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1
Lee, Shih-Wei [Verfasser], and James [Akademischer Betreuer] Nebelsick. "A revision of the orders Blattaria, Manodea and Orthoptera (Insecta) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Northeast Brazil / Shih-Wei Lee ; Betreuer: James Nebelsick." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1162699663/34.
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Lindroth, Olof. "A random formula lower bound for ordered DLL extended with local symmetry recognition /." Uppsala, 2004. http://www.math.uu.se/research/pub/Lindroth1.pdf.
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Greenidge, Dion DaCosta. "An empirical analysis of the representation of lower-order facets of the big five personality dimensions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13627/.
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In the field of personality psychology there is some consensus among researchers that human personality, at the broadest level, can be described in terms of five fundamental personality dimensions. Universally, these personality dimensions are referred to as the “Big Five” model or the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality: Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability versus Neuroticism, and Intellect or Openness to Experience. However, currently, there is little conceptual or empirical consensus about a meaningful taxonomy of lower-order facets that make up each of the Big Five personality factors. This thesis sought to identify a parsimonious and replicable taxonomy of lower-order facets of the Big Five personality factors, and test the lower-order facet structure for construct and criterion-related validity. Based on the US Eugene-Springfield community sample (ESCS) (N =375), Study 1 examined facet scale scores from nine widely used personality inventories using Exploratory Factor Analysis in order to identify a shared overall lower-order structure for each of the Big Five personality domains. Factor analyses of 162 facet scales revealed 29 facets for the Big Five which demonstrated good convergent validity. However, some facets (e.g. traditionalism, peacefulness, trust) showed less clear patterns of discriminant validity, and thus appear to be compound traits or blends of two or more Big Five factors. In Study 2, a new 232-item Big Five instrument, the Hierarchical Personality Assessment Questionnaire (HPAQ), was developed to measure the 29 lower-order facets derived in Study 1. In the development phase of HPAQ, the factor scores for the 29 facets from Study 1 were correlated with the International Item Pool (Goldberg, 1999) in order to generate an initial pool of items. An initial pool of 348 IPIP items to mark the 29 facets was then administered to a large sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students at a University in the English-speaking Caribbean (N = 778) with the intention of choosing 8 items that best marked each of the facets. Additionally, the HPAQ was validated in a second sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students (N = 807) against the NEO-PIR and its psychometric properties were further examined. The development and validation of the HPAQ was a first step in moving towards Study 3. Study 3 investigated the differential criterion-related validity of the 29 HPAQ lower-order facets in the prediction of job performance criteria (task performance, counterproductive work behaviour, and organisational citizenship behaviours). In addition, the incremental validities of the 29 lower-order facets in the prediction of job performance criteria were also examined. Overall, Study 3 found that the 29 lower-order facets demonstrated differential criterion-related validity and provided incremental validity beyond the global Big Five factors in predicting the job performance criteria and vice versa. Overall, this thesis empirically derives an initial taxonomy of lower-order facets of the Big Five personality factors based on nine personality inventories and developed a new Big Five personality instrument to measure explicitly this lower-order facet structure. The theoretical and practical implications of these results, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Kessel, Benjamin J. "Lower Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy, Deposystems and Paleogeography of Northwestern Ordos Basin, North China." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6743.
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The Ordos basin rests upon the North China Block and is one of the largest sedimentary basins in north China, with more than 15 km of Phanerozoic strata. Published estimates suggest that over 2000 m of carbonates and lesser amounts of siliciclastics were deposited on the North China Carbonate Platform (NCCP) from the Lower Can1brian through the Middle Ordovician. However, lower Paleozoic facies successions and deposystems of northwestern Ordos basin remain poorly represented in western literature. This paper constrains depositional environments, lithologies, facies relationships and sea-level history of the northwestern part of the North China block (NCB) in an effort to further document the Early Paleozoic geologic history of western Ordos basin. New stratigraphic data come largely from measured sections in the Zhuozi Shan and Helan Shan in northwest Ordos basin. Strata in the mountains of northwestern Ordos are divided into eleven lithofacies assemblages, distinguished by lithology, stacking patterns and sedimentary structures. Lithofacies assemblages in northwest Ordos are grouped into four lithostratigraphic units that make up the composite type section. Unit A is dominantly composed of shale and mudrock lithofacies, Unit B is dominantly composed of thin-bedded lime mudstone and banded and bioturbated lime mudstone to wackestone, Unit C is dominantly composed of quartz sandstone and dolostone and Unit D is dominantly composed of fossiliferous packstone. These four units were observed in all lower Paleozoic sections of the Helan Shan and Zhuozi Shan. Deposition of Middle Cambrian through lowermost Lower Ordovician strata in northwest Ordos basin occurred on a storm-influenced, mixed siliciclastic and carbonate, shallow-water ramp. Lateral trends in quartz sandstone, paleokarsts, thrombolites and section thickness suggest that accommodation space increased to the south. The depositional architecture changed in the Middle Ordovician to a carbonate shelf environment. The sea-level history of northwestern Ordos shows transgression through the Late Can1brian, regression in the Early Ordovician, followed by a Middle Ordovician transgression, corresponding with North American sea level signatures. Lower Paleozoic sections in northwestern Ordos basin are broadly similar to those previously described in western literature. However, based upon stratigraphic data, shoreline trends of the NCCP model are proved inapplicable to northwestern Ordos. There is no evidence for lower Paleozoic tectonics such as aulacogen-controlled subsidence and platform tilting as described by previous workers. The sea-level history interpreted for northwest Ordos basin is more similar to North American curves than to the North China Carbonate Platform model, suggesting a eustatic control on lithofacies stacking patterns in northwest Ordos basin.
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Ciria, Suárez Héctor 1979. "Computation of upper and lower bounds in limit analysis using second-order cone programming and mesh adaptivity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16655.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Limit analysis is relevant in many practical engineering areas such as the design of mechanical structures or the analysis of soil mechanics. Assuming a rigid, perfectly-plastic solid subject to a static load distribution, the problem of limit analysis consists of finding the minimum multiple of this load distribution that will cause the body to collapse. This collapse multiplier results from solving an infinite dimensional saddle point problem, where the internal work rate is maximized over an admissible set of stresses -defined by a yield condition- and minimized over the linear space of kinematically admissible velocities for which the external work rate equals the unity. When strong duality is applied to this saddle point problem, the well-known convex (and equivalent) static and kinematic principles of limit analysis arise. In this thesis, an efficient procedure to compute strict upper and lower bounds for the exact collapse multiplier is presented, with a formulation that explicitly considers the exact convex yield condition. The approach consists of two main steps. First, the continuous problem, under the form of the static principle, is discretized twice (one per bound) by means of different combinations of finite element spaces for the stresses and velocities. For each discretization, the interpolation spaces are chosen so that the attainment of an upper or a lower bound is guaranteed. The second step consists of solving the resulting discrete nonlinear optimization problems. Towards this end, they are reformulated into the canonical form of Second-order Cone Programs, which allows for the use of primal-dual interior point methods that optimally exploit the convexity and duality properties of the limit analysis
(cont.) model and guarantee global convergence to the optimal solutions. To exploit the fact that collapse mechanisms are typically highly localized, a novel method for adaptive meshing is introduced based on local bound gap measures and not on heuristic estimates. The method decomposes the total bound gap as the sum of positive elemental contributions from each element in the mesh, and refines only those elements which are responsible for the majority of the numerical error. Finally, stand-alone computational certificates that allow the bounds to be verified independently, without recourse to the original computer program, are also provided. This removes the uncertainty about the reliability of the results, which frequently undermines the utility of computational simulations. The efficiency of the methodology proposed is illustrated with several applications in plane stress and plane strain, demonstrating that it can be used in complex, realistic problems as a supplement to other models.
by Héctor Ciria Suárez.
S.M.
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Jeffrey, Brad Marquis. "Rift basin-fill architecture of fluvial-lacustrine Lower Permian Lucaogou and Hongyanchi low-order cycles, Bogda mountains, NW China." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5530.
