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Journal articles on the topic 'Lower Leg Impactor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Kikuchi, Yusuke, Koji Mizuno, Daisuke Nakane, and Shingo Wanami. "404 Pedestrian's lower leg protection examination method by legform impactor." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2011.60 (2011): _404–1_—_404–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2011.60._404-1_.

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2

YASUKI, Tsuyoshi. "An Analysis of Lower Leg Impactor Behavior by Physics Model." Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 3, no. 2 (2008): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jbse.3.151.

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3

Chen, Jin Hua, and Xiang Dong Huang. "Improve Lower Leg Impact Performance Considering Pedestrian Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 109 (October 2011): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.70.

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To improve the lower leg impact performance of the vehicle bumper in the collision of vehicle to pedestrian, the finite element (FE) model of a vehicle front structure was developed, and correlated with the test results. The lower legform impactor FE model was used to investigate the performance of the vehicle bumper at different structure conditions. It was finally determined that vehicle to lower legform impact performance can be improved by reducing the energy absorbing foam stiffness and modifying the bumper bracket structure to enlarge the collapse space.
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Wang, M. S., T. J. Huang, and C. H. Wu. "Design and Validation of a Structural Flexibility Pedestrian Lower Legform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.196.

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Nowadays automobiles are with good performance and comfortable; however, safety gradually becomes an issue because of high incidence of traffic accidents. Except for occupants injured in traffic accidents, other vulnerable road users, like pedestrians, are also in danger. Pedestrians make up 16% of all road traffic fatalities in the EU and over 30% in Japan, their percentage can exceed 50% in developing countries. In nonfatal car-pedestrian accidents, lower extremities are the most commonly injured body parts.EEVC proposed sub-system tests to evaluate responses and injuries of pedestrians in l
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Ptak, M., E. Rusiński, J. Karliński, and S. Dragan. "Evaluation of kinematics of SUV to pedestrian impact—Lower leg impactor and dummy approach." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 1 (2012): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2012.03.016.

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KAWABE, Yoshiko, Chinmoy PAL, and Tomosaburo OKABE. "J021022 Validation of the lower leg impactor (Flex-PLI) for pedestrian safety, compared with the human FEM." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _J021022–1—_J021022–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._j021022-1.

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7

Wang, Chun-Yan, Wei-Wei Wang, Wan-Zhong Zhao, Yu-Fang Li, and Guan Zhou. "Reliability optimization of a novel negative Poisson’s ratio forepart for pedestrian protection." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 17 (2017): 2998–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217730441.

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The bumper system always directly causes the injury of the pedestrian leg in the car–pedestrian accidents. Therefore, it is of practical significance to optimize the bumper structure to enhance the protective effect of the pedestrian leg. Based on the original bumper system, this work proposes a novel negative Poisson’s ratio energy-absorbing forepart with inner hexagonal cellular structure, which is designed at the lower leg impact zone between the bumper beam and the cover. The parametric model of the negative Poisson’s ratio forepart, the lower legform impactor model, and the car–pedestrian
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8

MO, FUHAO, PIERRE JEAN ARNOUX, CHUNYU KONG, CATHERINE MASSON, MICHEL MASSENZIO, and SYLVIE RONEL. "INVESTIGATION ON THE KNEE STIFFNESS UNDER THE LATERAL IMPACT FOR THE DESIGN OF PEDESTRIAN LEGFORM IMPACTOR." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 04 (2015): 1550060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415500608.

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The objective of the present study is to investigate the stiffness of the knee joint, in order to provide a basis for developing a biofidelic pedestrian legform impactor. A biofidelic lower limb model was employed to replicate structural responses of the human knee joint by finite element simulations. In the simulation, a single displacement was imposed on the thigh or leg, and constrained six freedoms of the other part. As a result, nonlinear load-displacement data were approximated by a linear regression to determine the stiffness. Considering knee joint kinematics under lateral car-pedestri
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Cazón-Martín, Aitor, Macarena Iturrizaga-Campelo, Luis Matey-Muñoz, María Isabel Rodríguez-Ferradas, Paz Morer-Camo, and Sergio Ausejo-Muñoz. "Design and manufacturing of shin pads with multi-material additive manufactured features for football players: A comparison with commercial shin pads." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (2018): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118811266.

