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1
Zhang, Hongyan. "Ecological modeling of the lower trophic levels of Lake Erie." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1163785412.
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Wilkerson, Carissa N. "Analysis of Extreme Water Levels in the Lower Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617934.
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In order to better understand storm tides in the Lower Chesapeake Bay, water levels during eleven storms at eight stations were analyzed using several methods. Storm tide was separated into individual components: predicted tide, storm surge, and local anomaly. These components were quantified and then analyzed for spatial trends. Trends were verified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The predicted tide and the storm surge each exhibited spatial variability, while the anomaly was spatially uniform. Anomaly values varied from storm to storm, ranging from 0.01m to 0.3m.
Potential water levels were determined for each storm by applying a time-shift to match the minimum or maximum predicted tide with the maximum storm surge and the anomaly. In many cases if the maximum observed level had occurred at high tide, the potential observed could have been as much as 0.5m larger than actually experienced. If the maximum observed level had occurred at low tide, the potential observed level could have been as much as 0.8m lower. Thirteen-year potential maximum results indicate that this potential maximum has not been reached at any station. Stations are between 0.3m and 0.5m away from their thirteen-year potential maximum.
Maximum storm tide values were assessed relative to both mean lower low water (MLLW) and highest astronomical tide (HAT). HAT was determined to be a better metric for storm impact than MLLW. Integrated intensity, or area under the storm tide curve relative to HAT, is a metric that combines storm duration with the height above HAT. Integrated intensity values were generally higher during extratropical storms than during tropical storms due to the long duration of these storms.
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Barnet, Joseph, Rebecca Kinsler, Amanda Trent, Emily Joyner, and Andrea Clements. "Surrender to God Predicts Lower Levels of Substance Use Addiction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/85.
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Religiousness has been shown to have an inverse relationship with at least some types of addiction. The present study examined whether intrinsic religiousness predicts substance addiction in a sample of participants that included mostly undergraduate students from the Appalachian region, as well as some participants surveyed with the use of social media advertisements. Intrinsic religiousness has been defined as internalizing the tenets of one’s faith. Participants self-reported their religiousness using the Religious Surrender and Attendance Scale – 3 (RSAS-3), which has been shown to measure intrinsic religiousness. Substance use was measured by the TCU Drug Screen V (TCUDS). Religiousness, as measured by the RSAS-3, predicted lower levels of substance use addiction as measured by the TCUDS both continuously and dichotomized: X2 (1, N=517) =8.296, p=.004. The odds ratio for the model was 3.724 95% CI [1.305, 10.625] meaning that the odds of being addicted to a substance was 3.724 times more likely for someone who did not meet the threshold for being high in religious commitment than for someone who did. The present study extends findings regarding religiousness and addiction but further research should be done to analyze different theological traditions and their relationship with health outcomes.
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Noyes, Thomas Kelly. "Nutrient levels and biostimulation in the lower Colorado River/reservoir system." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_104_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Fabijanska, Anna, Jacek Smurzynski, Krzysztof Kochanek, Adam Pilka, and Henryk Skarzynski. "Ultra-high Frequency (UHF) Hearing and DPOAE Levels at Lower Frequencies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2196.
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Persio, Andrew Franklin. "Assessment of changes in the water-surface profile of the lower canyon of the Little Colorado River, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0124_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Walker, Scott. "Does Cultural Heterogeneity Lead to Lower Levels of Regime Respect for Basic Human Rights?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3303/.
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This dissertation is a cross-national investigation of the relationship between cultural heterogeneity and regimes' respect for basic human rights. The quantitative human rights literature has not yet addressed the question of whether high levels of cultural diversity are beneficial or harmful. My research addresses this gap. I address the debate between those who argue that diversity is negatively related to basic human rights protection and those who argue it is likely to improve respect for these rights. Ultimately, I propose that regimes in diverse countries will be less likely to provide an adequate level of subsistence (otherwise known as basic human needs) and security rights (also known as integrity of the person rights) to their citizens than regimes in more homogeneous countries. Using a data set of 106 non-OECD countries for the years 1983 and 1993, I employ bivariate, linear multivariate regression, and causal modeling techniques to test whether higher levels of ethnolinguistic and religious diversity are associated with less regime respect for subsistence and security rights. The analysis reveals that higher levels of cultural diversity do appear to lead to lower respect for subsistence rights. However, counter to the hypothesized relationship, high levels of diversity appear to be compatible with high levels of respect for security rights.
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Parsons, Amanda. "Can you hear me now? do those nations answering "yes" experience lower levels of poverty? /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4172.
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Williamson, Jon W. (Jon Whitney). "Cardiorespiratory Responses to Graded Levels of Lower-body Positive Pressure During Dynamic Exercise in Man." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278178/.
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Cardiorespiratory responses to incremental dynamic exercise were assessed across four different levels of lower-body positive pressure (LBPP) and, as a separate study, during constant load (i.e constant work rate) exercise below and above each subject's ventilatory threshold (VT), both with and without 45 torr of LBPP.
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Artiola, Janick F., and Sarah T. Wilkinson. "How to Lower the Levels of Arsenic in Well Water: What Choices do Arizona Consumers Have?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347243.
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10 pp.Arsenic levels are often above drinking water standards in Arizona groundwater, at levels that may affect health. Private well owners are responsible for testing and treating they own water. This publication gives an overview of arsenic well water and discusses home water treatment options, including detailed descriptions of distillation, reverse osmosis, and iron filters to lower arsenic and other common water constituents in drinking water.
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Hamilton, Peta, and res cand@acu edu au. "Influences of Motivational Orientation on Academic Achievement within the Context of Lower and Upper Primary Year Levels." Australian Catholic University. School of Education, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp207.11082009.
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Many researchers have completed a range of studies to evaluate the relationship of intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation, particularly on how it influences on a student's academic achievement. This study expanded on these studies by examining the relationship of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation within the context of lower and upper primary school classrooms. One issue that has received minimal attention is the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and academic achievement in young students. In order to examine this relationship, students completed a motivation questionnaire (Academic Motivation Scale), as well as a Standardised Academic Test (State-wide Government Year 3 & 7 Tests). Correlational analysis identified the relationship between these constructs and was used to examine the connection between students' gender and motivational orientation. It was hypothesised that students operating from the intrinsic motivation perspective, are more likely to be high achievers within their year level. It was furthermore hypothesised that students in the lower year level would show higher levels of intrinsic motivation and as students progressed through primary school intrinsic motivation levels would decline while extrinsic motivation would increase. The results of this research study concluded that high academic achievers operated with high levels of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The study also discovered that there is a decline in both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as students progre§s through their primary education.
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Owen, Peter. "A comparison of nutrient levels in the Lower Murray, Coorong and Upper South East of South Australia /." Title page, abstract and contents, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09aro968.pdf.
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Bryant, Elizabeth. "The effect of retirement on lower limb strength, joint range of motion, balance performance and physical activity levels." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2005. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e9cccbd6-add3-4d69-be05-f6df9b7125df.
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Retirement is considered a critical stage of life with profound changes in an individual’s life and lifestyle. With increased life expectancy, an individual could spend a third of his/her lifetime in retirement. It is in this period that falls start to become commonplace and they have been linked to lower limb muscle weakness, reduced joint range of motion, and balance instability. The objective of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether the sudden life changes that occur at retirement are reflected in changes in lower limb strength, joint range of motion, balance performance and physical activity levels. Following a series of pilot studies, ninety-seven healthy individuals aged 50 – 67 years (mean ± [SD] 59.6 [3.9] years) consented to participate in the study (44 males, 53 females). Two groups were established: a retirement group (due to retire imminently), and a control group (at least 12 months away from retirement). Assessments of lower limb strength, joint range of motion, balance performance and physical activity levels within the workplace and household, leisure and sporting activities were undertaken at baseline (one week pre-retirement for the retirement group) and repeated six and twelve months later. The t-Test for independent samples was used to analyse the difference between the groups’ mean values at baseline. No significant differences were found between the retirement group and the control group for the measurement variables (P > 0.05). Correlations were found between balance performance, peak torque and joint range of motion measurements. One third of the participants in both the retirement and control groups were sedentary, and the average lower limb strength values were lower than expected for this age group. Repeat assessments were undertaken six and twelve months post baseline measurements. A mixed design factorial ANOVA test was used to investigate any differences between visits for the groups. Significant differences between the retirement and control group were only observed in the reported physical activity levels for household, leisure and sporting activities (P < 0.01), as the activity level of the control group remained stable, whilst the activity level of the retirement group increased. It would appear that in the twelve months following retirement there is no measurable effect on lower limb strength, joint range of motion or balance performance. This may be due to the significant increase in physical activity levels post retirement, which may have compensated for the loss of physical activity undertaken within the workplace.
