Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lower 5G / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Lower 5G.

Journal articles on the topic 'Lower 5G'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Lower 5G.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

M. M. Hasan Mahfuz, Md Rafiqul Islam, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Norun Abdul Malek, N. Sakib, and A. K. M. Zakir Hossain. "UWB Microstrip Patch Antenna with 5G Lower Band Notch Characteristics." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 11 (2022): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i11.30099.

Full text

Abstract:

For fifth generation (5G) lower band wireless application at a frequency of (4.5–5.5) GHz, recently ASEAN region countries have suggested 5G forums and band rejection antennas for 5G (4.5–5.5) GHz lower band. A UWB antenna has been constructed and suggested by use of the Roger RT5880 with defected ground on a rectangular radiating patch and a ring shape type of resonator (RSR) on ground plane to achieve the desired performance. It was decided to construct a band rejection within UWB antenna for 5G which included adding a rectangular slot on the radiating patch as well as placing RSR to the gro

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Shinde, Mr Sangram Tanaji. "5G Wireless Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36259.

Full text

Abstract:

This 5G stands for fifth generation wireless technology. It is the latest version of cellular technology that has main features: Grater speed, lower latency, and ability to connect a lot more devices simultaneously. A commercial 5G wireless network is expected to be deployed by 2021.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

M, Kishor, and Bhuvana . "5G Wireless Networks." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering 12, no. 05 (2024): 6283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15680/ijircce.2024.1205190.

Full text

Abstract:

5G stands for fifth-generation remote innovation. It is the most recent cycle of cellular innovation that has three primary highlights: more noteworthy speed, lower idleness, and the capacity to interface a parcel more gadgets at the same time. A commercial 5G remote arrange is anticipated to be conveyed by 2020. This paper gives a brief presentation to 5G remote technology. Keywords: 5G remote innovation, advancement from 1G to 5G

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Alsaif, H. "Compact Hexagonal Monopole Antenna for Lower 5G Bands." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 3 (2019): 4200–4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2714.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a compact planar antenna with extreme wide band. The antenna is designed to cover the entire lower 5th generation operating bands ranging from 2.32GHz to more than 12GHz. This band also covers the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac. The patch geometry has been simulated using an industrial standard simulation software called CST MWS. The monopole is miniaturized with a total size of 23x24x1.2mm3. The radiator and the ground plane are printed on a substrate of Rogers Duriod RT 5880 with relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.00009. The simulated reflection coefficient and ra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Alsaif, Haitham. "Compact Hexagonal Monopole Antenna for Lower 5G Bands." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 3 (2019): 4200–4202. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3249113.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a compact planar antenna with extreme wide band. The antenna is designed to cover the entire lower 5th generation operating bands ranging from 2.32GHz to more than 12GHz. This band also covers the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac. The patch geometry has been simulated using an industrial standard simulation software called CST MWS. The monopole is miniaturized with a total size of 23x24x1.2mm3. The radiator and the ground plane are printed on a substrate of Rogers Duriod RT 5880 with relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.00009. The simulated reflection coefficient and ra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Yan, Lei, Suzhi Cao, Yongsheng Gong, et al. "SatEC: A 5G Satellite Edge Computing Framework Based on Microservice Architecture." Sensors 19, no. 4 (2019): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040831.

Full text

Abstract:

As outlined in the 3Gpp Release 16, 5G satellite access is important for 5G network development in the future. A terrestrial-satellite network integrated with 5G has the characteristics of low delay, high bandwidth, and ubiquitous coverage. A few researchers have proposed integrated schemes for such a network; however, these schemes do not consider the possibility of achieving optimization of the delay characteristic by changing the computing mode of the 5G satellite network. We propose a 5G satellite edge computing framework (5GsatEC), which aims to reduce delay and expand network coverage. T

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sanchez-Gomez, Jesus, Dan Garcia-Carrillo, Rafael Marin-Perez, and Antonio Skarmeta. "Secure Authentication and Credential Establishment in Narrowband IoT and 5G." Sensors 20, no. 3 (2020): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030882.