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Rapid lateral facies and thickness changes, autogenic processes, and irregular topography of nonmarine rift basins challenge the application of traditional marine sequence stratigraphic techniques. Stratigraphic architecture may be reconstructed with a process-based approach, using interpreted climatic and tectonic controlling processes on sedimentation in addition to observable attributes to correlate sedimentary cycles. This hypothesis is tested for Lower Permian Lucaogou and Hongyanchi low-order cycles (LCs) in the Tarlong-Taodonggou half graben, using outcrop and petrographic data. The exposed graben fill covers 88 km². Depositional environments and controlling sedimentary processes were interpreted on five measured sections, 0.2 – 5 km apart. Microscopic and X-ray Diffraction data on grain composition and texture substantiate field interpretations and minimize stratigraphic miscorrelation. Humid to arid climatic conditions were interpreted using climate-sensitive lithologies, such as paleosols; tectonic movements were interpreted in terms of source area uplift, basin subsidence, and spill-point movement. The Lucaogou-Hongyanchi LC boundary (LCB) separates uppermost Lucaogou fluctuating profundal lacustrine high-order cycles (HC) from basal Hongyanchi fluvial-deltaic HCs, indicating drastic environmental change. The LCB is an erosional unconformity across which the type and magnitude of facies shifts varies greatly across the half-graben. A process based sequence-stratigraphic reconstruction across the LCB enables reconstruction of the three dimensional distribution of lithofacies across the boundary, and provides insights to the potential causes for drastic environmental change. A better understanding of the nature and origins of the LCB may be applicable to other similar nonmarine rift basins.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Geology
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Gainey, Kristin Elisabeth Naragon. "A lower order structural examination of the neuroticism/negative emotionality domain: relations with internalizing symptoms and selected clinical traits." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2703.
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The study of how personality traits relate to psychopathology has flourished in the past three decades, with strong evidence for systematic links between personality and psychological disorders. Great progress has been made in our understanding of the associations between broad traits and the mood and anxiety disorders (or internalizing disorders). In particular, it is clear that the broad trait neuroticism/negative emotionality (N/NE; stress reactivity and a tendency to experience negative emotions) is moderately to strongly associated with all of the internalizing disorders, both concurrently and longitudinally. However, researchers have noted the relative dearth of studies that examine associations with more narrow facet-level traits. The current study examined the relations of N/NE facets with six of the internalizing disorders (i.e., depression, GAD, PTSD, social anxiety, panic, and OCD). The above symptoms were expected to load on to two higher order factors (fear and distress). Based on pilot analyses, a five-factor model for N/NE was hypothesized, consisting of sadness, anxiety, angry hostility, mistrust, and dependency. In addition, stress vulnerability marked the shared variance among these facets. I also examined associations between the disorders and four clinical traits (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, perfectionism, and intolerance of uncertainty) that are related to N/NE. Finally, I analyzed the associations of the N/NE facets and clinical traits with heterogeneous symptom dimensions within PTSD and OCD. Self-report and clinical interview data were collected from a college student sample (N = 373) and a psychiatric outpatient sample (N = 252; an additional 44 patients completed self-report measures only), with multiple measures of each internalizing disorder and personality trait described above. Structural equation modeling was used to remove shared variance among the six disorders and among the traits, allowing for the examination of relations across the unique variances of each construct. The hypothesized N/NE model provided a good fit to the data in both samples, as did the hypothesized psychopathology structure in the patient sample. However, markers of depression, panic, PTSD, and GAD were indistinguishable in the student sample and were therefore collapsed into a single factor. The results of the current study delineated unique patterns of association for each of the internalizing symptoms (as well as symptom dimensions within OCD and PTSD) in reference to the N/NE facets and clinical traits, highlighting shared and specific trait contributors. There was also evidence that all four clinical traits (as well as their subscales) are not redundant with N/NE and are differentially associated with the internalizing psychopathology examined here.
The results of the current study helped clarify personality-psychopathology relations within a large network of traits and symptoms, while also controlling for the extensive overlap among these constructs. As such, implications for taxonomy, differential assessment, and structural models in these domains are discussed. Future research should focus on expanding this model to other traits and disorders, utilizing other methods of assessment such as informant data, and striving to delineate underlying mediating factors that may account for the pattern of associations found between traits and symptoms in the current study.
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Carrasco, Hugo Alexandre Sacristão. "Higher order boundary value problems on unbounded intervals." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21093.
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The relative scarcity of results that guarantee the existence of solutions
for BVP on unbounded domains, contrasts with the high applicability
on real problems of differential equations defined on the
half-line or on the whole real line. It is this gap the main reason that
led to this work.
The differential equations studied vary from second order to higher
orders and they can be discontinuous on time. Different types of
boundary conditions will be discussed herein, for example, Sturm-
Liouville, homoclinic, Lidstone and functional conditions.
The non-compactness of the time interval and the possibility of
study unbounded functions will require the redefinition of the admissible
Banach spaces. In fact the space considered and the functional
framework assumed define the set of admissible solutions
for each problem under a main goal: the functions must remain
bounded for the space and the norm in consideration. This is achieved
by defining some weight functions (polynomial or exponential) in
the space or assuming some asymptotic behavior.
In addition to the existence, solutions will be localized in a strip.
The lower and upper solutions method will play an important role,
and combined with other tools like the one-sided Nagumo growth
conditions, Green’s functions or Schauder’s fixed point theorem, provide
the existence and location results for differential equations with
various boundary conditions.
Different applications to real phenomena will be presented, most
of them translated into classical equations as Duffing, Bernoulli-Eulerv.
Karman, Fisher-Kolmogorov, Swift-Hohenberg, Emden-Fowler or
Falkner-Skan-type equations.
All these applications have a common denominator: they are defined
in unbounded intervals and the existing results in the literature
are scarce or proven only numerically in discrete problems; RESUMO:
Problemas de valor na fronteira de ordem superior em
intervalos não limitados
A relativa escassez de resultados que garantam a existência de
soluções para problemas de valor na fronteira, em domínios ilimitados,
contrasta com a alta aplicabilidade em problemas reais de
equações diferenciais definidas na semi reta ou em toda a reta real.
É esta lacuna o principal motivo que conduziu a este trabalho. As
equações diferenciais estudadas variam da segunda ordem a ordens
superiores e podem ser descontínuas no tempo. As condições de
fronteira aqui analisadas são de diferentes tipos, nomeadamente,
Sturm - Liouville, homoclínicas, Lidstone e condições funcionais.
A não compacidade do intervalo de tempo e a possibilidade de
estudar funções ilimitadas, exigirá a redefinição dos espaços de Banach
admissíveis. Na verdade, o espaço considerado e o quadro funcional
assumido define o conjunto de soluções admissíveis para cada
problema sob um objetivo principal: as funções devem permanecer
limitadas para o espaço e norma considerados. Isto é conseguido
através da definição de algumas "funções de peso" (polinomiais ou
exponenciais) no espaço considerado ou assumindo um comportamento
assintótico. Além da existência, as soluções serão localizadas
numa faixa. O método da sub e sobre-soluções irá desempenhar aqui
um papel importante e, combinado com outras ferramentas como a
condição unilateral de Nagumo, as funções de Green ou o teorema
de ponto fixo de Schauder, fornecem a existência e localização de
soluções para equações diferenciais com diversas condições de fronteira.
Apresentam-se também diferentes aplicações a fenómenos reais, a
maioria deles traduzidos para equações clássicas como as equações
de Duffing, Bernoulli-Euler-v.Karman, Fisher-Kolmogorov, Swift -
Hohenberg, Emden-Fowler ou ainda Falkner-Skan. Todas estas aplicações
têm um denominador comum: são definidas em intervalos
ilimitados e os resultados existentes na literatura são raros ou estão
provados apenas numericamente em problemas discretos.
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Briggs, Kristen Phelps. "Establising a high-frequency standard reference sequence stratigraphy, sea-level curve, and biostratigraphy for Morrowan strata of the Lower Absaroka I time slice based upon the Bird Spring Formation, Arrow Canyon, Nevada." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/301.
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For the same reasons which prompted its ratification in 1990 as the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Mid-Carboniferous boundary, namely, section completeness, abundant fossils, and excellent exposure, the Morrowan Arrow Canyon Bird Spring strata is recommended as a candidate standard sequence stratigraphic reference for the Morrowan portion of the Lower Absaroka I supersequence. The stratigraphic architecture of Morrowan strata in Arrow Canyon was largely controlled by high-amplitude (100-m), high-frequency sea-level changes. Outcrop data and facies stacking patterns define 59 fifth-order fundamental cycles. These fundamental cycles stack into ten third-order sequences with an average duration of 320 ka. Changes in both cycle thickness and fundamental cycle type indicate that the second-order sea-level curve of Golonka and Keissling for the Lower Absaroka Ia supersequence should be modified to reflect rising sea-level from the Mid-Carboniferous boundary with maximum flooding conditions ~120 to 135 meters above the Mid-Carboniferous boundary, followed by falling sea-level to ~6 meters below the Morrowan-Atokan boundary in Arrow Canyon. Additionally, cycle diagnostic conodonts and foraminifera permit correlation of selected third-order sequences to basins containing time-equivalent strata.
