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Books on the topic 'Low sample size'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Champlain, Andre F. De. Assessing the dimensionality of simulated LSAT item response matrices with small sample sizes and short test lengths. Law School Admission Council, 1999.

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2

Weiss, Helen. Design issues in global mental health trials in low-resource settings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199680467.003.0004.

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In this chapter we outline the key principles in design and analysis of trials for mental health. The chapter focuses on randomized controlled trials as these are the gold-standard trial design, which minimizes confounding due to other factors and enables us to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the intervention. Other key principles of trial design discussed in the chapter include methods to develop a clearly stated, testable research hypothesis, definition of well-defined outcomes, appropriate choice of the control condition, masking of providers and participants where possible, rea

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Yousefshahi, Fardin, Giuliano Michelagnoli, and Juan Francisco Asenjo. Ketamine Use and Opioid-Tolerant Cancer Patients. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0031.

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Pain occurs in up to 70% of cancer patients and it can be challenging to manage. The standard for analgesic therapy is the World Health Organization ladder; however, up to 25% of patients don’t reach a level of comfort using this approach. Ketamine has been recognized as an excellent adjuvant for cancer pain treatment, especially when other analgesics have failed. Some randomized clinical trials have confirmed ketamine’s efficacy in refractory cancer pain, but most had small sample sizes and low power. Some publications have confirmed the beneficial effect of oral, intranasal, subcutaneous, or

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4

Rensmann, Thilo, ed. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in International Economic Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.001.0001.

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While international trade and investment is still dominated by larger multinational enterprises (MNEs), small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly reaching out beyond their traditional domestic habitat. A significant number of SMEs today are engaged in transboundary trade and investment and in the wake of the digital revolution the phenomenon of ‘born global’ SMEs can be increasingly observed. In addition, many SMEs enter the global economy indirectly via global value chains. International economic law, with its traditional focus on MNEs and their interests, is only slowly waki

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5

Anderson, James A. Computing Hardware. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.003.0003.

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Digital computers are built from hardware of great simplicity. First, they are built from devices with two states: on or off, one or zero, high voltage or low voltage, or logical TRUE or FALSE. Second, the devices are connected with extremely fine connections, currently on the order of size of a large virus. Their utility, value, and perceived extreme complexity lie in the software controlling them. Different devices have been used to build computers: relays, vacuum tubes, transistors, and integrated circuits. Theoretically, all can run the same software, only slower or faster. More exotic tec

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6

Stahle, David W., Dorian J. Burnette, Daniel Griffin, and Edward R. Cook. Thirteenth Century AD. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0009.

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The hypothesis that a prolonged drought across southwestern North America in the late thirteenth century contributed to the abandonment of the region by Ancestral Pueblo populations, ultimately including the depopulation of the Mesa Verde region, continues to be a focus of archaeological research in the Pueblo region. We address the hypothesis through the re-measurement of tree-ring specimens from living trees and archaeological wood at Mesa Verde, Colorado, to derive chronologies of earlywood, latewood, and total ring width. The three chronology types all date from AD 480 to 2008 and were use

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Colognesi, Luigi Capogrossi. Ownership and Power in Roman Law. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.40.

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Private ownership played a central role in all periods of Roman society. In its early development, the Roman law of property knew two different ways in which private ownership of res mancipi and res nec mancipi could be transferred. In the late third century BC, the Roman jurists and the praetor were able to distinguish clearly between simple possession and full ownership: dominium ex iure Quiritium. Later on, they separated from this same dominium certain entitlements to use and enjoyment, which they classified as iura in re aliena. On one side, the original bundle of powers of the owner was

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8

Sperling, George, and Zhong-Lin Lu. Objectless Motion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0079.

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The sum of two sine waves of the same frequency is yet another sine wave. When a moving sinewave grating (e.g., continuously translating from left to right) is added to (superimposed on) a stationary sinewave grating (the pedestal) with twice the amplitude, the sum is a sine-wave grating that wobbles back and forth. Remarkably, the left–right direction of the moving grating can be perceived just as accurately in pedestalled motion as in normal motion. At temporal frequencies of 10 Hz and greater, the wobble is too quick to be perceived. The moving pedestalled sine-wave grating is perceived as

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9

Oliva, Aude, and Philippe G. Schyns. Hybrid Image Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0111.