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Sarkate, Pradeep Samadhan. "Quantitative Analysis for Measuring Lower Levels of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Wheat and Barley Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31882.
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This project involved the application of Quadrupole Time of Flight (QTOF) technology in quantitating the low concentrations of multiple Fusarium mycotoxins in barley and wheat, also focused on simplified sample extraction protocols such as ‘dilute and shoot.’ Ground samples of wheat and barley were extracted with acetonitrile-water-acetic acid solution (70:29:1 v/v/v). The quantitation was performed using a post spiking matrix-matched calibration curve approach. The method was linear over the range of 1.56 – 100 μg/kg for the toxins deoxynivalenol (DON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), nivalenol (NIV), Neosolaniol (NEO), T2, and HT2 toxin. Zearalenone (ZEA). The recovery of the 11 mycotoxins in wheat and barley matrices at two levels were within 60 - 130.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the replicate sample assay fell within 5 to 40%. Overall, this method was successfully validated for all the Fusarium toxins.
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Burr, Peter William. "The financial costs of delivering rural water and sanitation services in lower-income countries." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9312.
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Despite the impressive progress over the last two decades in which millions of people worldwide have gained first time access to improved water and sanitation infrastructure, the reality for many is that shortly after infrastructure construction the actual service received by users slips back to unacceptably low levels. However, due to inadequate research and inconsistencies with how data and cost data has been collected and reported, very little is known of the necessary levels of expenditure required to sustain an acceptable (so called “basic”) water and sanitation service and this inhibits effective financial planning for households, communities, governments and donors alike. This thesis sought to provide a better understanding of what has historically been spent to provide different levels of water and sanitation services as a means to better understand the necessary expenditure required. Empirical findings are based on a large data sample of nearly 2,000 water points, over 4,000 latrines, and over 12,000 household surveys, which have been collected as part of three research projects (WASHCost, Triple-S, and WASHCost Sierra Leone), across five country research areas (Andhra Pradesh (India), Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique, and Sierra Leone). Findings for water supply systems show that the combination of high capital investments of: $19 and $69 per person for community point sources and $33 – $216 per person for piped systems; and low recurrent expenditures of: $0.06 - $0.37 per person per year for point sources and $0.58 - $7.87 per person per year for piped systems; results in less than half of users receiving a “basic” level of service. Evidence based estimates of the required expenditure for acceptable services are found to be far greater than the “effective demand” expressed in terms of the willingness to pay of service users and national government for these services. Findings for sanitation show that constructing a household latrine that achieves “basic” service standards requires a financial investment of at least $40 that is likely to be an unaffordable barrier for many households in lower income countries. In addition the costs and affordability of periodic pit emptying remains a concern. Ultimately this research suggests that if international standard of improved water and sanitation services are to be sustained in rural areas, the international sector will likely have to provide additional investments to meet a significant proportion of the recurrent costs of delivering these services.
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Gould, Robert A. "The use of multiple measures, repeated feedback, goal setting, shaping, and nutrition education to lower serum cholesterol levels in males." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45978.
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Although the association between elevated serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk has been known for many years, few studies, with freely living individuals have used a full complirnent of intervention strategies to attempt to alter practices associated with elevated serum cholesterol. Two studies, (Study 1, n=4; Study 2, n=8) with 12 middle age men (mean age = 47.3 years) and with elevated serum cholesterol (x= 238.7 mg/dl) are presented that use multiple measures of serum cholesterol (using the Boehringer Mannheim Reflotron and finger stick technique). The main intervention strategies included a combination of procedures using education, frequent serum cholesterol feedback (two to three times per week), and specific dietary feedback (one to two times per week). A less intensive intervention that is similar to recent studies in the literature was also implemented and assessed for half the subjects in Study The results of the two studies indicated that within approximately 14 weeks, the combination of enhanced procedures reduced serum cholesterol by about 14%, or about double that found in prior studies. The less intensive intervention showed reductions of 9.1% The use of multiple measures also allowed for the study of intraindividual variability. issues pertaining to maintenance of effect, cost-effectiveness, and generalizability are also discussed.
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Chien, Tzu-Hsiang. "Mental Contrasting as a Technique to Lower Learners' Levels of Anxiety when Completing Communicative Tasks in a Chinese Beginning Classroom." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8454.
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Learning a foreign language is stressful. If learners are anxious, they might be less confident and less willing to communicate (MacIntyre, Dörnyei, Clément, & Noels, 1998). Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) are widely used in the field of personal health, career pursuit among others. I introduce mental contrasting techniques to Chinese teaching and learning to see if MCII help learners lower their anxiety level. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale is implemented to test participants’ self-perceived anxiety. Participants’ cortisol in saliva serve as a manifestation of participants’ anxiety (i.e., stress) levels and as a measure of the changes of their anxiety levels. The results show that MCII can effectively lower participants’ speaking anxiety. Qualitative data also show that participants consider MCII helpful with Chinese learning and lowering anxiety levels.
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Benoit, Philippe. "Modeling of dissolved oxygen levels in the bottom waters of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary : coupling of benthic and pelagic processes." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81598.
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Recent measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) along the Laurentian Trough revealed the presence of hypoxic waters in the bottom 50 meters of the water column of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE). In addition to the change in the oceanic regime on the continental shelf at the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence proposed by others, a large sediment oxygen demand along the LSLE though to contribute to this DO depletion. To verify the latter hypothesis, I developed a laterally integrated, two-dimensional model of the DO distribution for the bottom waters of the Laurentian Trough. The fluid transport is parameterized in a simple advection-diffusion finite-element grid where the sedimentation of organic matter feeds the mineralization processes that lead to O2 depletion in the deep waters. Using realistic parameters obtained from field data, the diagenetic model reproduces the measured sediment oxygen demands (SODs) along the Gulf of St. Lawrence portion of the trough but overestimates them in the lower estuary. Since our modeled estuary DO levels are comparable to the measured DO values when a large SOD is applied, we suggest that the oxygen fluxes, calculated from the DO gradients measured with micro-electrodes across the sediment-water interface of cores recovered in the LSLE, are underestimated.
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Loiselle, Catherine. "Higher levels of self-reported quality of student life predict a lower risk for high school dropout among seventh-grade students." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114547.
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High school dropout is a national concern, which often leads to long-term adverse consequences. For example, students who drop out of high school are more likely than those with higher levels of educational attainment to be living in poverty, to be in need of public assistance, and to be incarcerated. Most research focuses on individual and contextual (unalterable) factors associated with dropout instead of focusing on factors that are more responsive to change such as the quality of student life (QOSL). The purpose of this study was to better understand how quality of student life, as measured by four sub-scales of a QOSL questionnaire (i.e., satisfaction, well-being, social belonging & empowerment/control), may predict risk for high school dropout. More specifically, this study assessed risk for dropout and QOSL in 34 students in 7th grade aged 11 to 13 years who were attending a school in Southern Québec, Canada. The results indicate that the potential risk for dropout decreases as students report greater levels of overall QOSL. More specifically, satisfaction and well-being (components of QOSL) were found to contribute the most to the potential risk for dropout. Additionally, students with higher socio-economic status (SES) reported greater levels of QOSL and lower risk for dropout. This study lends support to the idea that even at a high school level, administrators and teachers can make changes in their policies and practices that improve QOSL and increases the likelihood that students will earn their high school diploma.Le taux de décrochage scolaire élevé est une préoccupation nationale et laisse souvent les individus dans une position désavantageuse. Par exemple, les décrocheurs du secondaire sont plus susceptibles que ceux ayant des niveaux plus élevés de scolarité de vivre dans la pauvreté, à avoir besoin d'aide sociale, et d'être incarcérés. La plupart des recherches se concentre sur les facteurs individuels et contextuels (moins malléable) associés à l'abandon au lieu de se concentrer sur les facteurs qui sont plus réactifs aux changements tels que la qualité de la vie étudiante. Le but de cette étude était de mieux comprendre comment la qualité de la vie étudiante (QDVE), telle que mesurée par quatre sous-échelles du questionnaire QDVE (e.g. satisfaction, le bien-être, l'appartenance sociale et l'auto-détermination/contrôle) peut prédire le risque de décrochage scolaire. Plus précisément, cette étude a utilisé une conception transversale qui a évalué le risque de décrochage et QDVE sur 34 élèves dans un secondaire I, âgés entre 11 à 13 ans qui fréquentaient une école dans le sud du Québec, Canada. Les résultats indiquent que le potentiel risque de décrochage diminue à mesure que leur qualité de vie étudiante augmente. Plus précisément, la satisfaction et le bien-être (composants de QDVE) ont été trouvés à contribuer le plus au risque de décrochage. En outre, les étudiants ayant une situation socio-économique (SSE) plus haute ont rapporté des niveaux plus élevés de QDVE et une réduction de risque de décrochage. La recherche fournit des preuves de la valeur de l'emploi des caractéristiques de QDVE dans un contexte scolaire afin d'améliorer les taux de décrochage. Cette étude apporte soutien à l'idée que, même à un niveau secondaire, les administrateurs et les enseignants peuvent apporter des changements aux niveaux de leurs politiques ainsi que leurs pratiques qui améliorent la QDVE et pourrait augmenter la probabilité que les étudiants obtiennent leur diplôme d'études secondaires
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Watanabe, Mitsuhiro. "Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving SHP (small heterodimer partner) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13031.
