in a 4D Quenching chamber, in order to achieve the effective case depth of ECD=0.4 mm. This was followed by grinding the specimens with Quantum and Vortex alumina grinding wheels made by Norton. Cooling a

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17

Wołowiec-Korecka, E., W. Stachurski, P. Zgórniak, M. Korecki, A. Brewka, and P. Byczkowska. "The influence of quenching temperature on distortions during the individual quenching method." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 105 (2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5764.

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Purpose: In this paper, the impact of hardening temperature on the quenching distortions which occur during low-pressure carburizing with gas quenching - using the individual quenching method - was analysed. Design/methodology/approach: The reference elements were subjected to carburizing at 980°C, followed by gas quenching at temperatures of 860°C, 920°C and 980°C. The geometrical measurements of the elements were made before and after the chemical treatment and the size of the quenching distortions of their geometrical parameters was determined. Findings: It was demonstrated that a high temp

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18

Bensabath, Tsilla, Hubert Monnier, and Pierre-Alexandre Glaude. "Detailed kinetic modeling of the formation of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) coming from pyrolysis in low-pressure gas carburizing conditions." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 122 (November 2016): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.09.007.

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19

Bensabath, Tsilla, Hubert Monnier, and Pierre-Alexandre Glaude. "Acetylene pyrolysis in a jet-stirred-reactor for low pressure gas carburizing process – Experiments, kinetic modeling and mixing intensity investigations by CFD simulation." Chemical Engineering Science 195 (February 2019): 810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.10.028.

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20

Mohar Ali Bepari, Md, Md Nizamul Haque, and Kazi Md Shorowordi. "The Structure and Properties of Carburized and Hardened Vanadium Microalloyed Steels." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 1270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.1270.

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Three 0.15% carbon steel samples containing small additions of vanadium and nitrogen singly or in combination have been carburized in a natural Titas gas atmosphere at a temperature of 9500C and a pressure of about 15 psia for time periods ranging from 1 to 5 hours and quenched in 10% brine from the carburizing temperature of 9500C after pre-cooling to 8600C in the furnace followed by tempering at a low temperature of 1600C. The structure and properties of the carburized and heat treated specimens were studied systematically by optical microscopy, surface hardness and microhardness measurement

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21

Amir. "ANALISIS KERUSAKAN TUBE REFORMER DAN USAHA PENCEGAHANNYA." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore 1, no. 1 (2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jtmmx.v1i1.1283.

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dengan steam atau air. Reformer tersebut berfungsi untuk memecahkan gas hidrokarbon menjadi hidrogen. Proses reforming adalah proses reaksi CH4 + H20 CO + 3H2 yang memerlukan temperatur dan tekanan tinggi, reformer tersebut dioperasikan pada suhu 800-1000ºC dengan tekanan 2.1 kg/cm2. Dikarenakan pengoperasinya pada temperature yang tinggi maka ada gejala kerusakan pada sisi elbow tube reformer tersebut. Kerusakan pada tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa factor seperti oksidasi, karburisasi (metal dusting),Nitridasi, korosi oleh halogen, korosi oleh logam cair dan korosi oleh deposit abu atau gar

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22

KAWATA, Kazuki. "Atmosphere Control during Low-Pressure Carburizing." Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan 60, no. 3 (2017): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.60.96.

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23

Liu, Zhe, Ya Wei Peng, Jian Ming Gong, and Chao Ming Chen. "The Effect of Surface Self-Nanocrystallization on Low-Temperature Gas Carburization for AISI 316L Steel." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.137.

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In this work, the effect of surface self-nanocrystallization on low-temperature gas carburizing for AISI316L austenitic stainless steel has been studied. The surface ultrasonic rolling processing (SURP) was used to prepare nanostructured surface layers, and then the un-SURP and SURP samples were treated by LTGC at 470 °C for 10 h, 20 h and 30 h. In order to analyze the effect of surface self-nanocrystallization on low-temperature gas carburizing, optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and nano-indentation analyzer were used. The re

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24

Guo, Jingyu, Xiaohu Deng, Huizhen Wang, Leyu Zhou, Yueming Xu, and Dongying Ju. "Modeling and Simulation of Vacuum Low Pressure Carburizing Process in Gear Steel." Coatings 11, no. 8 (2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11081003.