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Artists, designers, photographers, and visual scientists are routinely looking for ways to create, out of a single image, the feeling that there is more to see than what meets the eye. Many well-known visual illusions are dual in nature, causing the viewer to experience two different interpretations of the same image. Hybrid images illustrate a double-image illusion, where different images are perceived depending on viewing distance, viewing duration, or image size: one that appears when the image is viewed up-close (displaying high spatial frequencies) and another that appears from afar (show

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10

Harris, Edward M., and Mirko Canevaro, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199599257.001.0001.

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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Law is a general introduction to the law an

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11

Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Melissa Pearson, and Shuba Kumar. Suicide prevention trials. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199680467.003.0014.

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The majority of suicides occur in LAMIC. This chapter presents findings from two low-cost, feasible interventions aimed at reducing suicides. The Suicide Prevention Multisite Intervention Study (SUPRE-MISS) of WHO assessed the effectiveness of brief intervention and contact (BIC) as an intervention strategy in five countries. Another trial in South India examined the effectiveness of a central pesticide storage facility as a means of reducing pesticide suicides. Some challenges that such trials face are the large sample sizes required to detect a significant change, making them uneconomical an

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12

Wang, Heng. An Asian Perspective on SMEs in International Economic Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.003.0008.

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The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is likely to have profound implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within and beyond the free trade area. The key question will be analysed: what are the challenges and opportunities that the TPP hold for SMEs? It is argued that, first, the key benefits the TPP can be expected to bring for SMEs are enhanced market liberalization and a more predictable regulatory environment. Second, the TPP poses serious challenges for SMEs (eg insufficiency of the opportunities to SMEs, the complexity of rules, difficulties in rule interpretation and impl

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13

Gasbarri, Lorenzo. The Concept of an International Organization in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895790.001.0001.

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Despite their exponential growth in number and activities, international law lacks a comprehensive legal concept of an international organization. The book tackles this topic from the perspective of the legal nature of the legal systems developed by international organizations. It is the first comprehensive study of the different concepts under which international organizations’ legal systems are commonly understood: functionalism, constitutionalism, exceptionalism, informalism. It has a threefold purpose: to trace the historical origins of the different concepts of an international organizati

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14

Nicolae, Alexandru. Word Order and Parameter Change in Romanian. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807360.001.0001.

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The book provides a comprehensive description and in-depth analysis of the major word order changes affecting the clausal and the nominal domains in the transition from old to modern Romanian. The Romanian data are set in a comparative Romance perspective, and the impact of the Balkan Sprachbund and the influence of Old Church Slavonic on the word order changes taking place in the transition from old to modern Romanian are also analysed. The book examines a large number of phenomena: some of them are found across Romance (e.g. scrambling, interpolation, discontinuous constituents, variation in

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15

Hanson, Robin. The Age of Em. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754626.001.0001.

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Robots may one day rule the world, but what is a robot-ruled Earth like? Many think the first truly smart robots will be brain emulations or ems. Scan a human brain, then run a model with the same connections on a fast computer, and you have a robot brain, but recognizably human. Train an em to do some job and copy it a million times: an army of workers is at your disposal. When they can be made cheaply, within perhaps a century, ems will displace humans in most jobs. In this new economic era, the world economy may double in size every few weeks. Some say we can't know the future, especially f

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16

Mncube, Liberty, Thulani Mandiriza, and Michelle Viljoen. Crafting Creative Competition Remedies in South Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810674.003.0010.

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In South Africa, the pursuit of distributive justice is eminently permissible if not compelled by South African Competition Law and its unique responsiveness to issues of distributional equity and fairness. For example, in merger regulation the Competition Act permits consideration of equity issues such as empowerment, employment, and concern for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The Walmart/Massmart case illustrates how the competition authorities have implemented public interest provisions in merger control, while the Pioneer Foods settlement provides an example of crafting creative

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17

Heinrich, Christian, ed. Krisen im Aufschwung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748900337.