Full text

Abstract:

Security is critical in the deployment and maintenance of novel IoT and 5G networks. The process of bootstrapping is required to establish a secure data exchange between IoT devices and data-driven platforms. It entails, among other steps, authentication, authorization, and credential management. Nevertheless, there are few efforts dedicated to providing service access authentication in the area of constrained IoT devices connected to recent wireless networks such as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and 5G. Therefore, this paper presents the adaptation of bootstrapping protocols to be compliant with th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Yan, Gongxing, Jialing Li, Hui Xie, and Minggui Zhou. "Adaptive Control System of Intelligent Lower Limb Prosthesis Based on 5G Virtual Reality." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 18, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4572503.

Full text

Abstract:

With the rapid development of computer science and technology in our country, especially the advent of the 5G network era, the emergence of smart prostheses makes it possible for disabled, injured, or amputee people with lower limbs to walk and exercise like normal people. However, due to the different selection of prosthetic materials, the final lower limb prostheses produced will also have different performance differences. How to select prosthetic materials to optimize the performance of the intelligent lower limb prosthesis is the focus of extensive discussion in the medical community. For

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Feng, Yuhao, Yiming Chen, Atef Elsherbeni, and Khalid Alharbi. "Arrow Patch-Slot Antenna for 5G Lower Frequency Band Communications." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 11 (2021): 1418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351178.

Full text

Abstract:

A compact size arrow shaped patch in a rectangular slot antenna is designed for 5G communications in the lower 3 to 6 GHz band. The antenna element is fed through a coplanar waveguide with partial ground plane for better impedance matching with 50 Ohms across the entire band. The maximum gain of a single element is 3.8 dB at 3.7 GHz, while for linear arrays of 5 and 15 elements with uniform excitation the maximum gains are 10.9 dB and 16 dB, respectively. The 5 and 15 elements arrays provide scanning range with no significant degradation of the main beam up to 30˚ and 45˚, respectively. The pr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ozolina, Agnese, Eva Strike, Inta Jaunalksne, et al. "Influence of PAI-1 Gene Promoter-675 (4G/5G) Polymorphism on Fibrinolytic Activity After Cardiac Surgery Employing Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Medicina 48, no. 10 (2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina48100075.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and Objective. The plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene promoter contains 675 (4G/5G) polymorphism. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of the PAI-1 promoter-675 (4G/5G) polymorphism on the concentrations of PAI-1 and tissue plasminogen activator/PAI-1 (t-PA/PAI-1) complex and bleeding volume after on-pump cardiac surgery.Material and Methods. A total of 90 patients were included in the study at Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital. Seven patients were excluded due to surgical bleeding. Eighty-three patients were classified according to the PAI-1 geno

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Sadiku, Matthew N. O., Samuel A. Ajayi, and Janet O. Sadiku. "5G NETWORKIN SUPPLY CHAIN." International Journal of Scientific and Academic Research 05, no. 02 (2025): 01–12. https://doi.org/10.54756/ijsar.2025.2.

Full text

Abstract:

The fifth generation of wireless technology, or 5G, is the latest and most advanced wireless communication technology that offers fasterInternet speeds, lower latency, and higher capacity than its predecessors. 5Gis the 5th generation mobile network. 5G technology opens up many opportunities for mobile communication. 5G uses higher frequencies and a much broader portion of the radio spectrum than previous generations, which allows it to send more data more quickly and to more devices.With the promise of faster and more reliable connectivity, 5G is poised to transform the way we communicate, wo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wan, An, and Daodong Liu. "Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphisms in osteoporosis: A study in Chinese post-menopausal women." European Journal of Inflammation 16 (January 1, 2018): 205873921876729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058739218767292.

Full text

Abstract:

Osteoporosis is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by deterioration of bone mass and is vulnerable to bone fracture. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important molecule for maintenance of optimum bone mass. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PAI-1 have been reported to alter PAI-1 expression and/or the translational level. In this report, we explored the possible role of common PAI-1 gene polymorphisms on predisposition to osteoporosis in a Chinese cohort. A total of 364 post-menopausal Chinese women diagnosed of having osteoporosis and 350 healthy fem

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

M, Mrs Raju, Syed Mohamed Ibrahim Badhusha J, and Harini M. "Re-shaping the Gaming Industry after 5G." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (2022): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42142.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: The fifth generation of wireless communications (5G) is a revolutionary technology that plays a key role in the development of all sectors, including multimedia and entertainment. These systems have become an existential part of our society, industry, science, and more. On the other hand, intensive research is underway in many aspects of the 5th generation wireless communication network. This network has features with a higher mobile data volume, typical user data rate, number of connected devices, and lower end-to-end latency. There is a growing demand for the development and design

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Paul, Liton Chandra, Sarker Saleh Ahmed Ankan, Tithi Rani, et al. "A Wideband Highly Efficient Omnidirectional Compact Antenna for WiMAX/Lower 5G Communications." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (June 21, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7237444.

