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Moore, Latetia V., Ana V. Diez Roux, Kelly R. Evenson, Aileen P. McGinn, and Shannon J. Brines. "Availability of Recreational Resources in Minority and Low Socioeconomic Status Areas." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34, no. 1 (January 2008): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.021.
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Djekic, Demir, Oskar Angerås, Georg Lappas, Erika Fagman, Björn Fagerberg, Göran Bergström, and Annika Rosengren. "Impact of socioeconomic status on coronary artery calcification." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 25, no. 16 (August 10, 2018): 1756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487318792103.
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Background Low socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, but few studies have investigated the potential link between living in an area with a low versus a high socioeconomic status and coronary artery calcification, a marker of subclinical coronary artery disease. Design The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. Methods We evaluated 1067 participants with no history of coronary artery disease from the pilot phase of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Men and women aged 50–64 years were recruited from three high-socioeconomic status ( n = 541) and three low-socioeconomic status ( n = 526) areas in the city of Gothenburg (550,000 inhabitants). The coronary artery calcification score was assessed with the Agatston method using computed tomography, with individuals classified into either no coronary calcification ( n = 625; mean age, 57 years) or any coronary artery calcification ( n = 442; mean age, 59 years (men, 68.5%)). Results Coronary artery calcification was present in 244 (46.3%) and 198 (36.6%) individuals from the low- and high-socioeconomic status areas, respectively. Participants from the low-socioeconomic status areas had a significantly higher risk factor burden. In a multivariable logistic regression model with adjustment for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors, the odds for coronary artery calcification were not significantly higher among persons living in low-socioeconomic status areas (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.87–1.60). Conclusion In this relatively small cross-sectional study, we observed an association between living in a low-socioeconomic status area and coronary artery calcification. However, this was mostly explained by higher levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors, indicating that the effect of socioeconomic status on the atherosclerotic process works through an increased burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Fofonoff, Emily. "How Socioeconomic Status Influences Fathers’ Involvement with their Children and the Cycle it Produces." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 10, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29342.
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The intent of this paper is to examine the current evidence that fathers of lower socioeconomic status are less involved with their children in areas such as childrearing, homework help, and supporting the family emotionally and financially. Other areas covered in this paper include the possible reasons and theories as to why low socioeconomic status tends to lead to low father involvement. The effects of low father involvement on the children is also discussed, and this concept is furthered in order to explain the cycle of socioeconomic status that these effects create. Possible solutions are derived using the current theories, the intent of which are to help solve this problematic cycle. This paper also includes extensions beyond the scope of low and middle socioeconomic status fathers to include high socioeconomic status fathers.
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McGurn, Andrew, Brittany Watchmaker, Kaavya Adam, Jeff Ni, Piotr Babinski, Hannah Friedman, Bridget Boyd, Lara R. Dugas, and Talar Markossian. "Socioeconomic Status and Determinants of Pediatric Antibiotic Use." Clinical Pediatrics 60, no. 1 (August 4, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922820941629.
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Introduction. Evidence suggests that early-life antibiotic use can alter gut microbiome, predisposing children to obesity. The obesity epidemic has a disproportionate effect on individuals from lower socioeconomic status (SES). Thus, this study aims to explore the link between SES and antibiotic use. Design. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all babies born at and receiving 2 or more outpatient visits at a large, suburban health system in Illinois (United States) between 2007 and 2017. We collected data on zip code as a proxy for SES and antibiotic use in the first year of life. We also obtained comorbid diagnosis codes, race/ethnicity, gender, and number of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department visits. Results. A total of 7224 patients met our study criteria. Children from low-poverty areas received a lifetime average of 4.28 prescriptions, while those from high-poverty neighborhoods received an average of 3.31 prescriptions. This was statistically significant in our unadjusted analysis but not after adjusting for covariates. Children from high-poverty areas were significantly more likely to receive more antibiotics at 48 hours, 1 week, and 1 month of life in our unadjusted analysis, but not after adjusting for covariates. In our unadjusted and adjusted analyses, children from high-poverty areas were significantly more likely to have received antibiotics at 1 week of life. Conclusion. The relationship between SES and antibiotic use warrants further investigation to help elucidate possible causes of the disproportionate impact obesity has in low-income communities.
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Koskela, Lauri O., Lasse V. Raatiniemi, and Janne H. Liisanantti. "How does socioeconomic status affect the incidence of hospital-treated poisonings? A retrospective study." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 3 (October 19, 2019): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz179.
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Abstract Background Hospital-treated poisonings have a good outcome in general. The role of regional differences and socioeconomic status has been established in intensive care admissions and various causes of death, but not yet in hospital-treated poisonings. We set out to determine whether the incidence of hospital-treated poisonings is affected by the annual income of the residential area. Methods All poisonings in Northern Ostrobothnia region of Finland treated in Oulu University Hospital during 2013–2016 were studied. Oulu University Hospital is the primary hospital in the area. Postal code areas of the county were categorized on the basis of their median annual net income as low-, middle- and high-income areas. Results A total of 2142 poisoning cases were studied. The number of individual patients was 1525. In the low-income areas, the crude incidence of poisonings was more than 2-fold when compared with the middle- and high-income areas. In adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, the incidence in the low-income areas was almost 3-fold compared with the other two categories at 335/100 000/year (95% CI, 236–463). Four patients (0.2%) died during the hospital stay and 50 patients (2.3%) died within 6 months from the last admission. Conclusions The incidence of hospital-treated poisoning was at least 2-fold in low-income areas when compared with middle- or high-income areas. For adolescent population from 13 to 17 years, the incidence in low-income areas was almost 3-fold when compared with other areas.
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Uma, Shanmugasundaram, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Kailapuri G. Murugavel, Aylur K. Srikrishnan, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Santhanam Anand, Jebaraj Anitha Cecelia, et al. "Bacterial vaginosis in women of low socioeconomic status living in slum areas in Chennai, India." Sexual Health 3, no. 4 (2006): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06036.
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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginitis among women of childbearing age. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of BV and its association with sexually transmitted infections among 487 women of low socioeconomic status. Blood, vaginal and endocervical swabs were tested for HIV, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Treponema pallidum, BV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Trichomonas vaginalis. Of the women screened for BV, 120 (25, 95% CI 20.8–28.4) were positive and 40 (8.2, 95% CI 5.8–10.6) were intermediate. Bacterial vaginosis was significantly associated with age >25 (P = 0.014) and sexual experience (P = 0.085). Bacterial vaginosis was also related to concurrent infections with T. vaginalis (relative risk (RR) = 6.6, 95% CI 2.8–15.5, P = 0.000) and HSV-2 (RR = 2, 95% CI 1.3–2.9; P = 0.0031). The role of other possible risk factors needs to be explored.
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Esfandyari, Mehdi, Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany, and Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani. "Varzaghan Earthquake Affected Mothers’ and Their Newborns’ Health More Severely, in Socioeconomically Vulnerable Area." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 03 (October 8, 2018): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.96.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to compare the pregnancy status of the pregnant women and birth status of their newborns, socioeconomic status, and access to health services, between high- and low-damage areas in Heris, affected by the Varzaghan Earthquake, 2012.MethodsThe study was conducted on pregnant women at any trimester of pregnancy (with complete medical profiles in local health centers) in August 2012 (time of the earthquake) who lived in Heris and delivered up to March 2013. Data were obtained on pregnancy- and infant-related variables, housing, socioeconomic status, and access to health services, including food supplies, before and after the earthquake.ResultsFamily income and mothers’ education were lower in highly damaged areas. Among these women, underweight at first trimester of pregnancy was higher, and weight gain during the last trimester was lower, compared with low-damage regions. Preterm delivery was higher in low-damage areas. Birth indices of the infants were not significantly different between the 2 areas; however, in highly damaged areas, moderate malnutrition was more prevalent among children under 1 year (weight-for-age) and under 2 years (height-for-age).ConclusionsSocioeconomic status of mothers was lower in highly damaged areas and might have played a role in their own and newborns’ health status. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13: 511-518)
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Hatløy, Anne, Jesper Hallund, Modibo M. Diarra, and Arne Oshaug. "Food variety, socioeconomic status and nutritional status in urban and rural areas in Koutiala (Mali)." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 1 (March 2000): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000628.
