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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-risk activism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Gundelach, Peter, and Jonas Toubøl. "HIGH- AND LOW-RISK ACTIVISM: DIFFERENTIAL PARTICIPATION IN A REFUGEE SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-24-2-199.

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This article presents a quantitative study of differential participation in low- and high-risk activism in the Danish refugee solidarity movement. Distinguishing between low- and high-risk activism, it shows the fruitfulness of combining what are often considered competing theoretical explanations related to (1) values, (2) microstructures, and (3) emotions. We analyze data from a unique survey of 1,856 respondents recruited via Facebook. The results show that low- and high-risk participation strongly correlate but are influenced by different factors. For low-risk activities, the most important factors are emotional reactions, structural availability, and predispositions in the form of basic human values. For high-risk activity, the important factors are prior history of activism and emotional reaction. Values, microstructures, and emotions interact in relation to participation in both kinds of activism, which points to promising avenues for integrating and developing the theoretical framework of differential participation and recruitment.

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2

Hope, Elan C., Kristen N. Pender, and Kristen N. Riddick. "Development and Validation of the Black Community Activism Orientation Scale." Journal of Black Psychology 45, no. 3 (April 2019): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798419865416.

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In this article, we describe the development and validation of a measure of orientation toward activism in and for the Black community—the Black Community Activism Orientation Scale (BCAOS)—in a sample of Black adolescents and emerging adults. An exploratory factor analysis ( n = 446) was conducted and the results were a 26-item measure with scores of three internally consistent factors: high-risk, low-risk, and formal political activism orientation. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted ( n = 447) and strong model fit estimates confirmed the factor structure of the exploratory factor analysis. Convergent validity was established through bivariate correlations of the BCAOS factors with social responsibility beliefs and nationalist ideology. In light of increased participation in sociopolitical movements in support of Black lives, the BCAOS can contribute to investigations of the psychology of adolescent and emerging adult activism in and for the Black community. We recommend additional scale development research to further contribute to this growing field.

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3

Eid, Mahmoud, and Isaac Nahon-Serfaty. "Risk, Activism, and Empowerment." International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change 2, no. 1 (January 2015): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcesc.2015010104.

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The prevalence of breast cancer in Venezuela is particularly alarming, which is attributed to healthcare inequalities, low health literacy, and lagging compliance with prevention methods (i.e., screening and mammography). While the right to health is acknowledged by the Venezuelan constitution, activism beyond governmental confines is required to increase women's breast cancer awareness and decrease mortality rates. Through the development of social support and strategic communicative methods enacted by healthcare providers, it may be possible to empower women with the tools necessary for breast cancer prevention. This paper discusses issues surrounding women's breast cancer, such as awareness of the disease and its risks, self-advocacy, and the roles of activists, healthcare providers, and society. Specifically, it describes a four-year action-oriented research project developed in Venezuela, which was a collaborative work among researchers, practitioners, NGOs, patients, journalists, and policymakers. The outcomes include higher levels of awareness and interest among community members and organizations to learn and seek more information about women's breast cancer, better understandings of the communicated messages, more media coverage and medical consultations, increasing positive patient treatments, expansion of networking of NGOs, as well as a widely supported declaration for a national response against breast cancer in Venezuela.

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4

Jaworowski, Zbigniew. "Radiation hormesis - A remedy for fear." Human & Experimental Toxicology 29, no. 4 (March 23, 2010): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110363974.

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Personal reflections on radiation hormesis for the past 50 years are presented. The causes of ignoring and rejections of this phenomenon by international and national bodies and by radiation protection establishment are analyzed. The opposition against nuclear weapons and preparations for nuclear war was probably the main factor in inducing the concern for adverse effects of low doses of ionizing radiation, a byproduct of activism against the nuclear weapon tests. UNSCEAR was deeply involved in preparation of the scientific basis for cessation of nuclear test, and contributed to elaboration of the LNT assumption, which is in contradiction with the hormetic phenomenon. However, this authoritative body recognized also the existence of radiation hormesis, termed as ‘adaptive response.’ The political and vested interests behind exclusion of hormesis from the current risk assessment methodology are discussed.

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5

Houghteling, Clara, and Prentiss A. Dantzler. "Taking a Knee, Taking a Stand: Social Networks and Identity Salience in the 2017 NFL Protests." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219885978.

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Beginning with President Trump’s speech against the national anthem protestors in September 2017, the authors consider how external sociopolitical events interacted with the network structure of the 2017 National Football League (NFL) to alter the salience of member identities and the resultant patterns of protest activity within the league. Using group membership data on the full population of 2,453 football players, the analysis tracks protest participation by membership in race and status groups and by the network variables of degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality. Black and elite players are both overrepresented among protesters throughout the season. The margins of overrepresentation narrowed during an increase in demonstrations after Trump’s first criticisms but had widened by the end of the season. The mean centralities of the protesting groups varied from week to week because of an increase in the salience of the NFL player identity and its interaction with racial identities. In general, protesters had lower mean degree and closeness centralities and a higher mean betweenness centrality than players who abstained from protest. Those who participated in high-risk forms of activism also tended to have lower mean degree and closeness centralities and a higher mean betweenness centrality than those who opted for low-risk demonstrations. These findings indicate that sociopolitical events can implicate different identities, changing their salience in the decision to join or abstain from a social movement.

