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Journal articles on the topic 'Low winds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Samelson, R. M., and P. L. Barbour. "Low-Level Jets, Orographic Effects, and Extreme Events in Nares Strait: A Model-Based Mesoscale Climatology." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 12 (2008): 4746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2326.1.

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Abstract A mesoscale atmospheric model, nested in operational global numerical weather prediction fields, is used to estimate low-level winds and surface wind stress through Nares Strait, between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, during 2 yr from August 2003 to July 2005. During most of the year, the model low-level winds are dominated by intense, southward along-strait flow, with monthly-mean southward 10-m winds reaching 10 m s−1 in winter. Summertime flow is weak and distributions of hourly along-strait winds during the 2-yr period are strongly bimodal. The strong southward low-level winds ar

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2

Rajaram, R., and S. Gurubaran. "Seasonal variabilities of low-latitude mesospheric winds." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 2 (1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0197-4.

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Abstract. Observations of mesospheric winds over a period of four years with the partial reflection radar at Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E), India, are presented in this study. The emphasis is on describing seasonal variabilities in mean zonal and meridional winds in the altitude region 70–98 km. The meridional winds exhibit overall transequatorial flow associated with differential heating in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. At lower altitudes (70–80 km) the mean zonal winds reveal easterly flow during summer and westerly flow during winter, as expected from a circulation driven by solar fo

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3

Tomaru, Ryota, Chris Done, Ken Ohsuga, Mariko Nomura, and Tadayuki Takahashi. "The thermal-radiative wind in low-mass X-ray binary H1743−322: radiation hydrodynamic simulations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 3 (2019): 3098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2738.

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Abstract Blueshifted absorption lines are seen in high inclination black hole binary systems in their disc-dominated states, showing these power an equatorial disc wind. While some contribution from magnetic winds remain a possibility, thermal and thermal-radiative winds are expected to be present. We show results from radiation hydrodynamic simulations that show that the additional radiation force from atomic features (bound–free and lines) is important along with electron scattering. Together, these increase the wind velocity at high inclinations, so that they quantitatively match the observ

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4

McQuinn, Kristen B. W., Liese van Zee, and Evan D. Skillman. "Galactic Winds in Low-Mass Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S344 (2018): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000085.

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AbstractMass-loss via stellar-feedback driven outflows is predicted to play a critical role in the baryon cycle of low-mass galaxies. However, observational constraints on warm winds are limited as outflows are transient, intrinsically low-surface brightness events and, thus, difficult to detect. Here, we search for outflows in a sample of eleven nearby starburst dwarf galaxies which are strong candidates for outflows. Despite deep H? imaging on galaxies, only a fraction of the sample show evidence of winds. The spatial extent of all detected ionized gas is limited and would still be considere

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5

Bao, J.-W., S. A. Michelson, P. O. G. Persson, I. V. Djalalova, and J. M. Wilczak. "Observed and WRF-Simulated Low-Level Winds in a High-Ozone Episode during the Central California Ozone Study." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 9 (2008): 2372–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1822.1.

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Abstract A case study is carried out for the 29 July–3 August 2000 episode of the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS), a typical summertime high-ozone event in the Central Valley of California. The focus of the study is on the low-level winds that control the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the Central Valley. An analysis of surface and wind profiler observations from the CCOS field experiment indicates a number of important low-level flows in the Central Valley: 1) the incoming low-level marine airflow through the Carquinez Strait into the Sacramento River delta, 2) the diurnal cy

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Karnauskas, Kristopher B., Antonio J. Busalacchi, and Raghu Murtugudde. "Low-Frequency Variability and Remote Forcing of Gap Winds over the East Pacific Warm Pool." Journal of Climate 21, no. 19 (2008): 4901–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli1771.1.

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Abstract The low-frequency variability of gap winds at the Isthmuses of Tehuantepec and Papagayo is investigated using a 17-yr wind stress dataset merging the remotely sensed observations of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite sensors. A decadal signal is identified in the Tehuantepec gap winds, which is shown to be related to the Atlantic tripole pattern (ATP). Using linear regression and spectral analysis, it is demonstrated that the low-frequency variability of the Tehuantepec gap winds is remotely forced by the ATP, and the Papagayo gap wind

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7

Gaffin, David M. "On High Winds and Foehn Warming Associated with Mountain-Wave Events in the Western Foothills of the Southern Appalachian Mountains." Weather and Forecasting 24, no. 1 (2009): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2007096.1.

