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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-temperature sol-gel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Agrawal, Dinesh K., and James H. Adair. "Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Synthesis of NaZr2P3O12." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 73, no. 7 (1990): 2153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05293.x.

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2

Ardizzone, Silvia, Giuseppe Cappelletti, Mariana Ionita, Alessandro Minguzzi, Sandra Rondinini, and Alberto Vertova. "Low-temperature sol–gel nanocrystalline tin oxide." Electrochimica Acta 50, no. 22 (2005): 4419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.005.

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3

Bao, Li, Xi Wei Qi, Bo Ni, Min Zhang, and Rui Bin Mei. "BiFeO₃ Powders Synthesized by Different Sol-Gel Methods." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.84.

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The multiferroic BiFeO3 powders with perovskite structure were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion and conventional sol-gel methods, respectively. As-prepared powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and VSM techniques to investigate phase structure, microstructure and magnetic properties. The results show that the pure phase BiFeO3 powders are obtained successfully by sol-gel auto-combustion after calcining at 650°C for 2h and leaching by HNO3. Compared with conventional sol-gel method which got pure phase BiFeO3 powders at 800°C for 3h, the sol-gel auto-combustion technique can get more pur

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4

Xie, Jinggang, Jinxia Li, Hui Zhan, and Yunhong Zhou. "Low-temperature sol–gel synthesis of Li1.2V3O8 from V2O5 gel." Materials Letters 57, no. 18 (2003): 2682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(02)01356-3.

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5

Inoue, Kazuhiro, Masachika Hama, Yoshio Kobayashi, Yusuke Yasuda та Toshiaki Morita. "Low Temperature Synthesis of α-Alumina with a Seeding Technique". ISRN Ceramics 2013 (5 листопада 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/317830.

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This paper reports a method for producing α-Al2O3 at low temperature, which uses a seeding technique. White precipitate of aluminum hydroxide, which was prepared with a homogeneous precipitation method using aluminum nitrate and urea in aqueous solution, was peptized by using acetic acid at room temperature and then transformed to a transparent alumina sol. To the alumina sol α-Al2O3 particles were added as a seed, and then the sol containing α-Al2O3 particles was transformed to an α-Al2O3-seeded alumina gel by drying the sol at room temperature. The nonseeded alumina gel was amorphous or fine

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6

Vinogradov, Alexandr V., and Vladimir V. Vinogradov. "Low-temperature sol–gel synthesis of crystalline materials." RSC Adv. 4, no. 86 (2014): 45903–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04454a.

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7

Sorek, Y., R. Reisfeld, I. Finkelstein, and S. Ruschin. "Sol‐gel glass waveguides prepared at low temperature." Applied Physics Letters 63, no. 24 (1993): 3256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110166.

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8

Deng, S. S., C. M. Tan, J. Wei, W. B. Yu, S. M. L. Nai, and H. Xie. "Low-temperature sol–gel intermediate layer wafer bonding." Thin Solid Films 496, no. 2 (2006): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.371.

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9

Daoud, Walid A., and John H. Xin. "Low Temperature Sol-Gel Processed Photocatalytic Titania Coating." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 29, no. 1 (2004): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jsst.0000016134.19752.b4.

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10

Han, Ye-Ji, Se Hyeong Lee, So-Young Bak, Tae-Hee Han, Sangwoo Kim, and Moonsuk Yi. "Performance Improvement of ZnSnO Thin-Film Transistors with Low-Temperature Self-Combustion Reaction." Electronics 10, no. 9 (2021): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091099.

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Conventional sol-gel solutions have received significant attention in thin-film transistor (TFT) manufacturing because of their advantages such as simple processing, large-scale applicability, and low cost. However, conventional sol-gel processed zinc tin oxide (ZTO) TFTs have a thermal limitation in that they require high annealing temperatures of more than 500 °C, which are incompatible with most flexible plastic substrates. In this study, to overcome the thermal limitation of conventional sol-gel processed ZTO TFTs, we demonstrated a ZTO TFT that was fabricated at low annealing temperatures

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11

Kim, Jaehoon. "Study of low-temperature sol–gel processed In-doped ZnO for organic photovoltaics." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (2022): 095117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109536.