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AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the associations between the food variety score (FVS), dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status of children, and to assess the associations between FVS, DDS and socioeconomic status (SES) on a household level. The study also assessed urban and rural differences in FVS and DDS.Design: Cross-sectional studies in 1994/95, including a simplified food frequency questionnaire on food items used in the household the previous day. A socioeconomic score was generated, based on possessions in the households. Weight and height were measured for all children aged 6–59 months in the households, and anthropometric indices were generated.Subjects and setting: Three hundred and twenty-nine urban and 488 rural households with 526 urban and 1789 rural children aged 6–59 months in Koutiala County, Sikasso Region, Mali.Results: Children from urban households with a low FVS or DDS had a doubled risk (OR>2) for being stunted and underweight. Those relations were not found in the rural area. There was an association between SES and both FVS and DDS on the household level in both areas. The FVS and DDS in urban households with the lowest SES were higher than the FVS and DDS among the rural households with the highest SES.Conclusions: Food variety and dietary diversity seem to be associated with nutritional status (weight/age and height/age) of children in heterogeneous communities, as our data from urban areas showed. In rural areas, however, this association could not be shown. Socioeconomic factors seem to be important determinants for FVS and DDS both in urban and rural areas. FVS and DDS are useful variables in assessing the nutritional situation of households, particular in urban areas.
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Campbell, Emily E., Jason Gilliland, Paula D. N. Dworatzek, Barbra De Vrijer, Debbie Penava, and Jamie A. Seabrook. "SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND ADVERSE BIRTH OUTCOMES: A POPULATION-BASED CANADIAN SAMPLE." Journal of Biosocial Science 50, no. 1 (March 8, 2017): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000062.
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SummaryThis study assessed the strength of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) in Southwestern Ontario. Utilizing perinatal and neonatal databases at the London Health Science Centre, maternal postal codes were entered into a Geographic Information System to determine home neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods were defined by dissemination areas (DAs). Median household income for each DA was extracted from the latest Canadian Census and linked to each mother. All singleton infants born between February 2009 and February 2014 were included. Of 26,654 live singleton births, 6.4% were LBW and 9.7% were PTB. Top risk factors for LBW were: maternal amphetamine use, chronic hypertension and maternal marijuana use (OR respectively: 17.51, 3.18, 2.72); previously diagnosed diabetes, maternal narcotic use and insulin-controlled gestational diabetes predicted PTB (OR respectively: 17.95, 2.69, 2.42). Overall, SES had little impact on adverse birth outcomes, although low maternal education increased the likelihood of a LBW neonate (OR: 1.01).
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Shakeel, Roheen, Aliya Ishaque, Aaqil Malik, Shahzad Waheed Qureshi, Gulrez Amin, Faisal Ali Baloch, and Amina Tariq. "Association of maternal oral health with early childhood caries among rural areas of Punjab." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571578.
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Aim: To explore the relationship between oral health status of mothers and caries prevalence of caries among their children in rural areas of Pakistan. Methodology: This crossectional study was conducted in 9 rural health centers of Punjab, Pakistan. Purposive convenient sampling was used to collect data. Sample size was 500 mothers with their children. Results: Socioeconomic status of family as well as the purpose for the last visit at dental hospital for the treatment of child were found positively linked with the dmfs of child. Sample of children at very low socioeconomic status (OR: 2.16; 95%CI: 1.36-2.98). Children who visited dental hospital with the reason of having dental problems (OR: 1.89; 95%CI: 1.25-2.59). Greater dmfs score was found among children with poor oral hygiene (OR: 1.98; 95%CI: 1.27-3.25). The education of mother was found to be negatively linked with dmfs score of child. Conclusion: The relationship between maternal and dental caries in children was clearly explained by socioeconomic status or dental behaviors of mother and child in terms of intake of sugar, oral hygiene and reason for last dental visit for child. Keywords: Maternal oral health, dmfs, childhood carries
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Ferrada-Noli, Marcello, and Marie Åsberg. "Psychiatric Health, Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Factors among Suicides in Stockholm." Psychological Reports 81, no. 1 (August 1997): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.1.323.
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The suicide statistics for two high-income areas and two low-income areas of Stockholm county, with, respectively, low and high proportions of immigrant residents, were compared on health and socioeconomic factors to ascertain whether differences in such indicators might explain the overrepresentation of immigrants previously found by us in cases of definite and undetermined suicide. The findings can be summarised as follows (1) The suicide rate was higher in the low-income areas, irrespective of ethnicity, and highest in the immigrant population of the low-income areas which accounted for 82% of all immigrants in the areas studied. (2) The suicide rate was inversely correlated with the respective figures for mean municipality-income indices. (3) Over the 4-yr. study period, the annual suicide rate increased among immigrants and decreased among native Swedes. (4) Of all categories investigated, immigrants from the low-income areas were characterised by the highest suicide rate (39 per 100,000) and the lowest mean annual income among the suicide victims (77.7), and native Swedes from the high-income areas by the lowest suicide rate (16.2) and the highest mean income (254.1). (5) The low-income areas manifested also lower mean duration of hospitalisation in primary care and psychiatric facilities, although the frequency of psychiatric consultations was higher in low- than in high-income areas. Imerrelations among low income, immigrant status, and poor benefit of psychiatric care suggest that proneness to suicidal behaviour among immigrants may have a social psychiatric explanation.
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Singh, Mrigendra Pal, Kalyan Brata Saha, Sunil Kumar Chand, and Deepali Savargaonkar. "Socioeconomic determinants of community knowledge and practice in relation to malaria in high- and low-transmission areas of central India." Journal of Biosocial Science 52, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000440.
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AbstractThis study was undertaken with an aim of exploring community knowledge and treatment practices related to malaria and their determinants in high- and low-transmission areas of central India. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2015 and January 2016 in two high- and two low-malaria-endemic districts of central India. A total of 1470 respondents were interviewed using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. Respondents residing in high-transmission areas with higher literacy levels, and of higher socioeconomic status, were found to practise more modern preventive measures than those living in low-transmission areas with low literacy levels and who were economically poor. Level of literacy, socioeconomic status and area (district) of residence were found to be the main factors affecting people’s knowledge of malaria aetiology and clinical features, and prevention and treatment practices, in this community in central India.
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Chen, Ruoling, Zhi Hu, Li Wei, and Kenneth Wilson. "Socioeconomic status and survival among older adults with dementia and depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 204, no. 6 (June 2014): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.134734.
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BackgroundPeople from lower socioeconomic groups have a higher risk of mortality. The impact of low socioeconomic status on survival among older adults with dementia and depression remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the association between socioeconomic status and mortality in people with dementia and late-life depression in China.MethodUsing Geriatric Mental Status – Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS-AGECAT) we interviewed 2978 people aged ⩾60 years in Anhui, China. We characterised baseline socioeconomic status and risk factors and diagnosed 223 people with dementia and 128 with depression. All-cause mortality was followed up over 5.6 years.ResultsIndividuals with dementia living in rural areas had a three times greater risk of mortality (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.96, 95% CI 1.45–6.04) than those in urban areas, and for those with depression the HR was 4.15 (95% CI 1.59–10.83). There were similar mortality rates when comparing people with dementia with lowv.high levels of education, occupation and income, but individuals with depression with lowv.high levels had non-significant increases in mortality of 11%, 50% and 55% respectively.ConclusionsOlder adults with dementia and depression living in rural China had a significantly higher risk of mortality than urban counterparts. Interventions should be implemented in rural areas to tackle survival inequality in dementia and depression.
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McWhannell, Nicola, Carmel Triggs, and Samantha Moss. "Perceptions and measurement of playtime physical activity in English primary school children: The influence of socioeconomic status." European Physical Education Review 25, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x17743048.
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Children in areas of low socioeconomic status might face barriers to physical activity during school playtime in comparison to their high socioeconomic status counterparts. However, limited research within the area currently prevents evidence-based interventions from being targeted appropriately. This exploratory study aimed to assess and compare playtime physical activity levels and perceptions of physical activity in primary school children from two schools of different socioeconomic status. Fifty-three children wore an accelerometer during playtime for three school days while 33 children participated in single-sex focus groups to elicit their experiences of physical activity during playtime. Results revealed that children from the low socioeconomic status school spent more time in sedentary activities ( P = 0.001) and spent less time in moderate and moderate to vigorous physical activity ( P = 0.001) than children from the high socioeconomic status school. Despite some between-school similarities in their perceptions of physical activity, differences resonated in their reasons for taking part in physical activity, perceptions of the play environment and ideas to improve physical activity. These findings contribute to current research and provide in-depth information from active users of the play environment that could be useful to inform new interventions for schools of varying socioeconomic status.