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Silva, Marcos Vinicius Dias da. "Variação das assembleias de invertebrados em riachos com diferentes graus de conservação pertencentes à sub-bacia do Ribeirão Marmelos, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/819.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a variação das assembleias de invertebrados em riachos com diferentes graus de conservação pertencentes à sub-bacia do Ribeirão Marmelos, Rio Paraibuna, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A dissertação esta dividida em duas seções: a primeira trata de avaliar assembleias de invertebrados em mesohabitats de remanso e corredeiras em nove riachos com diferentes graus de conservação; a segunda aborda a variação nas assembleias na estação seca e chuvosa em riachos com diferentes graus de conservação. Para realização do estudo da primeira seção foram utilizados os dados da estação seca de remansos e corredeiras; já a segunda seção compreende as amostras de corredeiras obtidas nos dois períodos. Foram registrados em todo o estudo cinquenta e três mil setecentos e noventa e quatro invertebrados aquáticos, distribuídos em quarenta e cinco amostras de corredeira e quarenta e cinco amostras de remanso na estação seca, e quarenta e cinco amostras de corredeira no período das chuvas. Os mesohabitats de corredeira foram caracterizados pela maior influência da velocidade e disponibilidade de substrato grosseiro, menores valores de largura e profundidade. Já o remanso foi caracterizado pela deposição de frações de areia ultrafina e pela maior largura e profundidade. Os resultados obtidos permitem ampliar o conhecimento de ecossistemas de riachos e como as características do entorno influenciam na distinção dos mesohabitats de corredeira e remanso e na fauna de invertebrados associados, e por vez na riqueza e diversidade dos taxa. A partir dos resultados da primeira seção foi possível concluir que modificações nas características naturais de riachos de baixa ordem como a retirada de vegetação riparia acarretam em perdas na heterogeneidade de habitats e da diversidade faunística. Os resultados da segunda seção permitiram concluir que ambientes com diferentes usos da terra são influenciados de maneira diferente aos eventos de chuva. Atribuímos a presença da vegetação ciliar como principal componente do sistema, influenciando na estabilidade dos habitat dos organismos e na regulação térmica. Os resultados obtidos nesta dissertação vêm contribuir de forma importante para o conhecimento sobre como ambientes com diferentes estados de conservação influenciam nas características dos mesohabitats e como estes são influenciados pela estação chuvosa.
This study focused on the variation of the assemblies of invertebrates in streams with different degrees of conservation belonging to the subbasin of Ribeirão Marmelos, Rio Paraibuna , Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dissertation is divided into two sections: the first deals with evaluating assemblies of invertebrates in mesohabitats backwater and rapids in nine streams with different degrees of conservation; the second addresses the variation in assemblies in dry and rainy seasons in streams with different degrees of conservation. Data were used in the dry season of backwaters and rapids to conduct the study in the first section; already the second section comprises the rapids samples obtained in both periods. Were recorded throughout the study fifty-three thousand seven hundred and ninety-four aquatic invertebrates , over forty-five samples of rapids and forty-five samples of backwater in the dry season , and forty- five samples of rapids in the rainy season . The mesohabitats rapids were characterized by the greatest influence on the speed and availability of coarse substrate, lower values of width and depth. Have backwater was characterized by deposition of ultrafine fractions of sand and greater width and depth. The results widened the knowledge of ecosystems and streams as the characteristics of the environment influence the distinction of mesohabitats rapids and pools and associated invertebrate fauna, and once in the richness and diversity of taxa. From the results of the first section it was concluded that changes in the natural characteristics of low-order streams such as the removal of riparian vegetation lead to losses in habitat heterogeneity and faunal diversity. The results of the second section showed that environments with different land uses are influenced differently to the way rain events. We attribute the presence of riparian vegetation as the main component of the system, influencing the stability of the habitat of organisms and thermal regulation. The results obtained in this work have been contributing significantly to the understanding of how environments with different conservation influence the characteristics of mesohabitats and how these are influenced by the rainy season.
11
Mbah, Alfred Kubong. "On the theory of records and applications." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002216.
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Lee, Haewon. "Nolinear Evolution Equations and Optimization Problems in Banach Spaces." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1127498683.
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Oschatz, M., Deelen T. W. van, J. L. Weber, W. S. Lamme, G. Wang, B. Goderis, O. Verkinderen, A. I. Dugulan, and Jong K. P. de. "Effects of calcination and activation conditions on ordered mesoporous carbon supported iron catalysts for production of lower olefins from synthesis gas." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30312.
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Lower C2–C4 olefins are important commodity chemicals usually produced by steam cracking of naphtha or fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil. The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins (FTO) with iron-based catalysts uses synthesis gas as an alternative feedstock. Nanostructured carbon materials are widely applied as supports for the iron nanoparticles due to their weak interaction with the metal species, facilitating the formation of catalytically active iron carbide. Numerous synthetic approaches towards carbon-supported FTO catalysts with various structures and properties have been published in recent years but structure-performance relationships remain poorly understood. We apply ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) as a support material with well-defined pore structure to investigate the relationships between calcination/activation conditions and catalytic properties. After loading of iron and sodium/sulfur as the promoters, the structures and properties of the FTO catalysts are varied by using different calcination (300–1000 °C) and activation (350 or 450 °C) temperatures followed by FTO testing at 1 bar, 350 °C, H2/CO = 1. Carbothermal reduction of iron oxides by the support material occurs at calcination temperatures of 800 or 1000 °C, leading to a higher ratio of catalytically active iron(carbide) species but the catalytic activity remains low due to particle growth and blocking of the catalytically active sites with dense graphite layers. For the samples calcined at 300 and 500 °C, the formation of non-blocked iron carbide can be enhanced by activation at higher temperatures, leading to higher catalytic activity. Olefin selectivities of ∼60%C in the formed hydrocarbons with methane of ∼10%C are achieved for all catalysts under FTO conditions at low CO conversion. The influence of the calcination temperature is further investigated under industrially relevant FTO conditions. Promoted CMK-3-supported catalysts obtained at low calcination temperatures of 300–500 °C show stable operation for 140 h of time on stream at 10 bar, 340 °C, H2/CO = 2.
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Oschatz, M., Deelen T. W. van, J. L. Weber, W. S. Lamme, G. Wang, B. Goderis, O. Verkinderen, A. I. Dugulan, and Jong K. P. de. "Effects of calcination and activation conditions on ordered mesoporous carbon supported iron catalysts for production of lower olefins from synthesis gas." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-224310.
Full textAbstract:
Lower C2–C4 olefins are important commodity chemicals usually produced by steam cracking of naphtha or fluid catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil. The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins (FTO) with iron-based catalysts uses synthesis gas as an alternative feedstock. Nanostructured carbon materials are widely applied as supports for the iron nanoparticles due to their weak interaction with the metal species, facilitating the formation of catalytically active iron carbide. Numerous synthetic approaches towards carbon-supported FTO catalysts with various structures and properties have been published in recent years but structure-performance relationships remain poorly understood. We apply ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) as a support material with well-defined pore structure to investigate the relationships between calcination/activation conditions and catalytic properties. After loading of iron and sodium/sulfur as the promoters, the structures and properties of the FTO catalysts are varied by using different calcination (300–1000 °C) and activation (350 or 450 °C) temperatures followed by FTO testing at 1 bar, 350 °C, H2/CO = 1. Carbothermal reduction of iron oxides by the support material occurs at calcination temperatures of 800 or 1000 °C, leading to a higher ratio of catalytically active iron(carbide) species but the catalytic activity remains low due to particle growth and blocking of the catalytically active sites with dense graphite layers. For the samples calcined at 300 and 500 °C, the formation of non-blocked iron carbide can be enhanced by activation at higher temperatures, leading to higher catalytic activity. Olefin selectivities of ∼60%C in the formed hydrocarbons with methane of ∼10%C are achieved for all catalysts under FTO conditions at low CO conversion. The influence of the calcination temperature is further investigated under industrially relevant FTO conditions. Promoted CMK-3-supported catalysts obtained at low calcination temperatures of 300–500 °C show stable operation for 140 h of time on stream at 10 bar, 340 °C, H2/CO = 2.