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Abstract Extremely high winds of 40–49 m s−1 [90–110 miles per hour (mph)] were reported across the western foothills of the southern Appalachian Mountains on 22–23 December 2004, 17 October 2006, 24–25 February 2007, and 1 March 2007. The high winds in all four of these events were determined to be the result of mountain waves, as strong southeast winds became perpendicular to the mountains with a stable boundary layer present below 750 hPa and a veering wind profile that increased with height. Adiabatic warming of the descending southeasterly winds was also observed at the Knoxville airport

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8

Zeng, Jie, Wen Yi, Xianghui Xue, et al. "Comparison between the Mesospheric Winds Observed by Two Collocated Meteor Radars at Low Latitudes." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (2022): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102354.

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This study compares the hourly mesospheric horizontal winds observed by two collocated and independent low-latitude meteor radars operating at 37.5 MHz and 53.1 MHz in Kunming, China (25.6°N, 103.8°E). Upon analyzing simultaneously detected meteor echoes, we find a fixed angular deviation between the baselines of the two meteor radar antenna arrays within the east–north–up coordinate system. Then, we correct the deviation in the antenna azimuth direction using a novel method and recalculate the horizontal zonal and meridional winds. A comparison of the results before and after the correction s

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9

Caton Harrison, Thomas, Stavroula Biri, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, et al. "Reanalysis representation of low-level winds in the Antarctic near-coastal region." Weather and Climate Dynamics 3, no. 4 (2022): 1415–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1415-2022.

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Abstract. Low-level easterly winds encircling Antarctica help drive coastal currents which modify transport of circumpolar deep water to ice shelves, and the formation and distribution of sea ice. Reanalysis datasets are especially important at high southern latitudes where observations are few. Here, we investigate the representation of the mean state and short-term variability of coastal easterlies in three recent reanalyses, ERA5, MERRA-2 and JRA-55. Reanalysed winds are compared with summertime marine near-surface wind observations from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and surface and up

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10

Carpenter, K. G., and R. D. Robinson. "Winds And Mass-Loss From Evolved, Low-Gravity Cool Stars." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 1 (1998): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600021286.

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The character of the winds and the amount of mass-loss from stars during the red giant and supergiant stage of evolution are critical to the progression of that evolution. We therefore summarize here the results of a series of programs utilizing the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to study the winds and mass-loss from the surface of evolved, low-gravity cool stars. We discuss the structure of the chromospheres in which the base of these stellar winds lie, the velocity of the wind and its acceleration with height, and what these spectra tell us ab

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11

Rikiishi, Kunio, and Shinya Takatsuji. "On the growth of ice cover in the Sea of Okhotsk with special reference to its negative correlation with that in the Bering Sea." Annals of Glaciology 42 (2005): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781812619.

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AbstractCharacteristic features of the growth of sea-ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk are discussed statistically in relation to the surface wind and air temperature over the Okhotsk basin. It is shown that cold-air advection from the continent is not the only factor for the growth of ice extent: air-mass transformation with fetch (downwind distance from the coast) is another important factor. Using weekly growth rates of ice extent and objectively analyzed meteorological data, it is shown that the ice cover extends when cold northerly/northwesterly winds blow, whereas the ice cover retreats w

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12

McQuinn, Kristen B. W., Liese van Zee, and Evan D. Skillman. "Galactic Winds in Low-mass Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 886, no. 1 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4c37.

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13

Chapagain, Narayan P. "Electrodynamics of the Low-latitude Thermosphere by Comparison of Zonal Neutral Winds and Equatorial Plasma Bubble Velocity." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (2015): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v20i2.13955.

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The coincident observations of nighttime thermospheric zonal neutral winds and equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) drift velocities over Brazil during the October–December,2009 and 2010 are used to examine the coupling relationship between the thermosphere and ionosphere. The EPB zonal drift velocities are estimated using the airglow images recorded by optical imaging system, while the neutral winds are measured by using a bi-static Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) experiment deployed at two stations from Brazil. The results reveal the similar pattern in the EPB drift velocities and zonal neutral w

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14

Almeida, Ivan, and Rodrigo Nemmen. "Winds and feedback from supermassive black holes accreting at low rates: hydrodynamical treatment." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 2 (2020): 2553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa033.

