Books: 'Low socioeconomic status areas'

1

Socioeconomic mobility and low status minorities: Slow roads to progress. New York: Routledge, 2009.

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2

Mwikisa, Chris Ngenda. Socioeconomic status, health status and health equity: A case study of Zambian households in selected areas. [Lusaka: s.n, 2003.

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3

Currie, Janet M. Is the impact of health shocks cushioned by socioeconomic status?: The case of low birthweight. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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4

Meara, Ellen. Why is health related to socioeconomic status?: The case of pregnancy and low birth weight. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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5

Mwikisa, Chris Ngenda. Is there health equity in Zambia?: A case study : executive summary of socioeconomic status, health status, and health equity : a case study of Zambian households in selected areas. Lusaka, Zambia: Jesuit Centre for Theological Reflection [distributor, 2003.

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6

Wilde, Ralph. Socioeconomic Rights, Extraterritorially. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0020.

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The chapter offers a critical evaluation of the 2011 Maastricht Principles on the Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, using the Principles and its associated Commentary as a case study to assess the potential contribution of international human rights in the struggle against global poverty and economic inequality. The case study is used because, on the fundamental bases for obligation—conceptions of “power” and “cooperation” that will be reviewed herein—the Principles and the Commentary reflect how many international legal experts, not only those associated with the Principles, view the general contours of the law in this area. The chapter argues that this view of the law has a very limited potential to transform global economic relations for the better.

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7

White, Lisa Gail. Comparison of emergent literacy skills in four-year-old children from low and middle socioeconomic status families. 1998.

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8

Martin, Judy Carbage. PREDICTORS OF FUNCTIONAL HEALTH IN LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, COMMUNITY-LIVING BLACK OLDER WOMEN WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS (BLACK WOMEN, WOMEN ELDERLY). 1994.

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9

Keltner, Bette Rusk. THE RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY ROUTINES, HOME ENVIRONMENT, BIRTH ORDER, AND NUMBER OF SIBLINGS WITH PRESCHOOL SOCIAL COMPETENCE AMONG LOW SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS FAMILIES (CHARACTERISTIC). 1985.

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10

Rhimes, Vera P. Cain. An early intervention parent training program: The effects of training low socioeconomic status parents to work with their children in the school and in the home. 1991.

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11

Nielsen, François. Genes and Status Achievement. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.22.

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A number of human traits that are predictive of socioeconomic success (e.g., intelligence, certain personality traits, and educational attainment) or reflective of success (e.g., occupational prestige and earnings) have been found to be substantially affected by individual genetic endowments; some outcomes, such as educational attainment, are also affected by the family environment, although usually to a lesser extent. The associations among status-related traits are themselves largely due to genetic causes. By reshuffling the genes of parents at each generation, sexual reproduction produces a regression of status-relevant traits of offspring toward the population mean—downward for high-status parents, upward for low-status parents—generating social mobility in an achievement-oriented society. Incorporating the quantitative genetic decomposition of trait variance into genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental sources into the classic sociological model of status achievement allows for a better understanding and measurement of central social stratification concepts, such as opportunity and ascription.

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12

World Health Organization (WHO). Handbook on Health Inequality Monitoring: With a Special Focus on Low- and Middle-Income Countries. World Health Organization, 2013.

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13

Sheehy-Skeffington, Jennifer. Decision-Making Up Against the Wall. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0005.

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This chapter provides an overview of research on the behavioral dimension of low socioeconomic status and a set of theoretical and empirical principles for better understanding it. In particular, the chapter focuses on those behaviors that are claimed to exacerbate a situation of poverty or deprivation, such as poor academic performance, myopic financial decisions, early child-bearing, consumption of unhealthy foods, and engaging in unhealthy lifestyle habits. Though such behavioral patterns have been used to make claims as to the defective values or motives of the poor, the chapter argues that studying them rigorously, aided by the experimental method, leads to a more nuanced and accurate picture, in which psychology is systematically shaped by socioeconomic position. After reviewing evidence from education, public health, and behavioral economics concerning the behavioral dimension of low socioeconomic status, the chapter suggests an organizing set of mechanisms that might structure a comprehensive explanatory account of it.

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14

Egger, Eva-Maria, Aslihan Arslan, and Emanuele Zucchini. Does connectivity reduce gender gaps in off-farm employment? Evidence from 12 low- and middle-income countries. 3rd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/937-2.