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6

Preu, Friederike Johanna, and Benjamin J. Richardson. "German Socially Responsible Investment: Barriers and Opportunities." German Law Journal 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 865–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017132.

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In socially responsible investment terms, Germany is a contradiction. The country is considered by many as one of the pioneers of post-war environmentalism and social reform. Yet, German financial institutions are amongst the European laggards in adopting environmentally and socially informed approaches to investment. This article identifies a variety of legal, institutional and attitudinal factors which hinder the growth of the German SRI market. Its paltry size does not reflect evidence of any specific disinterest among German investors in social and environmental issues. Rather, it arises from a combination of structural impediments, particularly the institutional arrangements for German pension schemes that hinder their participation in financial markets, regulations which encourage conservative investments, and investors' preference for low-risk assets and avoidance of shareholder activism. Legal and institutional reforms over the past decade have in theory created better opportunities for SRI in Germany, although they have yet to engender significant changes in the market.

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7

Zottola, Angela, Dimitrinka Atanasova, Emma Cardwell, John Forrester, and Carly Stevens. "Framing nitrogen pollution in the British press: 1984–2018." Discourse & Communication 14, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481319876772.

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Awareness of the risks posed by excess nitrogen is low beyond the scientific community. As public understanding of scientific issues is partly influenced by news reporting, this article is the first to study how the British press has discussed nitrogen pollution. A corpus-assisted frame analysis of newspaper articles (1984–2018) highlighted five frames: Activism, where environmental charities and organizations are portrayed as having an active role in fighting pollution; Government Responsibility, where privatization is presented as central and positioned as one of the main causes of pollution; Industry Responsibility, in which industries’ actions are depicted as causing pollution to increase; Pollutions as Politics, in which pollution is not discussed as a problem to be solved but rather as a means to increase votes; and Risk, where readers are warned about the possible effects of pollution on human health, flora and fauna. The analysis also points to the absence of named scientists and sources with the coverage being dominated by politicians.

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8

Eliashevich, Sofia, Oxana Drapkina, and Batogab Shoibonov. "The MASP activity and the thrombosis risk in low cardiovascular risk patients." Atherosclerosis 263 (August 2017): e163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.519.

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9

Lacombe, Shawn P., Stephen A. LaHaye, Diana Hopkins-Rosseel, David Ball, and Winnie Lau. "Identifying Patients at Low Risk for Activity-Related Events." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 34, no. 3 (2014): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hcr.0000000000000045.

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10

Main, Denise M., Jeane A. Grisso, Tiazu Wold, Ellen Sim Snyder, John Holmes, and Grace Chiu. "Extended longitudinal study of uterine activity among low-risk women." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 165, no. 4 (October 1991): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90752-8.

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11

Iverson, Grant L., and Dana S. Thordarson. "Women with Low Activity are at Increased Risk for Depression." Psychological Reports 96, no. 1 (February 2005): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.1.133-140.

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This study assessed if there are sex differences in the relationship between amount of physical activity and depression in primary care outpatients. Participants ( N = 111), referred by their family physicians, wore a heart-rate monitor for 24 hr. The two-lead monitor collected the number of beats per minute and minute-averaged horizontal movement data, e.g., from walking or moving about. All participants underwent structured clinical interviewing using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV and completed the Beck Depression Inventory–II and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. For the total sample, patients with low activity were more likely to be depressed ( p <.006). Adults under the age of 45 ( n = 85) with low activity were 7.4 times more likely to be depressed than young adults who showed normal activity. However, in adults 45 or older, there was no relationship between activity and depression. In a subsample of women under the age of 55 ( n = 70), 91% of the low activity group and 39% of the normal activity group were diagnosed with depression ( p <.003). Women in the low activity group were 15.7 times more likely to be depressed than women in the normal activity group. In contrast, there was no relationship between activity and depression in men. Additional research is needed to assess whether low activity is a potent predictor of depression in women.

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12

Main, Denise M., Jeane A. Grisso, Tiazu Wold, Ellen Sim Snyder, John Holmes, and Grace Chiu. "Extended longitudinal study of uterine activity among low-risk women." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 165, no. 5 (November 1991): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(91)90359-y.

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13

Albano, Domenico, Mattia Bonacina, Rexhep Durmo, Francesco Bertagna, and Raffaele Giubbini. "Efficacy of low radioiodine activity versus intermediate-high activity in the ablation of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer." Endocrine 68, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02148-9.

