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1

Zahn, Levi K., David L. Cox, and Alec C. Gerry. "Mortality Rate of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) Exposed to Insecticidal Granular Fly Baits Containing Indoxacarb, Dinotefuran, or Cyantraniliprole." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 5 (2019): 2474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz170.

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Abstract The mortality rate of a field population of house fly (Musca domestica L.) was determined for a granular fly bait containing the active ingredient indoxacarb, which was compared to two commercially available granular fly baits containing either dinotefuran or cyantraniliprole. Indoxacarb was applied at three different application rates 0.498, 0.986, and 1.972 g/m2 (low, medium, and high). Time to 50% mortality was fastest for dinotefuran (5.7 h) and slowest for the low application rate of indoxacarb (10.3 h). Time to 90% mortality was fastest for the high application rate of indoxacar
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2

Fisher, P., and C. O'Connor. "Oral toxicity of p-aminopropiophenone to ferrets." Wildlife Research 34, no. 1 (2007): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06125.

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Ferrets (Mustela furo) are pests in New Zealand and new methods are being sought for their control. The hydrochloride form of p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) was highly toxic to ferrets when delivered by gavage, with LD50 and LD99 values of 15.52 and 20.80 mg kg–1, respectively. Signs of toxicosis progressed through pallor and cyanosis, impaired coordination, prostration with reduced responses to stimuli, with death in ~2 h. In a preliminary assessment of effective doses of PAPP in bait, 19 of 20 ferrets consumed chick carcasses containing ~46 mg PAPP within 40 min. Ferrets that ate chick baits al
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3

Rahayu, Resti, Intan P. Sari, Hafni Aurida, Solfiyeni Solfiyeni, Robby Jannatan, and Mairawita Mairawita. "The effectiveness of commercial gel baits against German cockroach Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767) in Indonesia." Polish Journal of Entomology 90, no. 2 - Ahead of print (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9056.

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Gel baits product sold commercially to the public has long been used to control German cockroach populations in urban areas. The effectiveness and resistance level of gel bait products need to be known for the successful control of German cockroaches in the field. However, there have been no reports of resistance in Indonesia. This study used toxicity tests of six gel bait products (MF, CBG, SPB, OTG, BTX, and UBA) against two populations of adult male German cockroaches (VCRU-WHO and RKMN-BKT). Fipronil, boric acid and emamectin benzoate containing gel baits were effective to knock down and k
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4

Tollerup, Kris E., Michael K. Rust, Keith W. Dorschner, Phil A. Phillips, and John H. Klotz. "Low-toxicity baits control ants in citrus orchards and grape vineyards." California Agriculture 58, no. 4 (2004): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v058n04p213.

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5

Nyamukondiwa, Casper, and Pia Addison. "Food Preference and Foraging Activity of Ants: Recommendations for Field Applications of Low-Toxicity Baits." Journal of Insect Science 14, no. 48 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.014.48.

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6

J. Wedding, Chris, Weihong Ji, and Dianne H. Brunton. "Implications of visitations by Shore Skinks Oligosoma smithi to bait stations containing brodifacoum in a dune system in New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 16, no. 2 (2010): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100086.

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Brodifacoum is a highly toxic, second-generation anticoagulant developed for the control of rodent pests. However, information regarding the impacts of brodifacoum on non-target wildlife has been largely collected opportunistically and is generally avian biased. Reviews of non-target impacts of brodifacoum routinely regard reptiles and amphibians as low risk, despite there being no formal evidence supporting this assumption. Recent evidence suggests that some native lizard species will consume cereal baits in addition to toxin-loaded invertebrates. As part of a wider study, we quantified visit
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7

Pain, D. J., R. White, J. Stevenson, et al. "Toxicity and persistence of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) in the land crab (Gecarcinus lagostoma) on Ascension Island." Wildlife Research 35, no. 1 (2008): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07038.