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Gender gaps in labour force participation in developing countries persist despite income growth or structural change. We assess this persistence across economic geographies within countries, focusing on youth employment in off-farm wage jobs. We combine household survey data from 12 low- and middle-income countries in Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa with geospatial data on population density, and estimate simultaneous probit models of different activity choices across the rural-urban gradient. The gender gap increases with connectivity from rural to peri-urban areas, and disappears in high-density urban areas. In non-rural areas, child dependency does not constrain young women, and secondary education improves their access to off-farm employment. The gender gap persists for married young women independent of connectivity improvements, indicating social norm constraints. Marital status and child dependency are associated positively with male participation, and negatively with female participation; other factors such as education are show a positive association for both sexes. These results indicate entry points for policy.

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15

Massey, Douglas S., and Brandon Wagner. Segregation, Stigma, and Stratification: A Biosocial Model. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.14.

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This chapter reviews research on segregation’s effect in generating concentrated poverty and stigma, and it explores the biological consequences of exposure to these conditions for health and socioeconomic status. High levels of segregation interact with high levels of poverty to produce concentrated poverty for African Americans and Hispanics in many metropolitan areas. In addition to objective circumstances of deprivation, the concentration of poverty also brings about the stigmatization of the segregated group. The differential exposure of Blacks and Hispanics to concentrated neighborhood disadvantage and its correlates, in turn, functions to shorten telomeres, increase allostatic load, and alter gene expression in deleterious ways. In so doing, it compromises health and cognitive ability, the two critical components of human capital formation, thus systematically undermining the socioeconomic prospects of African Americans and Hispanics in today’s post-industrial, information economy.

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16

Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem, and Zeynep Cemalcılar. Context Shapes Human Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0008.

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This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on human behavior by studying the role of the distal environment on developmental processes. Social class, or more specifically socioeconomic status, is an all-encompassing context that has great significance in engulfing human phenomena. This chapter first reviews extant psychological literature on the deleterious effects of low social class on development and presents three studies as cases in point, demonstrating the significant impact of the context and contextual change on behavior. Kağıtçıbaşı’s theory of family change proposes three models of family: family of interdependence, family of independence, and family of emotional interdependence. Parenting, however, directly reflects family characteristics. Thus family change theory has led to a theory of the autonomous-related self. The chapter also presents research illustrating the impact of the objective environment and in particular the detrimental effects of low socioeconomic status on various developmental, social, and academic outcomes of Turkish samples.

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17

Williams, Wendi S., Amy Ginsberg, and Brittney Mandryk. Sociocultural Contexts and Stressors. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.7.

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Racism, sexism, homophobia, and low socioeconomic status (SES) have the potential to affect physical and mental health outcomes and treatment differentially. This chapter examines each of these sociocultural factors, guided by the assumption that an intersectionality analysis is valuable to conceptualizing the consequences of these categories of identity and diversity. The minority stress framework is used to consider the negative effect of carrying a marginalized identity. A review of the literature is presented, highlighting studies that incorporate the multiple and overlapping effects of racism, sexism, homophobia, and low SES to shape mental and physical health outcomes and treatment of individuals. Implications for mental and physical health research and practice are discussed.

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18

Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Special topics in rural health II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0009.

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This chapter looks into another three emerging areas in rural health, namely, border towns, plantation, and nomadic pastoralists. The health status of general population may not be able to fully reflect the health problems of the border towns. As border towns offer work opportunities which may take people across the border, their socioeconomic prospective and health may be affected by the working environments and conditions of another country. In many cases, the population that has settled in the border area is composed of ethnic minorities and tends to be marginalized and neglected by the larger society. Specific issues for individual countries are included and discussed in textbox format.

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19

Oyserman, Daphna, and Oliver Fisher. Social Stigma and Health: An Identity-Based Motivation Perspective. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.11.

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American culture highlights the power of individuals to steer their own course and be masters of their own destiny. In American cultural context, low place in social hierarchy due to low socioeconomic status is taken to imply some deficiency in the persons who occupy this place. This association seems bidirectional: Low place is stigmatizing, and membership in a negatively marked group implies low place in social hierarchy. Low place in social hierarchy limits individuals’ choice and experienced control, influencing identity-based motivational processes. Identity-based motivation theory and its three components: dynamic construction of identity, action-readiness, and procedural-readiness, are used to articulate the health consequences of this interplay. The identities that come to mind and what these identities imply for health is a function of momentary and chronic context. Accessible identities can elicit health-promoting or health-undermining behaviors and interpretations of experienced difficulty. This has implications for intervention.

