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Journal articles on the topic 'Low temperature activated systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Kruglova, Antonina, Jenni Kesulahti, Khoi Minh Le, Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez, Anna Mikola, and Riku Vahala. "Low-Temperature Adapted Nitrifying Microbial Communities of Finnish Wastewater Treatment Systems." Water 12, no. 9 (2020): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092450.

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In this study, the microbial community of nitrifying activated sludge adapted to Finnish climate conditions was studied to clarify the microbial populations involved in low-temperature nitrification. Microbial community analysis of five full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) showed several differences compared to WWTPs from other countries with a similar climate. In particular, very low abundance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOBs) (altogether ˂ 0.25% of total community) as well as typical NOBs (˂0.35%) and a high abundance of orders Cytophagales and Micrococcales was observed in all

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2

Li, Zhi-Hua, Jia-Wei Yang, and Hao Zhang. "Increase metabolic heat to compensate for low temperature in activated sludge systems." Water Research 250 (February 2024): 121068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.121068.

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3

Yilmaz, Bilge, Vasiliki Kamperidou, Serhatcan Berk Akcay, Turgay Kar, Hilal Fazli, and Temel Varol. "Characterization of Low-Temperature Waste-Wood-Derived Biochar upon Chemical Activation." Forests 16, no. 8 (2025): 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081237.

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Depending on the feedstock type and the pyrolysis conditions, biochars exhibit different physical, chemical, and structural properties, which highly influence their performance in various applications. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of biochar materials derived from the waste wood of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) after low-temperature pyrolysis at 270 °C, followed by chemical activation using zinc chloride. The resulting materials were thoroughly analyzed in terms of their chemical composition (FTIR), thermal behavior (TGA/DTG), structural morphol

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4

Stojanovic, Branislav, Jelena Janevski, Petar Mitkovic, Milica Stojanovic, and Marko Ignjatovic. "Thermally activated building systems in context of increasing building energy efficiency." Thermal Science 18, no. 3 (2014): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1403011s.

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One of the possible ways to provide heating to the building is to use thermally activated building systems. This type of heating, besides providing significant increase in building energy efficiency, allows using low-temperature heating sources. In this paper, special attention is given to opaque part of the building fa?ade with integrated thermally activated building systems. Due to fact that this type of system strongly depends on temperature of this construction-thermal element and type and thickness of other materials of the fa?ade, influence of these parameters on energy efficiency was an

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Sundaresan, N., and L. Philip. "Performance evaluation of various aerobic biological systems for the treatment of domestic wastewater at low temperatures." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 4 (2008): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.340.

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Studies were undertaken on the performance evaluation of three different types of aerobic reactors, namely, activated sludge process, fluidized bed reactor and submerged bed reactor. Initially synthetic wastewater was used for stabilizing the system and later domestic wastewater of IIT Madras was used as the feed for the biological systems. The hydraulic retention time was maintained as 24 h. The seed sludge was collected from IIT Madras sewage treatment plant. The inlet COD to the reactors with synthetic wastewater was 1,000±20 mg/L and with real wastewater, it was 150 to 350 mg/L. The perfor

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6

Malyukin, Yu V., N. L. Pogrebnyak, and V. P. Seminozhenko. "Peculiarities of low-temperature spectroscopy of dopant centers with a multiwell adiabatic potential." Low Temperature Physics 21, no. 12 (1995): 946–49. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0033913.

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The results of low-temperature spectroscopy for two different dopant centers characterized by a multiwell adiabatic potential are presented. It is shown that two-level systems associated with a multiwell adiabatic potential can be manifested in relaxation processes if they are thermally activated in the temperature range lower than the Debye temperature.

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7

Chinwetkitvanich, S., C. W. Randall, and T. Panswad. "Effects of phosphorus limitation and temperature on PHA production in activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 8 (2004): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0507.

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The study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature and phosphorus limitation on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production and storage by activated sludge biomass. The two-stage operation approach, i.e. a growth phase followed by a nutrient limitation phase, was applied to induce PHA accumulation. The pre-selected temperatures of 10, 20 and 30°C were investigated under phosphorus limitation conditions using three four-litre fully aerobic SBR systems operated at an SRT of 10 days with cycle time and HRT of 6 and 10 hours. PHA production was greater in the 10°C system than in the 20°C a

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8

Knoop, S., and S. Kunst. "Influence of temperature and sludge loading on activated sludge settling, especially on Microthrix parvicella." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (1998): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0573.