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An eradication program for introduced feral cats, using sodium fluoroacetate (1080) bait, was planned on Ascension Island to help breeding seabird populations to recover. We investigated the likelihood of mortality and the occurrence of residual 1080 in the ‘non-target’ Ascension land crab (Gecarcinus lagostoma) through simulating ‘realistic’ and ‘worst case’ exposure to 1080 bait. Crabs feeding on 1080 baits ingested an estimated maximum of 9–56 mg 1080 (kg bodyweight)–1 and although two of 32 treatment crabs died, this mortality was not attributed to 1080 poisoning but to other, unknown, cau
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8

Grace, J. Kenneth. "Oral Toxicity of Barium Metaborate to the Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 1 (1990): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.112.

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The oral toxicity of barium metaborate monohydrate (Busan 11-Ml) to Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) was evaluated in no-choice assays by feeding termite workers for 15 and 30 days on filter papers treated with concentrations of 500–40,000 ppm (weight/weight). In the 15 day assay, 30,000 ppm resulted in 92 ± 17% termite mortality and a concomitant 86% reduction in paper consumption. Feeding for 30 days on 1,500 ppm resulted in 100% mortality. Reduced paper consumption was associated with termite mortality, and feeding on low concentrations did not differ from that on control papers. Concentrat
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9

Cesar-Ribeiro, Caio. "Lightsticks cause adverse effects on behavior and mortality of marine mysids Promysis atlantica." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 49, no. 4 (2021): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue4-fulltext-2651.

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Lightsticks baits are discharged into the ocean after their use in longline fishing. The traditional Brazilian community of Costa dos Coqueiros, Bahia, uses lightsticks as a medicine for rheumatism, vitiligo, and mycoses. It may affect marine life when its content leak into the ocean. This study assessed the toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) of lightsticks constituents on marine mysids Promysis atlantica. The internal solution was dissolved in seawater with ethanol. The lethal concentration of the contaminant that causes mortality in 50% of the exposed population (LC50) after 3h was
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10

Sapkota, Rajani, Michael J. Stout, and Gregg Henderson. "Residual Effects of Termiticides on Mortality of Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on Substrates Subjected to Flooding." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 1 (2019): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz293.

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Abstract Concerns on efficacies of termiticides used for soil treatment to prevent Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) infestations have prompted pest control companies to suggest that retreatments are necessary after flooding of homes. Therefore, to address concerns about the efficacy of termiticides after flooding, we designed a flooding simulation experiment in the laboratory. We used four formulated termiticides containing fipronil, imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, or bifenthrin as active ingredients (a.i.) and two colonies of field-collected C. formosanus for
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11

Jolly, SE, RJ Henderson, C. Frampton, and CT Eason. "Cholecalciferol Toxicity and Its Enhancement by Calcium Carbonate in the Common Brushtail Possum." Wildlife Research 22, no. 5 (1995): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950579.

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The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), an introduced pest in New Zealand, is susceptible to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), which is marketed as a rodenticide in many countries. To evaluate cholecalciferol for possum control we offered 242 caged adult possums cereal pellets containing cholecalciferol on its own or with calcium carbonate. Mortality was recorded for two weeks after presentation. For cholecalciferol on its own the LD50 was 16.8 mg kg-1 (95% confidence interval 11.6-21.9 mg kg-1), but the addition of calcium carbonate reduced this to 9.8 mg kg-1 (95% confidence interva
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12

Mcilroy, JC, EJ Gifford, and SM Carpenter. "The Effect of Rainfall and Blowfly Larvae on the Toxicity of '1080'-Treated Meat Baits Used in Poisoning Campaigns Against Wild Dogs." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880473.

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Meat baits injected with '1080' poison (sodium monofluoroacetate) according to the method recommended by the Department of Agriculture, New South Wales, Australia, for preparing baits for poisoning compaigns against wild dogs (Canis f. familiaris) and dingoes (C. f. dingo), began to lose their toxicity from the moment of preparation onwards, particularly after different rainfall treatments and when inhabited by calliphorid larvae. The main or most likely reasons for the loss of fluoroacetate were consumption by maggots (mainly larvae of Calliphora augur and C. stygia plus some C. hilli and C.
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13

Eason, CT, and CM Frampton. "Acute Toxicity of Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) Baits to Feral Cats." Wildlife Research 18, no. 4 (1991): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910445.