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Bilal, Usama, Manuel Franco, Bryan Lau, David Celentano, and Thomas Glass. "Measuring neighbourhood social and economic change for urban health studies." Urban Studies 57, no. 6 (November 12, 2019): 1301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019880754.
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Neighbourhood change is a complex phenomenon. To study its consequences for health outcomes, we developed a measure of neighbourhood social and economic change for all census tracts ( n = 2272) in the entire city of Madrid (Spain) in two epochs (2005–2009 and 2009–2013). We used a finite mixture modelling approach with 16 indicators from several administrative sources. We found four types of neighbourhoods: Decreasing Socioeconomic Status (SES) areas with increased diversity and decreased socioeconomic status; New Housing/Gentrification areas with high residential mobility, new housing construction and with markers of gentrification in the crisis epoch; Increasing SES areas with increased socioeconomic status and decreased diversity; and Aging areas with an aging population, low residential mobility and no new construction. We describe the baseline predictors of these types of change, finding that there is a potential widening of socioeconomic gaps, as Increasing SES areas start with higher SES, and Decreasing SES areas start with lower SES. We found a change in the spatial distribution of these types between the first and second epochs, as New Housing/Gentrification areas became more common in the centre of the city. We discuss two potential applications of this type of model to the study of the consequences of residential environment changes for health determinants and health outcomes, with a particular emphasis on retail food environments and diabetes incidence.
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Camacho-Mercado, Clara L., Raúl Figueroa, Heriberto Acosta, Steven E. Arnold, and Irving E. Vega. "Profiling of Alzheimer’s disease patients in Puerto Rico: A comparison of two distinct socioeconomic areas." SAGE Open Medicine 4 (January 1, 2016): 205031211562782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312115627826.
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Objective: The Latino/Hispanic community in the United States is at higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease than other ethnic groups. Specifically, Caribbean Hispanics showed a more severe Alzheimer’s disease symptomatology than any other ethnic group. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease in Puerto Rico is higher than that reported in the United States. Moreover, the mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease was higher among Puerto Rican living in Puerto Rico than those in the mainland United States. There is also a differential geographical distribution of mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease in Puerto Rico, which may be associated with differential socioeconomic status and/or access to healthcare. However, there is no information regarding the clinical profile of Alzheimer’s disease patients in Puerto Rico. Methods: Here, we present the results of a retrospective study directed to profile Alzheimer’s disease patients clustered into two groups based on areas previously determined with low (Metro Region) and high (Northwest-Central Region) mortality rate associated with Alzheimer’s disease in Puerto Rico. Results: Significant difference in the age-at-diagnosis and years of education was found among patients within the two studied regions. Despite these differences, both regions showed comparable levels of initial and last Mini Mental State Examination scores and rate of cognitive decline. Significant difference was also observed in the occurance of co-morbidities associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusions: The differential profile of Alzheimer’s disease patients correlated with differences in socioeconomic status between these two regions, suggesting that covariant associated with social status may contribute to increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Further studies should be conducted to determine the role of socioeconomic factors and healthy living practices as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Filoche, Sara K., Simon Snook, and Beverley A. Lawton. "Exploring access to vasectomy services: a case study of funding in Counties Manukau." Journal of Primary Health Care 9, no. 1 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc16033.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Although vasectomy rates in New Zealand have been reported as among the highest worldwide, there is limited information about who is receiving these services and how they are being accessed. This information is needed to develop equitable access to vasectomy services. AIM To describe the ethnicity and socioeconomic status of men accessing District Health Board-funded and self-funded vasectomies in Counties Manukau. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of provider data linked to ethnicity and area deprivation as an indicator of socioeconomic status. RESULTS Of 332 vasectomies, 66% were for New Zealand European men. Socioeconomic status was not associated with the number of procedures for New Zealand European men, but of the Māori and Pacific men who underwent vasectomies, most lived in the greatest areas of deprivation; 58% (18/31) and 50% (12/24), respectively. When vasectomies were funded, the number of procedures doubled for men from areas of high deprivation. The number of procedures was low for men of other ethnicities. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate differential access to vasectomies by ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Funding vasectomies may provide community benefits in terms of improving equity in access and alleviating a financial burden for many families living in areas of high deprivation.
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Ameera, Neesa, and Mohd Nor Shahizan Ali. "THE LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (LES) ADVERTISING SCHEMATA REALITY DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT STIMULI ADVERTISING SCHEMATA (MINDSET) OF THE LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (LES) COMMUNITY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7229.
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Purpose of Study: This study aims to examine how the reality digital environment stimulate the advertising schemata (mindset) of the LES community in Malaysia. This study also measures the advertising literacy of the LES community based on the two literacy models; cognitive model of media literacy and advertising literacy model in relation to flyposting.
Methodology: To represent the low-income distribution, respondents from the Public Housing Program (PHP) were selected. This study used the survey method as a research design by distributing questionnaires which acts as the research instrument for data acquisition from a total of 574 respondents from five areas of Public Housing Program (PHP) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The advertising literacy instrument was used as the main tool to examine the advertising schemata and to measure the advertising literacy in relation to the flyposting phenomena amongst the low-income community.
Main findings: The LES community are comprised of highly advertising literate individuals despite having low academic qualifications and low income due to technological factors. This study also identifies the significant relationship between the digital environment and the advertising schemata of the LES community since both aspects reinforce each other in explaining the media issues available in the society today. The LES community are able to access, analyse, evaluate, analyse, and construct their own meaning towards the advertisements available today.
Applications of this study: This study is beneficial in contributing to the development of mass media and communication field specifically in the area of advertising literacy. The discussion provided in this study adds on to the debate of the current advertising research and presents consequent implications for the communication and advertising field.
Novelty/Originality: This study has successfully developed an advertising literacy instrument based on two literacy models; cognitive model of media literacy and advertising literacy model. All the indicators tested in the instrument have its own strength in determining the advertising literacy level in the context of flyposting. Hence, the findings in this study may be beneficial to and act as a framework or a limitation for other similar studies in future.
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Quine, Susan, Richard Taylor, and Lillian Hayes. "Australian trends in mortality by socioeconomic status using NSW small area data, 1970–89." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 4 (October 1995): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000023026.
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SummaryThis ecological study examines trends in socioeconomic differentials in mortality in New South Wales, Australia, over a 20-year period (1970–89). The proportion unskilled was used as the indicator of socioeconomic status and its selection justified. Using census data aggregated by Local Government Area, the relationship between mortality and socioeconomic status was examined using quintiles based on the proportion unskilled in the population. Local Government Areas were also sorted into quintiles using mortality rates (0–74 years) to describe change in mortality differentials over time. Socioeconomic differentials were more evident in the relatively homogeneous Local Government Areas within the Sydney Statistical Division than in the remaining NSW Statistical Divisions which are more heterogeneous and predominantly rural. Although there has been an overall decline in mortality for males and females, and for high and low status groups, over this period the relative socioeconomic differentials have not declined. For the most recent period (1985–89) there appears to be some widening of differentials for males. The NSW state trends are generally similar to those reported for Britain and for other industrialised countries, suggesting that this is a common trend and that policies to reduce inequalities have not been effective.
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Tsai, Kuan-Yi, Tieh-Chi Chung, Ching-Chih Lee, Yu-Mei Chou, Chao-Yueh Su, Shih-Pei Shen, Ching-Heng Lin, and Frank Huang-Chih Chou. "Is low individual socioeconomic status (SES) in high-SES areas the same as low individual SES in low-SES areas: a 10-year follow-up schizophrenia study." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, no. 1 (June 2, 2013): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0716-9.
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Drahota, Amy, Richard Sadler, Christopher Hippensteel, Brooke Ingersoll, and Lauren Bishop. "Service deserts and service oases: Utilizing geographic information systems to evaluate service availability for individuals with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 8 (June 22, 2020): 2008–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320931265.