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20

Puntis, John. Iron deficiency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0009.

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Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting around 5 billion people mostly in developing countries. Risk factors in infants include low birthweight, high cow milk consumption, low intake of iron containing complementary foods, low socioeconomic status, and immigrant status. Developmental delay and poor educational achievement are among the long-term complications. Preventative strategies include promotion of breastfeeding, use of iron-fortified formula if breast milk not available, encouraging intake of iron-rich foods, vitamin C-rich drinks with meals to promote iron absorption, and avoiding whole cow’s milk in the first year of life. Poor response to oral iron treatment is most likely due to poor compliance (iron ingestion may cause abdominal pain diarrhoea or constipation) but should also raise the possibility of underlying disease causing inflammation, malabsorption, or blood loss.

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21

Justino, Patricia. Violent Conflict and Changes in Gender Economic Roles. Edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.7.

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This chapter examines recent empirical evidence on the ways that violent conflict impacts the economic welfare and livelihoods of men and women. It explores how the adaptation to violence profoundly changes gender roles within family structures. It also examines the impact of conflict on female labor market participation in several conflict-affected countries. Though female participation tends to increase during conflict, this participation is restricted to low-skilled jobs, and decreases again post-conflict. Due to social and economic constraints, women struggle to meaningfully raise their socioeconomic status in conflict and post-conflict situations. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of increasing gender-inclusive data analysis for post-conflict economic recovery interventions.

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22

Kölch, Michael, Jörg M. Fegert, and Ulrike M. E. Schulze. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.17.

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In child and adolescent mental health care, the competing goals of protecting young people as a vulnerable population and their increasing legal autonomy constitute a specific ethical problem. Improving care, assessment, and treatment interventions requires research. Research that includes this vulnerable underage population has to be minimally burdensome and harmful and requires the informed consent of both children and parents. Therefore, adherence to evidence-based interventions and weighing the risks and benefits of interventions are of utmost importance in child and adolescent psychiatry. While access to mental health care can vary widely, it is crucial for at-risk populations such as children from families of low socioeconomic status, children of the mentally ill, and, in particular, children in youth welfare systems.

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23

Buckingham, Jane. Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom. Edited by Michael Rembis, Catherine Kudlick, and Kim E. Nielsen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.12.

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Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.

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24

Hesdorffer, Dale C. Epidemiology of Epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0042.

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Epilepsy affects 1 out of every 26 people during their lifetime. Worldwide, the incidence of epilepsy ranges from 28.0/100,000 to 235.5/100,000, with the large variation attributable to differences in methodology across studies. The prevalence of active epilepsy provides important information about the burden of epilepsy in the population and spurs public health planner to assess the needs of the epilepsy population. The active prevalence of epilepsy ranges from 2.4/1,000 to 22.8/1,000 worldwide and more than 65 million people have active epilepsy. Risk factors for childhood-onset and adult-onset epilepsy are discussed, considering epilepsy etiologies (e.g., severe traumatic brain injury), newer risk factors without bidirectional relationships with epilepsy (e.g., low socioeconomic status), risk factors with bidirectional relationships (e.g., psychiatric disorders), and different types of acute symptomatic seizures (e.g., febrile seizures).

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25

Albus, Christian, and Christoph Herrmann-Lingen. Behaviour and motivation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0009.

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Changing one’s lifestyle is difficult and adherence to medication in people at high cardiovascular risk and established cardiovascular disease is low. Lifestyle is usually based on longstanding patterns and is highly determined by social environment and socioeconomic status. Additional factors such as chronic stress, cognitive impairment, and negative emotions (e.g. depression, anxiety) further impede the ability to adopt a healthy lifestyle, as does complex or confusing advice by medical caregivers. In clinical practice, increased awareness of these factors will facilitate empathetic counselling and the provision of simple and explicit advice. Established cognitive-behavioural strategies are important tools to help with behaviour change and medication adherence. Specialized healthcare professionals (e.g. nurses, dieticians, psychologists) should be involved whenever necessary and feasible. Reducing dosage demands to the lowest applicable level is the single most effective means for enhancing adherence to medication.