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This article studies low-temperature sol–gel processed indium (In)-doped ZnO (IZO) for highly efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Contrary to the prior research trends adopting doped sol–gel processed ZnO with an annealing temperature of over 400 °C for the hydrolysis reaction, IZO with an annealing temperature of 200 °C is studied. Similar to the high-temperature solvent system, it is elucidated that low-temperature sol–gel processed IZO effectively improves the performance of OPVs, increasing the power conversion efficiency from 6.80% to 7.35%. For further analyses, the current–voltage (

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12

Huan, Yu, Xiao Hui Wang, and Long Tu Li. "Low-Temperature Sintering and Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties in KNN-LTS Nanopowder Prepared via a Low-Cost Water-Based Sol-Gel Method." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.795.

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nanoscale lead-free perovskite powders with a composition of (Na0.52K0.4425Li0.0375)(Nb0.9125Ta0.0375Sb0.05)O3 (KNN-LTS) have been synthesized via a low-cost water-based sol-gel method, to reduce the sintering temperature and enhance the electrical properties. KNN-LTS nanopowders with average particle size of about 20 nm are obtained by citrate precursor sol-gel process, where Nb (OH)5 and Sb2O3 are used to replace the costly mental alkoxides. The sol-gel derived nanopowders can be densified at lower temperature of 940 °C and exhibited excellent electrical properties after sintering at 1020 °C

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13

Lisnevskaya, I. V., I. A. Bobrova, A. V. Petrova, and T. G. Lupeiko. "Low-temperature sol-gel synthesis of modified nickel ferrite." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 57, no. 4 (2012): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023612040171.

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14

Takeishi, T., and R. W. Whatmore. "Low temperature sol gel synthesis of PST thin films." Le Journal de Physique IV 08, PR9 (1998): Pr9–57—Pr9–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1998908.

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15

Li, Hong, Gaoling Zhao, Zhijun Chen, Bin Song, and Gaorong Han. "TiO2-Ag Nanocomposites by Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Processing." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 2 (2010): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03441.x.

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16

Yun, Young Jin, Jin Suk Chung, Sunwook Kim, Sung Hong Hahn, and Eui Jung Kim. "Low-temperature coating of sol–gel anatase thin films." Materials Letters 58, no. 29 (2004): 3703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.07.018.

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17

Vinogradov, A. V., A. V. Agafonov, and V. V. Vinogradov. "Low-temperature sol–gel synthesis photochromic Cu/TiO2 films." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 515 (February 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.11.004.

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18

Amutharani, D., and F. D. Gnanam. "Low temperature pressureless sintering of sol-gel derived mullite." Materials Science and Engineering: A 264, no. 1-2 (1999): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(98)01094-6.

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19

DENG, S. S., J. WEI, C. M. TAN, M. L. NAI, W. B. YU, and H. XIE. "LOW TEMPERATURE SILICON WAFER BONDING BY SOL-GEL PROCESSING." International Journal of Computational Engineering Science 04, no. 03 (2003): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1465876303001976.

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20

Grace, J. M., and A. C. Anderson. "Low-temperature thermal properties of a sol-gel glass." Physical Review B 33, no. 10 (1986): 7186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.33.7186.

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21

Strehlow, P. "Low temperature sensors prepared by the sol-gel process." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 121, no. 1-3 (1990): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(90)90176-m.

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22

Matsuyama, Akihiko. "Thermoreversible Gel-Dispersed Liquid Crystals." Gels 9, no. 12 (2023): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9120965.

