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Journal articles on the topic 'Lower Chambo River Basin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Mendoza, Benito, Manuel Fiallos, Sandra Iturralde, et al. "Determination of field capacity in the Chibunga and Guano rivers micro-basins." F1000Research 10 (March 3, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28143.1.

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Background: The micro-basins of the Chibunga and Guano rivers are located within the sub-basin of the Chambo River, which starts at the thaw of the Chimborazo, crosses the cities of Guano and Riobamba, and ends in the Chambo River. These rivers are considered fluvial hydrological forces and geological limits of the aquifer, located in this sub-basin. For this reason, our investigation addressed the field capacity in the micro-basins of Chibunga and Guano rivers, to determine the maximum retention potential, i.e., the saturation of water in the soil. Methods: We investigated the change of precipitation to runoff through the correlations between the characteristics of the soil and its vegetation. We applied the Curve Number (CN) method introduced by the United States Soil Conservation Service (USSCS); this represents an empirical model, which relates the vegetation cover to the geological and topographic conditions of the soil. Along with the geographic information system, the model allows to represent the variation of runoffs for each micro-basin, according to the different land use categories, over the time frame from 2010 to 2014. Results: We found that the maximum retention potential is directly affected by CN values, representing the runoff potential. Highest values of 100 belong to the wetlands, urban area, snow, and water, as rain is converted directly into runoff, being impervious areas. The Guano river micro-basin possesses clay soil with CN of 78, the soil texture for eucalyptus forest is clay loam, and its CN value, 46, is the lowest of the data set. Knowledge of field capacity allows to properly evaluate the storage capacity of soil and water conservation. Conclusions: Results of this work will be useful in the quantification of the water balance, to determine the water supply and demand.

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2

Taylor, P., and G. Wright. "Establishing river basin organisations in Vietnam: Red River, Dong Nai River and Lower Mekong Delta." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (2001): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0557.

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River basin management is receiving considerable attention at present. Part of the debate, now occurring worldwide, concerns the nature of the organisations that are required to manage river basins successfully, and whether special-purpose river basin organisations (RBOs) are always necessary and in what circumstance they are likely to (i) add to the management of the water resources and (ii) be successful. The development of river basin management requires a number of important elements to be developed to a point where the river basin can be managed successfully. These include the relevant laws, the public and non-government institutions, the technical capabilities of the people, the understanding and motivation of people, and the technical capacity and systems, including information. A river basin organisation (or RBO) is taken to mean a special-purpose organisation charged with some part of the management of the water resources of a particular river basin. Generally speaking, such organisations are responsible for various functions related to the supply, distribution, protection and allocation of water, and their boundaries follow the watershed of the river in question. However, the same functions can be carried out by various organisations, which are not configured on the geographical boundaries of a river basin. This paper outlines recent work on river basin organisation in Vietnam, and makes some comparisons with the situation in Australia.

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3

Kudo, Shun, Atsuhiro Yorozuya, Hiroshi Koseki, Yoichi Iwami, and Makoto Nakatsugawa. "Inundation Process in the Lower Mekong River Basin." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 6 (2016): 1062–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p1062.

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This study simulated the inundation process in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB). The LMB has suffered from severe floods, especially in 2000 and 2011. To quantify the inundation of water in a basin where large-scale inundation by river water occurs, understanding the conveyance of a river channel during a flood is particularly important. Therefore, we conducted a field survey using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (aDcp) to understand the longitudinal distribution of the width and depth of the river channel and the variation in hydraulic resistance with respect to shear stress on the riverbed. It was found that the width and depth vary longitudinally, and the relationship between them can be estimated by an equation derived from governing equations of water and sediment and the bed load formula. Furthermore, it was revealed that hydraulic resistance decreases with increasing non-dimensional shear stress. Then, the characteristics of the river channel were incorporated into the runoff-inundation simulation. Furthermore, inundation water should be validated not only in terms of inundation extent but also with respect to water depth and velocity. These were estimated using 8-day composite surface reflectance data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and the SRTM. Simulation results indicated that water level and discharge within the river channel were able to reproduce observed values. Additionally, simulated inundation extent, water velocity, and water depth over the floodplain showed reasonable agreement with the results using the data from the MODIS and the SRTM. Although there are some elements that should be improved, the inundation process in the LMB was simulated appropriately despite its complexity. The method described in this study to set a calculation condition and to validate variables over a floodplain should be useful for runoff-inundation simulation in various large-scale basins.