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A combination of simulation and experimental approaches to optimize the vacuum carburizing process is necessary to replace the costly experimental trial-and-error method in time and resources. In order to accurately predict the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the vacuum carburizing process, a multi-field multi-scale coupled model considering the interaction of temperature, diffusion, phase transformation, and stress was established. Meanwhile, the improved model is combined with the heat treatment software COSMAP to realize the simulation of the low-pressure vacuum carbur

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25

Dybowski, Konrad, and Leszek Klimek. "Identification of Intermetallic Phases Limiting the Growth of Austenite Grains in the Low-Pressure Carburizing Process." Crystals 13, no. 12 (2023): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13121683.

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This article presents the results of a study to identify intermetallic phases whose role is to limit austenite grain growth in the low-pressure carburizing process. A drawback of high-temperature low-pressure carburizing is the austenite grain growth during the process. Using low-pressure carburizing with pre-nitriding technology (PreNitLPC®) offers the possibility of reducing austenite grain growth. This technology involves the application of doses of ammonia during the heating stage of the steel, at the carburizing temperature, to introduce nitrogen into the surface layer of the steel and to

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26

Siwadamrongpong, Somsak, Sorada Khaengkarn, and Krid Tachee. "Influence of Combined Processes between Gas Soft Nitriding and Carburizing to Hardness of Low Carbon Steel." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1186.

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Low carbon steel is widely used in industries due to its low cost and easy to recycle. However, the low carbon steel is also known that easily attacked by environment and low strength compared with other kinds of steel. Therefore, several surface coating and treatment techniques are employed to improve its properties. This study was aimed to investigate influence of combined processes between gas soft nitriding and gas carburizing on the hardness of low carbon steel. The specimen was normalized by normalizing and shot blasting. Then the specimen was treated by gas carburizing, gas carbonitridi

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27

Kowalczyk, Paulina, Konrad Dybowski, Bartłomiej Januszewicz, Radomir Atraszkiewicz, and Marcin Makówka. "The Hybrid Process of Low-Pressure Carburizing and Metallization (Cr + LPC, Al + LPC) of 17CrNiMo7-6 and 10NiCrMo13-5 Steels." Coatings 11, no. 5 (2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050567.

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This paper presents the concept of modification of physicochemical properties of steels by simultaneous diffusion saturation with carbon and chromium or aluminum. The application of a hybrid surface treatment process consisting of a combination of aluminizing and low-pressure carburizing (Al + LPC) resulted in a reduction in the amount of retained austenite in the surface layer of the steel. While the use of chromium plating and low-pressure carburizing (Cr + LPC) induced an improvement in the corrosion resistance of the carburized steels. It is of particular importance in case of vacuum proce

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28

Żółciak, Tadeusz, and Andrzej Przywóski. "Low-temperature gas carburizing of austenitic X5CrNi18-10 steel activated with a thin iron coating." Inżynieria Powierzchni 23, no. 1 (2018): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8031.

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The study investigated the effectiveness of X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel activation by means of a thin iron coating for low temperature carburizing and the usefulness of the generator endothermic atmosphere for this process. In order to activate the steel surface an iron coating with a thickness of 1–2 µm was applied on it electrolytically electroless. Carburizing was carried out at the temperatures of 450–500oC in the atmospheres based on the generator endothermic atmosphere with the addition of nitrogen or hydrogen. Coating modification by adding a few per cent of sulphur to iron resulted in

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29

Nobili, Luca, Pietro Cavallotti, and Mariella Pesetti. "Gas-Carburizing Kinetics of a Low-Alloy Steel." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 41, no. 2 (2009): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-0102-0.

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30

Cotton, Dominique, Philippe Jacquet, Sébastien Faure, and Vincent Vignal. "Ta2C precipitation after low pressure carburizing of tantalum." Materials Chemistry and Physics 278 (February 2022): 125632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125632.