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During recent years modern full scale wastewater treatment plants with biological nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal have had increasing problems with foam formation on the surfaces of aerobic tanks and with bulking activated sludge. The results of a survey in 1995 (Kunst and Knoop, 1996) showed that most often the filamentous bacterium Microthrix parvicella is responsible for these problems. Up to today there is only little knowledge about its selection criteria in activated sludge. Therefore several experiments were done in full scale activated sludge plants and in laborat

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9

Smorokov, Andrey, Alexandr Kantaev, Daniil Bryankin, Anna Miklashevich, Maksim Kamarou, and Valentin Romanovski. "Low-temperature desiliconization of activated zircon concentrate by NH4HF2 solution." Minerals Engineering 189 (November 2022): 107909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107909.

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10

Zhang, Xin Ming, and Yang Xiao. "Fracture Mechanism Analysis of Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr Alloy." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.261.

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The fractographs of Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr alloy specimens which were tensioned at different temperatures were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that different slip systems were activated at different temperatures, which were responsible for varied deformation mechanisms and fracture mechanisms. At 25 °C, the enabled slip systems were few and only the slip systems on basal plane were able to be activated, so cleavage fracture was observed. At −196°Cthe number of enabled slip systems increased, prismatic or pyramidal slip maybe occurred, so that

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11

Vinnikov, N. A., A. V. Dolbin, and M. V. Khlistyuck. "Hydrogen sorption by nanostructures at low temperatures (Review article)." Low Temperature Physics 49, no. 5 (2023): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0017811.

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The features of hydrogen sorption by a wide range of nanostructures — fullerite C60, carbon nanotubes, graphene structures, nanodispersed carbon, including Pd-containing nanoclusters, ordered silicon-oxide-based nanostructures (the MCM-41 family) and silicon-oxide aerogel — have been reviewed. Special attention is given to the sorption characteristics of carbon nanostructures that have been exposed to various modifying treatments (oxidation, gamma-ray irradiation in gas atmosphere, action of pulsed high frequency gas discharge). Two mechanisms of physical low-temperature sorption of hydrogen h

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12

Gholami, Rahman, Cristina E. Stere, Alexandre Goguet, and Christopher Hardacre. "Non-thermal-plasma-activated de-NO x catalysis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2110 (2017): 20170054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0054.

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The combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP) with catalyst systems as an alternative technology to remove NO x emissions in the exhaust of lean-burn stationary and mobile sources is reviewed. Several factors, such as low exhaust gas temperatures (below 300°C), low selectivity to N 2 and the presence of impurities, make current thermally activated technologies inefficient. Various hybrid plasma–catalyst systems have been examined and shown to have a synergistic effect on de-NO x efficiency when compared with NTP or catalyst-alone systems. The NTP is believed to form oxygenated species, such as a

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Tao, Hongbo, and Shuai Song. "Study on the effect of high temperature heat treatment of H₂ on the pore structure of activated carbon." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2539, no. 1 (2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2539/1/012003.

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Abstract As a high-quality adsorbent, activated carbon is widely used in air purification, natural gas storage, sewage treatment, gas enrichment, and separation, etc. The pore microstructure of activated carbon directly affects the adsorption capacity. In this paper, the altered in the microstructure of activated charcoal before and after high-temperature treatment were investigated by high-temperature thermal treatment of activated charcoal at 600°C and 700°C under an H2 atmosphere. The results of low-temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption showed that after high-temperature H2 heat treatment,

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14

Tang, Cheng, Dongfeng Shi, and Jin Zhang. "Temperature-Induced Variations in Slip Behavior of Single Crystal Aluminum: Microstructural Analysis." Materials 17, no. 9 (2024): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17092084.

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The simultaneous increase in strength and plasticity of aluminum and its alloys at cryogenic temperatures has been shown in previous research, but the deformation mechanism was still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to reveal the relationship between slip behavior and mechanical response at low temperatures. A quasi-in situ scanning electron microscope was used to observe the evolution of slip bands in the selected aluminum single crystals with two typical orientations at 25 °C, −100 °C, and −180 °C. The results showed that irrespective of orientation, the density of t

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15

Fàbrega, Cristian, Olga Casals, and Joan Daniel Prades. "Efficient Self-Heating in Nanowire Sensors: Prospects for Very-Low Power." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (2018): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130829.