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The figures for company insolvencies continue to decline: 9,900 cases in the first half of 2018 compared to 10,250 cases in the same period the previous year. However, the relative significance of insolvencies is increasing. The number of employees affected by them is around 20 per cent, while the commercial losses of 17 million euros caused by them in 2015 rose to 30 million in 2017. This is because middle-sized and large firms are increasingly among the companies going bankrupt, which is resulting in growing legal complexities. At a symposium entitled ‘Krisen im Aufschwung’ (An Upswing in Cr

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18

Matwijkiw, Anja, and Bronik Matwijkiw. Bahrain Anno 2017: Peace or Regime-Change? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0006.

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Transitional justice addresses conflicts and their resolution with the use of a conceptual and normative apparatus that captures, clarifies and, wherever possible, corrects failed states. These undermine values that derive from humanity, the conditio sine qua non for social cohesiveness. Notwithstanding, the six-year anniversary of the 2011 civil unrest in Bahrain is a reminder of the fact that post-conflict success—which entails compliance with the United Nations rule of law standards—is still a contentious issue. Thus, the national rulers’ interest in maintaining the system may continue to c

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19

Cohan, Steven. Imaginary Hollywood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865788.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the back-and-forth shifts in how backstudios have imagined Hollywood as the glamorous site of film production. It first looks at how Hollywood is imagined in early backstudios as a specific locale on or near Hollywood Boulevard and accessible by motor car or bus. This view gets complicated by Hollywood’s also being exemplified by the bounded studio compound, with its restrictiveness and regulation, personified by the guard at the front gate. Finally, by the 1940s, when a studio setting becomes synonymous with Hollywood regardless of its location in the Los Angeles area, H

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20

Tyler, Amanda L. Forging a New Allegiance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199856664.003.0005.

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During the Revolutionary War, the British were not the only side that had to work through difficult questions surrounding the legal status of prisoners. The American states faced the very same questions during the war when detaining British soldiers and the disaffected “Loyalists” among their ranks. In constructing new legal frameworks to govern these matters, the states drew heavily on the English model that had governed before the war and under which so many of their legal elite had trained. This chapter discusses the concept of allegiance, dividing those falling “within protection” and thos

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21

Locatelli, Francesco, Celestina Manzoni, Giuseppe Pontoriero, Vincenzo La Milia, and Salvatore Di Filippo. Haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0260_update_001.

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Many observational studies have consistently shown that high-flux haemodialysis (hf-HD) has positive effects on the survival and morbidity of uraemic patients when compared with low-flux haemodialysis, and mainly considering the results of Membrane Permeability Outcome (MPO) studies there is evidence favouring high-flux treatments. A further improvement in convective treatments is represented by the on-line modality. On-line preparation from fresh dialysate by a cold-sterilizing filtration process is a cost-effective method of providing large volumes of infusion solution. Randomized, controlle

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22

Leuprecht, Christian, and Hayley McNorton. Intelligence as Democratic Statecraft. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893949.001.0001.

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Democracy needs to be defended, and intelligence is the first line of defence. However, the liberal-democratic norm of limited state intervention in the lives of citizens means that security and accountability are in tension insofar as their first principles are diametrically opposed: whereas openness and transparency are hallmarks of democratic governance, operational secrecy—in relation to other states, to democratic society, and to other parts of government—is the essence of intelligence tradecraft. Intelligence accountability reconciles democracy and security through transparent standards,

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23

Dixon, Rosalind, and David Landau. Abusive Constitutional Borrowing. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893765.001.0001.

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We live in a golden age of comparative constitutional law. Liberal democratic ideas have diffused readily around the world, and certain features such as judicial review and constitutional rights are now nearly universal. At the same time, recent years have seen a pronounced trend toward the erosion of democracy. This book argues that the rhetorical triumph of liberal democratic constitutionalism, and the tendency toward democratic retrenchment, are fully consistent phenomena. Legal globalization has a dark side: norms intended to protect and promote liberal democratic constitutionalism can oft

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Johansen, Bruce, and Adebowale Akande, eds. Nationalism: Past as Prologue. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52305/aief3847.

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Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living t

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