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Mohamed, Nadia. "An investigation of early childhood caries in the lower socio-economic areas surrounding Tygerberg Oral Health Centre in order to plan a community appropriate intervention strategy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95833.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The long waiting lists for general anaesthesia and sedation services for children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) at the Tygerberg Oral Health Centre highlighted the problem of ECC in this area. This was confirmed by a retrospective study of patient records at the Centre. ECC is largely caused by a combination of lifestyle factors, especially feeding and oral hygiene practices. Socio-economic status and parental factors such as education and employment have also been shown to play a role in the development of ECC. In order to address this problem, a study was designed to determine the prevalence of ECC in children from the lower socio-economic communities which drain to the Tygerberg Oral Health Centre and assess the knowledge of the caregivers of these children. A total of 659 children were examined at crèches and schools as well as community health clinics. The children examined at the clinics accompanied others and did not have any health reason for the visit themselves. As the aetiology is largely behaviour-driven and children are dependent on their caregivers to meet their basic needs, 366 caregivers attending the community health clinics with their children, were interviewed to determine their practices and knowledge of oral health. A total of 83 health care workers at these clinics were also interviewed to assess their knowledge of oral health matters and determine the role that they can play in the prevention of this disease. A cross-sectional community survey was carried out by means of clinical assessments and structured interviews with the aid of questionnaires. The survey was divided into 3 parts: 1. Prevalence of ECC amongst the children 2. Knowledge of the caregivers about oral health care 3. Knowledge of health care workers at the clinics in these communities about ECC The prevalence study revealed that 71.6% of children in the study population presented with caries. This is extremely high and highlights the need for serious interventions. Parents/ caregivers were shown to be ill-informed regarding their children’s oral health care needs which include dietary and oral hygiene practices as well as how this disease can be prevented. It is clear that caregivers need to be educated regarding feeding practices, weaning time, dietary content and the importance of basic oral health. The importance of preserving the primary dentition and regular dental attendance also needs to be emphasized in this community where dental health does not seem to be a priority. Health care workers such as nurses who come into contact with children from an early age would be the ideal vehicle to impart this information. However, as revealed from the results of this study, there is a serious lack of knowledge amongst these professionals regarding oral health matters. Time and resources therefore have to be invested to improve their knowledge and lessen their load so that more emphasis can be placed on prevention. Small changes can make a big difference towards addressing the burden of this disease on the health care system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die lang waglyste vir algemene narkose en sedasiedienste vir kinders met Vroeë Kinderkaries (VKK) by die Tygerberg Mondgesondheid Sentrum het die probleem van VKK in die area uitgelig. Dit is bevestig deur 'n retrospektiewe studie van pasiënterekords by die Sentrum. VKK word grootliks veroorsaak deur 'n kombinasie van lewenstyl- faktore, veral voeding en mondhigiëne praktyke. Daar is ook aangetoon dat sosio-ekonomiese status en ouerlike faktore soos opvoeding en werkstatus 'n rol speel in die ontwikkeling van VKK. In 'n poging om hierdie probleem aan te spreek is 'n studie onderneem om die prevalensie van VKK in kinders van laer sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe wat van die Tygerberg Mondgesondheid Sentrum gebruikmaak te bepaal. Die kennis van mondgesondheid van die vernaamste toesighouers van die kinders in die studie is ook bepaal. 'n Totaal van 659 kinders is by crèches en skole sowel as gemeenskapsklinieke ondersoek. Die kinders wat by die klinieke ondersoek is, het nie self 'n gesondheidsrede vir die besoek gehad nie maar het saam met ander mense gekom. Die etiologie van VKK word hoofsaaklik deur gedrag gedryf en kinders is van hulle toesighouers afhanklik vir hulle basiese behoeftes. Dus is 366 toesighouers wat gemeenskapsklinieke besoek het ondervra oor hulle praktyke en kennis rakende mondgesondheid. 'n Totaal van 83 gesondheidswerkers by die klinieke is ook ondervra oor hulle kennis van mondgesondheid om die rol wat hulle kan speel in die voorkoming van hierdie siekte te ondersoek. 'n Dwarsdeursnit gemeenskaps-opname is uitgevoer deur middel van kliniese ondesoeke en gestruktureerde onderhoude met behulp van vraelyste. Die opname is in drie dele aangepak: 1. Prevalensie van VKK onder die kinders 2. Kennis van die toesighouers oor mondgesondheidsorg 3. Kennis van gesondheidsorgwerkers by die klinieke in hierdie gemeenskappe oor VKK Die prevalensiestudie het getoon dat 71% van kinders in die studiepopulasie karies gehad het. Dit is baie hoog en het die behoefte aan ernstige ingryping beklemtoon. Ouers/ toesighouers het geblyk om baie swak ingelig te wees oor hulle kinders se mondgesondheid-behoeftes wat dieet- en mondhigiëne praktyke ingesluit het, asook hoe die siekte voorkom kan word. Dit is duidelik dat versorgers onderrig moet word oor voedingspraktyke, die beste tyd vir soog, dieetinhoud en die belang van basiese mondgesondheid. Die belang van die behoud van primêre dentisie en gereelde tandsorgafsprake behoort ook in hierdie geneemskappe beklemtoon te word, gesien in die lig van die lae prioriteit wat hierdie gemeenskappe op mondgesondheid plaas. Gesondheidsorgwerkers soos verpleegpersoneel wat reeds in kontak kom met hierdie kinders op 'n jong ouderdom is die ideale persone om sulke inligting te versprei. Dit het egter uit die studie geblyk dat daar 'n ernstige gebrek aan kennis by hierdie professionele persone bestaan oor mondgesondheid. Tyd en hulpbronne sal belê moet word en hulle werkslading verlig moet word om hulle kennis te verbeter sodat meer klem op voorkoming gelê kan word. Klein veranderinge kan 'n groot verskil maak om hierdie siektelas op die gesondheidsorgstelsel te verlig.
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Farquharson, Maree Louise. "Estimating the parameters of polynomial phase signals." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16312/.
Full textAbstract:
Nonstationary signals are common in many environments such as radar, sonar, bioengineering and power systems. The nonstationary nature of the signals found in these environments means that classicalspectralanalysis techniques are notappropriate for estimating the parameters of these signals. Therefore it is important to develop techniques that can accommodate nonstationary signals. This thesis seeks to achieve this by firstly, modelling each component of the signal as having a polynomial phase and by secondly, developing techniques for estimating the parameters of these components. Several approaches can be used for estimating the parameters of polynomial phase signals, eachwithvarying degrees ofsuccess.Criteria to consider in potential estimation algorithms are (i) the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio threshold of the algorithm, (ii) the amount of computation required for running the algorithm, and (iii) the closeness of the resulting estimates' mean-square errors to the minimum theoretical bound. These criteria will be used to compare the new techniques developed in this thesis with existing techniques. The literature on polynomial phase signal estimation highlights the recurring trade-off between the accuracy of the estimates and the amount of computation required. For example, the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method provides near-optimal estimates above threshold, but also incurs a heavy computational cost for higher order phase signals. On the other hand, multi-linear techniques such as the high-order ambiguity function (HAF) method require little computation, but have a significantly higher SNR threshold than the ML method. Of the existing techniques, the cubic phase (CP) function method is a promising technique because it provides an attractive SNR threshold and computational complexity trade-off. For this reason, the analysis techniques developed in this thesis will be derived from the CP function. A limitation of the CP function is its inability to accurately process phase orders greater than three. Therefore, the first novel contribution to this thesis develops a broadened class of discrete-time higher order phase (HP)functions to address this limitation.This broadened class is achieved by providing a multi-linear extension of the CP function. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to demonstrate the statistical advantage of the HP functions compared to the HAFs. A first order statistical analysis of the HP functions is presented. This analysis verifies the simulation results. The next novel contribution is a technique called the lower SNR cubic phase function (LCPF)method. It is an extension of the CP function, with the extension enabling performance at lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The improvement of the SNR threshold's performance is achieved by coherently integrating the CP function over a compact interval in the two-dimensional CP function space. The computation of the new algorithm is quite moderate, especially when compared to the ML method. Above threshold, the LCPF method's parameter estimates are asymptotically efficient. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented and a threshold analysis of the algorithm closely predicts the thresholds observed in these results. The next original contribution to this research involves extending the LCPF method so that it is able to process multicomponent cubic phase signals and higher order phase signals. The LCPF method is extended to higher orders by applying a windowing technique as opposed to adjusting the order of the kernel as implemented in the HP function method. To demonstrate the extension of the LCPF method for processing higher order phase signals and multicomponent cubic phase signals, some Monte Carlo simulations are presented. Finally, these estimation techniques are applied to real-worldscenarios in the fields of Power Systems Analysis, Neuroethology and Speech Analysis.
17
Sousa, Robert de. "Sistemas de equações diferenciais não lineares de ordem superior em domínios limitados ou não limitados." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25396.
Full textAbstract:
The Boundary value problems on bounded or unbounded intervals, involving two or more coupled systems of the nonlinear differen- tial equations with full nonlinearities are scarce and have gap in literature. The present work modestly try to fill this gap.