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4

ÖZŞAHİN, Emre, and Ahmet ATASOY. "The Soils of The Lower Asi River Basin." Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 24224 (2015): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21547/jss.256776.

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5

Vasenko, O. G. "Environmental Situation in the Lower Dnipro River Basin." Water Quality Research Journal 33, no. 4 (1998): 457–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1998.027.

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Abstract The paper summarizes Ukrainian findings and conclusions of the first Ukrainian-Canadian field study on the state of the environment in the Lower Dnipro River Basin. Three major issues were identified during the field study: accelerated eutrophication from municipal and agro-industrial discharges, industrial pollution, and radionucleide contamination of reservoir sediments. The Dnipropetrovsk-Zaporizhzhia-Kryviy Rih triangle has been recognized as an area which has been greatly affected by pollutants originating from many activities, including heavy industry, oil refining, metallurgy, petrochemistry, mining and power generation. The results of biological assays demonstrated that the Lower Dnipro River is endangered by toxic pollution originating from poorly treated or untreated effluent discharges. Of 58 industrial wastewater samples, taken at 31 outlets of the Dnripo and its tributaries, 69% contained various levels of toxic substances. Various degrees of toxicity were detected in 97% of 53 of the wastewater samples, taken at 37 sites. As a result, the majority of the tributaries sampled were of poor water quality and exceeded the statutory pollution standards. The diversity of phyto- and zooplankton was found to be severely reduced as was the native fish population in the Dnipro reservoirs. The maximum Cs-137 concentrations in bottom sediments of the Dnipro reservoirs varied from 31 to 520 Bq/kg, with the highest levels occurring in the reservoir closest to Chernobyl. The Ukranian government has identified the Lower Dnipro Basin as a top priority area for a strategic remedial action plan.

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6

Tarbeeva, Anna, Lyudmila Lebedeva, Vladimir Efremov, Vladimir Shamov, and Olga Makarieva. "Water tracks in the lower Lena River basin." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016304007.

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In the permafrost regions, where water filtration zone is limited by the shallow active layer, the surface flow forms a network of hollows, called «water tracks», oriented along the slope gradient. Water tracks are clearly distinguished on satellite images, but poorly defined in the field. The pattern of the water tracks network depends on geomorphological position, permafrost and geological conditions and dominant cryogenic processes. Surface flow could occur in the water tracks during the snowmelt and heavy rains, when the soil is entirely frozen or fully saturated by water. In dry periods, the water tracks form retention zones due to low filtration rates and significant capacity of thawed soil beneath the troughs. Our study of water tracks in the north-western Yakutia showed the changes of their morphology from upstream towards downstream. The water levels in the water tracks have a pronounced diurnal course in reverse phase to the water temperature variation. They are related to diurnal ground thawing dynamics. Hydrology of water tracks depends on the peat thickness, active layer properties and lithology. Water tracks formed by rubble rocks respond to a storm event with rapidly increasing water level. The deeper thawing layer, the smoother water levels rise and decrease.

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7

Stamer, John K., and Ronald B. Zelt. "Organonitrogen herbicides in the lower Kansas River basin." Journal - American Water Works Association 86, no. 1 (1994): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06139.x.

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8

Jacobs, Jeffrey W. "Toward Sustainability in Lower Mekong River Basin Development." Water International 19, no. 1 (1994): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069408686196.

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9

Ribeiro, C. R. S., D. A. Z. Garcia, A. D. A. Costa, et al. "Length-weight relationships of fish species from Lower Paranapanema River Basin, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 33, no. 5 (2017): 1038–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.13415.

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10

Wise, Erika K., Connie A. Woodhouse, Gregory J. McCabe, Gregory T. Pederson, and Jeannine-Marie St-Jacques. "Hydroclimatology of the Missouri River Basin." Journal of Hydrometeorology 19, no. 1 (2018): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0155.1.

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Abstract Despite the importance of the Missouri River for navigation, recreation, habitat, hydroelectric power, and agriculture, relatively little is known about the basic hydroclimatology of the Missouri River basin (MRB). This is of particular concern given the droughts and floods that have occurred over the past several decades and the potential future exacerbation of these extremes by climate change. Here, observed and modeled hydroclimatic data and estimated natural flow records in the MRB are used to 1) assess the major source regions of MRB flow, 2) describe the climatic controls on streamflow in the upper and lower basins , and 3) investigate trends over the instrumental period. Analyses indicate that 72% of MRB runoff is generated by the headwaters in the upper basin and by the lowest portion of the basin near the mouth. Spring precipitation and temperature and winter precipitation impacted by changes in zonal versus meridional flow from the Pacific Ocean play key roles in surface water supply variability in the upper basin. Lower basin flow is significantly correlated with precipitation in late spring and early summer, indicative of Atlantic-influenced circulation variability affecting the flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Although increases in precipitation in the lower basin are currently overriding the effects of warming temperatures on total MRB flow, the upper basin’s long-term trend toward decreasing flows, reduction in snow versus rain fraction, and warming spring temperatures suggest that the upper basin may less often provide important flow supplements to the lower basin in the future.