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Self-heating operation, or the use of the resistance-probing signal to warm up and control the temperature of nanowire devices, has been the subject of research for more than a decade. The state-of-the-art shows that this approach is serving to lower the power demand in temperature-activated devices, especially in conductometric gas sensors, but the simplicity of eliminating the heating element comes with the complexity of integrating 1-dimensional nanomaterials in electronic devices. The advantages of the efficient self-heating effect in nanowires have already been probed in a broad range of

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16

Shao, Y. J., and David Jenkins. "The Use of Anoxic Selectors for the Control of Low F/M Activated Sludge Bulking." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 6-7 (1989): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0263.

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Laboratory and pilot plant experiments on anoxic selector activated sludge systems were conducted on two wastewaters in some cases supplemented with nitrate, acetate or glucose. To prevent bulking sufficient anoxic selector detention time and nitrate levels must be available to reduce selector effluent soluble COD to below 100 mg/l and to reduce readily metabolizable organic matter to virtually zero (&lt; 1 mg/l). Soluble COD/NO3-N removal stoichiometry is in the range 6.0-6.7. Selector systems have elevated soluble substrate removal and denitrification rates compared to CSTR systems. Thes

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17

Dokulilová, Tereza, Tomáš Vítěz, Jan Chovanec, Robert Rouš, Monika Vítězová, and Ivan Kushkevych. "Primary and Activated Sludge Biogas Production: Effect of Temperature." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010023.

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Sewage sludge management is a problem of growing importance. Anaerobic sewage sludge stabilization is commonly used technology, where organic matter contained in primary and activated sewage sludge is converted into biogas, so both, pollution control and energy recovery can be achieved. The paper deals with the effect of process temperature (36 °C, 42 °C and 50 °C) on biogas production and quality during anaerobic stabilization of primary and activated sewage sludge generated during purifying process in low‑loaded activated sludge process. Primary and activated sewage sludge samples were taken

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18

Wang, Chuangchuang, Xueyu Pang, Xiujian Xia, Yongjin Yu, Kaihe Lv, and Jinsheng Sun. "Optimization of Low-Density Hydroceramic Systems for Long-Term Stability at High Temperatures." Materials 18, no. 4 (2025): 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040841.

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In this study, various raw materials, including silica sand, silica fume, calcium hydroxide, α-alumina, and nano-activated alumina, were used to produce hydroceramic systems with varying Ca/Si/Al ratios to optimize their high-temperature resistance. The hydroceramic slurries, with a constant density of 1.65 g/cm3, were all designed to have a setting time of more than 4 h at the condition of 240 °C and 50 MPa and then cured at the same condition for 2, 30, and 90 days to evaluate their long-term performances. Subsequently, compressive strength, water permeability, mercury intrusion porosimetry,

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19

Özcan, Nuran, Reinhard Krämer, and Susanne Morbach. "Chill Activation of Compatible Solute Transporters in Corynebacterium glutamicum at the Level of Transport Activity." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 14 (2005): 4752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.14.4752-4759.2005.

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ABSTRACT The gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum harbors four osmoregulated secondary uptake systems for compatible solutes, BetP, EctP, LcoP, and ProP. When reconstituted in proteoliposomes, BetP was shown to sense hyperosmotic conditions via the increase in luminal K+ and to respond by instant activation. To study further putative ways of stimulus perception and signal transduction, we have investigated the responses of EctP, LcoP, and BetP, all belonging to the betaine-carnitine-choline transporter family, to chill stress at the level of activity. When fully activated by

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20

Batten, DJ, and CA Mcconchie. "Floral Induction in Growing Buds of Lychee (Litchi chinensis) and Mango (Mangifera indica)." Functional Plant Biology 22, no. 5 (1995): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9950783.