The systems covered in the work are essentially of the second- order (except for the first chapter of the first part) with boundary constraints either in bounded or unbounded intervals presented in several forms and conditions (three points, mixed, with functional dependence, homoclinic and heteroclinic).
The existence, and in some cases, the localization of the solu- tions is carried out in of Banach space and norms considered, fo- llowing arguments and approaches such as: Schauder’s fixed-point theorem or of Guo–Krasnosel’ski˘ı fixed-point theorem in cones, allied to Green’s function or its estimates, lower and upper solutions, convenient truncatures, the Nagumo condition presented in different forms, concept of equiconvergence, Carathéodory functions and sequences.
On the other hand, parallel to the theoretical explanation of this work, there is a range of practical examples and applications involving real phenomena, focusing on the physics, mechanics, bio- logy, forestry, and dynamical systems; A falta ou a raridade de problemas de valor fronteira na literatura, quer em dom´ınios limitados ou ilimitados, envolvendo sistemas de duas ou mais equações n˜ao lineares acopladas com todas as n˜ao linearidades completas, levou à elaboração do presente trabalho.
Os sistemas abordados no trabalho s˜ao essencialmente de segunda ordem (exceto o primeiro capítulo da primeira parte) com condições de fronteira em domínios limitados ou ilimitados, de diversos tipos (três pontos, mistas, com condições funcionais, homoclínicas e heteroclínicas).
A existência e em alguns casos a localização das soluções dos sistemas è considerada em espaços de Banach, seguindo vários ar- gumentos e abordagens: o teorema de ponto fixo de Schauder ou de Guo–Krasnosel’ski˘ı em cones, aliados a funções de Green ou suas estimativas, sub e sobre-soluções, truncaturas convenientes, a condição de Nagumo apresentada sob várias formas, o conceito de equiconvergência e funções e sucess˜oes de Carath´eodory.
Por outro lado, paralelamente àcomponente teórica do trabalho, encontra-se um leque de aplicações e exemplos práticos envolvendo fenómenos reais, com enfoque na física, mecânica, biologia, exploração florestal e sistemas dinâmicos
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Blanck, Sara. "När ämnen möts : En analys av samhällskunskapsämnets funktioner och karaktärer vid ämnesintegrerad undervisning." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för de samhällsvetenskapliga ämnenas didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33274.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the subject civics (social studies) in interaction with other subjects in interdisciplinary projects. By studying three different integrated projects in the grades 7-9, the study examines how subjects interact with one another. The aim of the study is to describe and analyze the character and function of civics in interdisciplinary projects. The results are used to discuss the relationship between subject and integration. In the world of education, there are two endeavors that may seem to counteract each other: on the one hand, focus on more clearly subject-specific knowledge and, on the other, the pursuit of cooperation and interaction between subjects in different forms of interdisciplinary organization of teaching and learning. Integration between subjects can be seen as an opportunity to address the complex problems and challenges of today's citizens in a changing global world. The results of the study describe three dynamic interdisciplinary projects that all contain a movement between different types of interaction between subjects with various degrees of integration. These types are predisciplinary, helping, correlated, shared and reconstructed. In addition, the study shows that civics in the three projects is emerging as an obvious main subject that aims to develop the pupils’ abilities to orientate (facts and concepts), analyze and discuss. So far integrated teaching appears to result in both what subject-specific teaching reaches and, moreover, it seems to form a synthesis knowledge that can be difficult to measure, but that relates to the main goals of the curriculum beyond subjects. These abilities to act can be used to describe the synthesized knowledge citizens need in order to act in the world.Baksidestext I denna studie av hur samhällskunskapsämnet tar sig uttryck i ämnesintegrerade projekt i grundskolans årskurs 7-9, undersöks de till synes motstående strävandena att dels fokusera ämnesspecifika kunskaper, dels ge utrymme för samspel och integration mellan ämnen. Resultaten visar en ömsesidig relation där ämne och ämnesintegration förutsätter varandra. Projekten innehåller en rörelse mellan olika typer av ämnessamspel – förvetenskapligt, hjälpande, sammankopplande, förenande, omskapande – med olika grad av integration mellan ämnen. Delar av projekten domineras av ämnesspecifika kunskaper där samhällskunskapsämnet framträder som tydligt huvudämne utifrån de ämnesdidaktiska profilerna orienteringsämne, analysämne och diskussionsämne. Andra delar av projekten domineras istället av integrerade synteskunskaper som relaterar till övergripande läroplansmål. Begreppet handlingsämne används för att beskriva denna syntetiserade kunskap medborgare behöver för att kunna agera i världen. Licentiatuppsatsen har skrivits inom CSD-FL, Forskarskolan för lärare i geografi, historia, religionskunskap och samhällskunskap, en särskild fortbildningssatsning för yrkesverksamma lärare. Centrum för de samhällsvetenskapliga ämnenas didaktik (CSD) vid Karlstads universitet har ansvarat för forskarskolan.
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Coskun, Korhan. "Three Dimensional Laminar Compressible Navier Stokes Solver For Internal Rocket Flow Applications." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609086/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A three dimensional, Navier-Stokes finite volume flow solver which uses Roe&rsquos upwind flux differencing scheme for spatial and Runge-Kutta explicit multi-stage time stepping scheme and implicit Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss Seidel (LU-SGS) iteration scheme for temporal discretization on unstructured and hybrid meshes is developed for steady rocket internal viscous flow applications. The spatial accuracy of the solver can be selected as first or second order. Second order accuracy is achieved by piecewise linear reconstruction. Gradients of flow variables required for piecewise linear reconstruction are calculated with both Green-Gauss and Least-Squares approaches. The solver developed is first verified against the three-dimensional viscous laminar flow over flat plate. Then the implicit time stepping algorithms are compared against two rocket motor internal flow problems. Although the solver is intended for internal flows, a test case involving flow over an airfoil is also given. As the last test case, supersonic vortex flow between concentric circular arcs is selected.
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Fialho, João Manuel Ferrão. "Existence, localization and multiplicity results for nonlinear and functional." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15248.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis several problems are addressed. The problems considered vary
from second order problems up to high order problems where generaliza-
tions to nth order are studied. Such problems range from problems without
functional dependence up to problems where the functional dependence is
featured both in the equation and on the boundary conditions.
Functional boundary conditions include most of the classical conditions
as multipoint cases, conditions with delay and/or advances, nonlocal or in-
tegral, with maximum or minimum arguments,... Existence, nonexistence,
multiplicity and localization results are then discussed in accordance with
these conditions.
The method used is the lower and upper solutions combined with di¤erent
techniques (degree theory, Nagumo condition, iterative technique, Green s
function) to obtain such results.
Several applications are studied such as the periodic oscillations of the
axis of a satellite and conjugate boundary value problems, to emphasize the
applicability of the method used; RESUMO:Nesta tese, intitulada em português, Resultados de existência, localiza-
ção e multiplicidade para problemas não lineares e funcionais de ordem su-
perior com valores na fronteira , diferentes problemas são abordados. Estes
problemas variam desde problemas de segunda ordem até problemas de or-
dem superior, onde generalizações de ordem n são feitas e onde os problemas
apresentados variam desde o caso em que não existe dependência funcional
até aos em que esta dependência funcional está presente tanto na equação
como nas condições de fronteira.
Sobre estas condições, que incluem a maioria das condições clássicas, re-
sultados de existência, não existência, multiplicidade e localização de solução
são discutidos de acordo com estas condições.
O método utilizado é o método da sub e sobre-solução combinado com
diferentes técnicas.
Várias aplicações são estudadas, nomeadamente as oscilações periódicas
do eixo de um satélite e problemas conjugados, de forma a dar ênfase à
aplicabilidade do método utilizado.