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11

Boenigk, W. "The Pleistocene drainage pattern in the Lower Rhine Basin." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, no. 2 (2002): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600022447.

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AbstractDuring the Pleistocene the drainage pattern in the Lower Rhine Basin changed twice, from a flooding of the whole basin by the river Rhine from SW to NE to an influence restricted to the NE only.The first dominance of the river Rhine is documented from the Reuverian to the Tiglian, the second one in the Cromerian. In between this time, the Meuse River drained the central Lower Rhine Basin in NE direction. For the sediments of that river, the term ‘Holzweiler Formation’ is introduced. Since the Late Cromerian, the influence of the Rhine is again restricted to the NE of the Lower Rhine Basin. The central part of the basin is drained by small local rivers.

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12

Zielinski, C. M., H. V. Lorz, and J. L. Bartholomew. "Detection ofMyxobolus cerebralisin the Lower Deschutes River Basin, Oregon." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 30, no. 4 (2010): 1032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/m09-155.1.

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13

THAMMONGKOL, THAIPUCK. "Centralized Basinwide River Forecasting for the Lower Mekong Basin." Natural Resources Forum 10, no. 2 (1986): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1986.tb00793.x.

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14

Cate, F. M. "River Basin Management in Lower and Upper Austria: Beginnings and Future Prospects." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (1999): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0519.

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The feasibility of implementing integrated river basin management in countries with strong federal structures such as Austria or Germany has always been questioned. The present systems of water management in two Austrian states are examined as case studies. The obstacles to integrated river basin management are analysed. A possible solution is suggested, involving all stakeholders within an institutional framework to be created under the federal water law. In addition, the implications of the proposed EU Water Framework Directive for a federal state within a large, politically diversified basin (Danube River Basin) are analysed. Future prospects for river basin management, despite the inherent difficulties, are bright.

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15

Iorgu, Ionuţ Ştefan, Elena Iulia Iorgu, and Nadejda Stahi. "The Orthoptera (Insecta) from Middle and Lower Prut River Basin." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 56, no. 2 (2013): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/travmu-2013-0012.

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Abstract The ecological preferences and bioacoustics of bush-crickets, crickets and grasshoppers species were studied in middle and lower Prut River basin, a research conducted in 55 localities from Romania and 33 localities in the Republic of Moldova. A total number of 91 species of Orthoptera were collected in the study area: 85 species encountered on the western side of Prut River basin (9 Phaneropteridae, 24 Tettigoniidae, 1 Bradyporidae, 5 Gryllidae, 1 Gryllotalpidae, 1 Tridactylidae, 5 Tetrigidae, 39 Acrididae) and 76 species found on the eastern side (7 Phaneropteridae, 19 Tettigoniidae, 1 Bradyporidae, 5 Gryllidae, 1 Gryllotalpidae, 1 Tridactylidae, 3 Tetrigidae, 39 Acrididae). Four species are recorded for the first time in the Orthoptera fauna of the Republic of Moldova: Barbitistes constrictus (Fabricius), Poecilimon fussii Brunner von Wattenwyl, Metrioptera roeselii fedtschenkoi (Saussure) and Pholidoptera frivaldskyi (Herman).

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16

Barba Macías, Everardo. "Crustaceans diversity of the lower basin river Papaloapan, Veracruz, Mexico." Hidrobiológica 26, no. 3 (2016): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2016v26n3/barba.

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17

Xue, Bin, and Shuchun Yao. "Recent sedimentation rates in lakes in lower Yangtze River basin." Quaternary International 244, no. 2 (2011): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.01.003.

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18

Hori, Hiroshi. "Environmental Issues in Lower Mekong River Basin Development:The Underlying Arguments." Water International 28, no. 1 (2003): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060308691669.

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19

Pieterse, Arnold H., Seppo K. Hellsten, Georg A. Janauer, Charles Dieme, Sara Diouf, and Norbert Exler. "Management of aquatic vegetation in the lower Senegal River basin." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 28, no. 2 (2002): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2001.11901777.