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ABSTRACT Outflows produced by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) can have important feedback effects in its host galaxy. An unresolved question is the nature and properties of winds from SMBHs accreting at low rates in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). We performed two-dimensional numerical, hydrodynamical simulations of radiatively inefficient accretion flows on to non-spinning black holes. We explored a diversity of initial conditions in terms of rotation curves and viscous shear stress prescriptions, and evolved our models for very long durations of up to 8 × 105GM/c3. Our model

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15

Shimada, Teruhisa. "Structures and Seasonal Variations of Surface Winds Blowing through the Tsushima Strait." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 49, no. 8 (2010): 1714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2301.1.

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Abstract Surface winds blowing through the Tsushima Strait are statistically investigated using satellite wind measurements and atmospheric reanalysis data. This study first presents structures and seasonal variations of the northeasterly and southwesterly along-strait winds by imposing newly proposed conditions for defining them. Although the speeds of the northeasterly along-strait winds are generally high within the entire strait, the maximum wind speeds are located downwind of the two channels. The southwesterly along-strait winds start to accelerate at the west exit within the strait. Wea

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16

Parsons, Timothy N., Raman K. Prinja, Matheus Bernini-Peron, et al. "Optically thick structure in early B-type supergiant stellar winds at low metallicities." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527, no. 4 (2023): 11422–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3966.

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ABSTRACT Accurate determination of mass-loss rates from massive stars is important to understand stellar and galactic evolution and enrichment of the interstellar medium. Large-scale structure and variability in stellar winds have significant effects on mass-loss rates. Time-series observations provide direct quantification of such variability. Observations of this nature are available for some Galactic early supergiant stars but not yet for stars in lower metallicity environments such as the Magellanic Clouds. We utilize ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope ULLYSES program to d

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17

Gierens, Rosa, Stefan Kneifel, Matthew D. Shupe, Kerstin Ebell, Marion Maturilli, and Ulrich Löhnert. "Low-level mixed-phase clouds in a complex Arctic environment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 6 (2020): 3459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3459-2020.

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Abstract. Low-level mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) are common in the Arctic. Both local and large-scale phenomena influence the properties and lifetime of MPCs. Arctic fjords are characterized by complex terrain and large variations in surface properties. Yet, not many studies have investigated the impact of local boundary layer dynamics and their relative importance on MPCs in the fjord environment. In this work, we used a combination of ground-based remote sensing instruments, surface meteorological observations, radiosoundings, and reanalysis data to study persistent low-level MPCs at Ny-Ålesund

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18

Shimada, Teruhisa, Masahiro Sawada, Weiming Sha, and Hiroshi Kawamura. "Low-Level Easterly Winds Blowing through the Tsugaru Strait, Japan. Part I: Case Study and Statistical Characteristics Based on Observations." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 10 (2010): 3806–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3354.1.

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Abstract This study has investigated structures and diurnal variations of the easterly surface winds blowing throughout the east–west passage comprising the Tsugaru Strait, Mutsu Bay, and circumjacent terrestrial gaps in northern Japan during the summer months. Based on observational and reanalysis data, a representative case study in June 2003 and supplemental statistical analyses are presented. The cool easterly winds accompanied by clouds and fog are blocked by the central mountain range. This condition increases an along-strait sea level pressure (SLP) gradient, which induces strong winds

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Tollinger, Mathias, Rune Graversen, and Harald Johnsen. "High-Resolution Polar Low Winds Obtained from Unsupervised SAR Wind Retrieval." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (2021): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224655.

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High-resolution sea surface observations by spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) instruments are sorely neglected resources for meteorological applications in polar regions. Such radar observations provide information about wind speed and direction based on wind-induced roughness of the sea surface. The increasing coverage of SAR observations in polar regions calls for the development of SAR-specific applications that make use of the full information content of this valuable resource. Here we provide examples of the potential of SAR observations to provide details of the complex, mesoscal

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20

Hughes, Christopher P., and Dana E. Veron. "Characterization of Low-Level Winds of Southern and Coastal Delaware." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 1 (2015): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0011.1.