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31

Dybowski, K., J. Sawicki, P. Kula, B. Januszewicz, R. Atraszkiewicz, and S. Lipa. "The Effect of the Quenching Method on the Deformations Size of Gear Wheels after Vacuum Carburizing." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (2016): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0178.

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Abstract This paper presents a comparison of the deformations and residual stresses in gear wheels after vacuum carburizing process with quenching in high-pressure nitrogen and oil. The comparison was made on a medium-sized gear wheels, made of AMS6265 (AISI 9310) steel. This steel is applied in the aerospace industry for gears. The study has provided grounds for an assessment of the effect of the method of quenching on the size of deformations. Compared to oil quenching, high-pressure gas quenching following vacuum carburizing resulted in more uniform and smaller deformations.

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32

Li, Zhichao (Charlie), B. Lynn Ferguson, and Justin Sims. "Low Pressure Carburizing Process Design for High-Alloy Steels." AM&P Technical Articles 177, no. 2 (2019): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2019-02.p062.

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33

Schnatbaum, F., and A. Melber. "Pulse Plasma Carburizing of Steel with High Pressure Gas Quenching." Materials Science Forum 163-165 (May 1994): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.163-165.221.

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34

Kula, Piotr, Konrad Dybowski, Sebastian Lipa, et al. "Investigating Fatigue Strength of Vacuum Carburized 17CrNi6-6 Steel Using a Resonance High Frequency Method." Solid State Phenomena 225 (December 2014): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.225.45.

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The bending fatigue strength of 17CrNi6-6 steel subjected to vacuum carburizing with high pressure gas hardening has been measured using a novel high-frequency technique. The test records the changes in resonance and consists of observing resonance frequency changes in a vibrating system with a single degree of freedom as a result of the forming of a fatigue crack. Moreover, a mechanism of fatigue nucleation and propagation in steel hardened by vacuum carburizing is presented.

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Yokoyama, Yujiro, Tomoyuji Mizukoshi, Itsuo Ishigami, and Tateo Usui. "Numerical Analysis and Control of Gas Carburizing under Changes in Gas Compositions." Materials Science Forum 522-523 (August 2006): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.522-523.589.

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Low carbon steel, S15CK, was carburized at 1203K up to 12.93ks in a commercial furnace where RX gas converted from propane was employed as carrier gas. Gas compositions in the furnace were changed intentionally; consequently carbon potential changed from 0.8 to 1.2 mass%. The carbon content profiles were determined by a succession of grindings and carbon analyses of the ground surfaces with a vacuum type emission spectrometer. A mathematical model for calculation of carbon content profiles is proposed to describe carburizing behavior under time-variant gas compositions in a furnace. The calcul

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Yin, Longcheng, Tingjian Wang, Xinxin Ma, et al. "Pre-Coated Fe–Ni Film to Promote Low-Pressure Carburizing of 14Cr14Co13Mo4 Steel." Coatings 9, no. 5 (2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050304.

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Case-hardening 14Cr14Co13Mo4 martensitic stainless steel needs to be carburized to improve surface performance. Low-pressure carburization has the benefit of having oxidation-free production and being ecofriendly. However, compared with the low-pressure carburization of the low-alloy steel, low-pressure carburization of the 14Cr14Co13Mo4 steel consumes more time and has a risk of network carbides. In order to promote carbon diffusion and avoid network carbide, Fe–Ni films with various thickness were electrodeposited on the 14Cr14Co13Mo4 steel prior to low-pressure carburization. The experiment

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37

AOKI, Kanji. "Low Temperature Gas Nitriding and Carburizing of Stainless Steels." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 54, no. 3 (2003): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.54.209.

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38

KANAYAMA, Nobuyuki, Yuzuru HORIE, and Toshio TANABE. "Plasma Carburizing of Low Pressure Plasma Sprayed Tungsten Coating." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 43, no. 4 (1992): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.43.349.

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39

Dybowski, Konrad, and Rafał Niewiedzielski. "DISTORTION OF 16MnCr5 STEEL PARTS DURING LOW-PRESSURE CARBURIZING." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/67674.

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40

Gorockiewicz, R. "The kinetics of low-pressure carburizing of alloy steels." Vacuum 86, no. 4 (2011): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.09.006.