Full text

Abstract:

Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is widely used for different wireless communications such as WiMAX and fifth generation (5G). In this paper, a wideband, highly efficient, omnidirectional, compact novel patch antenna has been designed and reported for WiMAX/lower 5G communications. The proposed compact MPA is made on Rogers RT 5880 ( ɛ r = 2.2 and tan δ = 0.0009 ). The physical volume of the MPA is compact ( 32 × 32 × 0.79 mm3). The MPA consists of seven small square-shaped elements that are diagonally connected with each other. The 7-element antenna works at 3.592 GHz with a suitable reflection

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Alliance, Kingst TONY-MAYEKO. "Solving 5G Antenna Design Issues." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 11, no. 1 (2024): 209–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10620926.

Full text

Abstract:

<strong>Abstract </strong>As the cellular phone industry continues to advance to meet demands for higher data rates, lower latency, and greater reliability, RF system design has once again become the bottleneck for any cellular device or network aiming to deliver more data to more users to deliver more sophisticated use cases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Luo, Yi, Min Wang, Deteng Zhao, and Chun Liu. "Performance analysis of congestion control protocols over 5G mmWave links." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2221, no. 1 (2022): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2221/1/012006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Millimeter wave technology is an important basic technology in 5G applications. It has higher bandwidth and lower delay. But high dynamics of the channel poses a major challenge to the design of congestion control protocols. Based on ns3, this paper conducts extensive experiments on the TCP congestion control protocols, and analyzes the transmission performance of different protocols over 5G millimeter wave links in detail. It will lay a foundation for further research on congestion control protocols suitable for 5G millimeter wave communications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mohanasundaram, T., S. Sathyanarayana, and M. Rizwana. "Disruptions on India’s FinTech landscape: The 5G wave." ITM Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213701008.

Full text

Abstract:

The emergence of FinTech companies disrupts the banking and financial service industry through its technology-driven services. But with 5G, the 5th generation mobile network, the entire FinTech outlook is disrupted. The 5G technology is expected to create a new FinTech ecosystem in India. The 5G features like enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), Lower latency and robust security aspects are certain to bring transformation in banking and FinTech industries. 5G’s application in different domains offers a ‘blue ocean’ of new prospects to FinTech companies. 5G technology offers necessary features to

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Omar, Ahmed S., and KingsleyA Ogudo. "Fifth Generation Non-Standalone to Standalone Wireless Architecture Reconstruction Solution and Implementation: South Africa Context." International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and its Applications 2023 (November 9, 2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59200/icarti.2023.003.

Full text

Abstract:

The wireless mobile communication industry has evolved immensely over the past five decades, starting from the voice-centric 1G technology to the current data-centric 5G technology because of the increasing data traffic and the need for higher data speed rates. To provide the initial experience of 5G technology, many network operators worldwide started their deployment with the Non-Standalone (NSA) solution to mainly reduce the cost and time. 5G NSA solution already provides lower latency, higher network capacity, and bandwidth compared to the legacy network, however, there is growing oncern a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Iribarren, Jose L., Juan J. Jimenez, Domingo Hernández, et al. "Postoperative Bleeding in Cardiac Surgery." Anesthesiology 108, no. 4 (2008): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318167aecc.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) attenuates the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Polymorphisms of the PAI-1 gene are associated with varying PAI-1 levels and risk of prothrombotic events in nonsurgical patients. The purpose of this study, a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, was to investigate whether PAI-1 genotype affects the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) in reducing postoperative chest tube blood loss of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Fifty patients were classified according to PAI-1 genotype (4G/4G, 4G/5G, or 5G/5G). Twenty-four receive

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Abdellah, Ali, and Andrey Koucheryavy. "Artificial Intelligence Driven 5G and Beyond Networks." Telecom IT 10, no. 2 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-2-1-13.