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AbstractWinds across the Delaware Peninsula transport pollutants, modify the temperature, and play a critical role within the state’s agricultural and tourism industries. The low-level winds inland and near Delaware’s coastline are characterized using observations from eight meteorological stations operated by the Delaware Environmental Observing System and the National Data Buoy Center from 2005 through 2012. The low-level winds have pronounced dominant directions during the summer (southwest/southeast) and winter (northwest) seasons, with the greatest spatial and temporal variability occurri

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21

SURESH, R. "An account of low level wind shear over Chennai airport - Part II : Turbulence and eddy dissipation." MAUSAM 60, no. 3 (2021): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v60i3.1104.

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In-flight reports on Low Level Wind Shear (LLWS) received from aircrafts are used to issue wind shear alerts for all subsequent landing aircrafts as per standing guidelines of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). In this paper, winds reported by aircrafts at 1000 and 1800 ft. are used to validate the wind estimated from DWR measured radial wind data employing standard algorithms. Turbulence indices and parameters have been computed independently using conventional (RS/RW) upper air data, aircraft measured winds and DWR estimated winds and compared these with wind shear induced tur

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22

Holzer, Thomas E. "Theory of winds from cool stars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 122 (1987): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900156591.

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The goal of this paper is to provide a framework for thinking about the various physical processes that may play significant roles in driving the massive winds of cool, low-gravity stars. First, some general theoretical considerations involving mass, momentum, and energy balance are discussed. Next, the value of the solar wind as an analog for these late-type stellar winds and for related astrophysical flows is briefly examined. Finally, four specific mass-loss mechanisms are discussed, and the possible importance of each of these mechanisms for massive winds from cool, low-gravity stars is ev

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Carr, James L., Dong L. Wu, Mariel D. Friberg, and Tyler C. Summers. "Multi-LEO Satellite Stereo Winds." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (2023): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082154.

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The stereo-winds method follows trackable atmospheric cloud features from multiple viewing perspectives over multiple times, generally involving multiple satellite platforms. Multi-temporal observations provide information about the wind velocity and the observed parallax between viewing perspectives provides information about the height. The stereo-winds method requires no prior assumptions about the thermal profile of the atmosphere to assign a wind height, since the height of the tracked feature is directly determined from the viewing geometry. The method is well developed for pairs of Geos

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Shimada, Teruhisa, Masahiro Sawada, Weiming Sha, and Hiroshi Kawamura. "Low-Level Easterly Winds Blowing through the Tsugaru Strait, Japan. Part II: Numerical Simulation of the Event on 5–10 June 2003." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 6 (2012): 1779–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00035.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates the structures of and diurnal variations in low-level easterly winds blowing through the Tsugaru Strait and Mutsu Bay on 5–10 June 2003 using a numerical weather prediction model. Cool air that accompanies prevailing easterly winds owing to the persistence of the Okhotsk high intrudes into the strait and the bay below 500 m during the nighttime and retreats during the daytime. This cool-air intrusion and retreat induce diurnal variations in the winds in the east inlet of the strait, in Mutsu Bay, and in the west exit of the strait. In the east inlet, a daytime

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Lanfranchi, Gustavo A., Francesca Matteucci, and Gabriele Cescutti. "Chemical evolution models for local group dwarf spheroidal galaxies: the evolution of Fe-peak elements." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S265 (2009): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310000669.

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AbstractThe evolution of Fe-peak elements of several Local Group Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies are discussed based on the comparison between a chemical evolution model and obsevations. In our scenario, the evolution of these galaxies are mainly controlled by a low star formation efficiency coupled with very intense galactic winds. The low star formation rate gives rise to the observed low metallicities and to [alpha/Fe] and [s/Fe] ratios below solar, whereas the intense galactic winds are responsible for the sharp decrease observed in several abundance ratios. The shape of the stellar metallicity

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Isoguchi, Osamu, Masanobu Shimada, and Hiroshi Kawamura. "Characteristics of Ocean Surface Winds in the Lee of an Isolated Island Observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 6 (2010): 1744–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3564.1.