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Les souris KK-Ay représentent un bon modèle pour étudier les effets d'une alimentation riche en graisse dans le développement des hyperlipidémies de type IIb et IV. Les acides biliaires réduisent l'accumulation des TG dans le foie ainsi que dans le sérum. LXR et LRH-1 induisent l'expression de SREBP-1c, les acides biliaires induisent l'expression de SHP en activant FXR. Ensuite, SHP diminue l'activité transcriptionnelle de LXR et LRH-1 sur le promoteur murin de SREBP-1c. Les acides biliaires réduisent l'accumulation hépatique de TG en réduisant l'expression de SREBP-1c via SHP. La diminution de la sécrétion des VLDL, et donc de TG sérique, est diminuée. Mes résultats suggèrent que des stratégies en vue d'augmenter l'activité de FXR et l'effet répresseur de SHP doivent être explorées pour corriger l'hypertriglycéridémieKK-Ay mice are useful model to study high fat diet induced type IIb and IV hypertriglyceridemia. Bile acids reduced TG accumulation in liver and TG level in serum. LXR and LRH induce SREBP1c gene expression and bile acids induce mRNA expression of SHP by activating FXR. SHP decreases LXR and LRH transcriptional activity in mouse SREBP1c promoter region. Bile acids reduced liver TG accumulation by suppressing SREBP1c gene expression via SHP. This decreases VLDL secretion and as a result serum TG is reduced. Our results and these data suggest that strategies aimed at increasing FXR activity and the repressive effects of SHP should be explored to correct hypertriglyceridemia
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Pontana, François Ascagne. "Réduction de dose en scanographie thoracique : évaluation de deux générations d’algorithmes de reconstruction itérative en pathologie respiratoire." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S016.
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Parmi les outils de réduction de dose d’exposition en scanner, le plus récent est l’emploi des Reconstructions Itératives (RI). Ces nouveaux algorithmes permettent de corriger de façon répétée les données d’acquisition par modélisation, rendant envisageable la compensation sur les images reconstruites, du bruit engendré par une acquisition scanographique à basse dose. Ce travail a eu pour but d’évaluer, à travers 5 études originales, la performance des RI en scanner thoracique, en particulier leur potentiel de réduction de dose et leurs applications cliniques. La 1ère étude a permis de valider la réduction de bruit sans perte d’information diagnostique sur 32 scanners thoraciques grâce à un algorithme de RI de 1ère génération (IRIS). L’évaluation initiale de cette technique a permis de l’intégrer en pratique clinique donnant lieu à la 2e étude évaluant IRIS chez 80 patients ayant bénéficié de 2 scanners thoraciques successifs dans le cadre d’un suivi. Malgré une réduction de dose de 35% par réduction du milliampérage, IRIS a permis de maintenir une qualité image similaire à celle du scanner initial. L’évaluation d’un algorithme de RI de 2e génération (SAFIRE) a ensuite été réalisée sur des examens acquis à dose encore plus réduite : (a) chez 80 patients étudiés par angioscanner à bas kilovoltage avec 50% de réduction de dose ; et (b) chez 50 patients étudiés en scanner double source avec acquisition simultanée d’images pleine dose et d’images à dose réduite de 60%. Enfin, SAFIRE a été évalué dans une situation clinique particulière, l’embolie pulmonaire, permettant une réduction de dose de 60% sans perte de performance diagnostiqueAmong the different tools available to save dose in CT, the most recent option is the use of Iterative Reconstructions (IR) instead of Filtered Back Projection. These new algorithms can correct repeatedly the acquisition by modeling data, making possible the compensation of the noise generated in reconstructed images by a low-dose CT acquisition. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate, through 5 original studies, the performance of IR in chest CT, especially their potential for dose reduction and clinical applications.Based on 32 chest CT examinations, the first study validated the level of noise reduction achievable with a first-generation IR algorithm (IRIS). This initial evaluation allowed us to investigate the performance of IRIS in clinical practice, giving rise to the second IRIS study; the latter evaluated 80 patients who underwent two successive chest CT examinations for monitoring. Despite a 35% dose reduction achieved by reduction of the tube current, IRIS provided a similar image quality in comparison with that of the initial examination. A second-generation IR algorithm (SAFIRE) was then evaluated on examinations obtained at lower dose levels in (a) 80 patients who had undergone low-kilovoltage chest CT angiography with a 50% dose reduction; and (b) 50 patients studied with a dual source CT system providing simultaneously full-dose and low- dose (reduction of 60%) images. Lastly, SAFIRE has been evaluated in the specific context of acute pulmonary embolism where the diagnostic performance of low-dose SAFIRE images was found to be similar to that of full-dose FBP images
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Jensen, Ingvil Nortier. "The Effect of Nutrient Release from Fish Farms on the Lower Trophic Levels of the Marine Food Web in North Patagonia, Chile." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19347.
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A mesocosm experiment was performed over 16 days during austral summer in 2010, in Northern Patagonia, Chile. Nutrients were added in 8 different concentrations along a gradient, simulating different levels of nutrients released by salmon farms. Nitrogen loading rate ranged from LN = 0 μg l-1 d-1 to LN = 42 μg l-1 d-1, and Silicate and Phosphorus were added in Redfield ratios. The goal of the study was to look at the effect of nutrient addition on the lower trophic levels of the marine pelagic food web represented by three groups of organisms: Phytoplankton, Ciliates and Copepods. Nutrient addition was found to have a very clear effect on chlorophyll a, POC and ciliate biomass, which showed a very clear linear increase with increasing loading rate. POC and chl a values showed that phytoplankton growth started immediately after nutrient addition. At the maximum level POC values had become 13 times larger than at the original level. Phytoplankton community composition, in the mesocosms with the highest loading rates, was found to shift from larger cells in the beginning of the experiment to smaller cells towards the end. Ciliate biomass was found to increase linearly with food concentration, indicating that ciliate population growth was closely tied to food availability. Ciliate biomass peaked on day 8 with 117 μg C l-1 found in the treatments with highest nutrient additions. A maximum of 91 ciliates ml-1 was found on day 16 during the experiment. Both these values are much higher than what has previously been reported in the area, indicating that ciliates might play a more important role in the Patagonian marine food web than previously thought. Copepod concentration and biomass were found to be uncorrelated to both nutrient addition and food concentration. This study found that nutrients released from fish farms have the potential to cause drastic increases in chl a and phytoplankton and ciliate biomass, as well as affect the community structure of phytoplankton.
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Wolfe, Perry. "Increasing the fellowship of Laclede County Baptist Association pastors and their wives to determine if it will lower anxiety and job stress levels." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p054-0247.
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Multanen, Hannu. "Lower inventory levels and costs due to reduction of transportation time : To develop a framework to understand the effects of the transportation time to inventory." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9697.
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Naeem, Muhammad Farhan. "Analysis of an Ill-posed Problem of Estimating the Trend Derivative Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95163.
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The amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere has significantly increased in the last few decades as compared to the last 80,000 years approximately. The increase in carbon dioxide levels are affecting the temperature and therefore need to be understood better. In order to study the effects of global events on the carbon dioxide levels, one need to properly estimate the trends in carbon dioxide in the previous years. In this project, we will perform the task of estimating the trend in carbon dioxide measurements taken in Mauna Loa for the last 46 years, also known as the Keeling Curve, using estimation techniques based on a Taylor and Fourier series model equation. To perform the estimation, we will employ Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) and review our results by comparing it to other estimation techniques. The estimation of the trend in Keeling Curve is well-posed however, the estimation for the first derivative of the trend is an ill-posed problem. We will further calculate if the estimation error is under a suitable limit and conduct statistical analyses for our estimated results.