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14

Dianawati, Tiur, and Liena Sofiana. "Risk Factors of Low Vision in Children." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i2.4720.

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Low vision and blindness is a vision disorder that becomes an important issue with regard to a person's independence. According to data owned by the World Health Organization in 2011, the number of blind people in the world reached 39 million, 246 million for low vision and 285 million for blindness. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence of risk factors in children with low vision in Low Vision Service Center Pertuni Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study was an observational analytic study employed cross sectional design. The subject participated in this study was 139 children. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis. The instrument used was check list. There were relationships between the sex with low vision (p = 0.028, RR = 1.308), there was no relationship between regular eye checkup with low vision incidence (p = 0.801, RR = 1.054). There was relationship between the use of vision aids with low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 0.640), there was a relationship between the cataract with low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 1.472), there was a correlation between the refractive disorderwith low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 0.625).There should be an awareness of health behaviours in the use of vision aids as needed and balanced diet with sufficient physical activity and regular.

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15

Dianawati, Tiur, and Liena Sofiana. "Risk Factors of Low Vision in Children." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i2.4720.

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Low vision and blindness is a vision disorder that becomes an important issue with regard to a person's independence. According to data owned by the World Health Organization in 2011, the number of blind people in the world reached 39 million, 246 million for low vision and 285 million for blindness. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence of risk factors in children with low vision in Low Vision Service Center Pertuni Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study was an observational analytic study employed cross sectional design. The subject participated in this study was 139 children. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis. The instrument used was check list. There were relationships between the sex with low vision (p = 0.028, RR = 1.308), there was no relationship between regular eye checkup with low vision incidence (p = 0.801, RR = 1.054). There was relationship between the use of vision aids with low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 0.640), there was a relationship between the cataract with low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 1.472), there was a correlation between the refractive disorderwith low vision (p = 0.000, RR = 0.625).There should be an awareness of health behaviours in the use of vision aids as needed and balanced diet with sufficient physical activity and regular.

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16

Fischer, Henry W., Charles K. Scharnberger, and Charles J. Geiger. "Seismic vulnerability, risk assessment, mitigation, response and recovery activity in a low risk state: pennsylvania's experience." International Journal of Public Administration 22, no. 5 (January 1999): 711–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900699908525402.

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17

Wu, Haifeng M., T. Charles Casper, Spero R. Cataland, Shili Lin, Melanie Kennedy, and Ming Jin. "Low ADAMTS13 Activity in Clinical Remission Predicts the Risk of TTP Relapses." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4018.4018.

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Abstract Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a devastating disorder characterized by frequent recurrences. A predictive biomarker that allows for the early identification and intervention prior to the overt relapse of disease is needed. In the present study, the assay for ADAMTS13 activity was modified to adequately detect ADAMTS13 activity as low as 0.5%. Serial samples (n=157) collected from 24 TTP patients during periods of sustained clinical remission were then studied. These patients were followed up quarterly for an average of 23 months, during which time 9 episodes of TTP relapses from 6 patients occurred. We measured ADAMTS13 activity in these samples and then employed logistic regression modeling to evaluate the relationship between ADAMTS13 activity levels and the risk of TTP relapses. Our data demonstrated that lower ADAMTS13 activity and younger age are significantly associated with a higher probability of relapse in the 3 months following the date the specimens were taken. In contrast, ADAMTS13 antibody IgG levels are not predictive of TTP relapses. Identification of low ADAMTS13 activity during remission as a key risk factor for TTP relapses provides a new screening strategy to identify patients who may benefit from prophylactic therapy prior to disease relapses.

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18

Wilson, Andrew M., Amir H. Sadrzadeh-Rafie, Jonathan Myers, Themistocles Assimes, Kevin T. Nead, Mamie Higgins, Andre Gabriel, Jeffrey Olin, and John P. Cooke. "Low lifetime recreational activity is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease." Journal of Vascular Surgery 54, no. 2 (August 2011): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.02.052.

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19

Spangler-Murphy, Emily, Debra A. Krummel, Nicole Morrison, and Paul M. Gordon. "Environmental Perceptions Related to Physical Activity in High- and Low-Risk Counties." Health Promotion Practice 6, no. 1 (January 2005): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839903260157.

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20

Dickinson, Jan E., Maryellen Godfrey, and Sharon F. Evans. "Antenatal Patterns of Uterine Activity in Low-Risk Women: A Longitudinal Study." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 37, no. 2 (May 1997): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1997.tb02242.x.

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21

Dugi, K. A., K. Brandauer, N. Schmidt, D. Ramacher, and J. Kreuzer. "Low hepatic lipase activity is a risk factor for coronary artery disease." Atherosclerosis 151, no. 1 (July 2000): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80570-5.