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Abstract Characteristics of ocean surface winds around an isolated island are examined in relation to atmospheric stability using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and rawinsonde sounding observations. The SAR-derived winds on 22 May 2009 indicate a low-level jet extending over 30 km behind the island. Around the time of SAR acquisition, winds intensified on the leeward side in association with the stabilization of stratified flows, which suggests the connection of the SAR-derived jet with downslope winds. A number of SAR-derived winds elucidate typical wind patterns and their transitions depen

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Tomaru, Ryota, Chris Done, Ken Ohsuga, Hirokazu Odaka, and Tadayuki Takahashi. "The thermal-radiative wind in low-mass X-ray binary H1743−322 – II. Iron line predictions from Monte Carlo radiation transfer." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 3 (2020): 3413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa961.

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ABSTRACT We show the best current simulations of the absorption and emission features predicted from thermal-radiative winds produced from X-ray illumination of the outer accretion disc in binary systems. We use the density and velocity structure derived from a radiation hydrodynamic code as input to a Monte Carlo radiation transport calculation. The initial conditions are matched to those of the black hole binary system H1743−322 in its soft, disc dominated state, where wind features are seen in Chandra grating data. Our simulation fits well to the observed line profile, showing that these ph

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PARK, SOONUNG, and DHIRENPRAN SIKDAR. "Barotropic instability over the Arabian Sea during the onset of summer monsoon 1979." MAUSAM 36, no. 3 (2022): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v36i3.1903.

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The daily low-level and upper-level satellite winds observed over the Arabian Sea in the domain 26°N-16°S and 4OoE-84°E are analyzed for the early stages of the summer monsoon in 1979. The wind analysis shows that before the onset of the monsoon over southern India, the low-level winds strengthen significantly, an onset vortex develops, and the low-level westerly jet shifts northward and broadens in the central Arabian Sea. A linear barotropic stability analysis of the zonal winds for the pre-onset, the vortex formation, the onset and the mature phases of monsoon flows is performed numerically

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Michelson, Sara A., and Jian-Wen Bao. "Sensitivity of Low-Level Winds Simulated by the WRF Model in California’s Central Valley to Uncertainties in the Large-Scale Forcing and Soil Initialization." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 12 (2008): 3131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1782.1.

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Abstract The sensitivity of the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model-simulated low-level winds in the Central Valley (CV) of California to uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing and soil initialization is investigated using scatter diagrams for a 5-day period in which meteorological conditions are typical of those associated with poor-air-quality events during the summer in the CV. It is assumed that these uncertainties can be approximated by two independent operational analyses. First, the sensitivity is illustrated using scatter diagrams and is measured in terms of the linear regre

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Hamann, W. R. "Stellar winds from hot low-mass stars." Astrophysics and Space Science 329, no. 1-2 (2010): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-010-0344-8.

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Jewell, Paul W. "Morphology and paleoclimatic significance of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville spits." Quaternary Research 68, no. 3 (2007): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.004.

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AbstractPleistocene Lake Bonneville of western Utah contains a variety of spits associated with shorelines and other features that formed between 21,000 and 12,000 14C yr BP. Field studies in the low-lying mountain ranges of the central portion of Lake Bonneville identified 17 spits of various types. The spits are connected to small mountain ranges and islands, vary in size from 0.02 to 0.5 km2, and are composed of coarse-grained, well-rounded, poorly-sorted sedimentary material. Sixteen of the 17 spits have a northeasterly to southwesterly orientation implying that winds were from the northwe

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RAMA, G. V., and T. R. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN. "Diurnal wind variation in the planetary boundary layer during southwest monsoon over Sriharikota." MAUSAM 41, no. 4 (2022): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v41i4.2796.

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Three hourly pilot balloon winds collected over SHAR DURING FOUR DAYS OF July 1988 were analysed and existence of a diurnal cycle of variation at low level winds was established, Maximum changes in the wind speed occurred towards midnight. Harmonic analysis was performed for both the meridional and zonal component winds and the results are presented. The results suggest the PBL over SHAR to be about 1000 m thick. The shear and the steadiness factor values have also been evaluated and discussed.