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Autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring symptoms often require lifelong services. However, access to autism spectrum disorder services is hindered by a lack of available autism spectrum disorder providers. We utilized geographic information systems methods to map autism spectrum disorder provider locations in Michigan. We hypothesized that (1) fewer providers would be located in less versus more populated areas; (2) neighborhoods with low versus high socioeconomic status would have fewer autism spectrum disorder providers; and (3) an interaction would be found between population and socioeconomic status such that neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status and high population would have few available autism spectrum disorder providers. We compiled a list of autism spectrum disorder providers in Michigan, geocoded the location of providers, and used network analysis to assess autism spectrum disorder service availability in relation to population distribution, socioeconomic disadvantage, urbanicity, and immobility. Hypotheses were supported. Individuals in rural neighborhoods had fewer available autism spectrum disorder providers than individuals in suburban and urban neighborhoods. In addition, neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic status disadvantage had fewer autism spectrum disorder providers available. Finally, statistically significant spatial disparities were found; wealthier suburbs had good provider availability while few providers were available in poorer, urban neighborhoods. Knowing autism spectrum disorder providers’ availability, and neighborhoods that are service deserts, presents the opportunity to utilize evidence-based dissemination and implementation strategies that promote increased autism spectrum disorder providers for underserved individuals. Lay abstract Autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring symptoms often require lifelong services. However, access to autism spectrum disorder services is hindered by a lack of available autism spectrum disorder providers. We utilized geographic information systems methods to map autism spectrum disorder provider locations in Michigan. We hypothesized that (1) fewer providers would be located in less versus more populated areas; (2) neighborhoods with low versus high socioeconomic status would have fewer autism spectrum disorder providers; and (3) an interaction would be found between population and socioeconomic status such that neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status and high population would have few available autism spectrum disorder providers. We compiled a list of autism spectrum disorder providers in Michigan, geocoded the location of providers, and used network analysis to assess autism spectrum disorder service availability in relation to population distribution, socioeconomic disadvantage, urbanicity, and immobility. Individuals in rural neighborhoods had fewer available autism spectrum disorder providers than individuals in suburban and urban neighborhoods. In addition, neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic status disadvantage had fewer autism spectrum disorder providers available. Finally, wealthier suburbs had good provider availability while few providers were available in poorer, urban neighborhoods. Knowing autism spectrum disorder providers’ availability, and neighborhoods that are particularly poorly serviced, presents the opportunity to utilize evidence-based dissemination and implementation strategies that promote increased autism spectrum disorder providers for underserved individuals.
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Bharati, Premananda, Suparna Shome, Suman Chakrabarty, Susmita Bharati, and Manoranjan Pal. "Burden of Anemia and its Socioeconomic Determinants among Adolescent Girls in India." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30, no. 3 (September 2009): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650903000302.
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Background Anemia is still one of India's major public health problems, especially among adolescent girls. Objective To investigate the severity and distribution of anemia among Indian adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years and its association with socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors. Methods The study used data from the District Level Household Survey, round II, 2002–04, conducted under the Reproductive and Child Health Project. Data were collected on hemoglobin along with socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors of the households. The survey covered rural and urban areas of 35 states or union territories. Data from 177,670 adolescent girls were analyzed. Results The highest prevalence of anemia (99.9%) was observed in Jharkhand in eastern India. The prevalence in the northeastern states was relatively low. The highest prevalence rates were observed among older girls (15 to 19 years), illiterate girls living in rural areas, girls in illiterate households, girls from households with a low standard of living, non-Christian girls, girls from Scheduled Tribes, girls living in west India, and married girls. The highest percentages of girls with normal hemoglobin were reported among Christian Scheduled Tribes (39.4%) and among girls in northeastern India (40.1%). Analysis by binary ordered logistic regression showed that anemia status did not depend on urban or rural residence or on age. Conclusions Enhancement of the economic status of families, especially poor families, is a prerequisite to the amelioration of anemia among adolescent girls. The level of education of the girls is also a major factor.
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Gu, Yuxuan, Hengjin Dong, and Minzhuo Huang. "PD22 Behavioral Factors Mediating Between Socioeconomic Status And Obesity." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318002982.
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Introduction:China has the largest obese population in the world and its prevalence is increasing faster and faster. The researchers are investigating the association between the socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity in several ways. However, SES may not only play a direct impact on obesity but influences health behaviors which, in turn, affect obesity. The mediating factors have rarely been studied. This study investigates the association between SES and obesity mediated by behavioral factors among adults in China.Methods:The longitudinal data including 110,449 individuals were obtained from the eight waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991–2011. The outcome of obesity was measured using Body Mass Index (BMI). The SES factors include education and income (low, medium and high). Mediating factors include alcohol consumption, smoking status, diet and physical activity. A variety of statistical models were used to investigate the association between SES and obesity. Age/gender-adjusted prevalence of obesity was calculated and multiple-logistic regression was used.Results:To some extent, SES influenced BMI directly, positively in men and inversely in women, respectively. SES may also operate through behavioral factors. These associations were not always straightforward, and changes in SES might create some offsetting risks. Behavioral factors including alcohol consumption, smoking status, diet and physical activity were associated with SES indicators in all groups. In addition, the prevalence was higher in urban areas than rural areas in China. Several pathways for different SES groups leading to obesity were simulated.Conclusions:Higher SES groups are more likely to have higher BMI compared to lower SES groups. Different SES groups have different significant mediating risk factors. The pathways between SES and obesity are complex. This study suggests that it is necessary to apply different interventions to different SES individuals especially focused on the disadvantaged populations according to their different behaviors and preference.
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Thapa, Baburam Dixit, Mohan Chandra Regmi, and R. Rai. "Risk Factors for Adverse Outcome in Pregnant Women with Obstructed Labor." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i1.21614.
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Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for adverse outcomes in pregnancy with obstructed labor.Methods: It was a prospective descriptive study conducted at BP Koirala Institute of Health sciences (BPKIHS).The patients with obstructed labour were managed and followed up until delivery and six weeks postpartum from Jan to Dec 2012.Results: There were 57 (0.6%) cases of obstructed labour out of 9500 deliveries. The main cause was cephalopelvic disproportion in 36 (63.2%). The majority of the cases were from rural areas, low socioeconomic status, non salaried and illiterate. Risk for maternal mortality, peripartum hysterectomy and perinatal mortality as adverse outcomes was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status (AOR 12.5, P=0.02) and literacy status (AOR 21.9, P=0.001). If only the risk of perinatal mortality is taken as an adverse outcome, it is significantly associated with booking status (AOR 7, P=0.001), low socioeconomic status (AOR 9.62, P=0.037) and literacy of the patient (AOR 15, P=0.001). Perinatal mortality rate was 100 per 1000 live births in women with obstructed labour. The case fatality rate was 1.2%.
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Sjöholm, Pauline, Katja Pahkala, Belinda Davison, Markus Juonala, and Gurmeet Singh. "Socioeconomic status, remoteness and tracking of nutritional status from childhood to adulthood in an Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort: the ABC study." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e033631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033631.
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ObjectivesTo determine prevalences of underweight and overweight as well as low and high waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in three prospective follow-ups and to explore tracking of these measures of nutritional status from childhood to adolescence and adulthood. The influence of socioeconomic status, remoteness, maternal body mass index (BMI) and birth weight on weight status was assessed.DesignLongitudinal birth cohort study of Indigenous Australians.SettingData derived from three follow-ups of the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study with mean ages of 11.4, 18.2 and 25.4 years for the participants.ParticipantsOf the 686 Indigenous babies recruited to the study between 1987 and 1990, 315 had anthropometric measurements for all three follow-ups and were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBMI categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity),WHtR categories (low and high), sex, areal socioeconomic disadvantage as defined by the Indigenous Relative Socioeconomic Outcomes index, urban/remote residence, maternal BMI and birth weight. Logistic regression was used to calculate ORs for belonging to a certain BMI category in adolescence and adulthood according to BMI category in childhood and adolescence.ResultsUnderweight was common (38% in childhood and 24% in adulthood) and the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased with age (12% in childhood and 35% in adulthood). Both extremes of weight status as well as low and high WHtR tracked from childhood to adulthood. Underweight was more common and overweight was less common in remote and more disadvantaged areas. Birth weight and maternal BMI were associated with later weight status. There were significant sex differences for prevalences and tracking of WHtR but not for BMI.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors, remoteness and gender must be addressed when assessing nutrition-related issues in the Indigenous communities due to the variation in nutritional status and its behaviour over time within the Indigenous population.