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Santilli, Virginia. "Mises en crise et (re)mises en ordre des circuits de financement du logement social en France et en Italie : les conceptions du social de 1947 à 2018." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0144.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse retrace l’histoire de deux organismes de logement social, l’un français, l’autre italien, depuis l’après deuxième guerre mondiale. Prenant appui sur les deux études de cas, ce travail cherche à remonter le fil des transformations des circuits de financement du logement social et des conceptions du social qui traversent les politiques publiques du logement françaises et italiennes. Le récit historique met au premier plan l’analyse des flux d’argent qui circulent au sein des organismes. Inspirée par les travaux de Zelizer, la thèse part du principe selon lequel l’argent n’est pas neutre mais est « marqué » par les acteurs entre lesquels ils circulent. Ses modalités de collecte, de distribution et d’usage reflètent des relations sociales, opèrent des distinctions, incarnent les représentations et valeurs des acteurs, matérialisent des rapports de domination. En suivant l’argent du logement social, nous proposons de construire une histoire qui explique les transformations des organismes au travers (1) des changements des flux d’argent qu’ils reçoivent - subventions à la construction, loyers, prêts, marchés financiers, aide à la personne, etc.- (2) des activités qui sont permises par cet argent - construction, vente, rénovation, gestion locative - et (3) des justifications qui les accompagnent - loger des ouvriers, résorber le chômage, soutenir le secteur immobilier, aménager la ville, etc. Nous illustrons comment se fabrique la « mise en crise » de circuits de financement. Les flux d’argent, activités et justifications peuvent faire l’objet d’intenses critiques qui entrainent la réduction voire la suppression du financement. En parallèle, de nouveaux flux peuvent prendre forme, se combiner et rendre possible une « remise en ordre » par la fabrication d’un nouveau circuit de financement. Il s’agit donc de refaire l’histoire des transformations des politiques du logement social par le bas sur le long terme. Enfin, nous montrons comment les circuits de financement des deux organismes s’inscrivent dans des conceptions du social. La comparaison diachronique des circuits a permis d’identifier au cours de l’enquête quatre conceptions du social successives – les conceptions du social insérée, dissociée, autofinancée et valorisée - qui façonnent de façon similaire les politiques du logement social dans deux contextes institutionnels pourtant contrastés.L’enquête s’appuie sur une immersion de quatre mois au sein de chaque organisme sous forme de stage. L’observation participante a facilité la collecte des rapports de gestion et des comptes économiques, fondamentaux à l’étude des flux de financement, complétée par la consultation des archives des administrations publiques en relation avec les deux organismes et l’étude de littérature grise publiée par les acteurs du logement social (n=253). En outre, une campagne d’entretiens auprès de dirigeants et employés des deux bailleurs étudiés a été réalisée, ainsi qu’auprès d’acteurs publics, d’associations représentantes des organismes et d’autres bailleurs sociaux (n=79)This thesis traces the history of two social housing association in France and Italy since the post-war period. Drawing on the two case studies this research examines the transformation in the financial circuits of social housing and the conceptions of the social that underlie French and Italian public housing policies. The historical narrative brings the analysis of flows of money within organizations to the forefront. Inspired by the research of Zelizer, this thesis is based on the hypothesis that money is not neutral but « earmarked » by the actors. Different modes of collection, distribution and use of money reflect social relations, produce distinctions, embody the representations and the moral values of the actors, and materialize relations of domination. Following the money of social housing policies, this thesis constructs the history of the two organisms by identifying changes in the money flows. I analyze (1) changes in the money flow, from subsidies for housing construction, rents, loans, financial markets, or tenants allowances, to (2) the activities that the money flows make possible such as construction, sale, renovation, rental management, and (3) how actors justify these changes, for instance by the housing of workers, reducing unemployment, boosting the real estate sector or urban planning, etc. This thesis shows how a particular circuit of social housing funding is « pushed into crisis ». The money flow and their justifications can be the subject of intense criticism, leading to the reduction or even elimination of funding. At the same time, new flows can take shape and make it possible to « put in order », to build, a new circuit of social housing funding. Therefore, this doctoral thesis contributes to an history of social housing policies, studied from the bottom up and over the long term. Finally, I show how the funding circuits of the two organizations rely on different conceptions of the social. The diachronic comparison of funding circuits reveals four successive conceptions of the social, the inserted, the dissociated, self-financed and the valued. In consecutive periods, they shape similarly the social housing policies in two contrasting institutional contexts. The study is based on a four-month immersion in both organizations in the form of an internship. Participatory observation also allowed for the collection of business reports and financial accounts, which are fundamental to the study of financial flows. The analysis of internal documents has been supplemented by researching the links of the two organizations in the archives of public administrations and the analysis of grey literature published by social housing stakeholders (n=253). In addition, I conducted interviews with managers and employees of the two social housing organisms, as well as with public actors, associations representing social housing associations and other social housing associations (n=79)
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Alenezi, Saleh. "Micropalaeontology, palaeoenvironments and sequence stratigraphy of the Sulaiy Formation of eastern Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9330.
Full textAbstract:
The Sulaiy Formation, which is the oldest unit in the Lower Cretaceous succession, is conformably overlain by the Yamama Formation and it is a challenge to identify the precise age of the two formations using foraminifera and other microfossil assemblages. In the eastern side of Saudi Arabia, the Sulaiy Formation and the base of Yamama Formation are poorly studied. The main objectives of this study is to enhance the understanding of the Sulaiy Formation sequence stratigraphical correlation, regional lateral variations and palaeoenvironmental investigation. Lithological and semi-quantitative micropalaeontological analysis of 1277 thin sections taken from core samples from nine cored wells providing a geographically representative distribution from the Saudi Arabian Gulf. These cores intersected the base of the Yamama Formation and the Sulaiy Formation in the total thickness of cored wells of 843.23 meters (2766.5 feet). On the evidence provided by the foraminifera, the Sulaiy Formation is considered to represent the Berriasian to the lowermost Valanginian. The investigation of the micropalaeontology has provided considerable insights into the biocomponents of Sulaiy and the base of Yamama formations in order to identify their biofacies. These microfossils include rotalid foraminifera, miliolid foraminifera, agglutinated foraminifera, calcareous algae, calcispheres, stromatoporoids, sponge spicules, problematica (e.g. Lithocodium aggregatum), molluscs, corals, echinoderms and ostracods. Systematics of planktic and benthic foraminifera is accomplished using the foraminiferal classification by Loeblich and Tappan (1988) as the main source. The assemblage contains foraminifera that recorded for the first time in the Sulaiy Formation. Other microfossils were identified and recorded to help in the identification of the sedimentary environments. The investigation of the micropalaeontology and the lithofacies analysis have provided evidence the identification of the various lithofacies. About twenty four microfacies were identified on the basis of their bio−component and non-skeletal grains. The lithofacies and the bio−component results have provided the evidence of the sedimentary palaeoenvironmental model namely the Arabian Rimmed Carbonate Platform. This palaeoenvironmental depositional model is characterised by two different platform regimes. They are the Platform Interior and the Platform Exterior each of which have unique sedimentary lithofacies zones that produce different types of lithofacies. Each lithofacies is characterised by special depositional conditions and palaeobathymetry that interact with sea level changes and the accommodation space. The important palaeoenvironments are intertidal, restricted lagoon (subtidal), open marine, deeper open marine, inner shoal, shoal and platform margin. Generating, and testing, a depositional model as a part of formulating a sequence stratigraphical interpretation of a region is a key to understanding its geological development and – ultimately – reservoir potential. The micropalaeontology and sedimentology of the Sulaiy Formation in the subsurface have indicated a succession of clearly defined shallowing−upwards depositional cycles. These typically commence with a deep marine biofacies with wackestones and packstones, capped with a mudstone-wackestone maximum flooding zone and an upper unit of packstone to grainstones containing shallow marine biofacies. The upper part of the Sulaiy Formation is highstand-dominated with common grainstones that host the Lower Ratawi reservoir which is capped by karst that defines the sequence boundary. This karst is identified by its abundant moldic porosity that enhanced the the reservoir quality by increasing its porosities into greater values. Integration of the sedimentology and micropalaeontology has yielded a succession of shoaling−upwards depositional cycles, considered to be 4th order sequences, that are superimposed on a large scale 3rd order system tract shallowing−upwards, highstand-associated sequence of the Sulaiy Formation. The Lower Ratawi Reservoir is located within the latest high-stand portion of a third-order Sulaiy Formation sequence. The reservoir consists of a succession of several sequences, each of which is sub-divided into a lower transgressive systems tract separated from the upper highstand systems tract by a maximum flooding surface (MFS/Z). The last of these depositional cycles terminates in beds of porous and permeable ooid, or ooidal-peloidal, grainstone. The reservoir is sealed by the finer-grained sediments of the Yamama Formation.
23
Heimberg, Lucas. "Complexity of Normal Forms on Structures of Bounded Degree." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19205.