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Feral cat populations have a devastating effect on many native wildlife species. As part of a programme to evaluate improved predator control, feral cats were observed after they had ingested a polymer bait loaded with sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) 0.4-1.6 mg/g bait, equivalent to doses of 0.1-1.3 mg/kg body weight. Deaths occurred with 0.6 mg/g bait and all higher doses. With the highest dose all animals died within 24 h. An approximate oral LD50 of 0.28 mg/kg (0.07-0.49) and LD90 of 0.35 mg/kg (0.14-0.56) were calculated (with 95% confidence limits). Main symptoms were disorientation and l
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14

Obrien, PH, BS Lukins, and JA Beck. "Bait Type Influences the Toxicity of Sodium Monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) to Feral Pigs." Wildlife Research 15, no. 4 (1988): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880451.

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The toxicity of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) to captive feral pigs was compared in wheat and pellet bait. Mortality following 4.34 mg 1080 kg-1 was significantly higher among pigs receiving 1080 in wheat bait (60%, 24/40) than in pellet bait (28%, 11/40, X*2=7.31, 1 d.f., P<O.05). There were no significant differences between pigs receiving each bait type in terms of time until vomiting began, frequency, mass of vomitus produced, or in time until death. The amount and concentration of 1080 in vomitus and the proportion of 1080 dose ejected were unrelated to bait type. Surviving pigs prod
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15

Hariono, B., J. Ng, and RH Sutton. "Lead concentrations in tissues of fruit bats (Pteropus sp.) in urban and non-urban locations." Wildlife Research 20, no. 3 (1993): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930315.

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Lead concentrations were measured in tissues from 37 fruit bats from the Brisbane area and 5 bats from non-urban areas. On the basis of toxicity levels of 25 ug per g of kidney and 10 ug per g of liver, 11 of the Brisbane bats had concentrations consistent with toxicity. Other Brisbane bats had very high lead concentrations in bone and teeth. The lead concentrations in the non-urban bats were very low. Lead concentrations in the fur were variable but were highly correlated with concentrations in bones and teeth, reflecting long-term exposure to lead. High concentrations of lead were recovered
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16

Mcilroy, JC. "The Sensitivity of Australian Animals to 1080 Poison .9. Comparisons Between the Major Groups of Animals, and the Potential Danger Nontarget Species Face From 1080 Poisoning Campaigns." Wildlife Research 13, no. 1 (1986): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860039.

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The sensitivity of a species to 1080 poison is difficult to predict from toxicity data for other, closely related species. LD*50s of practical use for evaluating the risk species might face from 1080-poisoning campaigns can be obtained for untested members of some groups by the use of either values for similar species, regression equations involving body weight, or the lower 95% confidence limits of the distribution of LD*50S of members in each group. Among the 171 species for which there are data there was considerable variability in the time until signs of poisoning became apparent (0.1 h- &
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17

Quintero, Edgar Mauricio, Isabel Cristina Lopez, and Takumasa Kondo. "Manejo integrado de plagas como estrategia para el control de la mosca del botón floral del maracuyá Dasiops inedulis Steyskal (Diptera: Lonchaeidae)." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 13, no. 1 (2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol13_num1_art:237.

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<p>En el presente estudio se colectaron cuatro parasitoides de <em>Dasiops inedulis </em>Steyskal (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), i.e., uno de tipo larva-pupa identificado como <em>Utetes anastrephae </em>(Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), y tres parasitoides de pupas identificados como <em>Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae </em>Rondani, <em>Spalangia </em>sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) y <em>Aganaspis </em>sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae). En el campo se observaron daños ocasionados por una larva de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) sobre pupas centine
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18

Morgan, D. K. J., H. Kumar, N. Ling, and B. J. Hicks. "Toxicity effects of oral gavage of aqueous solutions of cube-root powder and sodium nitrite in common carp." Wildlife Research 40, no. 8 (2013): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12214.