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Kang, Suk-Woong, Ji-Hee Yang, Won-Chul Shin, Yoon-Ji Kim, and Min-Hyeok Choi. "Influence of Residence Area and Basic Livelihood Conditions on the Prevalence and Diagnosis Experience of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women Aged over 50 Years: Evaluation Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 9478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189478.
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Patients with osteoporosis are asymptomatic and are at risk for fractures. Therefore, early detection and interventions are important. We found that a population with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas was reported to have a high osteoporosis prevalence but a relatively low diagnosis rate. Research on the disparity of osteoporosis prevalence and treatment from the socioeconomic perspective was conducted. This study aimed to investigate the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions on osteoporosis prevalence and diagnosis in postmenopausal women aged over 50 years. The cross-sectional data of 1477 postmenopausal women aged over 50 years obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-2 were analyzed. Univariate analyses were performed to calculate the prevalence and diagnosis rate according to risk factor categories. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influence of residence area and basic livelihood conditions after controlling for other factors. The osteoporosis prevalence in basic livelihood beneficiaries (53.7%) and rural area residents (41.9%) was higher than that in non-beneficiaries (33.1%) and urban area residents (31.8%). There was no significant difference in the diagnosis rates in relation to the basic livelihood conditions or residence areas. The adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence among the beneficiaries living in rural areas was 2.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–4.10). However, the odds ratio for diagnosis was not significantly different. Earlier screening examination policies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with a low socioeconomic status living in rural areas are needed.
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Shen, Jie, and Yang Xiao. "Emerging divided cities in China: Socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai, 2000–2010." Urban Studies 57, no. 6 (April 25, 2019): 1338–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019834233.
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Compared with North America and Western Europe, Chinese cities used to feature a low extent of socioeconomic segregation. However, systematic analysis of the changes in socioeconomic segregation after the end of the provision of welfare housing is needed. Using residential-committee-level data from the fifth and sixth censuses of Shanghai, for the first time, this article systematically charts changes in socioeconomic segregation in Chinese cities over the period 2000–2010. Along with the emergence of high-status neighbourhoods and migrant neighbourhoods, Shanghai has grown more divided based on individual socioeconomic status. The extent of socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai was comparable to that of large US and European cities. While patterns of sociospatial divisions are different across central and suburban areas, the level of educational segregation becomes greater than that of hukou segregation. The crucial role of housing commodification in driving these changes highlights the importance of contextual and institutional factors in understanding the dynamics of segregation.
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McAvay, Haley. "Socioeconomic status and long-term exposure to disadvantaged neighbourhoods in France." Urban Studies 57, no. 13 (November 20, 2019): 2663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019882338.
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This paper uses a large-scale longitudinal data set from France over a 23-year period (1990–2013) to investigate the links between socioeconomic status and long-term exposure to disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The findings show that while local environments tend to be durable over the life course, higher income substantially reduces the risk of staying in spaces with high unemployment over time. The negative effect of income on the transmission of disadvantage is found regardless of immigrant background. However, a specific form of socio-spatial disadvantage is observed for low-income children of non-European immigrant(s), who experience a greater degree of exposure to high unemployment areas from childhood to adulthood than any other group. These findings make a new contribution to emerging research on intergenerational contextual mobility by documenting the moderating effect of income and immigrant origin on the transmission of spatial disadvantage.
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Azad, Yashpal, and Roshan Lal Zinta. "To investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Subjective Wellbeing among Rural and Urban, Scheduled Caste and Non-Scheduled Caste School Students." International Journal of Historical Insight and Research 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/ijhir.2021.07.01.006.
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It has been drawn from extensive literature and community-based studies that in developing nations Socioeconomic status (SES) is a strong predictor of mental health and wellbeing. Therefore, Socioeconomic status can affect the subjective wellbeing of school students in different ways. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between Socioeconomic status and subjective wellbeing (SWB) in a sample (n = 480) of senior secondary school students age ranged from 15-18 years, almost equal number of male and female participants belonging to urban and rural areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. The subjects were administered with measures of SES and SWB. The findings of the study revealed a negative correlation between SES and SWB, where SC and NSC, school students differ in SWB according to the low and high SES and this difference was noticeable among urban and rural students as well. The research implications recommend government and non-government organizations should come forward and look at the policy formulation and law enforcement in a strict manner for the upliftment of socio-economically deprived students in urban and rural backgrounds of Himachal Pradesh.
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Awadh, Hesham, Mustapha Aksissou, Wafae Benhardouze, Fahd Darasi, and Jaafar Snaiki. "Socioeconomic Status of Artisanal Fishers in the West Part of Moroccan Mediterranean." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2018010104.
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Artisanal fisheries in Moroccan Mediterranean generally lack management and planning, thus development. Recently, some of these fisheries had received an attention in field of infrastructure, however, there is lake of data on socioeconomic conditions of these fisheries. The main objective of this article is an update of the state of knowledge of socioeconomic of the artisanal fishers, by means of a case study in Belyounech, Fnideq, Martil and Kaa Asras areas, through a diagnosis based on analysis of socioeconomic indicators derived from data obtained through a structured questionnaire. The data analyses revealed there was a high illiteracy rate and a low level of education among fishers. This community of fishers had lack of awareness about the issues related to the sustainability of resources. Despite species of a high commercial value, Income Net Profit is somewhat not satisfactory, thus, the wealth produced by these fisheries have no real impact on the quality of the fisher's lives, hence, do not ensure sustainable development of this activity.
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Ní Chlochasaigh, Karen, Gerry Shiel, and Pádraig Ó Duibhir. "Immersion in a minority language." Issues and Perspectives on Student Diversity and Content-Based Language Education 9, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 279–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.21003.nic.
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Abstract When the earliest Irish language immersion schools outside Irish-speaking (Gaeltacht) areas were established, students were likely to come from relatively high socioeconomic backgrounds. While research has shown positive outcomes for these students, less is known about the outcomes of immersion education for students from areas of social disadvantage. Of 145 Irish immersion primary schools in the Republic of Ireland in 2016, 13 (8%) served low socioeconomic status (SES) communities. The current study examined the achievements of Grade 3 (n. = 283) and Grade 6 (n. = 235) students in these schools on nationally-standardised tests of English reading and mathematics. Their scores are compared to those of students attending schools in areas of disadvantage nationally. Immersion students in Grade 3 achieved lower mean scores on both English reading and mathematics when compared with their low-SES English-medium peers. However, Grade 6 students achieved at about the same level in mathematics and outperformed their low-SES peers nationally in English reading.
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Wulandari, Ratna Dwi, and Agung Dwi Laksono. "HUBUNGAN STATUS EKONOMI TERHADAP PERNIKAHAN DINI PADA PEREMPUAN DI PERDESAAN INDONESIA." Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi 11, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/kespro.v11i2.3870.115-124.
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Abstract
Background: Early marriage practice in Indonesia is more often found in rural than in urban areas.
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of socioeconomic status and early marriage in rural areas in Indonesia.
Method: This study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey. The sample was 2,252 of women aged 19 – 24 living in rural Indonesia. The variables included in the analysis were early marriage status, socioeconomic status, educational level, and working status. Analysis of collinearity, chi-square, and multiple logistic regressions were conducted in this study.
Results: The socioeconomic status and educational level were significantly associated with early marriage among women aged 19 – 24 in rural Indonesia. The poorest socioeconomic women were 2.23 times more likely to experience early marriage than the richest women. Poorer women were 1.68 times more likely to experience early marriage than the richest women. Women who did not go to school, having primary to secondary level of education were more likely to experience early marriage than those having tertiary level, constituting for 10.34 times, 12.10 times and 4.52 times, respectively. Educational level was more dominant in relation to early marriage than socioeconomic status.
Conclusion: Socioeconomic status and educational level are associated with early marriage. Poor young women with low educational level in rural areas should be the focus of the program target to reduce the coverage of early marriage in Indonesia.
Keywords: rural area, women, early marriage, socioeconomic.