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Decker, Steven G., and David A. Robinson. "Unexpected High Winds in Northern New Jersey: A Downslope Windstorm in Modest Topography." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 6 (2011): 902–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-10-05052.1.

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Abstract This study presents the first evidence for the occurrence of a downslope windstorm in New Jersey. During the early morning hours of 4 January 2009, an unanticipated strong wind event was observed. Despite a zone forecast calling for winds less than 4 m s−1 issued 4 h prior to the event, winds up to 23 m s−1 were reported at High Point, New Jersey (elevation 550 m), with gusts to 30 m s−1 in its immediate lee (elevation 311 m). These winds were highly localized; a nearby Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) station (Sussex, New Jersey, 12 km distant) reported calm winds between 07

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Shi 施, Fangzheng 方正, Feng Yuan, Francesco Tombesi, and Fu-guo Xie. "Comparing Observed Properties of Winds in Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei with Theoretical Predictions." Astrophysical Journal 985, no. 1 (2025): 88. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adcc17.

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Abstract Theoretical and numerical simulations of black hole hot accretion flows have shown the ubiquitous existence of winds and predicted their properties, such as velocity and mass flux. In this paper, we have summarized from the literature the physical properties of winds launched from low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN), which are believed to be powered by hot accretion flows, and compared them with theoretical predictions. We infer that for both ultrafast outflows and hot winds, the observed wind velocity as a function of their launching radius and the ratio between wind mass f

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Anselmo, Evandro M., Courtney Schumacher, and Luiz A. T. Machado. "The Amazonian Low-Level Jet and Its Connection to Convective Cloud Propagation and Evolution." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 10 (2020): 4083–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0414.1.

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AbstractWe describe the existence of an Amazonian low-level jet (ALLJ) that can affect the propagation and life cycle of convective systems from the northeast coast of South America into central Amazonia. Horizontal winds from reanalysis were analyzed during March–April–May (MAM) of the two years (2014–15) of the GoAmazon2014/5 field campaign. Convective system tracking was performed using GOES-13 infrared imagery and classified into days with high and weak convective activity. The MAM average winds show a nocturnal enhancement of low-level winds starting near the coast in the early evening an

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Coleman, Timothy A., and Kevin R. Knupp. "Factors Affecting Surface Wind Speeds in Gravity Waves and Wake Lows." Weather and Forecasting 24, no. 6 (2009): 1664–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009waf2222248.1.

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Abstract Ducted gravity waves and wake lows have been associated with numerous documented cases of “severe” winds (&gt;25 m s−1) and wind damage. These winds are associated with the pressure perturbations and transient mesoscale pressure gradients occurring in many gravity waves and wake lows. However, not all wake lows and gravity waves produce significant winds nor wind damage. In this paper, the factors that affect the surface winds produced by ducted gravity waves and wake lows are reviewed and examined. It is shown theoretically that the factors most conducive to high surface winds in

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Zhang, Zuobin, Cosimo Bambi, Honghui Liu, et al. "Variable Ionized Disk Winds in MAXI J1803−298 Revealed by NICER." Astrophysical Journal 975, no. 1 (2024): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7b29.

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Abstract We present the results from the NICER observation data of MAXI J1803−298 across the entire 2021 outburst. In the intermediate and soft state, we detect significant absorption lines at ∼7.0 and ∼6.7 keV, arising from X-ray disk winds outflowing with a velocity of hundreds of km s−1 along our line of sight. The fitting results from the photoionized model suggest that the winds are driven by thermal pressure and the mass-loss rate is low. We find a clear transition for iron from predominantly H-like to predominantly He-like during the intermediate-to-soft state transition. Our results in

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Mears, Carl, Tong Lee, Lucrezia Ricciardulli, Xiaochun Wang, and Frank Wentz. "Improving the Accuracy of the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) Ocean Vector Winds." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (2022): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174230.