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20

Boskidis, I., G. D. Gikas, G. K. Sylaios, and V. A. Tsihrintzis. "Hydrologic and Water Quality Modeling of Lower Nestos River Basin." Water Resources Management 26, no. 10 (2012): 3023–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0064-7.

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21

Nhassengo, Osvaldo Silva Zefanias, Hiroaki Somura, and June Wolfe. "Environmental flow sustainability in the Lower Limpopo River Basin, Mozambique." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 36 (August 2021): 100843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100843.

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22

Ritohardoyo, Su, and P. Priyono. "Rural Settlement Development and Environment Carrying Capacity Changes in Progo River Basin." Forum Geografi 19, no. 2 (2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v19i2.4843.

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Generally the broader rural settlement the heavier population pressure on agricultural land. It indicates that carrying capacity of the rural environment threatened lower. The spatial distribution of the threat in a river basin is quite important as one of the river basin management inputs. Therefore, this article aims at exposing result of research about influence rural population growth and rural settlement land changes to environment carrying capacity. This research was carried out in the rural area in Progo river basin consists 56 sub districts (34 sub districts part of Jawa Tengah Province, and 22 sub districts part of Yogyakarta Special Region). The whole sub districts are such as unit analysis, and research method is based on secondary data analysis. Several data consist Districts Region in Figure 1997 and 2003 (Temanggung, Magelang, Kulon Progo, Sleman and Bantul) such as secondary data analysis. Data analysis employs of frequency and cross tabulation, statistics of regression and test. Result of the research shows that population growth of the rural areas in Progo river basin are about 0.72% annum; or the household growth about 3.15% annum as long as five years (1996-2003). Spatial distribution of the population growth in the upper part of the Progo river basin is higher than in the middle and lower part of the basin. The number proportion of farmer in every sub district area in this river basin have increased from 69.95% in 1997 to 70.81% in the year of 2003. It means that work opportunities broadening are still sluggish. However, the number proportion of farmers in the upper part of the Progo river basin is lower than in the middle and lower part of the basin. The rates of settlement land areas changes (0.32 ha/annum) as long as five years (1997-2003) is not as fast as the rates of agricultural land areas changes (0.47 ha/annum). Spatial land settlement areas changes in the lower (6.1 ha/annum) and middle parts (2.4 ha/annum) faster than upper part of the river basin, as a consequence the different accessibility to urban area. Environment carrying capacity of every sub district areas in this river basin becomes lower as long as five years (1997-2003). In the upper part of the basin however, the index of environment carrying data (0.13) higher than in the lower part of this river basin (0.09), especially in the several sub districts surrounding urban area. The environment carrying capacity of Progo river basin depends on the land settlement and the growth of household number changes. However, influence of the land settlement area changes is stronger than the growth of household number changes to the environment carrying capacity. This result of research shows that spatial and temporal characteristics of settlement environment degradation in the lower and middle parts wider than in the upper part of Progo river basin in the coming twenty five of years.

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23

Zhang, Qiang, Xihui Gu, Vijay P. Singh, Peijun Shi, and Peng Sun. "More frequent flooding? Changes in flood frequency in the Pearl River basin, China, since 1951 and over the past 1000 years." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 5 (2018): 2637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2637-2018.

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Abstract. Flood risks across the Pearl River basin, China, were evaluated using a peak flood flow dataset covering a period of 1951–2014 from 78 stations and historical flood records of the past 1000 years. The generalized extreme value (GEV) model and the kernel estimation method were used to evaluate frequencies and risks of hazardous flood events. Results indicated that (1) no abrupt changes or significant trends could be detected in peak flood flow series at most of the stations, and only 16 out of 78 stations exhibited significant peak flood flow changes with change points around 1990. Peak flood flow in the West River basin increased and significant increasing trends were identified during 1981–2010; decreasing peak flood flow was found in coastal regions and significant trends were observed during 1951–2014 and 1966–2014. (2) The largest three flood events were found to cluster in both space and time. Generally, basin-scale flood hazards can be expected in the West and North River basins. (3) The occurrence rate of floods increased in the middle Pearl River basin but decreased in the lower Pearl River basin. However, hazardous flood events were observed in the middle and lower Pearl River basin, and this is particularly true for the past 100 years. However, precipitation extremes were subject to moderate variations and human activities, such as building of levees, channelization of river systems, and rapid urbanization; these were the factors behind the amplification of floods in the middle and lower Pearl River basin, posing serious challenges for developing measures of mitigation of flood hazards in the lower Pearl River basin, particularly the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region.