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A simple model is introduced to describe phase behaviours of binary mixtures of a thermoreversible gel and a low-molecular-weight liquid crystal (LC). We predict novel phase diagrams on the temperature–concentration plane, including sol–gel transition, nematic–isotropic phase transition, and phase separation. At high temperatures, the phase separation between the isotropic sol and gel phases appears. As the temperature decreases, we have the phase separation between nematic sol and isotropic gel phases, in which the nematic domains are dispersed in the isotropic gel phase. We suggest that ther

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23

Staněk, T., A. Rybová, I. Khongová, and A. Zezulová. "Low-temperature synthesis of binder with belite content." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2568, no. 1 (2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2568/1/012005.

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Abstract Sol-gel methods or hydrothermal treatment in combination with low-temperature burning are used for low-temperature syntheses of hydraulically active dicalcium silicate. The paper describes a two-stage preparation process without the use of an autoclave. In the first phase, the precursors of hydraulically active phases are prepared. In the second phase, burning up to 1000 °C takes place to form a C2S-based binder. Unlike commonly used procedures of the sol-gel method, solid raw materials and water are used. The main raw materials are quicklime and a source of SiO2 and then various acti

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24

Zulfugarova, S. M., G. R. Azimova, Z. F. Aleskeroiva, G. M. Guseinli, and D. B. Tagiyev. "Catalytic activity of Co, Cu and Mn oxide catalysts synthesized by the sol-gel combustion method in the low-temperature oxidation of carbon oxide." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 59, no. 2 (2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2023-59-2-105-114.

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The synthesis of catalysts based on cobalt, copper and manganese oxides by sol-gel method with combustion was carried out, and their catalytic activity was studied in the reaction of low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide to dioxide. Oxides of cobalt, copper and manganese, as well as their double oxides (Co–Mn, Cu–Mn and Co–Cu) were synthesized. X-ray phase analysis showed the formation of manganites and oxides of corresponding metals in the Co–Mn and Cu–Mn systems. It was revealed that in the Co–Cu system only oxides of separate metals are formed. It was found that cobaltmanganese and c

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25

He, Ming, Shu Ren Zhang, Xiao Hua Zhou, Jian Geng Hu, Ting Zhang, and Bo Li. "Dielectric and Sintering Properties of the Doping CaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂ System Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.371.

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. A doping CaO-B2O3-SiO2 system low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) was prepared with a mixture of high temperature melting glass and sol-gel glass for different ratio. The effects of sol-gel glass content on the microstructure, crystalline phases, sintering properties and dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 system were investigated at 850°C. The results show that the samples with sol-gel glass doping had little change in phase composition, but contained more calcium silicates, and less calcium borate. As the amount of sol-gel glass increased, the shrinkage improved, the sintered densi

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26

Conroy, John F., Mary E. Power, and Pamela M. Norris. "Applications for Sol-Gel-Derived Materials in Medicine and Biology." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 5, no. 1 (2000): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00050-4.

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Sol-gel chemistry provides a novel production route for ceramics and composites that have a variety of applications in medicine, biology, and biochemistry. Advantages of sol-gel-derived materials in these applications include simple, low temperature production routes that are capable of achieving temperature, chemical, and radiation-inert porous materials with a wide range of structural and microstructural properties. Furthermore, sol-gel-derived materials display remarkable compatibility with biomacromolecules and are conveniently functionalized with a variety of coupling agents. The properti

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27

Zulfugarova, Sima M., Zuleikha F. Aleskerova, Gunel R. Azimova, and Ulduz R. Guliyeva. "COMBINATION OF MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY WITH SOL-GEL METHOD WITH AUTO-COMBUSTION FOR OBTAINING CATALYSTS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE." Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre of RAS. Series: Engineering Sciences 2, no. 2/2023 (2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2949-1215.2023.14.2.016.