Full text

Abstract:

5G networks and beyond are expected to meet numerous service requirements in various aspects of our daily lives. At the same time, the functional complexity of 5G telecommunication networks increases by an order of magnitude compared to existing networks. 5G data rates are dramatically faster, connection density is higher, and latency is much lower, among other improvements. An efficient 5G network cannot be complete without incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. All this requires the use of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, to ensure the stable operation of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sartori, Maria Teresa, Björn Wiman, Silvia Vettore, Francesco Dazzi, Antonio Girolami, and Giovanni Maurizio Patrassi. "4G/5G Polymorphism of PAI-1 Gene Promoter and Fibrinolytic Capacity in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 80, no. 12 (1998): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615395.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryA deletion/insertion polymorphism (4G or 5G) in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene has been suggested to be involved in regulation of the synthesis of the inhibitor, the 4G allele being associated with enhanced gene expression. A relationship between 4G/5G polymorphism and PAI-1 levels was found in patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but not in healthy subjects. In the present work we studied the distribution of PAI-1 4G/5G geno-type and its relation to fibrinolytic capacity in 70 unrelated patients with deep vein thrombosis. Each patient wa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

K, Bala Harish Kumar, Jaswanth Rathinam S, Saranya R, and Mrs Raju M. "The Study of 5G Technology in Metaverse." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (2022): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46601.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: 5G can provide lower latency, greater capacity, and higher speed, than 4G LTE Networks. It is one of the most robust technologies and the fastest the world has ever seen. It means much lower lag, quicker downloads, and a significant effect on how we live, play, and work. The speed of 5G and other connectivity benefits are expected to make businesses more efficient and give end users to access more information faster than ever before. Smart stadiums, Connected cars, and advanced gaming all will depend on 5G networks. In 1992, Neal Stephenson coined metaverse in his novel Snow Crash. I

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Asha and Dahiya Sandeep. "A comprehensive review of Millimeter wave based radio over fiber for 5G front haul transmissions." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (2021): 86–100. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i1.2177.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To find out how fiber distribution system could be utilized for 5G based futuristic higher capacity and lower latency front haul transmission system.<strong> Findings:</strong> Integrating the transmission of Millimeter wave (Mm wave) signals over the Radio over Fiber (RoF) system i.e. Mm-RoF can be seen as a promising candidate that would satisfy the requirement imposed by 5G wireless system. Further, optical generation of Mm wave signals is a major concern that needs to be taken care of and some appropriate hybrid photonic generation metho

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Rafif Abyakto, Qonita Auliani, Naif Baihaqi, Muhammad Rizki, and Diyajeng Luluk Karlina. "Analisis Gelombang Elektromagnetik pada Transmisi Jaringan 5G di Indonesia." Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Industri, Elektro dan Informatika 3, no. 4 (2024): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jtmei.v3i4.4545.

Full text

Abstract:

Electromagnetic waves in 5G transmission in Indonesia, a cellular network based on electromagnetic waves, which has revolutionized wireless communications. This wireless technology is more advanced than previous wireless technologies (1G, 2G, 3G and 4G). Electromagnetic waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation consisting of electric and magnetic fields moving simultaneously. 5G operates at a higher frequency than previous cellular technologies. The relationship between 5G signals and electromagnetic waves and their impact on signal performance and range. Here we discuss how 5G operates at

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Schless, Ton. "The Relevance of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic Module Packaging in the 5G Market." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (2017): 000773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-wp31_147.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract 5th Generation Telecommunications Technology, 5G, is emerging to provide the market with even higher data rates and bandwidth and lower response times than the 4th generation telecommunications technology, 4G/LTE, that is currently deployed. With commercial 5G networks coming on-line in 2020 the network providers and infrastructure companies are quickly developing devices and systems to meet the demand of the 5G market. Since high data rates and high bandwidths demand high frequency microwave, MW, devices, Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic, LTCC, is one of the materials of choice for t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zhang, Zi, Zhuolin Li, Jian Pan, Wenli Chen, and Qiulin Bai. "Artificial Intelligence Development and Music Education System Reform in the Context of 5G Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2384794.