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24

KUDO, Shun, Atsuhiro YOROZUYA, E. D. P PERERA, Hiroshi KOSEKI, Yoichi IWAMI, and Makoto NAKATSUGAWA. "INFLUENCE ANALYSIS OF OBSERVED RIVER CHANNEL CONDITIONS ON INUNDATION PROCESS IN LOWER MEKONG RIVER BASIN." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 72, no. 4 (2016): I_145—I_150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.72.i_145.

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25

Roegner, G. Curtis, Earl W. Dawley, Micah Russell, Allan Whiting, and David J. Teel. "Juvenile Salmonid Use of Reconnected Tidal Freshwater Wetlands in Grays River, Lower Columbia River Basin." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139, no. 4 (2010): 1211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/t09-082.1.

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26

Oh, Yun-Yeong, Se-Yeong Hamm, Gyoo-Bum Kim, Chung-Mo Lee, and Sang Yong Chung. "Statistical Approach to River-Aquifer Interaction in the Lower Nakdong River Basin, Republic of Korea." Irrigation and Drainage 65 (April 17, 2016): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.1998.

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27

Triana, Enrique, Timothy K. Gates, and John W. Labadie. "River GeoDSS for Agroenvironmental Enhancement of Colorado’s Lower Arkansas River Basin. II: Evaluation of Strategies." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 136, no. 2 (2010): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000021.

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28

He, Li. "Effects of Human Activities in the Wei River Basin on the Lower Yellow River, China." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 26, no. 6 (2017): 2555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/70629.

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29

Solari, L. C., M. C. Claps, and N. A. Gabellone. "River-backwater pond interactions in the lower basin of the Salado River (Buenos Aires, Argentina)." River Systems 13, no. 1-2 (2002): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/13/2002/99.

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30

Dandridge, Chelsea, Bin Fang, and Venkat Lakshmi. "Downscaling of SMAP Soil Moisture in the Lower Mekong River Basin." Water 12, no. 1 (2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010056.

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In large river basins where in situ data were limited or absent, satellite-based soil moisture estimates can be used to supplement ground measurements for land and water resource management solutions. Consistent soil moisture estimation can aid in monitoring droughts, forecasting floods, monitoring crop productivity, and assisting weather forecasting. Satellite-based soil moisture estimates are readily available at the global scale but are provided at spatial scales that are relatively coarse for many hydrological modeling and decision-making purposes. Soil moisture data are obtained from NASA’s soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission radiometer as an interpolated product at 9 km gridded resolution. This study implements a soil moisture downscaling algorithm that was developed based on the relationship between daily temperature change and average soil moisture under varying vegetation conditions. It applies a look-up table using global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) soil moisture and surface temperature data, and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST). MODIS LST and NDVI are used to obtain downscaled soil moisture estimates. These estimates are then used to enhance the spatial resolution of soil moisture estimates from SMAP 9 km to 1 km. Soil moisture estimates at 1 km resolution are able to provide detailed information on the spatial distribution and pattern over the regions being analyzed. Higher resolution soil moisture data are needed for practical applications and modelling in large watersheds with limited in situ data, like in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB) in Southeast Asia. The 1 km soil moisture estimates can be applied directly to improve flood prediction and assessment as well as drought monitoring and agricultural productivity predictions for large river basins.

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31

NISHIDA, Shuzo, Noriko INOSAKA, Kohei TSUGITA, and Yusuke NAKATANI. "DISSOLVED SILICATE TRANSPORT IN ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM IN LOWER YODO RIVER BASIN." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 71, no. 4 (2015): I_1207—I_1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.71.i_1207.

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32

Thilakarathne, Madusanka, and Venkataramana Sridhar. "Characterization of future drought conditions in the Lower Mekong River Basin." Weather and Climate Extremes 17 (September 2017): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2017.07.004.