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Praktik pernikahan dini di Indonesia lebih sering ditemukan di wilayah perdesaan dibandingkan perkotaan.
Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan status sosioekonomi terhadap kejadian pernikahan dini di perdesaan di Indonesia.
Metode: Studi ini menggunakan data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017. Sampel yaitu 2.252 perempuan 19 – 24 tahun yang tinggal di perdesaan Indonesia. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi pernikahan dini, status sosioekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, dan status bekerja. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji collinearity, chi-square, dan regresi logistik ganda.
Hasil: Status sosioekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pernikahan dini pada perempuan 19 – 24 tahun di perdesaan Indonesia. Perempuan paling miskin memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi 2,23 kali untuk mengalami pernikahan dini dibandingkan perempuan paling kaya. Perempuan miskin memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi 1,68 kali mengalami pernikahan dini dibandingkan perempuan paling kaya. Perempuan yang tidak sekolah, pendidikan SD-SLTP, dan SLTA memiliki kemungkinan lebih tinggi mengalami pernikahan dini dibandingkan lulusan perguruan tinggi, berturut-turut sebesar 10,34 kali, 12,10 kali, dan 4,52 kali. Faktor tingkat pendidikan lebih dominan hubungannya dengan pernikahan dini dibandingkankan dengan faktor status sosioekonomi.
Kesimpulan: Status sosioekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan berhubungan dengan pernikahan dini. Remaja putri miskin dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah di perdesaan harus menjadi fokus sasaran program penurunan cakupan pernikahan dini di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: perdesaan, perempuan, pernikahan dini, sosioekonomi.
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Dhanabal, Jeevitha, Pradeep Pushparaj Selvadoss, and Kanchana Muthuswamy. "Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Low Socioeconomic Areas from South Chennai, India." Journal of Parasitology Research 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/630968.
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Intestinal parasites cause one of the most important health problems through their effects in causing undernourishment morbidity and incapacitation due to their behavior particularly in children compared to adults. This study was intended to state the prevalence of intestinal parasites between the slum dwellers of different areas in south Chennai. Among the total of 256 samples collected between the ages of 0–50 yrs, 194 samples were positive. Standard laboratory techniques for parasitological diagnosis were carried out for each sample.Entamoeba coli(23%),Cyclosporasp. (22.2%),Entamoeba histolytica(21.8%),Giardia intestinalis(14.4%),Ascaris lumbricoides(6.2%),Trichuris trichiura(1.1%), andHymenolepis nana(2.7%) were found in the dwellers of low socioeconomic areas. The data on the prevalence of parasites with respect to sex and age showed that the females harbored more numbers of parasites when compared to males. Further, with respect to age, children and teenagers had surplus parasites compared to old age groups. The percentage of educational status showed a reduction in the number of parasites in the higher education dwellers. These parasites could be prevented by possible grouping of better ecological design and hygiene. Conclusively, the examination of personal hygiene as well as routine medical examination and treatment is strongly recommended in the low socio-economic areas.
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Sinha, Nirmalya Kumar, Malay Kumar Patsa, Sumandev Chakrabortty, Jadab Chandra Chattopadhyay, and Smarajit Maiti. "Nutritional Status of the Low Socioeconomic Psychologically Healthy Adolescent: A Study from Rural Areas of Paschim Medinipur District, India." Pediatric Education and Research 4, no. 1 (2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.4116.4.
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Kumar, Rajesh, Manoj Kumar Singh, Vineet Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Sheo Pratap Singh, Renu Agrwal, and Chandrakanta Dr. "Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i6.35036.
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Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries.
Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation.
Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes.
Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.
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Company-Córdoba, Rosalba, Diego Gómez-Baya, Francisca López-Gaviño, and Joaquín A. Ibáñez-Alfonso. "Mental Health, Quality of Life and Violence Exposure in Low-Socioeconomic Status Children and Adolescents of Guatemala." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 7620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207620.
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Growing up in vulnerable conditions has an impact on children and adolescents’ mental health and well-being outcomes. However, this evidence has rarely been obtained in middle and low-income countries like Guatemala, where food insecurity and exposure to violence frequently threaten childhood development. The aim of this study was to analyse the relations that sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors have with psychological adjustment of low-socioeconomic status (SES) Guatemalan children and adolescents, and how these relations were mediated by food insecurity and exposure to violence. A total of 185 participants (50.8% girls; aged between 6 to 17, M = 11.82, SD = 3.7) from three vulnerable schools located in rural and urban areas of Guatemala were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to violence significantly moderates the effect of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables in measures of depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life. Adolescents more exposed to violence reported higher levels of depression and anxiety, as well as lower levels of health-related quality of life. In contrast, food insecurity did not seem to influence psychological adjustment outcomes in this low-SES sample. These findings highlight the relevance of exposure to violence for mental health and well-being, and is a factor that should be considered when designing public health policies to promote children and adolescents’ welfare.
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Stankov, Lazar, Janko Međedović, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Boban Petrović, and Goran Knežević. "Sociopsychological correlates of militant extremist beliefs in a postconflict society: The importance of ethnocentrism and quality of interethnic contacts." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 8 (December 2020): 1249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220920717.
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This study investigates the attitudinal and motivational bases of militant extremist beliefs in a postconflict society ( N = 600; 51% female). Militant extremist mindset (MEM) measures of proviolence, divine power, utopianism, vile world, and West, together with the Ethos of Conflict- Grudge Scale (EOC-grudge), were used to assess militant-extremist beliefs. Data about the socioeconomic status (SES) of participants, ethnocentrism, intergroup contact, trust in the system, and the level of conflict in the sampled areas were also collected. The main hypotheses were that extremist beliefs are associated with a high level of ethnocentrism, low socioeconomic status, decreased intergroup contact, low trust in the system, and recent intergroup conflict. A structural model in which all relations between the measures were simultaneously tested showed that recent intergroup conflict was related to the most malignant aspect of MEM—proviolence—predominantly through negative experiences with members of other ethnicities. Ethnocentrism was strongly related to higher levels of grudge and excuse. Self-assessed socioeconomic status was related to grudge only but taking into account all other variables, positively. Finally, trust in the political and social system was not found to have a relationship with militant-extremist beliefs.
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Ranjan, S., R. Shakya, and PM Shyangwa. "Clinico-demographic profile of patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders." Health Renaissance 10, no. 3 (December 4, 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7138.
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Background: There are only few studies on the clinico-demographic profile of acute and transient disorders, which is a common disorder in developing countries. Objective: To study the clinical presentation and socio-demographic profile of patients with Acute and transient psychotic disorders. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as Acute and transient psychotic disorders were assessed to record their socio-demographic profile, presence of stress, onset, presenting complains and the phenomenology using standard questionnaire. Results: ATPDs was more common in persons below thirty years of age (63.3%), residing in rural areas (90%), unemployed (76.7%), low middle socioeconomic status (53.3%), married (63.3%), and member of nuclear family (63.3%). Abrupt onset was seen in 73% of cases. Delusion of persecution was the most common psychopathology (86.7%). All patients had impaired biorhythm and poor insight. Conclusions: Married unemployed persons below the age of thirty of low middle socioeconomic status residing in nuclear families in rural areas suffer from ATPDs more than others. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7138 Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);215-219
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Agrawal, Navdeep, Laxmi Gupta, and Jagabandhu Dixit. "Assessment of the Socioeconomic Vulnerability to Seismic Hazards in the National Capital Region of India Using Factor Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179652.
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The seismicity of the National Capital Region (NCR) of India increased significantly over the last decade. Communities in the NCR face significant exposure to damaging seismic events, and the seismic risk arises not only from the region’s proximity to the Himalayan mountains, but also from the socioeconomic vulnerabilities in its communities and the current capacities of different localities to respond to and recover from any unforeseen large seismic event. GIS-based spatial distribution of exposure to seismic hazards (SH) can help decision-makers and authorities identify locations with populations at high seismic risk, and to prepare risk-mitigation plans. Socioeconomic vulnerability (SeV) studies serve as a basis for quantifying qualitative measures. For this purpose, in the present study, the hazard of place (HoP) model is used to assess SeV to seismic hazards in the NCR. Social indicators like age, gender, literacy, family size, built environment, etc., comprising a total of 36 variables, are used to assess a socioeconomic vulnerability index (SeVI) based on factor and principal component (PCA) analyses. Based on PCA, 20 variables were retained and grouped into four factors: socioeconomic status, employment status, building typology, and family size. Ground-motion parameters, estimated from probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, are integrated with the socioeconomic vulnerability index to quantify exposure to seismic hazards. The spatial distributions in the produced socioeconomic-vulnerability index and seismic–hazard–exposure maps highlight the critical areas. The results reveal that areas of low literacy, high unemployment, and poor housing condition show moderate-to-high vulnerability. The south-eastern region of the study area is assessed as a high-risk zone by an integrated SeV–SH risk matrix. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the socioeconomic vulnerability component of disaster risk–reduction programs, from a holistic perspective, for the areas with high seismicity.