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Shin pads are part of the mandatory equipment footballers must wear so as to prevent lesions. Most players wear commercially available shin pads made from a variety of common materials (polypropylene or polyethylene) and high-resistance materials (glass fibre, carbon fibre or Kevlar) using traditional manufacturing techniques. Additive manufacturing was used years ago to deliver customised rigid shin pads, but they did not offer any significant advantage in terms of materials or design compared to traditional shin pads. This project analyses a novel approach to the design and manufacture of sh
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10

Perry, Rachel A., Jake L. Martin, Samantha D. Vickers, et al. "Lower Leg Anatomical Correlates to Performance and Metabolism from Flywheel-based Exercise." Gravitational and Space Research 5, no. 1 (2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2017-0004.

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AbstractLower leg exercises are impacted by the anatomy of the triceps surae-Achilles tendon complex. Such exercises may utilize series elastic energy (SEE), temporarily stored within the Achilles tendon, to augment forces exerted by the triceps surae. While SEE's contribution to bipedal jumping and walking have been assessed, other lower leg exercises yet to receive similar scrutiny include seated calf presses done on flywheel-based hardware. Current subjects did two identical calf press workouts on a flywheel ergometer. The following three variables were obtained from workouts–the total work
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11

Potthast, Wolfgang, Gert-Peter Brüggemann, Arne Lundberg, and Anton Arndt. "The Influences of Impact Interface, Muscle Activity, and Knee Angle on Impact Forces and Tibial and Femoral Accelerations Occurring after External Impacts." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 1 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.1.1.

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The purpose of this study was to quantify relative contributions of impact interface, muscle activity, and knee angle to the magnitudes of tibial and femoral accelerations occurring after external impacts. Impacts were initiated with a pneumatically driven impacter under the heels of four volunteers. Impact forces were quantified with a force sensor. Segmental accelerations were measured with bone mounted accelerometers. Experimental interventions were hard and soft shock interfaces, different knee angles (0°, 20°, 40° knee flexion), and muscular preactivation (0%, 30%, 60% of maximal voluntar
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Kawasaki, Takayuki, Yasumasa Tanabe, Hiroshi Tanaka, et al. "Kinematics of Rugby Tackling: A Pilot Study With 3-dimensional Motion Analysis." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 10 (2018): 2514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518781808.

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Background: Although improper tackling technique in rugby can affect the outcome of the tackle and lead to head, neck, and shoulder injuries, the effects of the height of the tackle or the side of the leading leg at the time of impact have not been investigated. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to characterize the trunk orientation at impact during various tackles. It was hypothesized that 3-dimensional motion analysis would be able to capture the critical kinematic differences in the 4 types of tackles studied. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 66 tackles on a
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13

Pereira, Andreia, Cátia Teixeira, Karla Pereira, Leandro Ferreira, Maria Marques, and Anabela G. Silva. "Neural Mobilization Short-Term Dose Effect on the Lower-Limb Flexibility and Performance in Basketball Athletes: A Randomized, Parallel, and Single-Blinded Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 7 (2021): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0389.

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Context: Neural mobilization is commonly used in sports, and previous studies have suggested that it has a positive impact on lower-limb flexibility and performance. However, studies exploring the effect of neural mobilization dosage are almost nonexistent. Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether 2 distinct dosages of neural gliding mobilization (4 and 8 sets of 10 repetitions) impact the flexibility and performance of both the mobilized and nonmobilized lower limb in basketball athletes differently. Design: Randomized, parallel, and single-blinded study. Setting: Amateur and profession
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14

Tanachaichoksirikun, Pinit, and Uma Seeboonruang. "Distributions of Groundwater Age under Climate Change of Thailand’s Lower Chao Phraya Basin." Water 12, no. 12 (2020): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123474.

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Groundwater is important for daily life, because it is the largest freshwater source for domestic use and industrial consumption. Sustainable groundwater depends on many parameters: climate change is one factor, which leads to floods and droughts. Distribution of groundwater age indicates groundwater velocity, recharge rate and risk assessment. We developed transient 3D mathematical models, i.e., MODFLOW and MODPATH, to measure the distributions of groundwater age, impacted by climate change (IPSL-CM5A-MR), based on representative concentration pathways, defined in terms of atmospheric CO2 con
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15

Barbería, Elena, Tania Lucavechi, Dora Cárdenas, and Myriam Maroto. "An atypical Lingual Lesion Resulting from the Unhealthy Habit of Sucking the Lower Lip: Clinical Case Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 30, no. 4 (2006): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.30.4.p20272221365477w.