Full text

Abstract:

The application of 5G communication technology will help our lives in many ways because the biggest advantage of 5G technology is the ubiquitous wireless connectivity, coupled with the standardization of IP as a data protocol, the availability of low-cost and powerful computing resources in the cloud, and the increased speed of transmitted data, all of which help shape the vision of 5G. Many application scenarios can use lower-cost 5G networks. Based on advances in various communication technologies, several new application scenarios, including robotics and human-robot interaction, are beginni

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ramineni, Padmasree, Manasa Yellagalla, and Bhavana Rajpet. "Evaluation of Modulation Techniques for 5G Wireless Communication: A Performance Comparison of OFDM, F-OFDM, UFMC and FBMC in terms of PSD, BER and SNR Metrics." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 7 (2024): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i71209.

Full text

Abstract:

Modulation techniques in 5G wireless communication systems play a crucial role in meeting demands for higher data rates, lower latency, and improved connectivity. This involves optimizing power spectral density (PSD), enhancing data transmission reliability, and reducing bit error rates (BER) and interference. The objective of this paper is to evaluate primary modulation schemes used in 5G—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Filter-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC)—based on performan

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

M., M. Hasan Mahfuz, Shazzadul Islam Md., Md. Rafiqul Islam, Hadi Habaebi Mohamed, and Sakib Nazmus. "Design of UWB microstrip patch antenna with variable band notched characteristics." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 19, no. 2 (2021): pp. 357~363. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v19i2.18147.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently lower frequency band 4.5 - 5.5 GHz is proposed by the ASEAN countries for 5G cellular application and therefore, it is essential of designing an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for the particular band-notched characteristics. In this article, a compact tuning fork shape ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna with a variable band-notched characteristic has been proposed for 5G cellular application. The UWB antenna has been achieved by using a tuning fork shape with a simple partial ground plane. A pair of ring shape slits (RSS) on the ground plane has been added to achieve the band-notched ch

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wang, Yuxuan. "Energy-saving Scheme of 5G Base Station Based on LSTM Neural Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 3 (2021): 032026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032026.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract As China’s new infrastructure,5G has received national and social attention. 5G promotes economic to grow rapidly. But, the high energy consumption caused by the massive deployment of 5G base stations cannot be ignored. The total annual power consumption is expected to reach 243 billion degrees when the 5G base station is fully built. In the tidal scene, some 5G base station in an idle state still power fully, which causes great power waste. The historical volume of base station business data is used to train LSTM model, and predict the future base station business. When the business

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Gallucci, Silvia, Marta Bonato, Martina Benini, et al. "Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band." Sensors 23, no. 1 (2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010104.

Full text

Abstract:

(1) Background: This work aims to assess human exposure to EMF due to two different wearable antennas tuned to two 5G bands. (2) Methods: The first one was centered in the lower 5G band, around f = 3.5 GHz, whereas the second one was tuned to the upper 5G band, at 26.5 GHz. Both antennas were positioned on the trunk of four simulated human models. The exposure assessment was performed by electromagnetic numerical simulations. Exposure levels were assessed by quantifying the specific absorption rate averaged on 10 g of tissue (SAR10g) and the absorbed power density (Sab), depending on the frequ

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sharma, Nirmala, and Subarna Shakya. "5G Coverage Planning for Urban Area at Kathmandu City, Nepal." September 2022 4, no. 3 (2022): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2022.3.004.

Full text

Abstract:

The excitement about the 5G wireless network has passed. Mobile network operators (MNO) have begun rolling out 5G networks alongside 4G cellular networks in lower frequency and mid-frequency bands (i.e., 3-6 GHz) all over the world. The mid-frequency band can greatly improve the performance of the current network (i.e., 50 MHz–100 MHz). All we know that the wider spectrum can be provided by the high frequency bands which is required to fulfill the greatest bitrates (20 Gb/s), lowest latencies, and constantly increasing capacity demands. The free space propagation loss rapidly increases as we m

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

B, Akhter, Humaun MR, and Ahamed KU. "Management of root-knot disease of pointed gourd through the application of nematicides and different organic amendments." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 9, no. 2 (2019): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v9i2.45410.

Full text

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ishwardi, Pabna during 2013-14 to find out an effective integrated management package for controlling root knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita </em>of pointed gourd. The following treatments were T1 = Spore suspension of <em>T. harzanium </em>added to around the roots of seedling, T2 = Dry neem leaves @100 g seedling-1, T3 = Furadan 5G @ 40 kg ha-1, T4 = Poultry litter @ 5 t ha-1, T5 = Mustard oil cake @ 800 kg ha-1, T6 = Furadan 5G + Dry neem

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

A, Suguna, Abhimanyu Kumar, Akarsh Vats, and Arpit Kumar. "Challenges and Open Issues in Cloud Computing and 5G Integration." International Research Journal of Computer Science 10, no. 05 (2023): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2023.v1005.13.