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33

Cai, Heng. "Spatial Modeling of Disaster Resilience in the Lower Mississippi River Basin." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-35-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB) in southeastern Louisiana is one of the most impacted and vulnerable coasts in the continental USA. This area has been facing recurring threats from coastal hazards in a long run. These hazardous events have negatively impacted the communities in various degrees. Therefore, identifying the places that are resilient to disasters and understanding the dynamic interactions among indicators are critical topics for pre-disaster preparation, post-disaster recovery, and establishment of mitigation plans.</p><p> Studies on how variables of community resilience to natural hazards interact as a system that affects the final resilience (i.e., their dynamical linkages) have rarely been conducted. Bayesian network (BN), which represents the interdependencies among variables in a graph while expressing the uncertainty in the form of probability distributions, offers an effective way to investigate the interactions among different resilience components and addresses the natural&ndash;human system as a whole. This study employed a BN to study the interdependencies of ten resilience variables and population change in the Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB) at the census block group scale. A genetic algorithm was used to identify an optimal BN where population change, a cumulative resilience indicator, was the target variable. The results uncovered a set of important resilience variables that could account for the spatial variation of population changes in a region vulnerable to coastal hazards, also identify and quantify the interactions among these variables in a probabilistic form, the results of which can then be used for future scenario modeling and planning for resilience.</p><p> Specifically, an optimal Bayesian network model was developed to explain the population change dynamics using data at block group scale. The study first extracted 10 variables from a group of 35 to derive the network. Through a genetic algorithm and after 906 generations, the resultant optimized Bayesian network was achieved with a cross-validation accuracy of 67%. The expectation-maximization (EM) method was used to learn the conditional probability tables, and the junction tree (JT) algorithm was applied to compute the posterior probabilities. Six variables were found to have direct impacts on population change, including hazard exposure, hazard damages, distance to coastline, employment rate, percent housing units built before 1970, and percent households with female householder. The remaining four variables are indirect variables, including percent agriculture land, percent flood zone area, percent owner-occupied housing units, and population density. Each variable has a conditional probability table so that its impacts on the probability of population change can be evaluated as it propagates through the network. These probabilities could be used for scenario modeling in the subsequent studies to help inform policies to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience.</p><p> We further used the developed BN model to simulate the probability of percent of population change under different scenarios by varying the probability distributions of some input variables. The simulation process was carried out through computing the posterior probability of the target variable. Findings from the scenarios simulation offer useful information on how the factors interact that lead to population change, which can be used to inform decision making on disaster resilience and adaptation strategies.</p><p> For example, the scenarios of lowering either the hazard exposure or damages (Scenarios 1 and 2) reveal a spatial pattern of which population-change state 4 (&minus;5.5% to 34.4%) becomes dominant, whereas extreme increase and decrease are less probable. Findings from Scenario 3 show that without the hazard exposure and damages the spatial pattern shows that no extreme population increase or decrease would possibly happen under the current socioeconomic and environmental condition. Results also show that reducing the percentage of housing units built before 1970 would be more effective than increasing the employment rate in terms of reducing population loss.</p>

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Potekhin, Alexey, Ewa Przyboś, and Maria Rautian. "Paramecium Species of the Upper and Lower Volga River Basin, Russia." Folia Biologica 56, no. 3 (2008): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb.56_3-4.203-207.

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Nehme, Nada, Chaden Haydar, Bachar Koubaissy, et al. "The Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Lower River Basin, Lebanon." Physics Procedia 55 (2014): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2014.07.066.

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Delgado, J., C. López Casado, P. Alfaro, J. J. Giner, and A. Estévez. "Liquefaction potential in the Lower Segura river basin (south-east Spain)." Engineering Geology 49, no. 1 (1998): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7952(97)00073-2.

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Reba, Michele L., and Joseph H. Massey. "Surface Irrigation in the Lower Mississippi River Basin: Trends and Innovations." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13970.

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HighlightsBetween 1950 and 2017, there was a 12-fold increase in irrigated area in Arkansas and a doubling in Louisiana.Groundwater provides over 90% of the irrigation water applied to the 4 Mha of cropland in the LMRB.Ongoing efforts to address aquifer declines have been multi-faceted and include those of producers, public (local, state, and federal) institutions, and private organizations.Irrigation water management innovations include precision grading, reduced-flood or no-flood rice irrigation, pump automation, computerized hole selection, flowmeter requirements, and permit-based water use limitations.Abstract. The Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB) is an agricultural region of national and international significance. The basin relies heavily on the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer to provide over 90% of the irrigation water applied to over four million hectares of cropland, with Arkansas using approximately 70% of the water and Mississippi and Missouri using approximately 15% each. Surface methods predominate, especially furrow irrigation using plastic lay-flat tubing in corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean and flood methods in rice. Irrigation extent has steadily increased by approximately 2% per year, such that irrigation withdrawals, combined with the region’s geology, have led to considerable aquifer declines in portions of Arkansas and Mississippi. Attempts to address these declines have been multi-faceted and include innovations in crop management and source water management, and programs in water resources management. Crop management innovations are focused on soybean and rice production and include precision grading, reduced-flood or no-flood rice irrigation, pump automation, and computerized hole selection. Adoption of these practices remains heavily reliant on field demonstrations and extension outreach. Source water management innovations include on-farm reservoirs, managed aquifer recharge, and regional-scale river diversions. Due to the concerted efforts of producers participating in regional and state programs, progress has been made in making surface irrigation more efficient and less reliant on groundwater. However, aquifer decline remains a challenge to the LMRB’s economy, ecology, and culture. Keywords: Aquifer decline, Irrigation, Lower Mississippi River Basin, Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Surface water.