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Unhealthy oral habits may be involved in the etiology of a malocclusion, since they may affect development of the orofacial region. There is little information on the habit of sucking the lower lip, to which practitioners attribute less clinical consequences. However, lower lip sucking is a harmful habit which appears frequently in children, especially during situations requiring increased attention and mental concentration. In patients presenting lower lip sucking, strong contractions of the lower lip's orbicular's muscle and the mentalis muscle, associated with hypertonicity of the upper lip
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16

Liu, Rong, Terence T. Lao, Trevor J. Little, Xinbo Wu, and Xiao Ke. "Can heterogeneous compression textile design reshape skin pressures? A fundamental study." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 17 (2018): 1915–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518779254.

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Textile-based compression interventions (e.g. compression stockings and bandages), as an essential “source of pressure”, have impacted the effectiveness of pressure dosage delivery. The homogeneous structures of traditional compression shells generate highly uneven pressure distributions around leg geometrics in a passive mode, resulting in side effects and uncomfortable wearing perception. With this in mind, new heterogeneous compression sleeves with hybrid elastic properties were fabricated utilizing advanced three-dimensional seamless knitting technology and a unique laid-in structural desi
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17

Fajar Ikhsan, OK Mohammad, Rabiul Islam, Kamarul Azman Khamis, and Ariroza Sunjay. "Impact of digital economic liberalization and capitalization in the era of industrial revolution 4.0: case study in Indonesia." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (2020): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.24.

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The change of trends in the global industrial revolution has impacted various advances in the economic and industrial system until the realization of a liberalization system and capitalization of the global economy. This study aims to examine the impact of the liberalization and capitalization of the digital economy on the middle class, working class, and lower class societies in one of the developing countries in the Southeast Asian region, Indonesia. The methodology used in this study is a descriptive qualitative analysis approach, based on data obtained from official sources and literature
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18

Reyes Carrillo, Alejandra, Mario Roberto Martínez Menez, Erasmo Rubio Granados, Edmundo García Moya, and Adolfo A. Exebio García. "Impacto del sistema zanja bordo sobre la cobertura vegetal en pastizales de la región Mixteca, estado de Oaxaca." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, no. 3 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v37i3.327.

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In Mexico, the foraging-stock load in pastures is not regulated according to stocking rates, which are estimated in terms of coverage and productivity; this situation has led to the degradation of the vegetation coverage, the reduction of infiltration and water storage capacity in the soil, and the increase of surface runoffs and erosion, which affect the pasture productivity and biomass production, and promote the proliferation of plants with lower palatability and protein quality. Actions to endorse the conservation of soil and water have been implemented in order to mitigate grassland degra
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19

Lošťák, M., and H. Hudečková. "Preliminary impacts of LEADER+ approach in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 6 (2010): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/27/2010-agricecon.

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The paper outlines the backgrounds related to the necessity of searching for the new methods of assessing preliminary impacts of the rural development programmes. That is why the content analysis is tested in this paper for its possibilities to observe the preliminary impacts of one of the rural development tools – the Community initiative LEADER+ in the Czech Republic. The research pointed out that content analysis might be an appropriate method to define some impacts (and also the efficiency) of the LEADER+ approach. The results demonstrated that the transparency and public account
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20

Bedo, Bruno Luiz Souza, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Renato Moraes, et al. "Influence of Side Uncertainty on Knee Kinematics of Female Handball Athletes During Sidestep Cutting Maneuvers." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 3 (2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2020-0141.

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Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament ruptures generally occur during unanticipated sidestep cutting maneuvers when athletes have their visual attention focused on the opponent. The authors investigated the influence of uncertainty related to the side to perform the sidestep cutting maneuver on knee kinematics of female handball athletes. A total of 31 female handball athletes performed the sidestep cutting maneuver during anticipated and uncertain conditions. During the uncertain condition, visual cues indicated the direction of the reactive sidestep cutting maneuver. Between-condition differ
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21

YUE, SIYUAN, YANGTAI LIU, XIANG WANG, et al. "Modeling the Effects of the Preculture Temperature on the Lag Phase of Listeria monocytogenes at 25°C." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 12 (2019): 2100–2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-117.