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22

Czajkowska, Anna, Krzysztof Mazurek, Andrzej Wiśniewski, Anna Kęska, Joanna Tkaczyk, Krzysztof Krawczyk, Magdalena Pałka, and Tomasz Mazurek. "Insufficient physical activity increases cardiovascular risk in women with low birth mass." Biomedical Human Kinetics 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bhk-2017-0001.

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Summary Study aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between low birth mass and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a cardiovascular risk factor in young women with various levels of physical activity.Materials and methods: 102 female students aged 19.7 ± 0.8 (18.6-23.0) were included. The study group was divided according to the declared physical activity: high physical activity (HPA, n = 69) and low physical activity (LPA, n = 33). Anthropometric indices were measured: body mass, height, hip and waist circumference. hsCRP levels were obtained from venous blood samples. Birth body mass (BBM) and birth height were collected from medical documentation.Results: Women with low BBM and LPA had a significantly higher concentration of hsCRP than women with low BBM and HPA, as well as women with normal BBM.Conclusions: Low birth mass together with low physical activity is a strong predictor of raised concentration of hsCRP, which correlates with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Regular physical activity in women with low birth mass may prevent an increased hsCRP concentration, and as a result decrease the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

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23

Macias Cervantes, Maciste H., Ana Lilia Gonzalez-Yebra, Daniela Beatriz Muñoz-Lopez, Monica Preciado-Puga, Carmen Hernandez-Gomez, and Karina Hernandez-Cortes. "Metabolic Risk factors in low Physical Activity Shoe Workers of Central Mexico." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485690.09140.a0.

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24

Sonneveld, Michelle A. H., Moniek P. M. de Maat, Marileen L. P. Portegies, Maryam Kavousi, Albert Hofman, Peter L. Turecek, Hanspeter Rottensteiner, et al. "Low ADAMTS13 activity is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke." Blood 126, no. 25 (December 17, 2015): 2739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-05-643338.

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25

Guenther, Ulf, Mirko Wolke, Renke Schelling, Klaus P. Kohse, Malte Book, Oliver Dewald, and Andreas Weyland. "Low cholinesterase activity is a risk factor for delirium after cardiac surgery." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 38, no. 5 (May 2021): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/eja.0000000000001430.

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26

Yuan, Bin, Chunna Dong, Hongyang Yu, Lisheng Wang, Chuanling Zhang, Aiping Yu, and Chutse Wu. "Construction and functional evaluation of hirudin derivatives with low bleeding risk." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 99, no. 02 (2008): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-07-0453.

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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to design and evaluate hirudin (HIR) derivatives with low bleeding risk. In these derivatives, the factor (F) XIa, FXa, and thrombin recognition peptides (EPR, GVYAR, and LGPR, respectively) were linked to the N-terminus of HIR. The intact derivatives have no anticoagulant activity because of the extension of the N-terminus of HIR. After cleavage by the corresponding coagulation factor that occurs on the activation of the coagulation system and in the presence of the thrombus, its activity is released. This limited the anticoagulant activity of these derivatives to the vicinity of the thrombus, and as a result, systemic bleeding complications were avoided. The definite antithrombotic effect and low bleeding parameters of these derivatives were investigated in rat carotid artery and inferior vena cava thrombosis models. In both models, the three derivatives showed significant antithrombotic effects, indicating that anticoagulant activity could be successfully released in vivo. Moreover, the bleeding parameters of these derivatives were lower than that of HIR as indicated by the values of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT). To further assess the safety of these derivatives, bleeding time was measured in a mouse tail-cut model. Although the derivatives had obvious effects on bleeding at a dose of 6 mg/kg, the effect of these derivatives on bleeding was significantly weaker than that of HIR at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Thus, the benefit-to-risk profiles of the derivatives were superior to that of HIR.

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27

Ben Ghachem, T., I. Yeddes, I. Meddeb, A. Bahloul, A. Mhiri, I. Slim, and M. F. Ben Slimene. "A comparison of low versus high radioiodine administered activity in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 274, no. 2 (May 25, 2016): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-4111-5.

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28

Wang, Lisheng, Qinglin Zhang, Yide Qin, Chutse Wu, Xiudong Wang, Guangman Zhang, and Aiping Yu. "A fusion protein with improved thrombolytic effect and low bleeding risk." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 102, no. 12 (2009): 1194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th09-04-0235.