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Ali, Hassan, Saadia Khan, Sumbal Nayab, Asad Abbas, Reema Arshad, Iqra Akram, and Abeeha Ajmal. "Assessment of nutritional status of lactating mothers in Multan, Pakistan: A case study." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 06 (June 10, 2021): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.06.6119.
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Objective: The main purpose of the study was to assess the nutritional status of lactating mothers. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Fatima Jinnah Hospital, Chowk Ghantaghar, Multan. Period: March 2019 to November 2019. Material & Methods: The study comprised of 250 lactating mothers aged 18-40 years. The data for this study was collected by trained nutritionist when lactating mothers came for checkup and SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: This study showed that mother status mostly effected due to iron deficiency. Only 20% women were having normal Hemoglobin level. 80% women were anemic and 61.6% women were underweight and 4.8% women were overweight during lactation period. Their serum ferritin level was significantly low due to iron deficient diet/ low iron supplementation. In this conducted study 34.4% women were uneducated and 70.8% women were from rural areas of Multan. 42.4% women were poor socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Nutritional status of lactating mother is mostly affected by iron deficiency. Iron deficient diet or lack of iron supplementation due to poor socioeconomic status/ lack of education about nutrients affect the lactating status of mother.
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Zandieh, Razieh, Javier Martinez, Johannes Flacke, and Martin van Maarseveen. "The Associations Between Area Deprivation and Objectively Measured Older Adults’ Outdoor Walking Levels." SAGE Open 7, no. 4 (October 2017): 215824401774017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017740172.
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Outdoor walking has positive impacts on older adults’ health. It is crucial to identify less active older adults and to encourage them to take outdoor walks. Previous studies have shown that physical activity levels vary according to socioeconomic deprivation. However, knowledge on objectively measured older adults’ outdoor walking levels is limited. This study investigated associations between area (socioeconomic) deprivation and older adults’ objectively (geographic positioning system [GPS]) measured outdoor walking levels (i.e., walking durations and frequencies) in Birmingham, United Kingdom. It used a multilevel approach. The final sample included 173 participants (65 years and above). A questionnaire was used to collect data on personal characteristics (e.g., educational attainment as a proxy of individual deprivation, age, and marital status). The results show that independent of personal characteristics, area deprivation associates with outdoor walking durations. Participants from high-deprivation areas spend less time for outdoor walking than those from low-deprivation areas. Associations between area deprivation and outdoor walking frequencies were nonsignificant. Future research needs to investigate how attributes (e.g., environmental attributes) of low- and high-deprivation areas drive disparities in outdoor walking durations among older residents of low- and high-deprivation areas.
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Wyczalkowski, Christopher K., Eric J. van Holm, Ann–Margaret Esnard, and Betty S. Lai. "Uneven Neighborhood Recovery: Hurricane Damage and Neighborhood Change in the Houston–Galveston Region since 1970." City & Community 18, no. 2 (June 2019): 689–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12390.
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Despite the growing number of natural disasters around the globe, limited research exists on post–disaster patterns of neighborhood change. In this paper, we test two theories of neighborhood change, the “recovery machine” and “rent gap,” which predict opposing effects for low socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods following damage from hurricanes, tropical storms, and other natural hazard events. The recovery machine theory posits that after natural hazard events, local communities experience patterns of recovery based on their pre–disaster SES and access to resources, suggesting that wealthier neighborhoods will recover robustly while lower status neighborhoods languish. In contrast, the rent gap theory suggests that developers will identify a profit opportunity in the depressed values created by damage from natural hazard events, and seek to redevelop low SES areas. We use fixed effects models with census data from 1970 to 2015 to test the impact of damage from natural hazards on neighborhood change. We find substantial recovery and change in low–income neighborhoods, but not in the high–income neighborhoods supporting the rent gap theory. We conclude that natural hazard events resulting in damage produce uneven recovery by socioeconomic status of neighborhoods, potentially leading to displacement of low SES groups.
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de Vries, Sjerp, Arjen E. Buijs, and Robbert P. H. Snep. "Environmental Justice in The Netherlands: Presence and Quality of Greenspace Differ by Socioeconomic Status of Neighbourhoods." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155889.
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Making our cities more sustainable includes the need to make the transition a just one. This paper focuses on distributive justice with regard to greenspace in cities. Urbanisation and densification will likely result in less greenspace in urban residential areas, especially in deprived neighbourhoods. This is a threat to the aim of healthy and liveable cities, as greenspace has positive effects on human health and well-being. In this study, we show that in The Netherlands, neighbourhoods with a low socioeconomic status already tend to have a lower presence and quality of greenspace than those with a high socioeconomic status. This outcome is independent of the greenness metric that was used. However, depending on the precise greenness metric, socioeconomic differences in greenness between neighbourhoods are smaller in highly urban municipalities than in less urban municipalities, rather than larger. The paper discusses the implications of these outcomes for policy and planning regarding urban greenspace.
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Christiani, Yoseveline, Robi Irawan, and Yunisa Astiarani. "Demographic and Household Characteristics Related to Childhood Obesity in Public Elementary Schools in Penjaringan." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2021.12.1.12-20.
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Indonesia is experiencing the rise of childhood obesity prevalence, and the majority profound in low socioeconomic areas, which may aggravate the harmful impacts on the children's growth and health. This study was conducted to find significant factors of childhood obesity in low socioeconomic areas. A cross-sectional study design was carried out at two public elementary schools in Penjaringan subdistrict, North Jakarta. All students in both schools participated in the study and were selected based on inclusion criteria. A total of 731 students (grades 1 to 6) were eligible. The nutritional status was assessed by trained staff by calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and classifying the outcome based on the WHO z-scores chart. Parents filled a demographic and socioeconomic questionnaire to collect children's birthdate, parents' educational level, employment status, income, and health insurance. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association. The prevalence of obesity among students was 13.41%. The regression showed that male and younger students were likely to be obese. The students whose mothers were in secondary level of education, have an unemployed father, or in the low-income family (p<0.05) were more likely to be obese. The study shows that male and younger students were associated with childhood obesity. Besides, educated mothers, unemployed fathers, and families with low income tend to have obese children. The school needs to have a specific program for male and younger age students to increase healthy habits. Nutrition assessment, recommendation, and parents' involvement in school-based health programs need to be enhanced.
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Sasaki, Yuri, Yugo Shobugawa, Ikuma Nozaki, Daisuke Takagi, Yuiko Nagamine, Masafumi Funato, Yuki Chihara, et al. "Association between depressive symptoms and objective/subjective socioeconomic status among older adults of two regions in Myanmar." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0245489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245489.
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Low objective socioeconomic status (SES) has been correlated with poor physical and mental health among older adults. Some studies suggest that subjective SES is also important for ensuring sound physical and mental health among older adults. However, few studies have been conducted on the impact of both objective and subjective SES on mental health among older adults. This study examines whether objective or subjective SES is associated with depressive symptoms in older adults in Myanmar. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from two regions of Myanmar, for face-to-face interviews. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. Participants were classified as having no depressive symptom (GDS score <5) and having depressive symptoms (GDS score ≥5). Objective and subjective SES were assessed using the wealth index and asking participants a multiple-choice question about their current financial situation, respectively. The relationship between objective/subjective SES and depressive symptoms was examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the 1,186 participants aged 60 years and above was 69.7 (SD: 7.3), and 706 (59.5%) were female. Among them, 265 (22.3%) had depressive symptoms. After adjusting for objective SES and other covariates, only low subjective SES was positively associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 4.18, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.98–5.87). This association was stronger among participants in the rural areas (urban areas, AOR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.08–4.05; rural areas, AOR: 5.65, 95% CI: 3.69–8.64). Subjective SES has a stronger association with depressive symptoms than objective SES, among older adults of the two regions in Myanmar, especially in the rural areas. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional differences in the context of subjective SES by reducing socioeconomic disparities among the communities.