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ABSTRACT In predictive microbiology, the study of the microbial lag phase, i.e., the time needed for bacteria to adapt to a new environment before multiplying, has received a great deal of attention in the research literature. The microbial lag phase is more difficult to estimate than the specific growth rate because the lag phase is impacted by the previous and actual growth environments. In this study, the growth of Listeria monocytogenes preincubated at 0, 5, 10, and 15°C and subsequently grown at 25°C was investigated at the single-cell and population levels. The population lag phase of L.
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22

Pytlik, Andrzej. "Process Characteristics Of Hydraulic Legs Equipped With Safety Valves At Dynamic Load Caused By A Mining Tremor." Archives of Mining Sciences 60, no. 2 (2015): 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2015-0039.

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Abstract The article presents process characteristics of hydraulic legs, a powered roof support and an individual roof support that are equipped with pressure relief valves and additional safety valves protecting the legs against dynamic loads caused by mining tremors. A two-telescopic hydraulic leg ϕ330 type was tested using dynamic pile testing, equipped with a valve bank with pressure relief valve and an additional safety valve. The tests included the following models of safety valves described in references (Gwiazda, 1997; Irresberger et al., 2008): – slide-piston with a roller spring, – s
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23

DeMatthews, David E., and David S. Knight. "Denying Special Education to Students in Need: A Case of Accountability, Compliance, and Fear in a Texas Elementary School." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 22, no. 1 (2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458918786988.

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Accountability policies have impacted school leadership practices both positively and negatively. In Texas, the adoption of a special education accountability policy led many schools and districts to delay or denial of special education to eligible students. This article includes an undisguised case describing the Texas Education Agency’s district performance indicator that influenced districts to lower the percentage of students provided with special education. This case provides the context for a fictional scenario of a newly hired elementary school principal who is pressured to maintain low
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24

Howell, S. N., S. E. Robinson, and G. S. Griesbach. "1139 Sleep Disturbances In Chronic Stroke Patients: Emotional And Cognitive Impact." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A433—A434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1133.

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Abstract Introduction The objective was to investigate the impact of sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) on cognition and quality of life in the post-acute phase of stroke. Methods Adult stroke (n=92) patients were assessed for SWD via overnight polysomnography. The mean age was 52 ± 1 years and mean latency from injury was 117 ± 10 days. Sleep measures included total sleep time (TST), sleep and REM latency, percent time in sleep stages, apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and arousal index. The primary cognitive/outcome measures were: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Cal
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25

S. D. Khaled, Amgad, Khaled (M.K) Ismail Alshaketheep, Mosab I. Tabash, Mohammad Azmi Khan, and Mohammad Ahmad Al-Omari. "Impact of COVID-19 on unorganized Indian retail markets." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 3 (2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(3).2021.08.

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As informal workers struggle to survive the current crisis, there is reason to believe that more strain would also be exerted on the already fragile sector in the post-crisis era. The implications of the COVID-19 outbreak for the informal economy will continue. Faced with a long crisis, the global economy would likely shrink demand for informal goods and services. The primary goal of this paper is to study consumer behavior during the pandemic, investigate government-implemented Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the unorganized retail sector, and determine if consumers prefer to have go
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26

Zuchuat, Valentin, Arve R. N. Sleveland, Douglas A. Sprinkel, Algirdas Rimkus, Alvar Braathen, and Ivar Midtkandal. "New Insights on the Impact of Tidal Currents on a Low-gradient, Semi-enclosed, Epicontinental Basin—the Curtis Formation, East-central Utah, USA." Geology of the Intermountain West 5 (July 31, 2018): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v5i0.24.

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Based on a methodic sedimentological analysis, the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) Curtis Formation unravels the intricate facies variability which occurs in a tide-dominated, fluvially starved, low-gradient, semi-enclosed epicontinental basin. This unit crops out in east-central Utah, between the eolian deposits of the underlying Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Entrada Sandstone, from which it is separated by the J-3 unconformity, and the conformable overlying supratidal Summerville Formation of Oxfordian age. A high-resolution sedimentary analysis of the succession led to the recognition of eight faci
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27

Pahl, James W., Irving A. Mendelssohn, and Thomas J. Hess. "THE APPLICATION OF IN-SITU BURNING TO A LOUISIANA COASTAL MARSH FOLLOWING A HYDROCARBON PRODUCT SPILL: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SITE RECOVERY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (1997): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-823.