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SummaryTo resolve the therapeutic dilemma between efficacy of thrombolysis and bleeding risk associated with the use of a combination of thrombolytic and anticoagulant treatments, we created a fusion protein. Staphylokinase was fused to the N-terminus of hirudin using thrombin recognition sequence as linker peptide, resulting in a fusion protein STH.We hypothesised that STH would be cleaved by thrombin at the thrombus site, releasing staphylokinase and hirudin to perform bifunctionally, and attenuating bleeding risk. SDS-PAGE andWestern blot analyses indicated that the linker peptide could be specially recognised and cleaved by thrombin. Amidolytic and thromboelastogram assays showed that the N-terminus of hirudin in STH was blocked by staphylokinase and linker peptide, impeding hirudin’s anticoagulant activity. Once cleaved, STH displayed 35.7% of the anticoagulant activity of equimolar hirudin and exhibited anticoagulant effects in the fibrin clot lysis assay.Thrombin-binding and fibrin clot lysis assays showed that the C-terminus of hirudin retained its high affinity for thrombin. Moreover, STH showed improved thrombolytic effects and a lower bleeding risk in animals. Thus, STH may have the capacity to perform bifunctionally and release anticoagulant activity in a thrombus-targeted manner in vivo, which may reduce the bleeding risk that often accompanies high thrombolytic efficacy in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases.

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Dura, Polat, Jody Salomon, Rene te Morsche, Hennie Roelofs, Jon Kristinsson, Theo Wobbes, Ben J. Witteman, Adriaan C. Tan, Joost P. Drenth, and Wilbert Peters. "Su1843 High Enzyme Activity UGT1A1 or Low Activity Ugt1a8 and Ugt2b4 Genotypes Increase Esophageal Cancer Risk." Gastroenterology 142, no. 5 (May 2012): S—517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(12)61983-0.

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30

Ball, Geoff D. C., J. Dru Marshall, and Linda J. McCargar. "Fatness and Fitness in Obese Children at Low and High Health Risk." Pediatric Exercise Science 15, no. 4 (November 2003): 392–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.15.4.392.

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We investigated whether body composition, physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness explained the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in youth. Eighty-three obese children (6–12 years old) were classified as either low health risk (LHR; n = 30) or high health risk (HHR; n = 53) based on the absence/presence of metabolic risk factors that included measures of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and elevated blood pressure. Along with demographic and anthropometric data, body composition, physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness variables were assessed. Risk factor clustering was evident in this sample with 24/83 (29%) possessing at least 2 risk factors. Percent body fat did not differ between the LHR (38.5%) and HHR (39.8%) groups, but total fat mass, total fat-free mass, and central body fat mass were greater in the high health risk group. The strongest predictor for the presence of risk factors was central body fat accumulation. Physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness were unable to predict metabolic risk. Overall, we found that risk factors for CVD and type 2 diabetes were common and that body fat mass and central body fat distribution, in particular, were more important than physical activity, physical inactivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in predicting metabolic risk in obese children.

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Gram, Jørgen, Johannes Sidelmann, and Jørgen Jespersen. "Does Low Protein Concentration of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator Predict a Low Risk of Spontaneous Deep Vein Thrombosis?" Thrombosis and Haemostasis 74, no. 02 (1995): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649803.

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SummaryMany reports have demonstrated an abnormal fibrinolysis in a subset of patients with deep vein thrombosis. We have studied systemic global fibrinolytic activity and protein concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in plasma of 25 young patients with a previous instance of spontaneous deep vein thrombosis documented by phlebography and in 50 healthy controls. The two populations were comparable with respect to a number of base-line variables (age, height, weight, etc.), while the patients had significantly lower fibrinolytic activity (p <0.02), and significantly higher protein concentrations of t-PA (p <0.0001) and PAI-1 (p <0.0006).We used probit scale plots to identify the consequence of different cut-off points to separate patients from controls. Reasonable separation could be obtained for t-PA with a cut-off point of 5.2 ng/ml and for PAI-1 18 ng/ml. The sensitivity and specificity for these cut-off points were for t-PA 73% (95% confidence interval 63%-84%) and for PAI-1 67% (confidence interval 55%-77%). The negative predictive value with a cut-off point t-PA concentration of 5.2 ng/ml was 85% (95% confidence interval 70%-94%). We observed a significantly negative association between concentration of t-PA and fibrinolytic activity (rs = -0.47; p <0.005) and also between PAI-1 and fibrinolytic activity (rs = -0.78; p <0.005).We conclude that a young healthy population is characterized by low protein concentration of t-PA (and PAI-1) compared with young patients with a previous instance of spontaneous vein thrombosis, and we tentatively state that a low protein concentration of t-PA predicts a low risk of spontaneous deep vein thrombosis.

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32

Ndrepepa, Gjin, and Adnan Kastrati. "Alanine aminotransferase—a marker of cardiovascular risk at high and low activity levels." Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine 4 (September 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jlpm.2019.08.01.

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33

Saito, Takafumi, Masahiro Sakita, and Shuzo Kumagai. "Combination risk to chronic low back pain of physical activity and sedentary behavior." Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 64, no. 4 (2015): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.64.435.

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Costello, K. E., J. L. Astephen Wilson, and C. L. Hubley-Kozey. "Low physical activity levels in knee osteoarthritis associated with "at risk" gait patterns." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 27 (April 2019): S131—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.194.