Full text

Abstract:

Both cloud computing and 5G have the potential to completely disrupt a number of industries, including telecommunications, healthcare, finance, and transportation. Enhanced connectivity, faster data transmission, lower latency, and higher scalability are all promised by the union of cloud computing and 5G. However, the combination of these two technologies also brings about a number of difficulties and unresolved problems. In order to provide insights into potential solutions, this article attempts to investigate the main concerns and obstacles at the junction of cloud computing and 5G. In ord

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Younis, E. Abdalla. "5G Infrastructure Network in Libya." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 1, no. 11 (2024): 247–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14249401.

Full text

Abstract:

The stages of Planning and Design play a pivotal role in the successful adoption of any new technology. The transition to (Fifth Generation) 5G is expected to be quite different and complex from the previous generations of wireless technologies. Along with the deployment challenges, business leaders are also perplexed by the economic uncertainties that 5G brings, given the uncertainty around regulatory issues such as which spectrum will be released first viz lower band (700 MHz) or the mid to high band (3-4 GHz), or the mm band (24- 39 GHz) and the lack of proven use-cases. Because of this amb

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Priyanka and Abhilasha A. Lal. "Efficacy of Trichoderma viride and Leaf Extracts against Southern Corn Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis) of Maize (Zea mays L.)." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 9 (2024): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i92331.

Full text

Abstract:

Southern corn leaf blight is one of the most serious disease-causing damage in entire country, the disease caused by Bipolaris maydis by producing lengthy, cigar structured ovoid and greyish lesions on lower leaf parts. The present investigation on “Evaluation of Trichoderma viride and leaf extracts on southern corn leaf blight (B. maydis) of maize (Zea mays L.)” was carried out at seven treatments were tested under field condition namely T. viride @ 5g/kg (ST) + Neem leaf extract @ 10% (FS), T.viride @ 5g/kg (ST) + Eucalyptus leaf extract @ 10% (FS), T. viride @ 5g/kg (ST) +Lantana camara @ 1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Tom, Teckshawer. "5G Impacts, Internet of Things (IoT) and Businesses in Developing Countries." Technium Social Sciences Journal 46 (August 9, 2023): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v46i1.9279.

Full text

Abstract:

This study addresses the ramifications of 5G technology for enterprises in developing countries and how it affects the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT ecosystem is expected to see considerable improvements in connectivity, speed, and capacity with the introduction of 5G networks. The potential advantages and difficulties of integrating 5G technology into the IoT landscape are discussed in this study, along with how it might change several industries in developing nations. This research also highlights how 5G technology might boost IoT capabilities through higher device densities, lower laten

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ichimescu, Adrian, Nirvana Popescu, Eduard C. Popovici, and Antonela Toma. "Energy Efficiency for 5G and Beyond 5G: Potential, Limitations, and Future Directions." Sensors 24, no. 22 (2024): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24227402.

Full text

Abstract:

Energy efficiency constitutes a pivotal performance indicator for 5G New Radio (NR) networks and beyond, and achieving optimal efficiency necessitates the meticulous consideration of trade-offs against other performance parameters, including latency, throughput, connection densities, and reliability. Energy efficiency assumes it is of paramount importance for both User Equipment (UE) to achieve battery prologue and base stations to achieve savings in power and operation cost. This paper presents an exhaustive review of power-saving research conducted for 5G and beyond 5G networks in recent yea

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

AL-Saif, Haitham, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Tajammal Chughtai, and Jamal Nasir. "Compact Ultra-Wide Band MIMO Antenna System for Lower 5G Bands." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (June 4, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2396873.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a novel compact 2 × 2 planar MIMO antenna system with ultra-wide band capability. Antenna system is specifically designed to target lower 5th generation operating bands ranging from 2 GHz to 12 GHz. This band also covers the IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac. The antenna array geometry has been simulated using CST MWS. The design is extremely miniaturized with total structure size of 13×25×0.254 mm3. The simulated and measured results have been presented. Measured and simulated return loss values for designed antenna are less than −10 dB over the operating band and lowest values of −3

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kumutha, D., K. E. Lakshmiprabha, S. Jeevitha, K. Jayanthi, and M. Jeyabharathi. "A Lower 6GHz MIMO Antenna with EBG Structure in 5G Applications." Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics 16, no. 6 (2024): 06015–1. https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.16(6).06015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Sedani, B. S., N. A. Kotak, and K. R. Borisagar. "Critical Review on Effect of 5G Technology on Covid-19 and Human Health Issues." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 2 (2021): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i2.49514.