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ABSTRACT The high degree of physical disturbance associated with conventional responses to oil spills in wetlands is driving the search for alternative cleanup methodologies. In March 1995, in southwestern Louisiana, a spill of gas condensate product into a brackish marsh at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge was removed by in-situ burning. A monitoring program was established to examine the recovery of the marsh site. Three treatments were examined: (1) condensate-impacted and burned, (2) condensate-impacted and unburned, and (3) a reference that was neither exposed to the condensate nor burned. In
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28

Loughenbury, Peter R., Rebecca A. Gledhill, and Nick Evans. "Tibiofibula Transposition in High-Energy Fractures." Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6718679.

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We report two cases of failed attempts at closed reduction of high-energy tibial fractures with an associated fibula fracture. The first case was a 39-year-old male involved in high-speed motorbike collision, while the second was a 14-year-old male who injured his leg following a fall of three metres. Emergency medical services at the scenes of the accidents reported a 90-degree valgus deformity of the injured limb and both limbs were realigned on scene and stabilized. Adequate alignment of the tibia could not be achieved by manipulation under sedation or anaesthesia. Open reduction and exposu
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29

XW, Chen, Liang AZ, Jia SX, Zhang XP, and Wei SC. "Impact of tillage on physical characteristics in a Mollisol of Northeast China." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 7 (2014): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/245/2014-pse.

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Soil management is aimed at the maintenance of optimal soil physical quality for crop production. In order to explore the effects of tillage practices on soil physical properties, a study was conducted to compare the effects of no tillage (NT), moldboard plow (MP) and ridge tillage (RT) on soil bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (SPR), soil water content (SWC), soil macroporosity (MAC) and soil air-filled porosity (AFP) in Northeast China. Results showed that both NT and RT led to significant BD increment than MP at 0–20 cm (P < 0.05). Compared with MP, NT and RT i
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30

Peter, William H., G. Y. Wang, Peter K. Liaw, et al. "Variability in Fatigue Behavior of a Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) as a Result of Average Surface Roughness and Pronounced Surface Defects." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.217.

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Recent interest in bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) has led to the development of amorphous alloys designed for structural applications in various fields as aircraft frames, rotating equipment, automobiles, and medical implants. Although the mechanical behavior of BMGs is being studied extensively, little attention has been paid to their fatigue behavior. Moreover, early fatigue characteristics have exhibited contradictory results. In the current research, uniaxial tension-tension fatigue experiments were performed on notched Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 button-head fatigue specimens with various sur
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31

Yu, Jianbin, and Neal H. Hooker. "Exploring relationships among recall effectiveness indicators in the US meat and poultry industry." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 1 (2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0026.

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Food recalls need to balance speed and completeness, consumer and firm interests and thus meet managerial and social goals. Effective recalls play a vital role in protecting public health and reducing economic consequences. This paper develops a simultaneous equation model to explore the relationships among three effectiveness indicators; discovery time, completion time and recovery rate. A three-stage least square estimator is applied to control for endogeneity among these indicators. The results suggest that higher recovery rates are associated with shorter discovery times. Longer discovery
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32

Kingsley, Bethan C., and Nancy Spencer-Cavaliere. "The Exclusionary Practices of Youth Sport." Social Inclusion 3, no. 3 (2015): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i3.136.

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Youth who live with lower incomes are known to experience social exclusion in a range of social settings, including sport. Despite efforts to reduce financial constraints to participation, increasing opportunities in these ways has not led to increased involvement. There is a need to move beyond a discussion about barriers and explore the quality of young people’s engagement within sport. The present study consequently sought to understand the sport involvement of young people living with lower incomes. Interpretive description informed the analysis of transcripts generated from interviews wit
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33

Ulmer-Yaniv, A., A. Djalovski, K. Yirmiya, G. Halevi, O. Zagoory-Sharon, and R. Feldman. "Maternal immune and affiliative biomarkers and sensitive parenting mediate the effects of chronic early trauma on child anxiety." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 6 (2017): 1020–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717002550.