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Buds of potted plants of the terminal flowering tree species lychee (Litchi chinensis) and mango (Mangifera indica) forced to begin growth at high temperatures (florally non-inductive) and then transferred to low temperatures produced inflorescences, so the whole process of floral induction can occur in growing buds. Floral initials were visible in lychee within 39 days of transfer to low temperature and 30 days in mango, indicating that floral induction occurs relatively quickly in both species. In most cases where plants were transferred to winter ambient temperatures for floral induction, p

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21

WANG, C. C., H. B. LU, K. J. JIN, and G. Z. YANG. "TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC STRENGTH OF A MAXWELL–WAGNER TYPE RELAXATION." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 13 (2008): 1297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908015310.

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A relationship between the temperature and the dielectric strength of a Maxwell–Wagner (MW) type relaxation was deduced based on the conventional two-layer model for inhomogeneous systems and under the usual assumptions that the conductivity of each layer obeys the thermally activated law and the dielectric constant of each layer is relatively temperature independent. The relation shows that the relaxation peak height in the imaginary part of the complex permittivity for a MW-type relaxation increases with decreasing temperature and saturates at low enough temperature. This behavior was well-p

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22

Kejík, Pavel, Vlastimil Bílek Jr., Pavel Bulejko, et al. "Porous Systems Based on Alkali-Activated Fly Ash." Solid State Phenomena 276 (June 2018): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.276.179.

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This paper studies possibilities of alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) for the preparation of systems with preserved certain porosity level. Such systems would be used for example as filtration barriers, which are commonly prepared by both energetically and economically expensive sintering process at high temperatures. Porosity preservation was facilitated by the use of only coarse fraction from fly ash particles together with the use of low water to fly ash ratio and pressure compaction. Two different doses of sodium hydroxide were used to alkali activate fly ash. Prepared specimens were moist c

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23

Zhang, Wenting, Caorui Zhang, Junmin Wu, et al. "Low Temperature Hydrophilic SiC Wafer Level Direct Bonding for Ultrahigh-Voltage Device Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (2021): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121575.

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SiC direct bonding using O2 plasma activation is investigated in this work. SiC substrate and n− SiC epitaxy growth layer are activated with an optimized duration of 60s and power of the oxygen ion beam source at 20 W. After O2 plasma activation, both the SiC substrate and n− SiC epitaxy growth layer present a sufficient hydrophilic surface for bonding. The two 4-inch wafers are prebonded at room temperature followed by an annealing process in an atmospheric N2 ambient for 3 h at 300 °C. The scanning results obtained by C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM) shows a high bonding uniformit

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Ascensão, Guilherme, Flora Faleschini, Maurizio Marchi, et al. "High-Temperature Behavior of CaO-FeOx-Al2O3-SiO2-Rich Alkali Activated Materials." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052572.

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Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) provide an opportunity to up-cycle several residues into added-value materials. Although generally praised for their performance under thermal loads, the thermal behavior of AAMs is dictated by a multitude of factors and the performance of CaO-FeOx-rich systems may differ from geopolymers. Therefore, this work ascertains the high‑temperature resistance of CaO‑FeOx-Al2O3-SiO2-rich AAMs. Mortars were exposed to different heating rates (≤10 °C/min) and temperatures (≤1100 °C), and volume and mass loss, apparent density, compressive strength (CS), mineralogical co

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Lacerda, Iusley S., Antonio A. Silva, Eisenhawer M. Fernandes, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Piezoelectric Transducers for Low-Power Systems: A Focus on Vibration Energy Harvesting." Applied Sciences 14, no. 20 (2024): 9451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14209451.

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With advances in technology, the generation of electrical energy through the harvesting of energies dissipated in the form of mechanical vibration, known as power harvesting, has received increasing attention in recent decades. It is undoubtedly an interesting means to power systems with low energy consumption. This research aims to evaluate an energy generation system based on the piezoelectric effect activated by mechanical excitation and develop a system capable of powering devices and sensors for temperature monitoring in a practical situation, such as in an engine room, aiming to ensure i

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Mamais, D., A. Andreadakis, C. Noutsopoulos, and C. Kalergis. "Causes of, and control strategies for, Microthrix parvicella bulking and foaming in nutrient removal activated sludge systems." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (1998): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0569.