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The results of a study of the reaction of carbon monoxide oxidation on double and triple cobalt-containing oxide catalysts obtained by the sol-gel method with auto-combustion and the use of microwave technology are presented. The conditions for combining microwave treatment with the sol-gel method with auto-combustion are established. The use of microwave energy to "ignite" the gel without further prolonged irradiation, the catalytic activity of the obtained oxide systems in the oxidative conversion of carbon monoxide is comparable to the activity of similar samples obtained by the sol-gel met

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28

Kobayashi, Yoshio, Yusuke Mabuchi, Masachika Hama, Katsumi Yamamura, Yusuke Yasuda, and Toshiaki Morita. "Effects of Seeding with Nanocrystallites and Addition of Inorganic Alumina Sol on Crystallization of Alkoxide Alumina Gel." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.12.

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This paper reports a method for producing α-Al2O3 at low temperature from aluminum alkoxide using a combination of seeding of α-Al2O3 nanocryatallites and adding of inorganic alumina sol. An alkoxide alumina sol was obtained by hydrolyzing aluminum isopropoxide in water at 80°C and then peptizing the hydrolyzed aluminum isopropoxide using acetic acid at 80°C. An inorganic alumina sol was obtained by producing aluminum compound with a homogeneous precipitation method using aluminum nitrate and urea in aqueous solution and then peptizing the aluminum compound using acetic acid at room temperatur

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29

Bandeira, L. C., P. S. Calefi, K. J. Ciuffi, E. J. Nassar, I. M. M. Salvado, and M. H. F. V. Fernandes. "Low temperature synthesis of bioactive materials." Cerâmica 57, no. 342 (2011): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132011000200006.

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Bioactive materials possess properties that allow them to interact with natural tissues to induce reactions that favor the development and regeneration of those tissues. In this study, silica was prepared by the sol-gel method, using tetraethylorthosilicate as the precursor. The calcium and phosphor sources used here were calcium ethoxy and phosphoric acid, respectively, in ethanol solvent. The solid obtained was dried at 50 ºC. In vitro bioactivity assays were performed by soaking the materials in simulated body fluid (SBF). The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (

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30

Pigalskiy, K. S., A. A. Vishnev, E. D. Baldin, and L. I. Trakhtenberg. "Synthesis of HTSP Y1<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>x</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>y</sub> by Sol-Gel and Solid-Phase Methods." Химическая физика 43, no. 3 (2024): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0207401x24030136.

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A modified version of using of the sol-gel process at the initial stage of the synthesis of a high-temperature superconductor (HTSC) Y1-xFexBa2Cu3Oy with low Fe doping is proposed. The properties of samples obtained by sol-gel and solid-state synthesis have been compared. It has been shown that a more uniform distribution of the dopant throughout the volume of the sol-gel samples makes it possible to obtain materials with improved microstructural and performance characteristics.

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31

Feng, Kaiping, Tianchen Zhao, Binghai Lyu, and Zhaozhong Zhou. "Ultra-precision grinding of 4H-SiC wafer by PAV/PF composite sol-gel diamond wheel." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 9 (2021): 168781402110449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211044929.

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To eliminate the deep scratches on the 4H-SiC wafer surface in the grinding process, a PVA/PF composite sol-gel diamond wheel was proposed. Diamond and fillers are sheared and dispersed in the polyvinyl alcohol-phenolic resin composite sol glue, repeatedly frozen at a low temperature of −20°C to gel, then 180°C sintering to obtain the diamond wheel. Study shows that the molecular chain of polyvinyl alcohol-phenolic resin is physically cross-linked to form gel under low-temperature conditions. Tested by mechanical property testing machines, microhardness tester, and SEM. The results show that m

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32

Abdul Razzaq, Farah, та Adnan Jabur. "Evaluation of α-Alumina Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method". Basrah journal for engineering science 24, № 2 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.24.2.1.