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BackgroundChronic early trauma alters children's stress reactivity and increases the prevalence of anxiety disorders; yet the neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms underpinning this effect are not fully clear. Animal studies indicate that the mother's physiology and behavior mediate offspring stress in a system-specific manner, but few studies tested this external-regulatory maternal role in human children exposed to chronic stress.MethodsWe followed a unique cohort of children exposed to continuous wartime trauma (N= 177; exposed;N= 101, controls;N= 76). At 10 years, maternal and child's saliv
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Tran, Thu Van, Farhana Abedin, Aybala Usta, and Ramazan Asmatulu. "Polyurethane nanocomposite coating with silanized graphene and hexagonal boron nitride as nanoadditives for improved resistance against ultraviolet degradation." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 10 (2018): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318799402.

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Polyurethane coatings modified with silanized graphene and/or hexagonal boron nitride as nanoadditives were synthesized, characterized, and tested for ultraviolet degradation and hydrophobicity. These coatings containing various weight percentages (wt%) of nanoadditives were prepared and investigated. The coating composition was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The silanization of nanoadditives was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the nanocomposite coatings were determined using differential scanning calorim
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Morris, Justin, Gary Main, Renee Threlfall, and Keith Striegler. "Initial Response of ‘Concord’ and ‘Sunbelt’ Grapes to Pruning and Fruit Thinning." HortTechnology 19, no. 2 (2009): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.2.368.

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Balanced, dormant hand pruning was compared with minimal and machine box-cut pruning with no fruit thinning, thinning at 27 to 45 days postbloom, or thinning at veraison on Vitis labruscana grape cultivars, Concord and Sunbelt. Weekly berry weights measured during the growing season showed that minimally pruned ‘Concord’ and ‘Sunbelt’ generally had lower berry weights than hand-pruned vines. Lag phase occurred 50 ± 7 days postbloom in ‘Concord’ and 58 ± 7 days postbloom in ‘Sunbelt’. The duration of harvest period was longer for ‘Concord’ than ‘Sunbelt’, and minimally pruned vines without thin
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Leal, Jenine R., Steven J. Heitman, John M. Conly, Elizabeth A. Henderson, and Braden J. Manns. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Use of Probiotics for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea in a Provincial Healthcare System." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 9 (2016): 1079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.134.

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OBJECTIVETo conduct a full economic evaluation assessing the costs and consequences related to probiotic use for the primary prevention of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD).DESIGNCost-effectiveness analysis using decision analytic modeling.METHODSA cost-effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate the risk of CDAD and the costs of receiving oral probiotics versus not over a time horizon of 30 days. The target population modeled was all adult inpatients receiving any therapeutic course of antibiotics from a publicly funded healthcare system perspective. Effectiveness estimates wer
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37

Rémy, S., A. Benedetti, A. Bozzo, et al. "Feedbacks of dust and boundary layer meteorology during a dust storm in the eastern Mediterranean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 22 (2015): 12909–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12909-2015.

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Abstract. Aerosols affect the atmosphere through direct interaction with short-wave and long-wave radiation and the microphysical properties of clouds. In this paper we report in detail on several mechanisms by which the short-term impact of dust on surface radiative fluxes can affect the dust loading of the atmosphere via modification of boundary-layer meteorology. This in turn affects the aerosol radiative forcing itself. Examples of these feedbacks between dust and boundary layer meteorology were observed during a series of dust storms in the Sahara and the eastern Mediterranean in April 20
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38

Deelstra, J., U. S. Nagothu, K. R. Kakumanu, Y. R. Kaluvai, and S. R. Kallam. "Enhancing water productivity using alternative rice growing practices: a case study from Southern India." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 5 (2018): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000655.

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AbstractSaving water in irrigated agriculture is a high priority in areas with scarce water resources and impacted by climate change. This paper presents results of measurements on water productivity (WP) under alternative rice growing practices such as alternating wetting and drying, direct seeded rice, modified systems of rice intensification and conventional paddy rice (NI) in two selected districts (Guntur in Andhra Pradesh and Nalgonda in Telangana, India). Under alternative practices, the yields varied from 5.72 to 6.11 t/ha compared with 4.71 t/ha under paddy rice. The average water app
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Hooper-Bui, Linda M., Nancy N. Rabalais, Annette S. Engel, et al. "Overview of Research into the Coastal Effects of the Macondo Blowout from the Coastal Waters Consortium: A GoMRI Consortium." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 604–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.604.