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Bench and pilot scale nutrient removal activated sludge units were used to examine the effect of factors such as temperature, substrate type (easily biodegradable in the form of acetate and slowly biodegradable in the form of oleic acid) on Microthrix parvicella growth. The configurations examined include complete mix with and without selectors (anoxic and anaerobic) and plug flow reactors. The results indicate that low temperatures and substrates in the form of long chain fatty acids favour the growth of M. parvicella. With respect to reactor configuration, a plug flow configuration was shown

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Guang, Jiaxu, Jiayi Lu, and Qing Ting. "Study on low-temperature treatment of nitrogen-containing wastewater by anaerobic biological filter with alkali-treated loofah-based filler." E3S Web of Conferences 341 (2022): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234101007.

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In this study, a new type of anaerobic biological filter (ABF) packed with alkali-treated loofah filler and a filler-free suspension growth control group (SBR) were used to cultivate the inoculated activated sludge to improve the activity and low temperature tolerance of the enriched anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria in the reactor. The results show that ABF and SBR were acclimated and started quickly, and the total nitrogen removal rate was maintained at 70.9% and 63.7%, respectively. Under the low temperature operating conditions, the total nitrogen removal rate of ABF maintained 59.9%, w

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Chen, Sarula, Tianxin Chang, and Yang Yang. "Experimental study on a modular thermo-activated building system for improving indoor thermal environment and energy saving." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601075.

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Thermo-activated Building Systems is an energy-efficient envelope insulation technology. In this paper, the Modular Thermo-activated Building Systems (MTABS) is proposed to enable flexible installation and maintenance of embedded pipe. Two scaled-down experimental rooms of the same size were built, in which the normal energy-saving wall (NW) and the MTABS wall were applied to the south-facing wall respectively. The MTABS for impacting on the indoor thermal environment and energy saving were measured in continuous low-grade heat injection mode under winter outdoor conditions in Hefei, and were

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Dohdoh, Ayman M., Ibrahim Hendy, Martina Zelenakova, and Ahmed Abdo. "Domestic Wastewater Treatment: A Comparison between an Integrated Hybrid UASB-IFAS System and a Conventional UASB-AS System." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041853.

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The current study presents a detailed evaluation and comparison between two integrated anaerobic–aerobic systems for biological wastewater treatment under equal conditions in all aspects (wastewater characteristics, climatic conditions, reactor sizing, and even the measurement methods). The two examined systems are (i) a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (hybrid UASB) coupled with integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and (ii) a conventional UASB coupled with activated sludge (AS). The present comparative study aims to evaluate and assess the effect of adding carrier-filling media

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Skripov, Alexander V., Alexei V. Soloninin, Olga A. Babanova, and Roman V. Skoryunov. "Anion and Cation Dynamics in Polyhydroborate Salts: NMR Studies." Molecules 25, no. 12 (2020): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122940.

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Polyhydroborate salts represent the important class of energy materials attracting significant recent attention. Some of these salts exhibit promising hydrogen storage properties and/or high ionic conductivities favorable for applications as solid electrolytes in batteries. Two basic types of thermally activated atomic jump motion are known to exist in these materials: the reorientational (rotational) motion of complex anions and the translational diffusion of cations or complex anions. The present paper reviews recent progress in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of both reorientationa

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Seo, Moo-Jung, and Jae-Chern Yoo. "Fully Automated Lab-On-A-Disc Platform for Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Using Micro-Carbon-Activated Cell Lysis." Sensors 20, no. 17 (2020): 4746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174746.

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Fast and fully automated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification methods are of interest in the research on lab-on-a-disc (LOD) platforms because of their full compatibility with the spin-column mechanism using centrifugal force. However, the standard procedures followed in DNA amplification require accurate noncontact temperature control as well as cell lysis at a low temperature to prevent damage to the LOD platform. This requirement makes it challenging to achieve full automation of DNA amplification on an LOD. In this paper, a fully automated LOD capable of performing cell lysis and ampl

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Subramaniam, Saveetha, and Vijayalakshmi Arumugam. "Magnifying the GCD behaviour of FePO4 composite with low temperature plasma exposed Bamboo charcoal enforced in energy storage devices." Zastita materijala 64, no. 4 (2023): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2304519s.