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Kamal-Heikman, Shithi, Louis A. Derry, Jery R. Stedinger, and Christopher C. Duncan. "A Simple Predictive Tool for Lower Brahmaputra River Basin Monsoon Flooding." Earth Interactions 11, no. 21 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei226.1.

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Abstract The Brahmaputra River of South Asia is the fourth largest river in the world in terms of annual discharge. The lower Brahmaputra River basin is susceptible to catastrophic flooding with major social, economic, and public health impacts. There is relatively little rainfall and snowpack information for the watershed, and the system is poorly understood hydrologically. Using a combination of available remotely sensed and gauge data, this study analyzes snow cover, rainfall, and monsoon period discharge for a 14-yr time period (1986–99). It is found that interannual rainfall variability is low and is a weak predictor of monsoon discharge volumes. Strong evidence is found, however, that maximum spring snow cover in the upper Brahmaputra basin is a good predictor of the monsoon flood volume. Despite the temporal and spatial limitations of the data, this study’s analysis demonstrates the potential for developing an empirical tool for predicting large flood events that may allow an annual early window for mitigating flood damages in the lower Brahmaputra basin, home to 300 million people.

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Carvalho, Tiago P., Jéssica Espino, Emmanuel Máxime, et al. "Fishes from the Lower Urubamba river near Sepahua, Amazon Basin, Peru." Check List 7, no. 4 (2011): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.4.413.

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We report results of an ichthyological survey of the Lower Urubamba river, a tributary of the Ucayali river located in the southwestern portion of the Amazon Basin in southeastern Peru. Collections were made at low water (July, 2009) from 280 - 310 m elevation, near the town of Sepahua within the Fitzcarrald Arch, an upland associated with Pliocene (c. 4 Ma) uplift of the Peruvian Andes. This is the second of four planned expeditions to the region with the goal of comparing ichthyofaunas across the headwaters of the largest tributary basins in the western Amazon (Juruá, Ucayali, Purús and Madre de Dios). Twenty-one sites were sampled using seine nets, hook lines, cast nets and dip nets. A total of 98 species in 22 families and eight orders were captured and identified. The most diverse families are Characidae (40 spp.) and Loricariidae (20 spp.), and 12 families are represented by a single species. These data suggest that the fish fauna of the Lower Urubamba river near Sepahua is distinct from, and less diverse than, adjacent areas of lowland Amazonia.

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Ndon, J. A., S. M. Udo, and W. B. Wehrenberg. "Vibrio-associated gastroenteritis in the lower Cross-River Basin of Nigeria." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30, no. 10 (1992): 2730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.30.10.2730-2732.1992.

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Reba, M. L., J. H. Massey, M. A. Adviento-Borbe, et al. "Aquifer Depletion in the Lower Mississippi River Basin: Challenges and Solutions." Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 162, no. 1 (2017): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2017.03264.x.

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Pérez-Lapeña, Blanca, Francisco Saimone, and Dinis Juizo. "Mapping groundwater availability and adequacy in the Lower Zambezi River basin." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (May 29, 2018): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-37-2018.

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Abstract. Groundwater plays an important role as a source of water for various socio-economic uses and environmental requirements in the lower Zambezi basin in Mozambique. Hence it is important to know its availability and adequacy in space to inform decision making for sustainable water management practices. For a derivation of a Groundwater Availability map and a Groundwater Adequacy map we adapted the DRASTIC methodology in a GIS environment to determine how different parameters, such as precipitation, topography, soil drainage, land use and vegetation cover, aquifer characteristics and groundwater quality affect (i) groundwater recharge on a long-term sustainable basis, (ii) the short-term abstraction potential and (iii) the long-term adequacy of groundwater utilization for domestic use. Results showed that groundwater availability in the Zambezi basin varies mostly from medium to low, with highest potential along the perennial rivers and in the delta where it plays a crucial role in environmental preservation. The southern margin of the Zambezi River shows low groundwater availability and also presents low adequacy for domestic use due to poor groundwater quality. The results from this study will be used in determining the most promising future development pathways and select the most attractive strategic development plans of the Mozambican government for the Lower Zambezi basin.