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Context Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a highly invasive freshwater pest fish that has been linked to waterway degradation when it has been introduced and exists at high densities. The deployment of a toxic bait may be a logistically simple tool that wildlife managers could use to reduce carp populations. Rotenone, the piscicide most commonly used in previous attempts to produce a carp bait is very expensive, albeit highly toxic to carp. We investigated the toxicity of two potential alternative piscicides to carp. Aim To determine the oral toxicity of two alternative cheaper toxins to carp,
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19

Gomes, Mariana De Carvalho Aguiar Ribas, Vanderlúcia Fonseca de Paula, Aldenise Alves Moreira, Maria Aparecida Castellani, and Guadalupe Edilma Licona de Macedo. "Toxicity of plant extracts from Bahia, Brazil, to Atta sexdens sexdens workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Sociobiology 63, no. 2 (2016): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v63i2.936.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of extracts of Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth ex. Mull Arg. (leaf and bark), Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. (leaf and branch), Casearia sylvestris Sw. (leaf and bark), Erythroxylum affine A.St.-Hil. (leaf and branch), Esenbeckia grandiflora Mart. (leaf and bark), Ocotea brasiliensis Coe-Teix (bark and branch), Simarouba amara Aubl. (bark), Tabernaemontana bracteolaris Mart. ex Müll.Arg. (leaf, bark and branch) and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (leaf and branch) plant species, collected in the state of Bahia, Brazil, to workers of Atta sexdens L. c
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20

Obrien, PH. "The Toxicity of Sodium Monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) to Captive Feral Pigs, Sus-Scrofa." Wildlife Research 15, no. 2 (1988): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880163.

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The toxicity of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) to captive feral pigs, Sus scrofa, was assessed over a range of doses (1.50-21.3 mg 1080 kg-1 bodyweight) administered orally in wheat bait to 80 animals. Calculated LD*50 was 4.11 mg 1080 kg-1 (95% fiducial limits: 3.02-5.34 mg kg-1) and LD*9O was 11.25 mg kg-1 (8.05-21.69 mg kg-1). The incidence (98%) and frequency (mean � SD = l3.6 � 6.7 overall) of vomiting were high. Frequency of vomiting was unrelated to log*10 dose (r= -0.015; N= 80; NS), although time until vomiting began (r= -0.558; N=77; P<O.05) and time until death (r= -0.391; N=47;
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21

Parkes, JP. "Phytotoxicity, Poison Retention, Palatability, and Acceptance of Carriers Used in Compound-1080-Foliage Baits for Control of Feral Goats." Wildlife Research 18, no. 6 (1991): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910687.

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Feral goats have been controlled in New Zealand by treating leaves of favoured food plants with the poison sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) in a suitable carrier, either carbopol gel or petrolatum grease. The effect of these 2 carriers on the most suitable plant species (mahoe), their retention of 1080, their comparative palatability to goats, and the acceptance of the least palatable, petrolatum, were studied in a series of trials. Both carriers caused baited leaves to absciss, and the rate of abscission increased when 1080 was included. Toxic petrolatum was 3 times less phytotoxic th
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22

Martin, GR, WE Kirkpatrick, DR King, ID Robertson, PJ Hood, and JR Sutherland. "Assessment of the Potential Toxicity of an Anticoagulant, Pindone (2-Pivalyl-1,3-Indandione), to Some Australian Birds." Wildlife Research 21, no. 1 (1994): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940085.

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The sensitivity of a number of avian species to the rabbit poison pindone (2-pivalyl-1,3-indandione) was investigated using increase of prothrombin time (PT) as an index of poisoning. Daily dose levels of pindone were 0.25 mg/kg for eagles, 4.0 mg/kg for magpies and 5.0 mg/kg for pigeons, parrots and ducks. Considerable species variation in response was observed, and within each species there was considerable individual variation in response to pindone. The PTs of magpies and ducks increased to approximately twice baseline levels. Significant elevations (4- to 7-fold) occurred in parrots, pige
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23

Mcilroy, JC, RJ Cooper, EJ Gifford, BF Green, and KW Newgrain. "The Effect on Wild Dogs, Canis-F-Familiaris, of 1080-Poisoning Campaigns in Kosciusko-National-Park, Nsw." Wildlife Research 13, no. 4 (1986): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860535.