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Prytz, Johan. "Speaking of Geometry : A study of geometry textbooks and literature on geometry instruction for elementary and lower secondary levels in Sweden, 1905-1962, with a special focus on professional debates." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Mathematics, Uppsala university, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7902.
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Graeve, Martin. "Umsatz und Verteilung von Lipiden in arktischen marinen Organismen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung unterer trophischer Stufen = Turnover and distribution of lipids in Arctic marine organisms with regard to lower trophic levels /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/127460284.pdf.
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Senra, Hugo Renato Carreira Gomes. "From injured body to changes in self-identity: A research on adults with acquired physical impairments." Doctoral thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1348.
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Dissertação apresentado ao ISPA-Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Psicologia Aplicada: Especialidade Psicologia da ClinicaBackground: The experience of becoming physically impaired, especially in lower limb adult amputees and in working-aged patients with vision loss, has deserved little attention by research in general. The weight of some variables associated with these experiences on depressive levels has been stressed by some studies. However, little is known about it. Aims: The current dissertation aimed at filing in the knowledge gap regarding these topics. We intended to explore the experience of acquired physical impairment, focusing on changes in self-identity, in two groups: working-aged adults with vision loss; and adults who suffered a lower limb amputation. In addition, we aimed at exploring a possible connection between the most relevant emerged variables of these experiences and the depressive levels: the self-awareness of impairment; and the selfidentifications with the impairment. Method: Two independent studies were performed, both was cross-sectional and using mixed-methods: study 1 was on the experiences of vision loss of 38 patients at rehabilitation setting (mean age of 42.7; SD=14.5); and study 2 was on the experiences of lower limb amputation in 42 patients (mean age of 61; SD=13.5) followed-up at a general hospital‟s rehabilitation medicine unit. Qualitative data on the experiences of impairment was collected by two semi-structured interviews for each patient. The interviews were performed by an independent and trained psychologist, under the supervision of a senior psychologist and psychotherapist. 80 interviews were conducted in study 1 and 84 interviews in study 2. Depressive levels were assessed using CES-D. The content analysis was performed using the Categorical and Coding analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: Qualitative data from the study 1, on the experiences of vision loss, retrieved seven themes, most of them focused on changes in self-identity. These results supported a new model for the adjustment process to vision loss, based on patients‟ self-awareness of impairment and self-identifications with the impairment. 39.5% (n=15) of patients met CES-D criteria for depression. Higher depressive levels (P<.05) were found in patients who: lost vision for longer; begun their rehabilitation later; were more aware of their impairment; and those who reported an inadequate social support (P<.01). A positive correlation was found between CES-D scores and vision loss evolution (.333; P=.036), and between CES-D scores and rehabilitation time (.335; P=.035). In study 2, eight themes emerged from the interviews. Qualitative results supported a theoretical model for the changes in self-identity related to lower limb loss beyond the body image. 31% (n=13) met CES-D criteria for Depression. Higher depressive levels (p<.05) were found in those who showed: greater self-awareness of impairment; lower identification with the impairment; and worse appraisals towards the prosthesis, social support and well-being. Conclusions: In both studies the changes in self-identity, especially in terms of selfawareness of impairment and self-identifications with the impairment, arose as core milestones of the adjustment process to the impairment. The relationship found between the variables related to the experience of impairment and depressive levels suggests two conclusions: the changes in self-identity caused by the impairment might be one of the important causes for the rising of depressive levels; the increase in depressive levels in these populations might be, at first, the reflex of the adjustment process to the many personal losses and therefore, do not necessarily reveal a bad adaptation to the impairment nor a mental health problem. ---------- RESUMO ----------Enquadramento: A experiência de amputação de membro inferior em adultos, e a experiência de perda irreversível de visão em adultos não idosos, são dois temas que têm tido pouca atenção por parte da investigação científica. O peso desta experiência ao nível da identidade dos sujeitos e a relação dessas variáveis com os níveis de depressividade são temas considerados relevantes, embora ainda pouco estudados. Objectivos: A presente dissertação veio no propósito de produzir alguma evidência acerca dos tópicos referidos. Com estes estudos pretendemos explorar as experiências incapacidade física adquirida e as suas implicações para a identidade dos sujeitos em dois grupos de sujeitos: adultos que tenham sofrido amputação de membro inferior; e adultos não idosos com perda irreversível e severa de visão. Outro dos objectivos destes estudos foi a investigação preliminar de potenciais relações entre variáveis como a autoconsciência de incapacidade e as auto-identificações com a incapacidade e os níveis de depressividade. Método: Para atingir os objectivos do nosso estudo, delineamos duas investigações independentes. Estudo 1: 38 sujeitos com perda irreversível de visão (média de idades de 42.7 anos; desvio padrão de 14.5), todos eles em fase de reabilitação. Estudo 2: 42 sujeitos amputados (média de idades de 61; desvio padrão de 15.6), todos eles em seguimento na consulta de medicina física e de reabilitação num hospital geral. Em ambos os estudos as experiências de incapacidade foram recolhidas através de uma metodologia qualitativa, com recurso a entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas individualmente a cada sujeito. Cada entrevista foi realizada por um investigador independente, formado em Psicologia e com experiencia clínica com este tipo de populações. As entrevistas foram supervisionadas por um Psicólogo e Psicoterapeuta Sénior. Os níveis de depressividade foram avaliados usando o CES-D. A análise do conteúdo das entrevistas foi realizada com base no método de codificação categorial não indutivo de Bardin. Resultados: Os resultados qualitativos do estudo 1 (perda de visão) revelaram sete temas, a maior parte dos quais acerca das alterações ao nível da própria identidade. Esses resultados suportaram um modelo compreensivo para o processo de ajustamento à perda de visão, com base na auto-consciência de incapacidade e nas auto-identificações à incapacidade dos sujeitos estudados. As pontuações no CES-D de 39.5% (n=15) dos sujeitos cumpriram os critérios para depressão clínica. Maiores níveis de depressão (P<.05) foram encontrados nos sujeitos que: tinham perdido a visão há mais tempo; começaram a reabilitação mais tardiamente; estavam mais conscientes a sua incapacidade; e percepcionaram um pior suporte social (P<.01). Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre as pontuações dos sujeitos no CES-D e duas variáveis: o tempo decorrido entre o primeiro diagnóstico da doença responsável pela perda de visão e o momento em que o sujeito ficou clinicamente com baixa visão ou cego (.333; P=.036); o tempo de reabilitação (.355; P=.035). No estudo 2 emergiram oito temas sobre a experiência de amputação. Esses resultados suportaram também um modelo teórico compreensivo para as alterações na identidade dos sujeitos, decorrentes da situação de amputação. 31% (n=13) dos sujeitos apresentaram pontuações no CES-D que cumpriram os critérios para depressão clínica. Maiores níveis de depressão (P<.05) foram encontrados nos sujeitos que apresentaram: maior auto-consciência de incapacidade; menor identificação à incapacidade; pior relação com a prótese; pior percepção do suporte social; e pior percepção do bem-estar. xii Conclusões: Nos dois estudos a auto-consciência de incapacidade e as autoidentificações com a incapacidade surgiram como duas variáveis chave do processo de ajustamento à incapacidade, demonstrando o potencial efeito transformador destas situações de incapacidade para identidade dos sujeitos. A associação encontrada entre as variáveis relativas à experiência de incapacidade e os níveis de depressividade parece sugerir duas conclusões: as alterações na identidade decorrentes da situação de incapacidade física adquirida poderão ser uma das importantes causas do aumento dos níveis de depressividade; o aumento dos níveis de depressividade poderão ser, num primeiro momento, reflexo do processo de ajustamento às perdas sofridas e não traduzir, necessariamente, uma má adaptação à situação de incapacidade, nem um problema de saúde mental.
Programa Operacional de Potencial Humano, QREN Portugal, 2007-2013
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Jackson, Brian Aliston. "Translation of Heterogeneous High-level Models to Lower Level Design Languages." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27437.
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Proceeding from a specification, one develops an abstract mathematical model of a system, or portion of a system. This model of a system is validated to insure that the specification is interpreted accurately and to explore different algorithms for implementing the system behavior. We use the words â portion of a system,â because only rarely are systems designed wholly using a purely top-down approach. Commonly, the design approach is a mixture of top-down and bottom-up. But even in this mixed approach, top-down techniques are critical to the development of new, advanced system features and improving the performance of existing system components. An example of this style of design tools and environments is Ptolemy II. Ptolemy II is a high-level modeling tool created at UC-Berkeley. It supports heterogeneous and homogeneous modeling, simulation, and design of concurrent systems. High-level modeling of such embedded systems as digital electronics, hardware, and software can be effectively represented.