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Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza, Erin L. Richman, Eduardo V. Sosa, Lee Jones, Jeffrey Simko, Katsuto Shinohara, Christopher M. Haqq, Peter Carroll, and June M. Chan. "Physical activity and prostate gene expression in men with low-risk prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.189.

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189 Background: Physical activity (PA), in particular longer duration or higher intensity, may reduce the risk of PCa progression and PCa-specific mortality in men diagnosed with clinically localized PCa. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which PA exerts its protective effect in the prostate remains unknown. We examined the correlation of PA and gene expression patterns in men with low risk prostate cancer who elected to undergo active surveillance. Methods: Morphologically normal prostate tissue was obtained from men who subsequently participated in a clinical trial focused on nutritional supplements (previously published microarray dataset #GSE27140). Of the original sample (n=84), 70 completed a brief PA questionnaire and were dichotomized based usual PA [e.g. any vigorous PA (yes/no), 3+ h/wk vigorous PA (yes/no)]. Differential expression and pathway (gene set) analyses between groups were performed using Significance Analysis of Microarrays. Genes and gene sets with a false discovery rate ≤0.10 and 0.20 were considered significant, respectively. Results: Gene expression analysis detected 184 significant genes that were differentially expressed between men who performed vigorous PA for 3+ h/wk (n=23) and those who did not (n= 47). Up-regulated genes included the known tumor suppressors, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Furthermore, pathway analysis revealed that cell cycle and DNA repair pathways were positively modulated in men who participated in 3+h/wk vigorous PA vs. not. Consistent with the data on vigorous PA and clinical outcomes in men with PCa, the duration of vigorous PA was important; there were no significant genes detected when comparing men who participated in any vigorous PA to men who did none. Conclusions: Prostate gene expression and pathway analyses revealed candidate genes and in vivo pathways that may be modulated by participating in 3+ h/wk of vigorous PA. These data provide mechanistic insight into how 3+ h/wk of vigorous PA may offer PCa-specific benefits. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which such PA affects normal prostate gene expression may aid the development of strategies to prevent or delay PCa progression.

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ÅGREN, A., B. WIMAN, V. STILLER, P. LINDMARKER, M. STEN-LINDER, A. CARLSSON, M. HOLMSTRÖM, J. ODEBERG, and S. SCHULMAN. "Evaluation of low PAI-1 activity as a risk factor for hemorrhagic diathesis." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 4, no. 1 (December 13, 2005): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01709.x.

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Nafziger, A. N., and J. S. Bertino. "Low Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A Activity is a Risk for Corticosteroid-induced Osteonecrosis." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 82, no. 4 (February 28, 2007): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.clpt.6100105.

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Chiusa, Luigi, Diego Galliano, Andrea Formiconi, Otello Di Primio, and Achille Pich. "High and low risk prostate carcinoma determined by histologic grade and proliferative activity." Cancer 79, no. 10 (May 15, 1997): 1956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970515)79:10<1956::aid-cncr17>3.0.co;2-u.

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Dugi, Klaus A., Karin Brandauer, Nikolaus Schmidt, Barbara Nau, Jochen G. Schneider, Stefani Mentz, Tanja Keiper, et al. "Low Hepatic Lipase Activity Is a Novel Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease." Circulation 104, no. 25 (December 17, 2001): 3057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hc5001.100795.

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Egan, Brent M. "Are there cardiometabolic benefits of low-intensity physical activity in at-risk adults?" Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 12, no. 2 (February 2018): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2017.12.008.

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Magbanua, Mark Jesus M., Erin L. Richman, Eduardo V. Sosa, Lee W. Jones, Jeff Simko, Katsuto Shinohara, Christopher M. Haqq, Peter R. Carroll, and June M. Chan. "Physical activity and prostate gene expression in men with low-risk prostate cancer." Cancer Causes & Control 25, no. 4 (February 7, 2014): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0354-x.

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KANESHIRO, Y., Y. ODA, K. IWAKIRI, T. MASADA, H. IWAKI, Y. HIROTA, K. KONDO, and K. TAKAOKA. "Low hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity is a risk for corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis." Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 80, no. 4 (October 2006): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clpt.2006.07.004.

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Amirova, T. Kh, R. A. Gubanov, I. I. Ahmetov, E. S. Egorova, Z. F. Hismatova, and L. M. Fatkhutdinova. "Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Work-Related Low Back Pain." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 17, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-1-4-12.