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Shih, Hao Yu, Mandy B. A. Paterson, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "Socioeconomic Influences on Reports of Canine Welfare Concerns to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in Queensland, Australia." Animals 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100711.
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Human–dog relationships are an important contributor to the welfare of dogs, but little is known about the importance of socioeconomic status of the dogs’ owners. We conducted a retrospective study of canine welfare complaints, using Australian government statistics on the socioeconomic status of the inhabitants at the location of the alleged welfare issue. The socioeconomic score of inhabitants at the relevant postcode was assumed to be that of the plaintiff. Our dataset included 107,597 complaints that had been received by RSPCA Queensland between July 2008 and June 2018, each with the following information: the number of dogs involved, dog(s) age, breed(s), suburb, postcode, date received, and complaint code(s) (describing the type of complaint). The median index score for relative social advantage of the locations where the alleged welfare concern occurred was less than the median score for the population of Queensland, suggesting that welfare concerns in dogs were more commonly reported in areas with inhabitants of low socioeconomic status. It was also less if the dog being reported was not of a recognised breed, compared to dogs of recognised breeds. Dogs reported to be in the gundog breed group were in the most socioeconomically advantaged postcodes, followed by toy, hound, non-sporting, working dog, terrier, and utility breed groups. Reports of alleged cruelty, insufficient food and/or water, a dog being not exercised or being confined/tethered, failure to provide shelter or treatment, overcrowding, a dog being in poor condition or living in poor conditions were most likely to be made in relation to dogs in low socioeconomic postcodes. Reports of dogs being left in a hot vehicle unattended were more likely to be made in relation to dogs in high socioeconomic postcodes. It is concluded that both canine welfare complaints and dogs in specific breed groups appear to be related to the owner’s socioeconomic status. This study may be used to improve public awareness and to tailor educational campaigns toward different populations.
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Habsyiyah, Habsyiyah, Yeni D. Lestari, Iwan Ariawan, and Tjahjono D. Gondhowiardjo. "Relationship of socioeconomic factors with vision-related quality of life on severe low vision and blind population in Indonesia." Medical Journal of Indonesia 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13181/mji.v24i4.1245.
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Background: Socioeconomic factors are known to be associated with visual impairment. Being someone who is visually impaired could affect his quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in severe low vision and blind population in Indonesia in relation to their socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross sectional population-based study was performed in 5 provinces, in Indonesia. Respondents of validation study on blindness data of national basic health survey 2013 (RISKESDAS 2013), who were above 18 years old with severe low vision (BCVA≥3/60 to 6/60) and blind (BCVA<3/60), were included in this study. Questionnaires for socioeconomic status and a questionnaire from the national eye institute visual function questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ 25) for visual function were administered. Total scores of NEI-VFQ25 were compared based on severity of visual impairment, educational level, occupation, literacy adequacy, income level, and residency. Data analysis was using independent T-test or Mann-Whitney test, and Chi square test.Results: A total of 134 subjects were enrolled in this study, most of them are women (68.2%), aged >64 years old (64.9%) with low education (65.7%), illiterate (52.2%), low income (71.6%), non working (63.4%) and living in urban areas (58.2%). The blind population has lower VFQ scores than severe low vision (p=0.001). Different status of educational level, literacy adequacy, income level and residency did not show significant difference in VFQ scores, but those who have an occupation had better VFQ scores than those who do not (p=0.041).Conclusion: Visual related quality of life (VRQOL) of severe low vision and blind population was associated significantly with occupational status. Because of culture and characteristics of Indonesian people, VRQOL of severe low vision and blind population in Indonesia was not affected by educational level, literacy, income level, and residency.
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Rocha, Carla M., Estie Kruger, Shane McGuire, and Marc Tennant. "Role of public transport in accessibility to emergency dental care in Melbourne, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 21, no. 2 (2015): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13102.
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The aim of this study was to develop a method for the analysis of the influence of public transport supply in a large city (Melbourne) on the access to emergency dental treatment. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools were used to associate the geographical distribution of patients (and their socioeconomic status) with accessibility (through public transport supply, i.e. bus, tram and/or train) to emergency dental care. The methodology used allowed analysis of the socioeconomic status of patient residential areas and both spatial location and supply frequency of public transport by using existing data from patient records, census and transport departments. In metropolitan Melbourne, a total of 13 784 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study sample, of which 95% (n = 13 077) were living within a 50 km radius of the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne. Low socioeconomic areas had a higher demand for dental emergency care in the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne. Public transport supply was similar across the various socioeconomic strata in the population, with 80% of patients having good access to public transport. However, when considering only high-frequency bus stops, the percentage of patients living within 400 m from a bus stop dropped to 65%. Despite this, the number of patients (adjusted to the population) coming from areas not supplied by public transport, and from areas with good or poor public transport supply, was similar. The methodology applied in the present study highlights the importance of evaluating not only the spatial distribution but also the frequency of public transport supply when studying access to services. This methodology can be extrapolated to other settings to identity transport/access patterns for a variety of services.
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Chen, Xuejiao, Xueqi Hu, Songhe Shi, and Qingfeng Tian. "Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors for Spousal Resemblance in Obesity Status in China." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040415.
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Introduction: The purposes of this study were to explore the resemblance in the weight status within couples with different family contextual factors and analyze the influence of the level of overweight or obesity of a spouse on that of the other spouse. Methods: The data were from the sixth National Health Service Survey of Henan Province in 2018. After screening, 7432 eligible couples were finally included. Socioeconomic and demographic factors were compared by the χ2 test or nonparametric test. The difference in the body mass index (BMI) of spouses was assessed by a t-test. The Pearson correlation coefficient and kappa value were used as indicators of consistency in weight status. A logistic regression analysis was used to further explore the effect of a spouse’s level of overweight/obesity on that of the other spouse. Results: The results show that the prevalence of overweight/obesity in couples aged 20 or older is 33.76%. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the BMI within couples was 0.102 (95% CI: 0.076–0.120). The kappa coefficients suggested a low resemblance in the weight status within couples (k = 0.049, 95% CI: 0.031–0.069). Besides, the influence of the overweight/obesity status of the wives on that of the husbands (odds ratio (OR) = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.309–1.521) was slightly higher than that of the husbands on that of the wives (OR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.302–1.514). Conclusions: We found that there was a moderate but significant resemblance in the body weight status between spouses, especially elderly couples with a low education level in rural areas. Health education activities for couple interventions can have a good effect of intervention.
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Mőller, Holger, Kris Rogers, Patricia Cullen, Teresa Senserrick, Soufiane Boufous, and Rebecca Ivers. "Socioeconomic status during youth and risk of car crash during adulthood. Findings from the DRIVE cohort study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 8 (March 9, 2021): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214083.
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BackgroundYoung drivers of low socioeconomic status (SES) have a disproportionally high risk of crashing compared with their more affluent counterparts. Little is known if this risk persists into adulthood and if it differs between men and women.MethodsWe used data from a 2003/2004 Australian survey of young drivers (n=20 806), which included measures of drivers’ demographics and established crash risk factors. These data were linked to police-reported crash, hospital and death data up to 2016. We used negative binomial regression models to estimate the association between participants’ SES, with car crash.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding, drivers of lowest SES had 1.30 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.42), 1.90 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.88), 3.09 (95% CI 2.41 to 3.95) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.82) times higher rate of crash, crash-related hospitalisation, crash in country areas and crash on streets with a speed limit of 80 km/hour or above compared with drivers of highest SES, respectively. For single-vehicle crashes, women in the lowest SES groups had 2.88 (95% CI 1.83 to 4.54) times higher rate of crash compared with those in the highest SES group, but no differences were observed for men from different SES groups.ConclusionYoung drivers who lived in areas of low SES at the time of the survey had a sustained increased risk of crash over the following 13 years compared with drivers from the most affluent areas. Our findings suggest that in addition to traditional measures, road transport injury prevention needs to consider the wider social determinants of health.