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26

Albus, Christian, and Christoph Herrmann-Lingen. Behaviour and motivation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0009_update_001.

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Changing one’s lifestyle is difficult and adherence to medication in people at high cardiovascular risk and established cardiovascular disease is low. Lifestyle is usually based on longstanding patterns and is highly determined by social environment and socioeconomic status. Additional factors such as chronic stress, cognitive impairment, and negative emotions (e.g. depression, anxiety) further impede the ability to adopt a healthy lifestyle, as does complex or confusing advice by medical caregivers. In clinical practice, increased awareness of these factors will facilitate empathetic counselling and the provision of simple and explicit advice. Established cognitive-behavioural strategies are important tools to help with behaviour change and medication adherence. Specialized healthcare professionals (e.g. nurses, dieticians, psychologists) should be involved whenever necessary and feasible. Reducing dosage demands to the lowest applicable level is the single most effective means for enhancing adherence to medication.

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27

Alcántara, Carmen, Cindy D. Estevez, and Margarita Alegría. Latino and Asian Immigrant Adult Health. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.14.

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Over 81% of US immigrants were born in a Latin American, Caribbean, or Asian country. The “immigrant paradox” is the long-standing observation in medical and social science research that immigrants exhibit better health profiles than US natives, despite their disproportionate concentration in low socioeconomic status positions. While the empirical evidence suggests that immigrant health advantages deteriorate with greater duration of US residence and across subsequent generations, the role of acculturation within the immigrant paradox is unclear. Herein, we summarize the contemporary health literature on Latino and Asian US immigrant adults (the two largest US immigrant subpopulations), review explanations for the immigrant paradox (psychosocial and behavioral, sociological, and methodological explanations), and discuss important trends and implications for health promotion and disease prevention. Systematic research to identify determinants of US immigrant health, including their sociodemographic and life-course modifiers, may help uncover promising intervention targets for health promotion and positive adaptation.

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28

Ismail, Khalida, Calum D. Moulton, Andrea Danese, and Brenda W. Penninx. A life course approach to understanding the association between depression and type 2 diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789284.003.0002.

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The relationship between depression and type 2 diabetes is bidirectional and poorly explained by behavioural factors alone. Chronic activation of the innate immune system provides a promising mechanism by which both conditions could develop concurrently across the life course. Genetically, overlap between depression and type 2 diabetes has been reported by twin studies, although not yet at the genome-wide significance level. In utero, activation of inflammatory processes may impact on neurodevelopment of appetite and mood regulation. In early childhood, prolonged adversity is associated with subsequent elevated inflammation, depression, and obesity, which may be amplified by unhealthy lifestyle choices in adolescence. Finally, prolonged low socioeconomic status into adulthood is associated with chronically elevated inflammation and incident type 2 diabetes. In sum, a lifespan approach to the comorbidity of depression and type 2 diabetes offers novel opportunities for timely intervention and even for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.

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29

Hechtman, Lily, ed. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.001.0001.

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The book provides a comprehensive summary of the best known and most highly respected well-controlled long-term prospective follow-up studies in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These studies followed children with ADHD and matched controls into young adulthood (mean age 20–25 years) and middle age (mean age 41 years). They explore a wide variety of clinically relevant outcome areas, such as education, occupation, emotional and psychiatric functioning, substance use and abuse, sexual behavior, and legal problems. One chapter focuses particularly on the outcome of girls with ADHD. The book also explores possible predictors of adult outcome. A whole chapter is devoted to treatment (medication and psychosocial) as a predictor of outcome. In addition to treatment, predictors explored include characteristics of the child (e.g., IQ, severity of initial ADHD symptoms, initial comorbidity) and characteristics of the family (e.g., socioeconomic status, single parenthood, parental pathology, and family functioning). A summary chapter explores the impact and importance of these predictors in various outcome areas, such as education, occupation, emotional/social functioning, antisocial behavior, substance use and abuse, and risky sexual and driving behaviors. Professionals and the general public will come away with a clear view of what can happen to children with ADHD as they proceed through adolescence and adulthood. The book also addresses important prognostic and predictive factors in treatment approaches to ensure better long-term outcome in patients with ADHD.

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Books on the topic 'Low socioeconomic status areas'

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