Full textAbstract:
Normalformen drücken semantische Eigenschaften einer Logik durch syntaktische Restriktionen aus. Sie ermöglichen es Algorithmen, Grenzen der Ausdrucksstärke einer Logik auszunutzen. Ein Beispiel ist die Lokalität der Logik erster Stufe (FO), die impliziert, dass Graph-Eigenschaften wie Erreichbarkeit oder Zusammenhang nicht FO-definierbar sind. Gaifman-Normalformen drücken die Bedeutung einer FO-Formel als Boolesche Kombination lokaler Eigenschaften aus. Sie haben eine wichtige Rolle in Model-Checking Algorithmen für Klassen dünn besetzter Graphen, deren Laufzeit durch die Größe der auszuwertenden Formel parametrisiert ist. Es ist jedoch bekannt, dass Gaifman-Normalformen im Allgemeinen nur mit nicht-elementarem Aufwand konstruiert werden können. Dies führt zu einer enormen Parameterabhängigkeit der genannten Algorithmen. Ähnliche nicht-elementare untere Schranken sind auch für Feferman-Vaught-Zerlegungen und für die Erhaltungssätze von Lyndon, Łoś und Tarski bekannt.
Diese Arbeit untersucht die Komplexität der genannten Normalformen auf Klassen von Strukturen beschränkten Grades, für welche die nicht-elementaren unteren Schranken nicht gelten. Für diese Einschränkung werden Algorithmen mit elementarer Laufzeit für die Konstruktion von Gaifman-Normalformen, Feferman-Vaught-Zerlegungen, und für die Erhaltungssätze von Lyndon, Łoś und Tarski entwickelt, die in den ersten beiden Fällen worst-case optimal sind.
Wichtig hierfür sind Hanf-Normalformen. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine Erweiterung von FO durch unäre Zählquantoren genau dann Hanf-Normalformen erlaubt, wenn alle Zählquantoren ultimativ periodisch sind, und wie Hanf-Normalformen in diesen Fällen in elementarer und worst-case optimaler Zeit konstruiert werden können.
Dies führt zu Model-Checking Algorithmen für solche Erweiterungen von FO sowie zu Verallgemeinerungen der Algorithmen für Feferman-Vaught-Zerlegungen und die Erhaltungssätze von Lyndon, Łoś und Tarski.Normal forms express semantic properties of logics by means of syntactical restrictions. They allow algorithms to benefit from restrictions of the expressive power of a logic. An example is the locality of first-order logic (FO), which implies that properties like reachability or connectivity cannot be defined in FO. Gaifman's local normal form expresses the satisfaction conditions of an FO-formula by a Boolean combination of local statements. Gaifman normal form serves as a first step in fixed-parameter model-checking algorithms, parameterised by the size of the formula, on sparse graph classes. However, it is known that in general, there are non-elementary lower bounds for the costs involved in transforming a formula into Gaifman normal form. This leads to an enormous parameter-dependency of the aforementioned algorithms. Similar non-elementary lower bounds also hold for Feferman-Vaught decompositions and for the preservation theorems by Lyndon, Łoś, and Tarski. This thesis investigates the complexity of these normal forms when restricting attention to classes of structures of bounded degree, for which the non-elementary lower bounds are known to fail. Under this restriction, the thesis provides algorithms with elementary and even worst-case optimal running time for the construction of Gaifman normal form and Feferman-Vaught decompositions. For the preservation theorems, algorithmic versions with elementary running time and non-matching lower bounds are provided. Crucial for these results is the notion of Hanf normal form. It is shown that an extension of FO by unary counting quantifiers allows Hanf normal forms if, and only if, all quantifiers are ultimately periodic, and furthermore, how Hanf normal form can be computed in elementary and worst-case optimal time in these cases. This leads to model-checking algorithms for such extensions of FO and also allows generalisations of the constructions for Feferman-Vaught decompositions and preservation theorems.
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Pal, Terek. "Unapređenje kvaliteta alata za livenje pod pritiskom primenom tehnologija inženjerstva površina." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101472&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Proučavane su koroziona postojanost i tendencija lepljenja različitihmaterijala u kontaktu sa tečnom Al–Si–Cu legurom. Ispitivanjem suobuhvaćeni čelik za rad na toplo, plazma nitrirani čelik i dupleksslojevi sa CrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN i CrAlN prevlakama, različitog nivoapovršinske hrapavosti. Za ispitivanja pomenutih fenomenaprimenjena je metoda izvlačenja, koja je unapređena kako bi se povećalenjena tačnost i verodostojnost simulacije procesa livenja. Korozioniefekti su pojačani tako što su uzorci osim kratkog kontakta sa odlivkomzadržavani i u dužim periodima u kontaktu sa tečnom legurom (5 i 20min). Uprkos opštim stavovima, za ispitivane materijale jeustanovljeno da su sile izvlačenja uzoraka iz Al–Si–Cu odlivakanezavisne od njihovog hemijskog sastava. Uticaj hrapavosti je izraženkod uzoraka sa prevlakama kod kojih pri smanjenju hrapavosti dolazi dopovećanja sile izvlačenja. Sve ispitane prevlake su sklone mehaničkomlepljenju Al–Si–Cu legure za svoje površine, ali sa aspekta korozije utečnom metalu značajno prevazilaze performanse čelika i plazmanitriranog sloja. Duži kontakt livene legure sa površinama prevlakauzrokovao je niže vrednosti sila izvlačenja, što je posledicaoksidacije površina prevlaka. Ustanovljeno je da su ispitivaneprevlake inertne ka tečnoj leguri aluminijuma. Međutim, dolazi dooksidacije i korozije materijala podloge kroz greške rasta koje suprisutne u prevlakama. Stečena znanja o identifikovanimmehanizmima habanja i propadanja zaštitnih slojeva prevlakaposlužiće daljem razvoju dupleks slojeva namenjenih za zaštitu alataza livenje pod pritiskom.Corrosion resistance and soldering tendency of different materials in moltenAl–Si–Cu alloy were studied. Hot-working tool steel, plasma nitrided steel andduplex layers with CrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN and CrAlN top coatings, which wereproduced to various degree of surface roughness, were covered by the study.An ejection test was employed for investigation of the concerned phenomena.The ejection test was improved in order to increase its accuracy and thereliability of process simulation. Samples were examined in both short andextended periods of contact (5 and 20 min) with liquid casting. Castingsolidification was extended in order to intensify the corrosion effects. Contraryto common findings, it was found that the ejection force of the investigatedmaterials does not depend on their chemical composition. For the coatedsamples, a pronounced dependence of the ejection force on the surfaceroughness was found. The ejection force increases with decrease in surfaceroughness. All investigated coatings are prone to mechanical soldering by Al–Si–Cu alloy. Still, their corrosion resistance substantially exceeds the corrosionresistance of steel and plasma nitrided layer. Longer exposure of coatedsamples to cast alloy induced lower ejection forces, which is a consequenceof coatings oxidation. It was found that the investigated coatings are inert toliquid aluminium. However, the underlying material undergoes oxidation andcorrosion through coating growth defects. The findings concerning the wearmechanisms of protective layers support further development of duplex layersintended for die casting tools protection.
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Martin, Taylor. "Lower order solvability of links." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/71998.
Full textAbstract:
The n-solvable filtration of the link concordance group, defined by Cochran, Orr, and Teichner in 2003, is a tool for studying smooth knot and link concordance that yields important results in low-dimensional topology. We focus on the first two stages of the n-solvable filtration, which are the class of 0-solvable links and the class of 0.5-solvable links. We introduce a new equivalence relation on links called 0-solve equivalence and establish both an algebraic and a geometric characterization 0-solve equivalent links. As a result, we completely characterize 0-solvable links and we give a classification of links up to 0-solve equivalence. We relate 0-solvable links to known results about links bounding gropes and Whitney towers in the 4-ball. We then establish a sufficient condition for a link to be 0.5-solvable and show that 0.5-solvable links must have vanishing Sato-Levine invariants.
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Rishikesh. "Lower order terms of moments of L-functions." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6005.
Full textAbstract:
Given a positive integer k, Conrey, Farmer, Keating, Rubinstein and Snaith conjectured a formula for the asymptotics of the k-th moments of the central values of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions. The conjectured formula for the moments is expressed as sum of a k(k+1)/2 degree polynomial in log |d|. In the sum, d varies over the set of fundamental discriminants. This polynomial, called the moment polynomial, is given as a k-fold residue. In Part I of this thesis, we derive explicit formulae for first k lower order terms of the moment polynomial.
In Part II, we present a formula bounding the average of S(t,f), the remainder term in the formula for the number of zeros of an L-function, L(s,f), where f is a newform of weight k and level N. This is Turing's method applied to cuspforms. We carry out the improvements to Turing's original method including using techniques of Booker and Trudgian. These improvements have application to the numerical verification of the Riemann Hypothesis.