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Materials based on phosphate have been suggested as suitable electrode components for energy storage devices and also indicated that the phosphate framework can help to keep active sites stable. The physical and chemical properties of Fe-based phosphates make them promising cathode compounds for energy storage systems. In this work, the additive carbonous material as a bamboo charcoal (BCC) which was prepared and activated using the pyrolysis process. The irradiation of DC glow discharge plasma improved the surface attributes such as wettability, adhesion, and conductivity. Here, the hydrother

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Öztan, Hazal, and Duygu Uysal. "Determination of adsorption capacities of N₂ and CO₂ on commercial activated carbon and adsorption isotherm models." E3S Web of Conferences 433 (2023): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343301004.

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In today’s technologies of gas purification systems, adsorption processes offer more advantages than traditional processes (amine absorption and cryogenic distillation). Thanks to advantages such as high efficiency, low energy consumption and ease of operation, the adsorption process plays an important role in today’s natural gas purification and carbon capturing processes. In order to bring natural gas to the usage standards and to ensure carbon capture in the emission sources (coal mines, landfills, agricultural activities, etc.) that emit CO2-CH4 as a result of human activities, it is extre

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Vu, Ngoc-Thuy, and Khac-Uan Do. "A STUDY ON COMBINATION OF BIOCHAR AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE FOR REMOVING AMMONIUM FROM LOW C/N RATIO WASTEWATER." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 5A (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/5a/15198.

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Grey domestic wastewater from septic tank contains high nitrogen content and low C/N ratio. Therefore, the aerobic biological treatment is often not effective for ammonium and nitrogen removal. The aim of this work was to study the performance of nitrogen removal and production of aerobic granular sludge using biochar produced from coffee husk pyrolyzed at 350oC as biocarrier. It was performed under the lab-scale SBR systems. Low C/N ratio domestic wastewater was used for this work. Coffee husk biochar (CFH 350) was added into the systems at different dosage. As a result, the biochar made from

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BAENNINGER, MATTHIAS, ARINDAM GHOSH, MICHAEL PEPPER, HARVEY E. BEERE, IAN FARRER, and DAVID A. RITCHIE. "MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCED INSTABILITIES IN LOCALIZED TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 12n13 (2009): 2708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209062232.

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The results of extensive transport studies in localized regime of mesoscopic two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) with varying disorder are presented. A quick overview of previously achieved result is given. The main focus is on the observation of density dependent instabilities manifested by strong resistance oscillations induced by high perpendicular magnetic fields B⊥. While the amplitude of the oscillations is strongly enhanced with increasing B⊥, their position in electron density remains unaffected. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows a transition from an activated behavio

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Lin, Jun-Hong, and Ming-Shean Chou. "Temperature effects on Henry's law constants for four VOCs in air-activated sludge systems." Atmospheric Environment 40, no. 14 (2006): 2469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.037.

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Vryonis, Orestis, Alun S. Vaughan, Thomas Andritsch, Peter H. F. Morshuis, and Aurore Claverie. "On Molecular Dynamics and Charge Transport in a Flexible Epoxy Resin Network." Materials 15, no. 18 (2022): 6413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186413.

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An epoxy based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A was reacted with a long-chain poly(oxypropylene diamine) hardener in the presence of an accelerator, resulting in a flexible epoxy network. Tensile properties were tested as a function of accelerator concentration. All systems exhibited high levels of extensibility, with strain at failure values in excess of 65%. Molecular dynamics in a formulation containing 10 phr of accelerator were then examined using dielectric spectroscopy over the temperature range of 103–433 K. At low temperatures, a molecular relaxation process (γ relaxation) was obser

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Wang, Ji-Tao, Yong-Zhong Wan, David Wei Zhang, Zhi-Jie Liu, and Zhong-Qiang Huang. "Calculated phase diagrams for activated low pressure diamond growth from C–H, C–O, and C–H–O systems." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 12 (1997): 3250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0426.

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Three-dimensional temperature (T)–pressure (P)–composition (X) phase diagrams of binary carbon-hydrogen (C–H) and carbon-oxygen (C–O) systems for activated low pressure diamond growth have been calculated. Based on an approximation of linear combination between C–H and C–O systems, a projective ternary carbonhydrogen-oxygen (C–H–O) phase diagram has also been obtained. There is always a diamond growth region in each of these phase diagrams. Once a supply of external activating energy stops, the diamond growth region will not exist. Nearly all of the reliable experimental data reported in the l

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Obradovic, N., S. Filipovic, V. B. Pavlovic, A. Maricic, N. Mitrovic, and M. M. Ristic. "Sintering of mechanically activated magnesium-titanate and barium-zinc-titanate ceramics." Science of Sintering 43, no. 2 (2011): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1102145o.