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Objects and methods of research. Of the 580 employees of a petrochemical plant, 507 people went through survey for low back pain using the Nordic questionnaire. In the prospective part of the study, 188 workers without any back problems during 12 months before the study were followed up for 6 and 12 months using the same questionnaire. Physical load at work place, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and gene PARK2 polymorphism were regarded as potential risk factors. 177 workers provided buccal epithelium for investigation of rs926849 polymorphism A/G in the gene PARK2 by real-time PCR.The results of the study and their discussion. One-year prevalence of low back pain was 38.7% (95% CI 33.6–42.3%), and the incidence of new cases was 20.7% (95% CI 15.3–27.4%).In the presence of the genotype AA the probability of developing the low back pain in the group of up to 30 years were as high as in the group of 30 years and older: OR 0,99 (95% CI 0.29–4.52). For the low back pain with reduction of physical activity or disability, in the presence of AA genotype risk of such pain in workers aged 30 years and older was significantly higher than in the younger group: OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.03–3.57). The probability of low back pain was highest in the simultaneous presence of risk factors such as AA genotype and body mass index 25 kg/m² and more: OR 3,83 (95% CI 2.34–4.88) for all cases of low back pain, OR 10.0 (95% CI 5.04–19.85) for low back pain with reduction of physical activity or disability.Occupational risk factors of high significance (after controlling for non-occupational risk factors and their interactions) were revealed: fixed working posture of more than 25% of the work shift: OR 4.8 (95% CI 1.57–14.69), high dynamic physical load: OR 1.48 (95% CI 0.67– 3.26), as well as high physical load in general: OR 2.96 (95% CI 0.72–12.18). For the low back pain with reduction of physical activity or disability the structure of the risk factors was the same, while the odds ratios were higher and confidence intervals did not include 1.0.Conclusion.The following risk factors of work-related low back pain have been revealed: the age (30 years and older), overweight, genetic predisposition, namely the polymorphism of the PARK2 gene, high physical load, predominantly a fixed working posture of more than 25% of the work shift, and dynamic physical load. It has been shown that interactions of the factors «age» and «genotype», as well as «BMI» and «genotype» should be considered for better understanding of the structure of risk factors of work related low back pain.

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Sugianto, Ray, Johana Titus, and Minarma Siagian. "Risk factors of low peak bone mass in Indonesian women." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 11, no. 2 (October 30, 2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.19010.

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Background: Osteoporosis occurred in 64% of Indonesian women aged 60-64 years. The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced by achieving optimal peak bone mass in ages 25-32 years. However, 33.4% women had low peak bone mass (LPBM).Objective: We aimed to develop a tool to identify women at risk of developing LPBM in order to ameliorate this situation. Some risk/protective factors were explored in a case-control study.Method: We recruited 25 cases, those with LPBM (T-score <1) according to peripheral bone densitometry and 25 controls from Cengkareng District, West Jakarta. They were assessed using questionnaires to explore their historical intake of calcium, tea/coffee, and weight-bearing activity. We also measured BMI and body composition. Parameters among case and control groups were analyzed using independent T-test or Mann-Whitney, and odds ratio in relation to peak bone mass was also computed.Results: Between cases and controls, there were no differences observed in BMI, body composition, weight-bearing activity, and historical tea/coffee consumption. Calcium intake from sources other than milk and its derivatives were also found not to differ. Historical calcium index (HCI), measuring weekly calcium intake since childhood, was found lower in cases (median=160 vs 965; p=0.001). HCI cut-off analysis found that the values of 300 and 1000 yielded good specificity (80%) and sensitivity (92%) for LPBM. OR analysis identified those with HCI <1000 (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 2.05−54.95) as at moderate risk of developing LPBM, and HCI ≤ 300 as at higher risk.Conclusion: We concluded that, as low HCI was the risk factor for developing LPBM, calculation of HCI should be done to earlier identify women at risk, thus prompting earlier nutrition and lifestyle intervention to prevent the occurrence of LPBM and future osteoporosis.

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Elgh, Eva, Anne Larsson, Sture Eriksson, and Lars Nyberg. "Altered Prefrontal Brain Activity in Persons at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease: An fMRI Study." International Psychogeriatrics 15, no. 2 (June 2003): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610203008810.

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Background: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for adequate treatment and care. Recently it has been shown that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be important in preclinical detection of AD. The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in memory-related brain activation between persons with high versus low risk for AD. This was achieved by combining a validated neurocognitive screening battery (the 7-minutes test) with memory assessment and fMRI. Methods: One hundred two healthy community-living persons with subjective memory complaints were recruited through advertisement and tested with the 7-minutes test. Based on their test performance they were classified as having either high (n = 8) or low risk (n = 94) for AD. Six high-risk individuals and six age-, sex-, and education-matched low-risk individuals were investigated with fMRI while engaged in episodic memory tasks. Results: The high-risk individuals performed worse than low-risk individuals on tests of episodic memory. Patterns of brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval showed significant gourp differences (p < .05 corrected). During both encoding and retrieval, the low-risk persons showed increased activity relative to a baseline condition in prefrontal brain regions that previously have been implicated in episodic memory. By contrast, the high-risk persons did not significantly activate any prefrontal regions, but instead showed increased activity in visual occipito-temporal regions. Conclusion: Patterns of prefrontal brain activity related to episodic memory differ between persons with high versus low risk for AD, and lowered prefrontal activity may predict subsequent disease.