The bottom-up design approach exploits design reuse to achieve the productivity necessary to build complex systems. Historically, chip design companies have always reused designs in going from one product generation to another, but the efficiency of bottom-up design is enhanced by the use of IP (Intellectual Property) cores that a company can buy from an outside source. Design libraries are useful for system design and are an example of IP cores.
A sound methodology to translate Ptolemy models to SystemC models would have a very beneficial effect on the CAD/EDA industry. Ptolemy II is written in Java and its high-level designs, or abstract graph models, are represented as XML documents. Ptolemyâ s major emphasis is on the methodology for defining and producing embedded software together with the system in which it is embedded. SystemC is written in C++, and its industrial use is gaining momentum due to its ability to represent functionality, communication, software, and hardware at various levels of abstraction. SystemC produces synthesizable code. A methodology to convert Ptolemy models to synthesizable SystemC code would be the technical epitome of a hybrid between top-down and bottom-up design styles and methodologies. Such a methodology would enable system designers to obtain fast design exploration, efficient IP-reuse, and validation. Ptolemy has various components and models of computation. A model of computation dictates how components interact between other components. SystemC has its own models of computation and design libraries. XML and Perl are both powerful tools by themselves, and we use these tools in this research to create a sound methodology for translating Ptolemy models (high-level of abstraction) to synthesizable SystemC code (low-level of abstraction), i.e.: code which can serve as input to hardware tools.Ph. D.
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Nuest, Brian Dale Turner Marilyn L. "Where did I park? Connecting lower-level and higher-level memory processes /." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this dissertation, 2006. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2006/d001.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, Dept. of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences."May 2006." Title from PDF title page (viewed on September 13, 2006). "Copyright 2006 by Brian Dale Nuest" Thesis advisor: Marilyn Turner. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 95-101).
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Reninger, Kristin Bourdage. "Intermediate-level, lower-achieving readers' participation in and high-level thinking during group discussions about literary texts." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180009715.
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Wikström, Ebba. "Mer prisvärda hyresrätter? : Hur arbetar utvalda byggbolag för att kunna pressa nyproduktionshyrorna och blir bostäderna som de bygger tillgängliga för de grupper som är mest utsatta på bostadsmarknaden?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229953.
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Sveriges befolkning ökar och koncentreras allt mer till storstäderna. Detta har lett till en kraftigt ökad efterfrågan på bostäder och ett högre tryck på den svenska bostadsmarknaden. Några av konsekvenserna är en marknad med kraftigt stigande priser, långa bostadsköer och stora svårigheter för särskilt utsatta grupper att hitta en bostad till rimligt pris. Hushållens genomsnittliga ekonomiska standard har haft en god utveckling och stigit med 35 % sedan 2005. Vid uppdelning av Sveriges totala disponibla inkomst i tiondelar framgår det att 27 % av Sveriges befolkning har en inkomst motsvarande den högsta tiondelen. I denna grupp har en ökning med tre procentenheter skett sedan 2005. Samtidigt har 30 % av befolkningen en inkomst motsvarande de fem lägsta tiondelarna. Sedan 2005 har denna andel sjunkit med två procentenheter. Detta indikerar att inkomstklyftorna ökar. Nyproduktion av bostäder har länge byggts för hushåll med högst inkomster medan inkomstsvaga grupper är utlämnade till den befintliga bostadsmarknaden med höga hyror, priser och långa kötider för hyresrätter. Behovet av nya bostäder med lägre nyproduktionshyror är stort och det finns idag ett fåtal aktörer med en uttalad strategi att bygga prisvärda hyresrätter. Denna kvalitativa fallstudie har som målsättning att svara på följande frågor rörande prisvärda hyresrätter: 1. Hur stämmer studiens resultat överens med relevant teori? 2. Varför har bolagen valt att bygga eller utveckla mer prisvärda hyresrätter? 3. Hur arbetar bolagen för att minska produktionskostnaderna? 4. Blir de bostäder som bolagen bygger och utvecklar tillgängliga för de grupper som är mest utsatta på bostadsmarknaden? Det vill säga blir de tillräckligt prisvärda? Fördjupade intervjuer med bolagen Bonava, Botrygg, KlaraBo, BoKlok samt K-fastigheter har genomförts för att kunna besvara frågorna. Likheterna i bolagens produktionsprocesser är hög. För samtliga är målet att skapa sig kunskap och kontroll över så många skeden av projekten som möjligt. Detta för att skapa en effektiv process som möjliggör lägre kostnader och minskade ledtider. Återupprepningseffekten är mycket viktig för att hela tiden utvecklas. Standardisering av komponenter, husmoduler och byggsystem kortar ledtiderna vilket också sparar både tid och pengar. Den produkt som bolagen i studien bygger är billigare än den genomsnittliga nyproducerade hyresrätten i Sverige och bolagens mindre lägenheter blir tillgängliga för de mest utsatta grupperna på bostadsmarknaden. Statens investeringsstöd gör samtliga bostäder tillgängliga för grupper med lägre inkomster. Trots detta finns det ett stort behov av att bygga fler, framför allt större, lägenheter utan investeringsstöd eller subventioner med lägre nyproduktionshyror för de grupper i samhället med lägst inkomster.Sweden's population is increasing and gets more and more concentrated to the metropolitan areas. This has lead to a sharply increased demand for housing and a higher pressure on the Swedish housing market. One of the consequences is a market with rising prices, long housing queues and difficulties for particularly vulnerable income groups to find an affordable home. The average development of the economic standard of the Swedish households has been good and has increased by 35 % since 2005. When dividing Sweden’s total disposable income into tenths it shows that 27 % of Sweden’s population has an income responding to the highest tenth. This is an increase by three percent since 2005. At the same time 30 % of the population has an income corresponding to the five lowest tenth of the total disposable income. Since 2005 this part has decreased with two percent. These differences indicate that the income gap has increased. New construction of housing has long been built for households with the highest incomes while lower income households are dependant on the existing housing stock with high rents, prices and long housing ques. The need of new construction of housing with lower rents is great and today there are a few companies in the market with a strategy to build more affordable rental apartments. This qualitative case study aims to answer the following research questions regarding affordable rental apartments: 1. How well does the result of the study correlate with relevant theories? 2. Why have the companies decided to produce or develop more affordable rental apartments? 3. How does the companies work in order to reduce their production costs? 4. Will the rental apartments that the companies build and develop become available to the groups that are most vulnerable in the housing market? That is, will they be affordable enough? In-depth interviews have been conducted with the companies Bonava, Botrygg, KlaraBo, BoKlok and K-Fastigheter to answer the four research questions.The similarities between the production processes of the companies are many. For all of them the goal is to gain knowledge and control over as many stages of the projects as possible. This in order to create an efficient process that enables lower costs and reduced lead times. The repetition effect is very important for continuous development. Standardization of components, housing modules and building systems reduce lead times, which also saves both time and money. The product that the companies produce has lower rents than the average newly constructed rental apartment in Sweden and the companies’ smaller apartments gets available for the most exposed groups in the housing market. The state's investment subsidy makes all the apartments, independent of their size, available to groups with lower incomes. Despite this there is still a need to build larger apartments without subsidies that has lower rents for the groups in society with the lowest incomes.
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Horiuchi, Yusaku 1968. "Turnout twist : higher voter turnout in lower-level elections." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8240.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-195).
American and European political scientists have claimed that subnational elections record lower voter turnout than national elections in most democracies. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, Japanese municipal elections often record considerably higher voter turnout than national elections, particularly in small towns and villages. Why is Japan different from most other democracies? Is Japan the only exception? What explains such exceptionally high local turnout in rural Japan? Under what conditions do lower-level elections produce higher voter turnout? By examining these questions, this dissertation aims to improve our understanding of incentives affecting electoral participation both at national and subnational levels. First, I show that Japan is not the only exception. There are some other important cases of higher voter turnout in lower-level elections, which I define as the "turnout twist" phenomenon. They can be found in Australia, Canada, Finland, France, India, Italy, Northern Ireland, Spain, and Switzerland. Second, I hypothesize that relative voter turnout in subnational vs. national elections is determined by the relative magnitudes of how much is at stake and how much votes count ("vote significance") in these elections. In lower-level elections, electoral outcomes may less significantly affect public policies, but citizens may be able to affect the electoral outcomes more significantly by voting. Therefore, if the effect of vote significance outweighs the effect of stake, "turnout twist" is a logically possible consequence.