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Nine wild dogs, Canis f. familiaris, radio-tracked over periods of 28-61 days in Kosciusko National Park, N.S.W., occupied home ranges of 220-5420 ha (mean 2193 ha). These home ranges were similar in size to those observed for dingoes, C. f. dingo, in other areas of south-eastern Australia. The maximum distance that any of the nine dogs moved between successive daily locations was 11.2 km. On the basis of this information and that obtained by others, we suggest that the control of wild dogs on Crown Land in south-eastern Australia should be confined to those areas adjacent to private grazing l
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24

Pitt, William C., Gary W. Witmer, Susan M. Jojola, and Hans Sin. "Potential citric acid exposure and toxicity to Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) associated with Eleutherodactylus frog control." Ecotoxicology 23, no. 3 (2014): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1208-8.

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25

Levchenko, Mikhail A., and Natalia A. Sennikova. "Acute toxicity of an insecticidal little containing ivermectin and fipronil for white mice." Veterinaria Kubani, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33861/2071-8020-2020-6-31-32.

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Toxicological assessment is a mandatory research step in the development of new insecticidal drugs. At the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, a prototype of the insecticidal bait Mukhnet IF was obtained with an active ingredient content of 0.06% ivermectin and 0.015% fipronil, which showed a highly effective effect against houseflies. This work presents the results of the study of acute oral toxicity of the above agent. For this, male white mice with a live weight of 16-26 g were selected. They were kept on a starvation diet for one day in individual house
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26

Amaral, TS, TF Carvalho, MC Silva, et al. "Short-term effects of a spinosyn's family insecticide on energy metabolism and liver morphology in frugivorous bats Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 72, no. 2 (2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000200010.

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A new class of insecticide derived from fermentation of Sacharopolyspora spinosa - spinosad, has been indicated as being of low toxicity and a natural alternative to classical pesticides. In order to elucidate several aspects related to the morphophysiological changes induced by spinosad in Artibeus lituratus, the effects of a seven-day administration on plasma glucose, glycogen, protein and lipid concentrations were evaluated, and possible changes in liver cells were examined by histological analysis. Animals were fed with spinosyn-contaminated fruit through immersion in a solution. Data repo
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27

Mansour, Sameeh A., Sohail S. Soliman, and Kareem M. Soliman. "Biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Egypt using Taphozous perforatus (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)." Lynx new series 48, no. 1 (2017): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2017-0007.

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Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have chronic toxicity, tendency to contaminate the environment, and transfer into the food chain. This study was conducted to explore the use of bats as bioindicators to help understanding the time trend of POPs at the present time. Liver and kidney tissues from the Egyptian tomb bat (Taphozous perforatus) were subjected to the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction prior to quantification by LC-MS/MS analyses. DDT (dichlorodiphenyl trichl
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28

Nyamukondiwa, Casper, and Pia Addison. "Food preference and foraging activity of ants: Recommendations for field applications of low-toxicity baits." Journal of Insect Science 14, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/14.1.48.

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29

Chin, Kit Ling, Paik San H'ng, Chuan Li Lee, et al. "Application strategies by selective medium treated with entomopathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as potential biocontrol against Coptotermes curvignathus." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201311.

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The success of microbial termiticides in controlling termites depends on the ability of microbes to grow in different media and the functionality of the microbes as a resistant barrier or toxic bait. This study was conducted to understand the mortality rate and behaviour changes of the subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren introduced with different concentrations of Serratia marcescens strain LGMS 1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain LGMS 3 using wood and soil as bacterial transfer medium. In general, higher concentration of bacteria in soil caused a reduction in tunnelling act
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Rank, Leslie A., Naomi M. Walsh, Fang Yun Lim, Samuel H. Gellman, Nancy P. Keller, and Christina M. Hull. "Peptide-Like Nylon-3 Polymers with Activity against Phylogenetically Diverse, Intrinsically Drug-Resistant Pathogenic Fungi." mSphere 3, no. 3 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00223-18.

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ABSTRACT Understanding the dimensions of fungal diversity has major implications for the control of diseases in humans, plants, and animals and in the overall health of ecosystems on the planet. One ancient evolutionary strategy organisms use to manage interactions with microbes, including fungi, is to produce host defense peptides (HDPs). HDPs and their synthetic analogs have been subjects of interest as potential therapeutic agents. Due to increases in fungal disease worldwide, there is great interest in developing novel antifungal agents. Here we describe activity of polymeric HDP analogs a
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