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Thapa, Ngeemasara, Boram Kim, Ja-Gyeong Yang, Hye-Jin Park, Minwoo Jang, Ha-Eun Son, Gwon-Min Kim, and Hyuntae Park. "The Relationship between Chronotype, Physical Activity and the Estimated Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103701.

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Our study examined the association between chronotype, daily physical activity, and the estimated risk of dementia in 170 community-dwelling older adults. Chronotype was assessed with the Horne–Östberg Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Daily physical activity (of over 3 METs) was measured with a tri-axial accelerometer. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) was used to measure the estimated risk of dementia. The evening chronotype, low daily physical activity, and dementia were positively associated with each other. The participants with low physical activity alongside evening preference had 3.05 to 3.67 times higher estimated risk of developing dementia, and participants with low physical activity and morning preference had 1.95 to 2.26 times higher estimated risk than those with high physical activity and morning preference. Our study design does not infer causation. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that chronotype and daily physical activity are predictors of the risk of having dementia in older adults aged 70 years and above.

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Mehdad, Slimane, Saida Mansour, Hassan Aguenaou, and Khalid Taghzouti. "Diet, weight status, and physical activity in cancer prevention." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 08 (December 7, 2020): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.08.325-335.

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Background: Cancer is a multifactorial disease involving individual, behavioral and environmental factors that can contribute to its onset. More than 40% of cancers are estimated to be attributable to avoidable risk factors, particularly diet, physical activity, weight status, and alcohol consumption. Aim: To provide insight into the role of weight status, diet, and physical activity in cancer causation and prevention, and to highlight evidence-based recommendations. Material and methods: A literature review of published studies, particularly recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large prospective studies was conducted using PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: There is evidence that diets high in red and processed meats, fat and refined carbohydrates, and low in plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, high consumption of alcohol, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of tumor development and progression. Therefore, the current recommendations for cancer prevention are based on: (1) eating at least five portions (400g) of vegetables (3 portions) and fruits (2 portions); (2) limiting the consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods such as red and processed meats, energy-dense foods, and trans-fatty acids; (3) maintaining a healthy weight status; and (4) being at least moderately physically active. Conclusion: While a balanced diet, as defined by the recommendations, can help reduce the risk of certain cancers, no single food can prevent the development of this pathology. The term "anticancer" associated with diet is therefore misleading. Several nutritional factors are associated with an increase or a decrease in the risk of certain cancers. Adopting a healthy and plant-based diets, avoiding overweight/obesity, and being physically active are considered as cornerstones of preventive strategies against cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the associations between dietary and lifestyle patterns and cancer. Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Weight status, Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity.

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Ilg, Annette M., Aaron A. Laviana, Mitchell Kamrava, Darlene Veruttipong, Michael Steinberg, Sang-June Park, Michael A. Burke, Douglas Niedzwiecki, Patrick A. Kupelian, and Christopher Saigal. "Time-driven activity-based costing of low-dose-rate and high-dose-rate brachytherapy for low-risk prostate cancer." Brachytherapy 15, no. 6 (November 2016): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2016.08.008.

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Knutsen, S. F., D. L. Thorpe, and W. L. Beeson. "The Effect of Vigorous Physical Activity on Risk of Wrist Fracture Over 25 Years in a Low Risk Cohort." American Journal of Epidemiology 163, suppl_11 (June 1, 2006): S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s147-c.

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50

Balling, Mie, Teresa Holmberg, Christina B. Petersen, Mette Aadahl, Dan W. Meyrowitsch, and Janne S. Tolstrup. "Total sitting time, leisure time physical activity and risk of hospitalization due to low back pain: The Danish Health Examination Survey cohort 2007–2008." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818758843.

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Aims: This study aimed to test the hypotheses that a high total sitting time and vigorous physical activity in leisure time increase the risk of low back pain and herniated lumbar disc disease. Methods: A total of 76,438 adults answered questions regarding their total sitting time and physical activity during leisure time in the Danish Health Examination Survey 2007–2008. Information on low back pain diagnoses up to 10 September 2015 was obtained from The National Patient Register. The mean follow-up time was 7.4 years. Data were analysed using Cox regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. Multiple imputations were performed for missing values. Results: During the follow-up period, 1796 individuals were diagnosed with low back pain, of whom 479 were diagnosed with herniated lumbar disc disease. Total sitting time was not associated with low back pain or herniated lumbar disc disease. However, moderate or vigorous physical activity, as compared to light physical activity, was associated with increased risk of low back pain (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03–1.30 and HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83). Moderate, but not vigorous physical activity was associated with increased risk of herniated lumbar disc disease. Conclusions: The results suggest that total sitting time is not associated with low back pain, but moderate and vigorous physical activity is associated with increased risk of low back pain compared with light physical activity.

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