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The Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) Ocean vector wind analysis is a level-4 product that uses a variational method to combine satellite retrievals of ocean winds with a background wind field from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The result is a spatially complete estimate of global ocean vector winds on six-hour intervals that are closely tied to satellite measurements. The current versions of CCMP are fairly accurate at low to moderate wind speeds (<15 m/s) but are systematically too low at high winds at locations/times where a collocated satellite measurement is not avai

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Pimenta, Felipe M., Edmo José Dias Campos, Jerry L. Miller, and Alberto R. Piola. "A numerical study of the Plata River plume along the southeastern South American continental shelf." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 53, no. 3-4 (2005): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592005000200004.

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The Rio de la Plata, one of the largest rivers on Earth, discharges into the ocean waters from basin that covers a large area of South America. Its plume extends along northern Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil shelves strongly influencing the ecosystems. In spite of this, little is known about the mechanisms that control it. Here we report results of simulations with POM carried out to investigate the roles of wind and river discharge in Plata plume dynamics. Different outflows were explored, including an average climatological value and magnitudes representative of La Niña and El Niño.

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Lépine, Sébastien. "Effects of wind clumping on colliding winds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 163 (1995): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900202386.

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Recent studies of variable Wolf-Rayet emission lines reveal a hierarchy of structures, characterized by power laws analogous to what is expected from supersonic compressible turbulence. The collision of inhomogeneous winds can be very different from the case of smooth winds. The difference will mainly depend on two factors: (i) the relative importance of the inhomogeneous compared to the homogeneous component; and (ii) the characteristic filling factor of the inhomogeneous component. Using relations derived from observations of variable line structures (“blobs”), it can be deduced that the flu

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Vincenzo, Fiorenzo, Todd A. Thompson, David H. Weinberg, Emily J. Griffith, James W. Johnson, and Jennifer A. Johnson. "Nucleosynthesis signatures of neutrino-driven winds from proto-neutron stars: a perspective from chemical evolution models." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508, no. 3 (2021): 3499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2828.

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ABSTRACT We test the hypothesis that the observed first-peak (Sr, Y, Zr) and second-peak (Ba) s-process elemental abundances in low-metallicity Milky Way stars, and the abundances of the elements Mo and Ru, can be explained by a pervasive r-process contribution originating in neutrino-driven winds from highly magnetic and rapidly rotating proto-neutron stars (proto-NSs). We construct chemical evolution models that incorporate recent calculations of proto-NS yields in addition to contributions from asymptotic giant branch stars, Type Ia supernovae, and two alternative sets of yields for massive

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Díaz Trigo, Maria, and Laurence Boirin. "DISC ATMOSPHERES AND WINDS IN X-RAY BINARIES." Acta Polytechnica 53, A (2013): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2013.53.0659.

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We review the current status of studies of disc atmospheres and winds in low mass X-ray binaries. We discuss the possible wind launching mechanisms and compare the predictions of the models with the existent observations. We conclude that a combination of thermal and radiative pressure (the latter being relevant at high luminosities) can explain the current observations of atmospheres and winds in both neutron star and black hole binaries. Moreover, these winds and atmospheres could contribute significantly to the broad iron emission line observed in these systems.

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Wang, Chung-Chieh, George Tai-Jen Chen, and Kuok-Hou Ho. "A Diagnostic Case Study of Mei-Yu Frontal Retreat and Associated Low Development near Taiwan." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 6 (2016): 2327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0391.1.

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Abstract After advancing southward across Taiwan and becoming quasi stationary, a mei-yu front moved north again and led to a second period of significant rainfall during 13–14 June 2012. Associated with this frontal retreat, a meso-α-scale low pressure developed to the southwest of Taiwan, in the proximity of organized mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) along and south of the front over the northern South China Sea. In this study, using mainly the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts gridded analyses, the physical mechanisms of this frontal retreat are investigated and diagnose

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Small, David, Eyad Atallah, and John Gyakum. "Wind Regimes along the Beaufort Sea Coast Favorable for Strong Wind Events at Tuktoyaktuk." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 6 (2011): 1291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2606.1.

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AbstractThe community of Tuktoyaktuk (Northwest Territories, Canada) along the Beaufort Sea experiences dramatic shoreline erosion during storm surge events that tend to occur during persistent northwesterly wind events in the late summer months (July–September) when the sea ice coverage of the Beaufort Sea reaches its annual minimum. This study compiles the climatology of hourly surface wind, low-level geostrophic wind, and static stability to investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for the high frequency of northwesterly winds observed at Tuktoyaktuk during the late summer. The resul

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Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard, Harald Schyberg, Gunnar Noer, Frank Tveter, and Johannes Röhrs. "ASAR and ASCAT in Polar Low Situations." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, no. 4 (2015): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-14-00154.1.