(cont.) I statistically test this model using cross-national data, cross-municipality Japanese data, and individual-level survey data from Japan. The results show that the model has impressive explanatory power. Finally, based on findings from my field research, I show that the electoral system used in Japanese municipal assembly elections (i.e., the single non-transferable vote system with an at-large district) produces very small vote margins between candidates, and thus gives a strong incentive to both voters and candidates to think hard about how much votes count.
by Yusaku Horiuchi.
Ph.D.
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Stack, James Andrew. "A lower level developmental account of infant "false belief" reasoning." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654465.
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In a groundbreaking empirical study Onishi and Baillargeon (2005) developed a nonverbal version of Wimmer and Perner's (1983) unexpected transfer false belief task based on Woodward's (1998) violation-of-expectation methodology in order to assess 15-month-olds preferential looking times. The findings from this study demonstrate that infants looked less when an agent reached for a target object where the agent last . . . ..- saw it when it had been moved to a different location in her absence. Onishi & Baillargeon and others have interpreted these data as providing the first empirical demonstration of an implicit and innate meta-representational understanding of beliefstates within infancy (the rich accounts). Alternatively, these data have been interpreted at a mentalistic level as demonstrating no more than infants' understanding of the agent's ignorance (Southgate et aI, 2007; Wellman, in press) or at a basic non-mentalistic level involving an understanding of actions based on associationist strategies and behavioural rules (the lean accounts of Perner & Ruffman, 2005). I suggest that the rich and lean accounts are problematic in that both provide a non-developmental and excessively adult-like conception of task performance on this measure. This masks the emergence of, as yet unconsidered, lower level and developmentally sensitive precursor competences. I argue that infant false belief data can be better understood if situated within such a lower level developmental framework which emphasises (a) infants' understanding of goal-directed actions and (b) key differences between the levels of perceptual awareness demonstrated by infants and older children in the verbal and non-verbal versions of the unexpected transfer task. At a wider level I argue that the types of competence demonstrated on both verbal and non-verbal false belief tasks can be situated within a second person I .~------------ -- r relational framework (e.g., Gallagher, 2005; Reddy, 2003 , 2008). With specific reference to Onishi and Baillargeon's (2005) non-verbal 'false belief' task I argue that infant social competence is framed in terms of what 'we' saw (a first-person plural explanation) rather than what 'I' saw 'you' see (a third-person explanation). In order to test these assertions five cross-sectional empirical studies were conducted on infants between the ages of 10- and 22-months. The findings from at least four of these studies (Studies 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5) were inconsistent with both the rich and lean accounts. In contrast, the findings from at least three of these studies (Studies 1-, 3-, and 5) were consistent with my own lower level action-perception account. These findings suggest a reconceptualisation both in terms of how we assess and how we interpret infant false belief data.
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Rossi-Katz, Jessica A. "The contribution of lower-level and higher-level processes to age-related changes in competing-speech perception." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239444.
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Reddy, Koovesheni. "An investigation into work-family conflict in females occupying lower-level jobs." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1201.
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The study focused on work-family conflict among females occupying lower level jobs. A quantitative research methodology was conducted on a sample of (N=144) females working on the assembly line in two private sector organisations. The research instrument was a questionnaire comprising six parts. The variables were measured under four categories: work-family conflict, job demands, perceived organisational support and job self-efficacy. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse and interpret the data. A comparative study was done between Hesto and Alpha pharmaceutical employees and it was found that Hesto employees experience greater work-family conflict, job demands, perceived organisational support and job self-efficacy. The correlation results of the study showed that a significant negative relationship exists between perceived organisation support and work-family conflict. There was a weak positive relationship between perceived organisational support and job self-efficacy. Work demands was found to be positively and significantly related to work-family conflict. There was a significant negative relationship between perceived organisational support and work demand. A significant negative relationship was found between job self-efficacy and work-family conflict. Based on these results recommendations were made on how South African companies can help reduce work-family conflict.
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Kliegl, Katrin M. [Verfasser]. "Duration perception: assessing contributions of lower and higher level processes / Katrin M. Kliegl." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078933480/34.
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Baumann, Timo [Verfasser]. "Incremental spoken dialogue processing : architecture and lower-level components [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Timo Baumann." Bielefeld : Universitaetsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036111903/34.
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Grichko, Varvara P. "Behavior of tomato plants genetically manipulated to have a lower level of ethylene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ44762.pdf.
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McDonnell, Alice. "Developing the mathematical beliefs of second-level students : an intervention study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17010.
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This study examined the effects of a learning environment (embodying many of De Corte et al.’s, (2004) CLIA-model components) on secondary students’ mathematical beliefs. Such mathematical beliefs have been of interest to the research community due to their expected impact on students’ willingness to engage in mathematical problem-solving. This research adopted an action research methodology using a quasi-experimental sequential explanatory mixed methods design. Data was collected using the Mathematics Related Beliefs Questionnaire (MRBQ) and a number of focus groups and individual interviews were undertaken. The sample selected (age 13-14) was from a population of convenience. There was one treatment class (N=22) and three control classes (N=45). The classroom intervention was of six months duration and was carried out by the researcher teacher in a secondary community school. Findings revealed no significant positive effects on students’ beliefs from the new learning environment about the teacher’s role in the classroom, their personal competence and the relevance to their lives and mathematics as an inaccessible subject. A more negative outcome for the fourth factor of the MRBQ scale, ‘mathematics as an inaccessible subject’, resulted for all participants (experimental and control combined) with a moderate effect of eta2=0.09. Findings from the qualitative data indicated the experimental participants found mathematics to be a difficult but useful subject. Findings, overall, revealed no significant differences between the experimental and control classes, indicating the new learning environment had not had a positive impact on the beliefs examined. Possible factors identified were the length of the intervention, the ages of participants and the socio-economic status of the majority taking part in this study. Qualitative data also indicated participants in the treatment class had found some of the activities used in the intervention to be interesting and enjoyable. Responses to the use of group work indicated participants were both willing and able to enter into communities of learners. Other results showed that participants with the highest achievement scores appeared to be the most confident learners of mathematics. Participants appeared to accept the need to have patience and perseverance when solving difficult problems but this was not translated into action in the classroom. The importance of understanding mathematics appeared to be accepted by participants. Implications for methodology, research and practice are discussed in light of these findings.
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Al, Ghamdi Misfer. "Sedimentology, sea-level history and porosity evolution of the Holkerian (Lower Carboniferous) of Gower." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54988/.
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The Holkerian (Lower Carboniferous, Mississippian) Hunts Bay Oolite (HBO) was studied in the south of Gower, along a section 15km long, up to 300m thick, at three locations: Langland Bay, Three Cliffs Bay and Port Eynon Bay. The HBO has been divided petrographically into four main associations (A, B, C and D), each with up to three lithofacies. Association A comprises crinoidal plates and bimodal grains of ooid, grapestone and aggregate grains it represents open-marine offshore deposits. Association B consists of the main oolite factory in an active shoal setting. Association C, deposited in back-shoal settings, and represents mainly grapestones and aggregate. Associations B and C are the main sandbody constituents. D is the lagoonal part of the HBO and includes bioclasts and peloids which are associated with sponges. The High Tor Limestone to HBO transition is gradational, without sharp boundaries. These associations accumulated in shoaling-upward sequences: offshore via active shoal to back shoal or lagoonal settings. Each sequence shows a thickening ESE to WNW trend. These cycles are not glacio-eustatic in origin but were likely tectonically-controlled and local, so that the sea-level curve of the HBO does not conform to the Holkerian global signal. Ramsay's (1987) and Scott's (1988) overall HBO-sandbody models are inapplicable to Ball's (1967) and Handford's (1988) marine sand-belt model as they lack differentiation between ramp and shield, and large bipolar cross-stratification. Considering all the HBO features exhibited, the deposystem lacks analogy to any modern or ancient examples, and represents a range of small sandbodies, and not major oolite shoals, as the source. A paragenetic sequence has been derived and fifteen diagenetic events identified. Most HBO diagenetic features differ from those of the well documented Chadian Gully Oolite of Gower, especially in the early diagenesis phase Gully Oolite contains ranges of emergence phases, and associated features such as vadose cementation and compaction, oomouldic fabrics, development of palaeosol and palaeokarsts.
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Kirby, Jason Robert. "Holocene floodplain vegetation dynamics and sea-level change in the lower Aire valley, Yorkshire." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3964.