Full text

Abstract:

This analytic research paper discusses the effects of emerging futuristic 5th Generation (5G) cellular technology over human health. The technology is growing with three major advantages of high speed, lower latency and to connect more devices at the same time. In the recent pandemic event of Covid-19, many believe that for the achievement of high speed in 5G, it will be required to have high power and this high power will decrease the immune system in short term. But actually, the reality doesn’t support the above condition. This paper defines how the speed will increase with the help of low

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Nelaturi, Suman, and Nookala Venkata Satya Narasimha Sarma. "Patch Antenna Based on MUC for Wi-Fi and 5G." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 66, no. 1 (2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.15158.

Full text

Abstract:

This communication reported the patch antenna working at Wi-Fi and 5G bands. To acquire compactness the side lengths of the patch are taken based on upper-frequency band (3.3 GHz). Dual-band operation (lower resonating band) is realized by loading the Mushroom Unit Cell (MUC) along the bottom right corner of the patch. To obtain Circular Polarization (CP) at the 5G band the conventional patch is modified with fractal boundary. This blend of the Double Negative Transmission Lines metamaterials (DNG TL), as well as fractal concepts yielded good compactness suitable for ultra-thin portable gadget

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Akhter, B., MR Humaun, and KU Ahamed. "Management of root-knot disease of pointed gourd through the application of nematicides and different organic amendments." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 9, no. 2 (2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v9i2.45410.

Full text

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ishwardi, Pabna during 2013-14 to find out an effective integrated management package for controlling root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita of pointed gourd. The following treatments were T1 = Spore suspension of T. harzanium added to around the roots of seedling, T2 = Dry neem leaves @100 g seedling-1, T3 = Furadan 5G @ 40 kg ha-1, T4 = Poultry litter @ 5 t ha-1, T5 = Mustard oil cake @ 800 kg ha-1, T6 = Furadan 5G + Dry neem leaves, T7 = Furadan 5G + Poultry litt

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Pérez-Martínez, P., M. D. Adarraga-Cansino, R. A. Fernández de la Puebla, et al. "The -675 4G/5G polymorphism at the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene modulates plasma Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 concentrations in response to dietary fat consumption." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 4 (2007): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507831710.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of the study was to determine whether Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) -675 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with the response of functional plasma PAI-1 concentrations to changes in the amount and quality of dietary fat in healthy subjects. PAI-1 is the major inhibitor of fibrinolysis, and a lower level of fibrinolytic activity could be implicated in an increased risk of IHD. Fifty-nine healthy Spanish volunteers (ten 4G/4G homozygotes, twenty-eight heterozygotes 4G/5G and twenty-one 5G/5G homozygotes) consumed three diets for periods of 4 weeks each: a SFA-rich di

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rogozhnikov, Evgeniy V., Edgar M. Dmitriev, Danila A. Kondrashov, Yakov V. Kryukov, Artem V. Konovalchikov, and Semyon M. Mukhamadiev. "Application of the 5G NR Physical Layer in Space Communications, Performance Evaluation." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 16, no. 1 (2024): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/j.rensit.2023.16.143.

Full text

Abstract:

The propagation channel is significantly modified in the case of 5th Generation New Radio radio access technology (5G NR) in space communication systems. In particular, large delays occur with respect to the terrestrial propagation channel, and signal attenuation increases, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The Doppler shift of the carrier frequency is also significantly increased due to the high velocity of the spacecraft (SC) relative to the user equipment (UE). The aim of the work is to investigate the decoding capability of the physical channels and signals of the 5G NR sys

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Aerts, Sam, Kenneth Deprez, Leen Verloock, et al. "RF-EMF Exposure near 5G NR Small Cells." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 3145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063145.