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In this article the influence of mechanical activation on sintering process of magnesium-titanate and barium-zinc-titanate ceramics has been investigated. Both nonactivated and mixtures treated in planetary ball mill for 80 minutes were sintered at 1100?C and 1300?C. The influence of mechanical activation on phase composition and crystal structure has been analyzed by XRD, while the effect of activation and sintering process on microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that temperature of 1100?C was to low to induce final sintering stage for both

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Jurczyk, Barbara, Ewa Pociecha, Janusz Košcielniak, and Marcin Rapacz. "Different photosynthetic acclimation mechanisms are activated under waterlogging in two contrasting Lolium perenne genotypes." Functional Plant Biology 43, no. 10 (2016): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp15339.

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Increased precipitation and snowmelt during warmer winters may lead to low-temperature waterlogging of plants. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important cool-season grasses in agriculture. It is well adapted to cold climates, and may be considered as a model system for studying the mechanisms involved in cold acclimation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of waterlogging on photosynthetic acclimation to cold in perennial ryegrass. Two L. perenne genotypes that differ in their responses to waterlogging in terms of freezing tolerance were compared. We ev

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Pesaran, A. A. "Desiccant Degradation in Desiccant Cooling Systems: An Experimental Study." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 115, no. 4 (1993): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930052.

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We conducted experiments to quantify the effects of thermal cycling and exposure to contamination on solid desiccant materials that may be used in desiccant cooling systems. The source of contamination was cigarette smoke, which is considered one of the worst pollutants in building cooling applications. We exposed five different solid desiccants to “ambient” and “contaminated” humid air: silica gel, activated alumina, activated carbon, molecular sieves, and lithium chloride. We obtained the moisture capacity of samples as a function of exposure time. Compared to virgin desiccant samples, the c

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Erdal, U. G., Z. K. Erdal, and C. W. Randall. "A thermal adaptation of bacteria to cold temperatures in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal system." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 11 (2003): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0595.

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Temperature is one of the key parameters that affects the reaction kinetics and performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. Although studies agree regarding the effect of temperature on kinetic reaction rates, there are contradictory results in the literature regarding the effect of temperature on EBPR system performance. Early investigators (Sell, Ekama et al., Daigger et al.) reported better performance with lower temperatures, but others have reported partial or complete loss of EBPR functions at low temperatures (McClintock et al., Brdjanovic et al., Beatons et al

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Кравец, В. А., Е. В. Иванова, К. Н. Орехова та ін. "Низкотемпературный синтез стеклокерамики с кристаллитами YNbO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- : Eu-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-". Оптика и спектроскопия 129, № 2 (2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2021.02.50559.179-20.

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The main purpose of this work was to carry out a low-temperature synthesis of glass ceramics containing YNbO4:Eu3+ crystallites and to study the structural and luminescent properties of the obtained samples. Within the framework of this work, the inclusions that crystallized under the conditions of low-temperature synthesis in the systems of SiO2-Na2O-K2O-Y2O3-Nb2O5-Eu2O3 (SiNaK) and B2O5-Na2O-Y2O3-Nb2O5-Eu2O3 (BNa) were investigated for the first time. It was shown that YNbO4: Eu3+ crystallized in both considered systems. In the SiNaK system the crystallization of SiO2 also occurred (quartz,

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Hall, E. R., and W. G. Randle. "Chlorinated Phenolics Removal from Bleached Kraft Mill Wastewater in Three Secondary Treatment Processes." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (1994): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0712.

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Laboratory-scale activated sludge (AS), facultative stabilization basin (FSB) and aerated stabilization basin (ASB) processes were operated in parallel treating bleached kraft mill effluent under controlled SRT and temperature conditions, to assess the chlorinated phenolics removal efficiencies attainable in each. The structure and extent of chlorination of the chlorophenolic compounds monitored appeared to contribute to the differing removal efficiencies observed. Under most operating conditions, treatment process effluents contained chronically toxic levels of pentachlorophenol-equivalent to

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Zhou, Yuxing, Baicheng Mei, and Kenneth S. Schweizer. "Activated relaxation in supercooled monodisperse atomic and polymeric WCA fluids: Simulation and ECNLE theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 11 (2022): 114901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079221.