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ABSTRACT The Coastal Waters Consortium (CWC) led by Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium is one of eight Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative research consortia. The CWC focuses on: oil transport and fate, chemical evolution and biological degradation, and environmental effects.The following is an overview of a portion of the research conducted within the consortium. The consortium works in a system that was impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil disaster and additionally impacted by freshwater diversions resulting in changes in salinity, tropical storms, and hurricanes. First, we conducted m
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Fjelldal, Mari Aas, Jonathan Wright, and Clare Stawski. "Nightly torpor use in response to weather conditions and individual state in an insectivorous bat." Oecologia 197, no. 1 (2021): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05022-6.

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AbstractTorpor is a well-known energy conservation strategy in many mammal and bird species. It is often employed when environmental conditions are unfavourable to maximize survival probabilities. However, torpor often carries with it the physiological costs of a low body temperature and of rewarming in addition to potential missed opportunities for foraging. Therefore, we hypothesised that decision making regarding when to use torpor should reflect the most important environmental conditions for species distributions, and thus how they may be impacted by ongoing climate change. We investigate
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41

Minaudo, C., M. Meybeck, F. Moatar, N. Gassama, and F. Curie. "Eutrophication mitigation in rivers: 30 years of trends in spatial and seasonal patterns of biogeochemistry of the Loire River (1980–2012)." Biogeosciences 12, no. 8 (2015): 2549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2549-2015.

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Abstract. Trends and seasonality analysis from 1980 onward and longitudinal distribution, from headwaters to estuary, of chlorophyll a, nitrate and phosphate were investigated in the eutrophic Loire River. The continuous decline of phosphate concentrations which has been recorded since 1991 both in the main river and in the tributaries has led to the conclusion that it was responsible for the significant reduction in phytoplanktonic biomass across the whole river system, although Corbicula spp. clams invaded the river during the same period and probably played a significant role in the phytopl
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Pinello, Dario, Jennifer Gee, Paolo Accadia, et al. "Efficiency of shallow- and deep-water trawling in the Mediterranean and its implications for discard reduction." Scientia Marina 82, S1 (2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04749.22a.

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The Mazara del Vallo fleet is one of the main fleets of large trawlers in the Mediterranean. Traditionally, the two main fishing strategies adopted by the fleet can be summarized as follows: pesca a fresco (250 m), mainly targeting deep-water shrimp sold frozen. The second fishing strategy has become increasingly important over the last decade. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the choice of targeting deep-water shrimp impacted the level of technical and scale efficiency for the fleet assessed through an input-oriented data envelopment analysis. The analysis was based on data
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Faught, Erin, Helio B. Santos, and Mathilakath M. Vijayan. "Loss of the glucocorticoid receptor causes accelerated ovarian ageing in zebrafish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1940 (2020): 20202190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2190.

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Reproductive decline in mid-adult females is an established phenotype of the ageing process. Stress and the rise in glucocorticoids (GCs) accelerate reproductive ageing, but little is known about the mechanisms involved. During stress, GCs activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ubiquitously expressed, ligand-bound transcription factor, to elicit physiological changes for restoring homeostasis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GC-GR signalling is essential for accelerating reproductive ageing. To test this, we used a ubiquitous GR knockout (GRKO) zebrafish, which is inherently hypercor
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Eliades, Apostolos N., Kalliopi H. Manta, and Anastasios T. Tsirlis. "Neurovascular Content of the Mandibular Canal and Its Clinical Relevance: A Literature Review of the Related Anatomical and Radiological Studies." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 3 (2014): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0020.

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SUMMARYIn literature, anatomical variations of the inferior alveolar nerve branches (infratemporal, extraosseous and intraosseous) are reported and their importance in clinical practice is discussed too. The spatial vessels’ position in relationship with the nerve in the mandibular canal was explored, which is of clinical significance in impacted third molar and implant surgery. It is believed that the neurovascular content of the main mandibular canal follows any variations of the mandibular canal i.e. bifid mandibular, retromolar and accessory mental canals. Retrospective studies and case re
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Karapetyan, Lilit, Heather Laird-Fick, and Reuben Cuison. "Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer Presenting Clinically with Esophageal Dysphagia." Case Reports in Oncological Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7065674.