Full text

Abstract:

Of particular interest within fifth generation (5G) cellular networks are the typical levels of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by ‘small cells’, low-power base stations, which are installed such that both workers and members of the general public can come in close proximity with them. In this study, RF-EMF measurements were performed near two 5G New Radio (NR) base stations, one with an Advanced Antenna System (AAS) capable of beamforming and the other a traditional microcell. At various positions near the base stations, with distances ranging between 0.5 m and 100 m

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Segun, Adewumi Adebayo, Eleyele Dolapo Emmanuel, Alagbe Atilade George, and Azeez Ibraheem Abiodun. "DESIGN, SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HELICAL ANTENNA FOR 4G AND 5G MOBILE NETWORKS COMPLIANCE." Acta Electronica Malaysia 8, no. 2 (2024): 39–44. https://doi.org/10.26480/aem.02.2024.39.44.

Full text

Abstract:

The 5G cellular network aims to address bandwidth needs due to the large number of subscribers worldwide. However, higher-bandwidth antennas are needed to integrate into the design. Helical antennas offer design simplicity, gain, and wider bandwidth, but their radiation pattern narrows bandwidth as diameter and turn increase. This paper aims to develop and evaluate the performance of helical antennas at different dimensions and turns for 4G and 5G network frequency applications. The study used MATLAB 2021a to design and simulate helical antennas with various turns. Parameters like width, spaci

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Stefanovic, Nenad, Marija Blagojevic, Ivan Pokrajac, Marian Greconici, Yigang Cen, and Vladimir Mladenovic. "A Symbolic Encapsulation Point as Tool for 5G Wideband Channel Cross-Layer Modeling." Entropy 22, no. 10 (2020): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101151.

Full text

Abstract:

Considering that networks based on New Radio (NR) technology are oriented to provide services of desired quality (QoS), it becomes questionable how to model and predict targeted QoS values, especially if the physical channel is dynamically changing. In order to overcome mobility issues, we aim to support the evaluation of second-order statistics of signal, namely level-crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD) that is missing in general channel 5G models. Presenting results from our symbolic encapsulation point 5G (SEP5G) additional tool, we fill this gap and motivate further extensi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Lodhi, Khalid, Jayant Chhillar, Sumit J. Darak, and Divisha Sharma. "Design and Performance Analysis of Hardware Realization of 3GPP Physical Layer for 5G Cell Search." Chips 2, no. 4 (2023): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chips2040014.

Full text

Abstract:

5G Cell Search (CS) is the first step for user equipment (UE) to initiate communication with the 5G node B (gNB) every time it is powered ON. In cellular networks, CS is accomplished via synchronization signals (SS) broadcasted by gNB. 5G 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) specifications offer a detailed discussion on the SS generation at gNB, but a limited understanding of their blind search and detection is available. Unlike 4G, 5G SS may not be transmitted at the center of carrier frequency, and their frequency location is unknown to UE. In this work, we demonstrate the 5G CS by desi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Sharmila, M., and R. V. S. Satyanarayana. "Resource allocation schemes in 5G: survey and challenges." i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems 11, no. 2 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcs.11.2.18984.

Full text

Abstract:

In telecommunications, 5G is the fifth-generation of mobile networks with the enhanced features of higher data rates, lower power consumption, and extremely reduced latency over 4G. The spatial resource reused by 5G networks which is to facilitate customers with desired Quality of Service (QoS) by developing small cells into the coverage of macro cells. However, there is limited spectrum reuse and mutual interference among different users, an efficient Resource Allocation (RA) algorithm is required to reduce interference and to attain spectrum sharing. Many existing technologies have been prop

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kamil Audah, Et al. "Provably Energy Efficiency and Lower Power Consumption Based on HOA in 5G MIMO-NOMA Systems." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 3648–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9587.

Full text

Abstract:

The rapid expansion of 5G communication networks necessitates improved energy efficiency and reduced power consumption. This article explores the integration of Hybrid Optimization Algorithms (HOA) in 5G MIMO-NOMA systems, aiming to enhance energy efficiency and minimize power usage. The proposed methodology leverages MIMO technology and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). We introduce a new power consumption model based on HOA, recognizing MIMO-NOMA as pivotal in future wireless communication systems. HOA allows simultaneous service for more users, leading to heightened energy efficiency a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!