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We combine simulation and Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin Equation (ECNLE) theory to study the activated relaxation in monodisperse atomic and polymeric Weeks–Chandler–Andersen (WCA) liquids over a wide range of temperatures and densities in the supercooled regime under isochoric conditions. By employing novel crystal-avoiding simulations, metastable equilibrium dynamics is probed in the absence of complications associated with size polydispersity. Based on a highly accurate structural input from integral equation theory, ECNLE theory is found to describe well the simulated density a

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Song, Kyoung Ho, Soon Kwan Jeong, Byung Hun Jeong, Kwan-Young Lee, and Hak Joo Kim. "Acid/Base-Treated Activated Carbon Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Endothermic Cracking of N-Dodecane with Applications in Hypersonic Vehicle Heat Management Systems." Catalysts 10, no. 10 (2020): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101149.

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Hypersonic aircrafts suffer from heat management problems caused by the air friction produced at high speeds. The supercritical catalytic cracking of fuel is endothermic and can be exploited to remove heat from the aircraft surfaces using specially designed heat management systems. Here, we report that an acid/base-treated activated carbon (AC) catalyst shows superior performance to the conventional ZSM-5 catalyst at 4 MPa and 450 °C. Further, under these conditions, coke formation is thermodynamically avoided. Of the prepared catalysts, the AC catalyst treated with NaOH and subsequently with

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Mamais, D., and D. Jenkins. "The Effects of MCRT and Temperature on Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (1992): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0537.

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Temperature and low mean cell residence time (MCRT) effects on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were investigated in continuous flow bench-scale activated sludge systems treating settled domestic wastewater supplemented with 50 mg/l acetate over ranges of MCRT and temperature of 2-4 days and 13.5-20° C respectively. Temperature effects (10-37°C) on anaerobic soluble COD (CODsol) uptake and soluble P release (Psol) and aerobic Psol uptake rates were studied in batch. For the temperature range studied, EBPR functioned efficiently at MCRT ≥ 2.9 day; below 2.9 day MCRT EBPR is lost at

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Cox, Jordan, Ian Walton, Dinesh Patel, Mengyang Xu, Andrea Markelz, and Jason Benedict. "Photochromism in a New Light: Temperature-Dependent in situ Photocrystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092328.

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Organic photochromic molecules including diarylethenes are of particular interest for their potential applications in fields of high density optical data storage and light-activated switches, among many others. However, one of the limitations in diarylethene-based systems has been the low photoconversion observed in neat single crystals which is often less than 20%. The low conversion is typically believed to be the result of screening effects in which the photoisomerized molecules at the surface absorb incident light preventing full isomerization of the crystal. To assess the effect of screen

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Fontanezi, Barbara S., Juliana D. Bronzato, Nelson T. Mohara, Adriana de-Jesus-Soares, and Marcos Frozoni. "Assessment of the root surface temperature during the use of intracanal agitation systems: In vitro study." Brazilian Dental Journal 34, no. 4 (2023): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202305517.

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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the temperature changes that the different methods of agitation of irrigants promote on the external dental root surface. Nine extracted human lower premolars were standardized by cone-beam computed tomography and used. The root canal was instrumented with a Reciproc 40.06 file. Temperature measurement was performed using K-type thermocouple sensors attached to the middle, cervical, and apical thirds of the teeth. The teeth had their roots immersed in distilled water at 37ºC, which were distributed into 3 experimental groups according to the mechanical agi

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Plósz, Benedek Gy, Helge Liltved, and Harsha Ratnaweera. "Climate change impacts on activated sludge wastewater treatment: a case study from Norway." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 2 (2009): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.386.

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We present an investigation on climate change effects on a wastewater treatment system that receive sewage collected in a combined sewer system in Oslo, Norway, during winter operation. Results obtained, by contrasting meteorological data with sewage data, show that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent flow rates are significantly increased during temporary snow melting periods above a critical daily air mean temperature of approx. −1.5°C degree (TCrit) identified in the area. In order to assess melting patterns, the number of days above and below TCrit was assessed, and the annual numbe

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