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Nanoparticles show mechanical, electrical, chemical and optical properties that are different and superior to bulk materials. In the present work, α-Alumina nanoparticles were synthesized using the nonorganic Sol-Gel method under controlled conditions. Because of the low cost of its raw materials, low manufacturing temperature and the high purity of the product, Sol-Gel method is the best in the manufacture of nanostructures like metal oxide nanoparticles. The precursor of the Sol-Gel process was aluminum nitrate with ethanol. The prepared nanopowder was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), s

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33

Аверин, И. А., И. А. Пронин, Н. Д. Якушова та ін. "Адаптация золь-гель технологии наноструктурированного оксида цинка для целей гибкой электроники". Журнал технической физики 89, № 12 (2019): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.12.48492.227-19.

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Abstract The possibility of replacing classical sol-gel operation methods of high-temperature annealing by photo-annealing using ultraviolet-range radiation has been analyzed. A technique for synthesizing hierarchically organized zinc oxide films using sol-gel technology based on the parallel combination of low-temperature treatment and UV photo-annealing is proposed. Spectroscopic studies of the qualitative composition of the film-forming sol and nanomaterials based on it, obtained on various types of substrates, have been carried out before and after initiation of photochemical reactions.

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34

Li, Qiang, Wei Ying Liu, Guo Yin Sun, and Juan Fang Shang. "Research Progress of Combined Application of Sol-Gel and Electrochemistry." Key Engineering Materials 768 (April 2018): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.768.119.

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There were many advantages for functional materials production using Sol-gel method, such as low operating temperature and easy doping. So, it was widely used in materials preparation, such as nano powders, films, functional glass, nanoceramic and modified electrode. The sol-gel modified electrode has extensive application in electrochemical analysis and electrochemical sensors. In addition, the film by electrodeposition can be tightly assembled on electrode substrate and its structure and shape can be easily regulated. So, The two methods are combined to make better use of their respective ad

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35

Murakami, Hirohiko, Seiji Yaegashi, Junya Nishino, Yuh Shiohara, and Shoji Tanaka. "Low-Temperature Synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7-xand YBa2Cu4O8by Sol-Gel Method." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 29, Part 1, No. 12 (1990): 2715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.29.2715.

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36

Liu, Ting, Yebin Xu, and Jingyuan Zhao. "Low-Temperature Synthesis of BiFeO3 via PVA Sol-Gel Route." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 11 (2010): 3637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03945.x.

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37

Ito, Yasuyuki, Maho Ushikubo, Seiichi Yokoyama, et al. "New low temperature processing of sol-gel SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films." Integrated Ferroelectrics 14, no. 1-4 (1997): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584589708019984.

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38

Hou, Yu-Dong, Lei Hou, Ting-Ting Zhang, Man-Kang Zhu, Hao Wang, and Hui Yan. "(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3Nanowires: Low-Temperature Sol?Gel?Hydrothermal Synthesis and Densification." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90, no. 6 (2007): 1738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01657.x.

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39

Hsiao, Yu-Jen, Yen-Hwei Chang, Yee-Shin Chang, and Te-Hua Fang. "Low-Temperature Preparation of Ba5Nb4O15Ceramics Through a Sol?Gel Process." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90, no. 7 (2007): 2287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01729.x.

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40

Innocenzi, Plinio, Alessandro Martucci, Lidia Armelao, Silvia Licoccia, Maria Luisa Di Vona та Enrico Traversa. "Sol−Gel Synthesis of β-Al2TiO5Thin Films at Low Temperature". Chemistry of Materials 12, № 2 (2000): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm991134i.

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41

Spierings, G. A. C. M., H. A. M. van Hal, and W. C. Keur. "Sol-gel lead borate glass films for low-temperature bonding." Journal of Materials Science Letters 14, no. 6 (1995): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00274563.

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42

Tan, C. M., S. S. Deng, J. Wei, and W. B. Yu. "Mechanism of sol–gel intermediate layer low temperature wafer bonding." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38, no. 8 (2005): 1308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/8/031.