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VIZCARRA, ANGELITO T., and K. VICTOR LO. "Nitrogen Balance in the Lower Fraser River Basin of British Columbia." Environmental Management 21, no. 2 (1997): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900026.

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Bastakoti, Ram C., Joyeeta Gupta, Mukand S. Babel, and Meine P. van Dijk. "Climate risks and adaptation strategies in the Lower Mekong River basin." Regional Environmental Change 14, no. 1 (2013): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0485-8.

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Rao, N. S., and P. Rajendra Prasad. "Phosphate pollution in the groundwater of lower Vamsadhara river basin, India." Environmental Geology 31, no. 1-2 (1997): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050170.

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Martin, Gill M., Nick J. Dunstone, Adam A. Scaife, and Philip E. Bett. "Predicting June Mean Rainfall in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Basin." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 37, no. 1 (2019): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-9051-8.

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Ogtrop, Floris Frederik, Arjen Y. Hoekstra, and Frank Meulen. "FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN THE LOWER INCOMATI RIVER BASIN, MOZAMBIQUE: TWO ALTERNATIVES." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41, no. 3 (2005): 607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03758.x.

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Vekhov, D. A. "Gibel carp Carassius auratus (Cyprinidae, Actinopterygii) in flowing water bodies of the Don River basin and the Lower Volga River basin." Biology Bulletin 43, no. 10 (2016): 1341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359016100204.

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Bancroft, Alyssa M., Frank R. Brunton та Mark A. Kleffner. "Silurian conodont biostratigraphy and carbon (δ13Ccarb) isotope stratigraphy of the Victor Mine (V-03-270-AH) core in the Moose River Basin". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, № 12 (2015): 1169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0091.

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The Moose River Basin in Ontario, Canada, contains nearly 1 km of Silurian marine strata, and although it has been studied for more than a century, its precise correlation globally has not been constrained. Herein, a core from the Victor Mine in the Moose River Basin was examined for conodont biostratigraphy and carbonate carbon (δ13Ccarb) isotope chemostratigraphy to provide a detailed chronostratigraphic framework for the Silurian strata (Severn River, Ekwan River, and Attawapiskat formations) in the Moose River Basin. The recovery of Aspelundia expansa, Aspelundia fluegeli fluegeli, Distomodus staurognathoides, Ozarkodina polinclinata estonica, Pterospathodus eopennatus, and Aulacognathus bullatus, as well as the lower Aeronian, upper Aeronian, lower Telychian (Valgu), and ascending limb of the Sheinwoodian (Ireviken) positive carbonate carbon (δ13Ccarb) isotope excursions provide significantly improved chronostratigraphic correlation of Llandovery strata in the Moose River Basin.

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Súarez, Yzel Rondon, Marcelo Maldonado de Souza, Fabiane Silva Ferreira, et al. "Patterns of species richness and composition of fish assemblages in streams of the Ivinhema River basin, Upper Paraná River." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 23, no. 2 (2011): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2011000200008.

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AIM: The present study analyzed the spatial variation in fish species richness and composition in streams of the Ivinhema River basin, Upper Paraná basin, determining the relationship between local and regional descriptors of the fish assemblage organization; METHOD: From 2001 to 2011 we sampled 200 stream stretches, using different sampling methods. Local species richness and composition were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods to detect patterns of variation in the fish assemblage organization; RESULTS: We identified 111 fish species in the streams, and estimated the occurrence of 117 fish species (CIα0.05 = 111 to 123) with lower species richness in headwater streams compared to the lower parts of the basin. The fish species recorded were predominantly of small size, and the mean size increased from the headwaters to the river mouth. The four most common species are widely distributed in the basin. However, 24 species are allocthonous to the Upper Paraná basin, and two species (Chaetobranchopsis australis and Apistogramma commbrae) are recorded here for the first time in the Upper Paraná basin. Altitude was the main determinant of local fish species richness and composition, and a discontinuity in assemblage organization (richness, composition, fish size) was detected at approximately 430 m a.s.l.; CONCLUSION: Streams of the Ivinhema River basin are inhabited mainly by small-sized fishes; and longitudinal variation, interacting with local characteristics, determines the fish assemblage patterns.

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