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Background. Intra-abdominal metastases of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC) may be insidious. We report a case of metastatic ILBC that presented with dysphagia within weeks of a negative mammogram and before the development of intra-abdominal symptoms. Case. A 70-year-old female developed esophageal dysphagia. She underwent EGD which showed a short segment of stricture of the distal esophagus without significant mucosal changes. Biopsy was unremarkable and patient underwent lower esophageal sphincter (LES) dilation. Severe progressive dysphagia led to esophageal impaction and three LES dil
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Phillips, Nathan, Andrew Reynolds, and Frederick Di Profio. "Nonstructural Carbohydrate Concentrations in Dormant Grapevine Scionwood and Rootstock Impact Propagation Success and Vine Growth." HortTechnology 25, no. 4 (2015): 536–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.4.536.

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Objectives of this study were to quantify starch and soluble sugar concentrations in wine grape (Vitis sp.) scionwood and rootstock material, and to examine relationships between carbohydrate (CHO) metrics and both grafting success and shoot growth. CHOs of three wine grape scionwood cultivars [Merlot and Riesling (Vitis vinifera) and Vidal blanc (Vitis sp.)] harvested from four separate vineyards in the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario were analyzed for starch, total CHOs, total sugars, sucrose, monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), and oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose) to determine if CHO d
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Rosario, Rodrigo, Reina Engle-Stone, Marjorie Haskell, et al. "Reduced Plasma Lipid Mediators Are Directly Associated with Low Vitamin A Status in Women from Western Samar, Philippines." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa041_031.

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Abstract Objectives Vitamin A (VA) is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in many biological processes, including growth, vision, immunity and reproduction. While evidence has been established to support these mechanisms, new studies suggest there may be more signaling compounds that are impacted by VA status. Lipid mediators, such as oxylipins and lysophospholipids, are signaling compounds that, in response to biological stimuli, exhibit regulatory effects on inflammation, immune function, vascular tone, and other systems. The objective was to investigate differences in lipid med
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Neiman, Paul J., F. Martin Ralph, Benjamin J. Moore, et al. "The Landfall and Inland Penetration of a Flood-Producing Atmospheric River in Arizona. Part I: Observed Synoptic-Scale, Orographic, and Hydrometeorological Characteristics." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 2 (2013): 460–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0101.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a dominant mechanism for generating intense wintertime precipitation along the U.S. West Coast. While studies over the past 10 years have explored the impact of ARs in, and west of, California’s Sierra Nevada and the Pacific Northwest’s Cascade Mountains, their influence on the weather across the intermountain west remains an open question. This study utilizes gridded atmospheric datasets, satellite imagery, rawinsonde soundings, a 449-MHz wind profiler and global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and operational hydrometeorological observing networks to
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49

Prior, Steven J., Stephen M. Roth, Xiaojing Wang, et al. "Genetic and environmental influences on skeletal muscle phenotypes as a function of age and sex in large, multigenerational families of African heritage." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 4 (2007): 1121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00120.2007.

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The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of and environmental contributions to skeletal muscle phenotypes (appendicular lean mass and calf muscle cross-sectional area) in subjects of African descent and to determine whether heritability estimates are impacted by sex or age. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography in 444 men and women aged 18 yr and older (mean: 43 yr) from eight large, multigenerational Afro-Caribbean families (family size range: 21–112). Using quantitative genetic methods, we estimated heritability and the associ
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50

Yang, Guoying, Hongting Ji, Hongjiang Liu, et al. "Nitrogen fertilizer reduction in combination with Azolla cover for reducing ammonia volatilization and improving nitrogen use efficiency of rice." PeerJ 9 (March 16, 2021): e11077. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11077.

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Background Excessive nitrogen (N) application rate with low N use efficiency (NUE) caused a considerable amount of N losses, especially ammonia volatilization (AV). Proper N fertilizer reduction (RN) could significantly reduce AV. However, continuous RN led to a nutrient deficiency in the soil and therefore negatively impacted the NUE and rice yield. Paddy Azolla, a good green manure, is considered as a promising measure to decrease AV and improve NUE and grain yield of rice. However, there is limited information on the integrated effects of RN and Azolla cover on the AV, NUE, and rice yield,
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