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41

Rossi, M. "Low pressure and plasma carburizing of alloyed PM steels." Metal Powder Report 51, no. 1 (1997): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(97)80120-8.

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42

Stratton, P. F., S. Bruce, and V. Cheetham. "Low-pressure carburizing systems: A review of current technology." BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 151, no. 11 (2006): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03165206.

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Liu, H. Y., H. L. Che, G. B. Li, and M. K. Lei. "Low-pressure hollow cathode plasma source carburizing technique at low temperature." Surface and Coatings Technology 422 (September 2021): 127511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127511.

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44

Kochmański, Paweł, Renata Chylińska, Paweł Figiel, et al. "Influence of Chemical Composition on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum-Carburized Low-Alloy Steels." Materials 17, no. 2 (2024): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020515.

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This study presents research results concerning the vacuum carburizing of four steel grades, specifically conforming to European standards 1.7243, 1.6587, 1.5920, and 1.3532. The experimental specimens exhibited variations primarily in nickel content, ranging from 0 to approximately 3.8 wt. %. As a comparative reference, gas carburizing was also conducted on the 1.3532 grade, which had the highest nickel content. Comprehensive structural analysis was carried out on the resultant carburized layers using a variety of techniques, such as optical and electron scanning, transmission microscopy, and

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Yin, Longcheng, Xinxin Ma, Guangze Tang, et al. "Characterization of carburized 14Cr14Co13Mo4 stainless steel by low pressure carburizing." Surface and Coatings Technology 358 (January 2019): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.090.

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Wang, Haojie, Bin Wang, Zhaodong Wang, Yong Tian, and R. D. K. Misra. "Optimizing the low-pressure carburizing process of 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE gear steel." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 35, no. 7 (2019): 1218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.02.001.

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SEKI, Masahiro. "Introduction of Low Pressure (Vacuum) Carburizing Equipment for Automotive Parts." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 75, no. 12 (2024): 552–56. https://doi.org/10.4139/sfj.75.552.

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Zhan, Chunyi, Shengshan Feng, Shuzhong Xie, Chunjing Liu, Yunhua Gao, and Jiahao Liang. "Anti-carburizing Coating for Resin Sand Casting of Low Carbon Steel Based on Composite Silicate Powder Containing Zirconium." MATEC Web of Conferences 142 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814203007.

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This paper studied the structure and properties of anticarburizing coating based on composite silicate powder containing zirconium by X-ray diffraction analyzer, thermal expansion tester, digital microscope and other equipment. It is introduced that the application example of the coating in the resin-sand casting of ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel impeller. The anti-carburizing effect of the coating on the surface layer of the cast is studied by using direct reading spectrometer and spectrum analyzer. The change of the micro-structure of the coating after casting and cooling is observed by scanni

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Sulistiyono, Bambang, Yudy Surya Irawan, Agus Suprapto, and Rudy Soenoko. "The comparison pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas type Welding Grade and Ultra High Purity." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001839.

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The paper discusses the comparison of pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas Nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to increase the hardness and corrosion resistance of SUS 316. The research used a pack carburizing-nitriding method with gas type Welding Grade (WG) and Ultra High Purity (UHP). The pack carburizing process uses teak wood activated carbon and barium carbonate as a bio-photo catalyst. The specimens were put into a Sealed Steel Container containing teak wood activated carbon, with a depth of 1 cm below the activated carbon's surface. The test material is then heated unt

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Sulistiyono, Bambang, Yudy Surya Irawan, Agus Suprapto, and Rudy Soenoko. "The comparison pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas type Welding Grade and Ultra High Purity." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 119–26. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001839.

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Abstract:

The paper discusses the comparison of pack carburizing-nitriding SUS 316 with gas Nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to increase the hardness and corrosion resistance of SUS 316. The research used a pack carburizing-nitriding method with gas type Welding Grade (WG) and Ultra High Purity (UHP). The pack carburizing process uses teak wood activated carbon and barium carbonate as a bio-photo catalyst. The specimens were put into a Sealed Steel Container containing teak wood activated carbon, with a depth of 1 cm below the activated carbon's surface. The test material is then heated until it

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