Full textAbstract:
Perimarine river valleys are a rich resource for studying palaeoecological change which may provide information concerning catchment and sea-level change. This thesis reconstructs the environmental history of the lower Aire valley during the Holocene, and investigates the factors influencing floodplain and vegetational development.Reconstruction of environmental change in the lower Aire valley in the mid- to late-Holocene is based on lithological and palaeoecological records from three sites in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the study reach. Techniques used include pollen, diatom, wood macrofossil, loss on ignition, and radiocarbon analysis.Paludification of the valley floor was time transgressive, apparently responding to gradually rising sea level, beginning at c. 7000 BP (c. 8000 to c. 7600 cal. yrs BP) at the lowermost site, whereas conditions were not wet enough for preservation of organic sediment in the upper reach until c. 4200 BP (c. 5000 to c. 8500 cal. yrs BP). Accumulation of floodplain peat was interrupted by the deposition of finely laminated humic clays some time after c. 7000 BP (c. 8000 to c. 7600 cal. yrs BP) in the lower tract of the Aire valley, near Goole, suggesting a change to lagoonal conditions. This was apparently caused by the ponding of freshwater against the rising estuary. It is also possible that drainage was impeded, associated with widespread deposition of organic sediment in the lower valley areas, which may have contributed to the creation of a lagoonal environment. The lagoon had silted up by c. 6000 BP (c. 7200 to c. 6600 cal. yrs BP), probably due to an increase in tidal asymmetry, and range, which resulted in a net surplus of sediment into the floodbasins and enabled the re-invasion of fen carr onto the site.The main period of organic sedimentation lasted for several millennia at each of the study sites, during which time Alnus glutinosa fen carr communities dominated the wet floodplain backswamp areas. During mid-Holocene times, the vegetation of the surrounding dryland, was colonised by a mixed woodland, with Tilia, Ulmus, Quercus, and probably, Corylus avellana and Fraxinus excelsior. Pinus sylvestris was also prevalent in the region.Alnus carr was progressively replaced by fen meadow communities, and then saltmarsh or freshwater reedswamp communities, due to a phase of positive sea-level tendency, which was recorded throughout the lower Aire valley between c. 4600 and c. 2700 BP (c. 5500 to c. 2700 cal. yrs BP). Remnants of a possible upper peat unit and diatom evidence from the upper clastic sediment is tentatively interpreted as indicating the contraction of estuarine conditions and a phase of negative sea-level tendency some time during the late-Iron Age.
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Schneider, Felipe Ribeiro. "Building transistor-level networks following the lower bound on the number of stacked switches." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55446.
Full textAbstract:
Em portas lógicas CMOS, tanto o atraso de propagação como a curva de saída estão fortemente ligados ao número de dispositivos PMOS e NMOS conectados em série nas redes de carga e descarga, respectivamente. O estilo lógico ‘standard CMOS’ é, em geral, otimizado para um dos planos, apresentando então o arranjo complementar no plano oposto. Consequentemente, o número mínimo de transistores em série não é necessariamente alcançado. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um método para encontrar o menor número de chaves (transistores) em série necessários para se implementar portas lógicas complexas CMOS. Um novo estilo lógico CMOS, derivado de tal método, é então proposto e comparado ao estilo CMOS convencional através do uso de uma ferramenta de caracterização comercial. A caracterização elétrica de conjuntos de funções de 3 a 6 entradas foi realizada para avaliar o novo método, apresentando significativos ganhos em velocidade, sem perdas em dissipação de potência ou em área.Both the propagation delay and the output slope in CMOS gates are strongly related to the number of stacked PMOS and NMOS devices in the pull-up and pull-down networks, respectively. The standard CMOS logic style is usually optimized targeting one logic plane, presenting then the complemented topology in the other one. As a consequence, the minimum number of stacked transistors is not necessarily achieved. In this work, a method to find the lower bound of stacked switches (transistors) in CMOS complex gates is presented. A novel CMOS logic style, derived from such method, is then proposed and compared to conventional CMOS style through a commercial cell characterizer. Electrical characterization of sets of 3- to 6-input functions was done in order to evaluate the new method. Significant gains in propagation delay were obtained without penalty in power dissipation or area.
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Yang, Shuyi. "Constructing informal diagnostic reading assessment instruments for lower-level Chinese as second language readers." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6343.
Full textAbstract:
Reading in a second language (L2) is a complex process that poses formidable obstacles for readers, especially those in the initial stages of learning. The challenge is particularly daunting for lower-level Chinese L2 readers with an alphabetic first language (L1) background. Chinese is a logographic, deep orthography with unique linguistic features that necessitate specific reading processes and skills. The development of Chinese L2 reading competence is heavily dependent upon instruction. Effective instruction requires accurate diagnoses of the learners’ reading problems and appropriate selection of instructional materials. Compared with standardized proficiency tests that provide little diagnostic information, and formal diagnostic assessments that are inconvenient to use in daily instruction for diagnostic purposes, informal diagnostic assessment tools enable language teachers to better accommodate the instructional needs of learners to identify reading weaknesses and select suitable materials. However, thus far, instruction-informative, diagnostically rich, and flexible informal diagnostic reading assessment for Chinese L2 reading is lacking.
This study aims to fill a gap in the Chinese L2 reading assessment field by exploring the applicability of three tasks as informal reading diagnostic assessment tools to measure comprehension performance, detect reading problems, and determine instructional material difficulty levels for lower-level Chinese L2 readers. These three assessment instruments are: oral word reading, word segmentation, and oral passage reading. This study is a necessary step towards constructing diagnostic Chinese reading assessment instruments that can be used by classroom teachers. It also contributes to the Chinese L2 reading field theoretically because it examines whether an L1 English reading theory can be applied to explain L2 Chinese reading. The participants in this study were 70 lower-level English-speaking learners of Chinese from several universities in the United States and China.
The results showed that all three of the informal diagnostic instruments effectively predict reading comprehension, with oral passage reading emerging as the strongest indicator. One shared construct, oral reading fluency, underlies the three diagnostic instruments. Oral reading fluency strongly predicts comprehension, suggesting that there is commonality in reading across languages, and theories designed for L1 alphabetic language reading can be well applied to Chinese L2 reading. Chinese orthographic characteristics also exert influence on reading, as manifested in the stronger role of fluency in predicting comprehension and the word segmenting processes in reading. The informal diagnostic instruments can also be used to evaluate instructional material difficulty. Two of the three textbook-equivalent texts examined in this study fit the learners’ reading level, while most learners felt one of the texts was too difficult to read. L2 readers have diverse profiles and they develop their componential skills in different ways, whereas the crucial role of word-level processing in reading remains stable across reader patterns. Generally speaking, the three diagnostic instruments were moderately difficult for the participants in this study, and the two oral reading tasks were more challenging than the word segmentation. The quantity and quality of learners’ errors when completing these three diagnostic instruments reveal rich information about their reading processes and problems. The findings offered strong support for the three instruments as effective tools for diagnostic purposes in Chinese lower-level L2 reading instruction and indicated the importance of developing reading fluency and training word-level processing skills.
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May, Paul J. "An environmental level analysis of economic correlates of child abuse in the Lower Mainland." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28719.
Full textAbstract:
The question of the etiology of child abuse has received growing research attention since the early 60's. This attention has moved from a strictly individual psychopathology focus to a more systemic, environmental perspective. The determination of significant correlates of child abuse, in view of this dichotomy, holds very important policy and intervention implications. This is because as the importance of environmental factors rises, so does the "depth" or systemic nature of the intervention required.
The environmental model proposes that abusive behaviour is not only a function of an individual's psychological makeup. In addition, factors outside the individual are thought to be critical components in the abuse phenomenon. These factors are a part of the social environment of the individual and thus impinge upon all individuals who live in that environment.
Research into environmental correlates of child abuse is still at an early phase of development. The works of James Garbarino, Blair and Rita Justice, and Ralph Catalano, David Dooley, et al. have made progress in identifying possible significant systemic correlates, in tentative connective hypotheses, and in research approaches. Garbarino, and Catalano, Dooley, et al have focused on various community-level features of economic climate. The Justices' have focused on the importance of high levels of stress in inducing abusive behaviour.
However, this work has all pertained to the American environment. There are no studies which have started replicating their seminal work in Canada. The present study does precisely this. This study tests for the existence of an association between selected correlates of the economy's ability to provide jobs and the incidence of child abuse.
The selected correlates of the economy are the size of the labour force and the unemployment rate in the Greater Vancouver Metropolitan area, and the rate of income assistance receipt by employable persons for a subset of municipalities found within the Greater Vancouver Metropolitan area. These variables are aggregate monthly
totals. They are correlated with a monthly incidence rate of child abuse reports drawn from the same geographical area as the income assistance statistics. The ability of a community to provide jobs is a significant feature of a community's environment, and one which may create general stress. Thus, a significant correlation was expected.
The series' were manipulated using the ARIMA method of time series analysis in order to remove regular, patterned behaviour in the series'. The "prewhitened" series' were then regressed from a twelve month lead through to a twelve month lag interval. This resulted in 300 correlations.