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43

Hirano, Tomio, Hiroki Kawai, Hisao Suzuki, Shoji Kaneko, and Tatsuya Wada. "Low temperature processing of sol-gel derived PLZT thin film." Ferroelectrics 231, no. 1 (1999): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199908014533.

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44

Cosentino, I. C., E. N. S. Muccillo, R. Muccillo, and F. M. Vichi. "Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Synthesis of Single-Phase ZrTiO4 Nanoparticles." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 37, no. 1 (2006): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-005-5062-2.

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45

Vinogradov, Alexandr V., and Vladimir V. Vinogradov. "ChemInform Abstract: Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Synthesis of Crystalline Materials." ChemInform 46, no. 2 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201502211.

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46

Mei, Quan Jing, Cong Ying Li, Jing Dong Guo, Gui Wang, and Hai Tao Wu. "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline ZnTiO₃ Powders by Aqueous Sol-Gel Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3741.

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The ecandrewsite-type ZnTiO3was successfully synthesized by the aqueous sol-gel method using TiO2dioxide and zinc nitrate as starting materials instead of expensive organic solvent and metal alkoxides. The as-prepared nanopowders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results showed that the calcination process of gel consisted of a series of oxidation and combustion reactions, accompanied by significantly exothermal effects. Highly reactive nanosized ZnTiO3powders were successfully obtain

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47

Chan, C. M., G. Z. Cao, H. Fong, M. Sarikaya, T. Robinson, and L. Nelson. "Nanoindentation and adhesion of sol-gel-derived hard coatings on polyester." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 1 (2000): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0025.

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We investigated sol-gel-derived silica-based hard coatings on modified polyester substrates. The silica network was modified by incorporating an organic component and adding transition metal oxides. These modifications resulted in tailored thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of the coatings. Various low-temperature densification techniques were studied including sol-preparation procedure, enhanced solvent evaporation, ultraviolet irradiation, and low-temperature heating (below 150 °C). Oxygen plasma etching was applied to improve the adhesion of the sol-gel coatings on the plastic surf

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48

Pradhan, S. K., A. Chatterjee, A. Datta, M. De, and D. Chakravorty. "Low temperature mullite formation from sol-gel precursors by hot pressing." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 10 (1994): 2474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2474.

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The mullite phase has been synthesized by subjecting a suitably chosen precursor gel to different pressure and temperature conditions. At ambient pressure mullite phase grows at a temperature of 1400 °C when the gel is heated for 2 h. At a pressure of 24 bar, on the other hand, similar growth occurs at a temperature of 750 °C for 5 min.

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49

Jin, Xin, Xing Hua Fu, Wen Hong Tao, and Yang Lu Hou. "Piezoelectric Properties Study of KNN-LS Lead-Free Ceramics Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.15.

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Morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition, KNaNbO3-0.052LiSbO3(KNN-LS) was synthesized by sol-gel method at this experiment. Sb2O3 was used as economic Sb source and the final dried gel was calcined at 650°C for 2h to obtain white nanopowder. The sintering experiment was carried out at the temperature range of 980°C-1130°C, and perovskite phase structure could be observed apparently below 1080°C. When the temperature reached 1080°C and above, the second phase Na3LiNb6O17 appeared meanwhile the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) decreased quickly. Its proven that fine-grained particles and low

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50

Kalasina, Saran, Taweechai Amornsakchai, and Udom Asawapirom. "Modification of Solvolytic Sol-Gel Synthesis for Low Temperature TiO₂DSSC Photoelectrode." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.39.

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Solvolytic sol-gel synthesis was applied for the low temperature production of photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). In this study, commercial TiO2 standard (Degussa P25) was used as the main component in the preparation of photoelectrode film. Addition of TiO2 gel prepared from a solvolytic sol-gel method reduced cracking in the dry film while still maintains porosity. Further modification by simply adding hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonia (NH3) increase porosity and improve interconnection between fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) layer on the substrate and the coated TiO2 layer

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