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AbstractForecasting and monitoring polar lows are, to a large degree, based on satellite observations from passive radiometers and from scatterometer winds in addition to synoptic observations and numerical models. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) brings higher resolution compared to other remotely sensed sources of ocean wind, such as scatterometer data and passive microwave wind products. The added information in polar low situations from SAR and the increased-resolution scatterometer wind fields are investigated. Statistically, higher variability in the MetOp Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) wi

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Durland, Theodore S., and J. Thomas Farrar. "The Wavenumber–Frequency Content of Resonantly Excited Equatorial Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 11 (2012): 1834–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0234.1.

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Abstract The theoretical resonant excitation of equatorial inertia–gravity waves and mixed Rossby–gravity waves is examined. Contrary to occasionally published expectations, solutions show that winds that are broadband in both zonal wavenumber and frequency do not in general produce peaks in the wavenumber–frequency spectrum of sea surface height (SSH) at wavenumbers associated with vanishing zonal group velocity. Excitation of total wave energy in inertia–gravity modes by broadband zonal winds is virtually wavenumber independent when the meridional structure of the winds does not impose a bia

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Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Carl Mears, Andrew Manaster, and Thomas Meissner. "Assessment of CYGNSS Wind Speed Retrievals in Tropical Cyclones." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (2021): 5110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245110.

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The NASA CYGNSS satellite constellation measures ocean surface winds using the existing network of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and was designed for measurements in tropical cyclones (TCs). Here, we focus on using a consistent methodology to validate multiple CYGNSS wind data records currently available to the public, some focusing on low to moderate wind speeds, others for high winds, a storm-centric product for TC analyses, and a wind dataset from NOAA that applies a track-wise bias correction. Our goal is to document their differences and provide guidance to users. The asse

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Feng, Chengfeng, and Zhaoxia Pu. "The impacts of assimilating Aeolus horizontal line-of-sight winds on numerical predictions of Hurricane Ida (2021) and a mesoscale convective system over the Atlantic Ocean." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 10 (2023): 2691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2691-2023.

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Abstract. The Aeolus satellite, the first spaceborne wind lidar launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) on 22 August 2018, provides global measurements of horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) winds. The assimilation of Aeolus HLOS winds has been proven to improve numerical weather predictions (NWPs). Still, its influences on forecasts of tropical cyclones (TCs) and tropical convective systems have yet to be examined in detail. This study investigates the impacts of assimilating Aeolus HLOS winds on the analysis and forecasts of Hurricane Ida (2021) and a mesoscale convective system (MCS) embedd

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Wheatley, Dustan M., Robert J. Trapp, and Nolan T. Atkins. "Radar and Damage Analysis of Severe Bow Echoes Observed during BAMEX." Monthly Weather Review 134, no. 3 (2006): 791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3100.1.

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Abstract This study examines damaging-wind production by bow-shaped convective systems, commonly referred to as bow echoes. Recent idealized numerical simulations suggest that, in addition to descending rear inflow at the bow echo apex, low-level mesovortices within bow echoes can induce damaging straight-line surface winds. In light of these findings, detailed aerial and ground surveys of wind damage were conducted immediately following five bow echo events observed during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex (MCV) Experiment (BAMEX) field phase. These damage locations were overlaid d

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Völk, Heinrich J., D. Breitschwerdt, and J. F. McKenzie. "Galactic Winds." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 120 (1989): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024222.

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In the sequel we will be discussing that - apart from all other halo flows - it is highly probable that our Galaxy has a systematic mass loss; most other galaxies should behave in a similar way. This mass loss should occur in the form of a supersonic galactic wind provided the intergalactic pressure is low enough. We will investigate this possibility mainly for our Galaxy. We shall argue [1] that the energetic particle component of the interstellar medium, the cosmic rays (CRs), is basically responsible for driving a wind for typical gas temperatures below 106 K. Thus for asymptotic wind veloc

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