The findings were very conservative, with only 13 significant correlations. The interpretation of this was based on patterns of correlation, consistency across lags and between similar variables. There did not appear to be any consistency in the significant findings. However, regression of unprewhitened series' showed very significant correlations. This lead the researcher to the conclusion that the modelling process removed whatever features were producing the correlation. This suggests, due to the nature of the modelling process, that some regular or very subtle pattern occurs within both the economic series' and the child abuse series'. Further research is needed to determine the nature of this pattern, and the degree of actual correlation it indicates, as opposed to a simple third variable explanation.Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
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Gaunaurd, Ignacio A. "The Comprehensive High-level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP): A Performance-based Assessment Instrument to Quantify High-level Mobility in Service Members with Traumatic Lower Limb Loss." Scholarly Repository, 2012. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/712.
Full textAbstract:
The psychometric properties of a new high-level mobility outcome measure for Service Members (SMs) with traumatic lower limb loss called the Comprehensive High-level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP) was developed in order objectively evaluate functional abilities and measure change in function throughout the rehabilitation process. The CHAMP was administered to a population of SMs with traumatic lower limb loss who were representative of those who have suffered limb loss in recent conflicts. In addition, a population of non-amputee Active Duty soldiers completed the CHAMP and provided normative data for high-level mobility and threshold levels of performance for those SMs with lower limb loss. A simple grading system, absent of floor and ceiling effects, generates a composite score providing a single numeric value representing the physical performance factors of high-level mobility in different plane of motion and under different conditions. The CHAMP was found to be a safe, reliable, valid, and responsive performance-based outcome measure of high-level mobility. It was found to have excellent interrater and test-retest reliability suggesting that it is a stable and repeatable measure of high-level mobility. Convergent construct validity and known group methods were utilized to establish the CHAMP as a valid measure of high-level mobility. Predictive models of CHAMP performance were established utilizing variables representing impairments of body structure and function and contextual factors by level of lower limb amputation. The CHAMP has the potential to be used for lower limb amputees throughout the rehabilitation process and could translate to the non-amputee population for assessment of high-level mobility capabilities.
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Teh, Keng Watt. "A comparative study of lower secondary mathematics textbooks from the Asia Pacific region." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17143.
Full textAbstract:
The rationale behind this study concerns the issues school administrators and teachers of expatriate students face over the progress and placement of the growing number of these students in mathematics classrooms in various countries brought about by the demographical changes occurring in this globalization era. This study aimed to present a method of examining lower secondary school mathematics textbooks with the purpose of evaluating students' expected past learning and comparing students' expected mathematics learning across the different curricula. It is anticipated that such an investigation will be of value to those responsible for the correct level of placement of these students.Six sets of textbooks from four countries on the Asia-Pacific rim, namely Australia, Brunei, China and Singapore, were selected for this study. The textbook content of each country was analyzed in terms of strand weighting and content details, and then coupled with information gained from interviews with teachers. This led to the findings which addressed the various issues raised.The findings facilitated a comparison of the learning paths offered by the various textbooks, fleshed out the differences and similarities of the various curricula and made available detailed comparisons of the textbooks' content in terms of topics covered. The analytical procedure of the examination of text content as presented in this study is itself a diagnostic technique for assessment of the students' past learning, which addressed the main objective of the study.The findings will be of interest to all who are interested in the mathematics taught in the countries involved.Outcomes will be particularly useful to curriculum planners and textbook writers as well as the administrators and teachers of International Schools and other schools enrolling expatriate students from these countries. The study offers a 'simplistic' way of evaluating textbooks to assess students' learning progress, and highlights the traits of the countries' curricula to provide a general idea of the mathematics ability expected from the expatriate students residing in these countries.
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Shami, Tehrani Tahereh. "Specialpedagogens roll." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-131814.
Full textAbstract:
The perspective of inclusion within the preschool and school system implies that children of the same age should be able to be taught together and participate in the same context despite their qualifications. Differences must be looked upon as a resource and the teaching process should be adapted to suit children’s needs rather than the children having to adapt to the environment. However, what does the inclusion of children with special needs actually look like within the preschool and school system? The aim of this study was to investigate which role the special educators play in the inclusion process. Also, to find out possible similarities and differences between their work in preschool compared to the lower level of compulsory school. Two principals and seven pedagogues from different educational fields, all working within the same school area, were interviewed. The results showed that the work of the special educators differed between the two educational systems. The work within the school system was more topic-oriented whereas the work within the preschool system emphasized on communication and interaction. There were however more similarities than differences. For example the way the special educators mapped the different needs of the children and how they cooperated with other pedagogues. All pedagogues and the principals were convinced that the special educators played an important role in encouraging inclusion.
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Lothrop, Nathan, Khaleel Hussaini, Dean Billheimer, and Paloma Beamer. "Community-level characteristics and environmental factors of child respiratory illnesses in Southern Arizona." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624712.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Lower respiratory illnesses (LRIs) and asthma are common diseases in children < 5 years of age. Few studies have investigated the relationships between multiple, home-based social and environmental risk factors and asthma and LRIs in children. Of those that have, none have focused exclusively on children < 5 years of age, who are more physiologically vulnerable and spend more time at home compared to older children. Further, no studies have done so at the community level. Methods: We modeled relationships between emergency department visits and hospitalization rates for asthma and LRIs for children < 5 years and geographic risk factors, including socio-economic and housing characteristics, ambient air pollution levels, and population density in Maricopa and Pima Counties, Arizona, from 2005 to 2009. We used a generalized linear model with a negative binomial observation distribution and an offset for the population of very young children in each tract. To reduce multicollinearity among predictors, socio-economic characteristics, and ambient air pollutant levels were combined into unit-less indices using the principal components analysis (PCA). Housing characteristics variables did not exhibit moderate-to-high correlations and thus were not included in PCA. Spatial autocorrelation among regression model residuals was assessed with the Global Moran's I test. Results: Following the regression analyses, almost all predictors were significantly related to at least one disease outcome. Lower socio-economic status (SES) and reduced population density were associated with asthma hospitalization rates and both LRI outcomes (p values < 0.001). After adjusting for differences between counties, Pima County residence was associated with lower asthma and LRI hospitalization rates. No spatial autocorrelation was found among multiple regression model residuals (p values > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study revealed complex, multi-factorial associations between predictors and outcomes. Findings indicate that many rural areas with lower SES have distinct factors for childhood respiratory diseases that require further investigation. County-wide differences in maternal characteristics or agricultural land uses (not tested here) may also play a role in Pima County residence protecting against hospitalizations, when compared to Maricopa County. By better understanding this and other relationships, more focused public health interventions at the community level could be developed to reduce and better control these diseases in children < 5 years, who are more physiologically vulnerable.
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LaFever, David Howard. "Population modeling in conservation planning of the Lower Keys marsh rabbit." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4402.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid development and urbanization of the Lower Florida Keys in the last 30
years has fragmented the habitat of the Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris
hefneri) and threatened it with extinction. Current threats exist at multiple
spatiotemporal scales and include threats due to development, invasive species, and
global climate change. On Boca Chica Key, the Lower Keys marsh rabbit (LKMR)
exists as a metapopulation on Naval Air Station-Key West (NASKW). I conducted a
population viability analysis to determine the metapopulation's risk of extinction under
multiple management scenarios by developing a spatially-explicit, stage-structured,
stochastic matrix model using the programs RAMAS Metapop and ArcGIS. These
management scenarios include clearance of airfield vegetation, habitat conversion, and
control of feral cats as an invasive species. Model results provided the Navy with
relative risk estimates under these different scenarios. Airfield clearance with habitat
conversion increased extinction risk, but when coupled with feral cat control, risk was
decreased.
Because of the potential of sea-level rise due to human-induced global climate
change, and its projected impact on the biodiversity of the Florida Keys, I estimated the impacts of rising sea levels on LKMR across its geographic distribution under scenarios
of no, low (0.3m), medium (0.6m), and high (0.9m) sea-level rise. I also investigated
impacts due to 2 treatments (allowing vegetation to migrate upslope and not allowing
migration), and 2 land-use planning decisions (protection and abandonment of humandominated
areas). Not surprisingly, under both treatments and both land-use planning
decisions, I found a general trend of decreasing total potential LKMR habitat with
increasing sea-level rise. Not allowing migration and protecting human-dominated areas
both tended to decrease potential LKMR habitat as compared with allowing migration
and abandoning human-dominated areas. In conclusion, conservation strategies at
multiple scales need to be implemented in order to reduce threats to LKMR, such as
development, invasive species, and global climate change.