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Huang, June-Jey, and 黃俊傑. "Realization of lower-ordered 3D sound system." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70098930201072094408.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
84
The study of 3D sound becomes more and more important because of the application of virtual reality grows vigorously. Here, the HRTFs are introduced and applied to display 3D sound. However, there are many problems such as memory requirement, computational complexity, and unmeasured HRTFs. We use T- PCA algorithm to reduce the memory requirement, redesign the filter to a shorter one to reduce the multiplication but keep the spectrum cue, and finally synthesize unmeasured HRTFs by linear, spline, and functional interpolation in principal weights. The memory requirement become one 50th and multiplication of FIR become one 20th if the methods in the thesis are combined. Finally, we establish a 3D moving sound demo system to verify the performance of the suggested algorithm.
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Feldman, Alexander. "Recursion theory in a partial order with greatest lower bound." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12679742.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 58).
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Van, der Klashorst Engela. "Recreation provision in lower socio-economic communities in South Africa." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28087.
Full textAbstract:
The provision of leisure and recreation has the potential to vitalise and change lower socio-economic communities. The benefits of leisure and recreation participation are, however, absent in the lower socio-economic communities of Danville and Elandspoort, as recreation and leisure activities are not seen as necessary needs that should be provided for the residents. Lower socio-economic status communities tend to suffer as a consequence of the often subliminal assumptions and reactions of well-meaning people. A major barrier to the implementation of recreation programmes in lower socio-economic communities remains the fact that these programmes often fall into the ambit of non-profit organisations, whose first priority does not usually include recreation provision. Second-order cybernetics theory is introduced in this study as a possible alternative approach to recreation provision in lower socio-economic communities. Engaging in a second-order cybernetics approach, the recreation provider can look beyond the feedback patterns utilised by a community to maintain its status quo, and work with and within a community to establish a sustainable recreation programme. Through the use of a second-order cybernetics approach, the residents of a lower socio-economic status community will no longer be regarded as the ‘observed’ participants of a programme that has been designed by an ‘observer’ and ‘expert’ recreation provider, but will, rather, participate in and share the responsibility of designing their own recreation programme for the community. The following three hypotheses were formulated:- Recreation provision in lower socio-economic communities will benefit from a second-order cybernetics approach.
- Sustainable recreation provision in a lower socio-economic status community will enhance the quality of life of the residents engaging in the activities available within the community.
- Second-order recreation provision in a lower socio-economic community will create an environment that is likely to be beneficial for social change
- To examine the influence of recreation and leisure opportunities as a means of improving and maintaining social cohesion and quality of life in lower socio-economic status communities.
- To identify the barriers to providing and maintaining a comprehensive, sustainable recreation programme in a lower socio-economic community.
- To understand the way in which the residents of Danville and Elandspoort view recreation and recreation provision within the communities.
- To identify the similarities and differences between the current approach to recreational provision in the lower socio-economic communities of Danville and Elandspoort and a second-order cybernetics approach.
- The potential of leisure and recreation provision to facilitate social change in a lower socio-economic community.
- Real barriers versus perceived barriers to recreation provision and recreation participation in a lower socio-economic community.
- Second-order cybernetics recreation provision as a community development approach: implementation and evaluation of change and sustainability within the community.
- Rekreasie voorsiening in lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe sal positief beïnvloed word deur ‘n tweede-orde kubernetiese benadering.
- ‘n Volhoubare rekreasie program en geleenthede vir rekreasie deelname in die lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe van Danville en Elandspoort sal die gemeenskap se persepsie van lewenskwaliteit verhoog.
- ‘n Rekreasie program met ‘n tweede-orde kubernetiese benadering in ‘n lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskap sal bydrae tot ‘n omgewing ontvanklik vir sosiale verandering.
- Om die invloed van rekreasie en vryetyds-besteding geleenthede op die sosiale samehorigheid en handhawing van ‘n positiewe persepsie van lewenskwaliteit in die lae sosio-ekonomies gemeenskappe van Danville en Elandspoort te ondersoek;
- Om die struikelblokke tot die aanbied van ‘n volhoubare rekreasieprogram in ‘n lae sosio-ekonomies gemeenskap te identifiseer;
- Om te verstaan hoe die inwoners van die lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe van Danville en Elandspoort rekreasie voorsiening in die gemeenskap sien en ervaar;
- Om ooreenkomste asook verskille tussen die huidige benadering tot rekreasie voorsiening in die gemeenskap, en ‘n moontlike tweede-orde kubernetiese benadering te identifiseer.
- Die potensiaal van rekreasie en vryetydsbestuur in die fasiliteitering van sosiale verandering in ‘n lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskap.
- Werklike struikelblokke teenoor die ‘persepsie’ van struikelblokke in ‘n lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskap.
- Implementering van ‘n tweede-orde kubernetiese rekreasie program in ‘n lae sosio-ekonomiese status gemeenskap.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
unrestricted
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Atakora, Faisal. "Construction of Optimal Foldover Designs with the General Minimum Lower-Order Confounding." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31660.
Full textAbstract:
Fractional factorial designs are widely used in industry and agriculture. Over the years much research work has been done to study these designs. Foldover fractional factorial designs can de-alias effects of interest so that the effects can be estimated without ambiguities. We consider optimal foldover designs using general minimum lower-order confounding criterion. Some Properties of such designs are investigated. A catalogue of 16- and 32-run optimal foldover designs is constructed and tabulated for practical use. A comparison is made between the general minimum lower-order confounding optimal foldover designs and other optimal foldover designs obtained using minimum aberration and clear effect criteria.October 2016
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Harvey, Shelly Lynn. "Higher-order polynomial invariants of 3-manifolds giving lower bounds for Thurston norm." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18088.
Full textAbstract:
We define a new infinite sequence of invariants, d&d1;n for n ≥ 0, of a group G that measure the size of the successive quotients of the derived series of G. In the case that G is the fundamental group of a 3-manifold, we obtain new 3-manifold invariants. These invariants are closely related to the topology of the 3-manifold. We show that they give lower bounds for the Thurston norm. Moreover, we show that they give better estimates for the Thurston norm than the previously known bounds given by the Alexander norm, d&d1;0 . To do this, we exhibit 3-manifolds whose Alexander norm is trivial but whose d&d1;n are strictly increasing and can be made arbitrarily large. Other applications are made to detecting 3-manifolds that fiber over S 1 and to detecting 4-manifolds that admit no symplectic structure.
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Wang, Xianbing, Yong Meng Teo, and Jiannong Cao. "Lower Bounds for Achieving Synchronous Early Stopping Consensus with Orderly Crash Failures." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7425.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we discuss the consensus problem for synchronous distributed systems with orderly crash failures. For a synchronous distributed system of n processes with up to t crash failures and f failures actually occur, first, we present a bivalency argument proof to solve the open problem of proving the lower bound, min (t + 1, f + 2) rounds, for early-stopping synchronous consensus with orderly crash failures, where t < n - 1. Then, we extend the system model with orderly crash failures to a new model in which a process is allowed to send multiple messages to the same destination process in a round and the failing processes still respect the order specified by the protocol in sending messages. For this new model, we present a uniform consensus protocol, in which all non-faulty processes always decide and stop immediately by the end of f + 1 rounds. We prove that the lower bound of early stopping protocols for both consensus and uniform consensus are f + 1 rounds under the new model, and our proposed protocol is optimal.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
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Scerbina, Tanya. "Differences in Reading Strategies and Differential Item Functioning on PCAP 2007 Reading Assessment." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33675.
Full textAbstract:
Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) 2007 reading ability item data and contextual data on reading strategies were analyzed to investigate the relationship between self-reported reading strategies and item difficulty. Students who reported using higher- or lower-order strategies were identified through a factor analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether students with the same underlying reading ability but who reported using different reading strategies found the items differentially difficult. Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses identified the items on which students who tended to use higher-order reading strategies excelled, which were selected response items, but students who preferred using lower-order strategies found these items more difficult. The opposite pattern was found for constructed response items. The results of the study suggest that DIF analyses can be used to investigate which reading strategies are related to item difficulty when controlling for students’ level of ability.
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Ho, Chih-Jen, and 何致仁. "Research of lower volume closet performance and Ordure-transferring in building drainage system." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b8cu3e.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
94
Recently, the new buildings have been in general introduced the saving water sanitary facilities due to the national building regulation, as well as in the existing residential and office buildings. The result of initiating the saving water policy could already be seen. However, the use of lower volume water closets to save water in the existing buildings might have other difficulties. As an example, the lower flush volume might influence the ordure-transferring performance in a drainage system. Thus, in order to explore and understand the difficulties of using the lower volume water closet in the existing buildings, this research firstly focused on gathering the saving water system related methodologies and standards, as well as on investigating its development and current condition of the usage. The result would be the basic information for setting up the ordure-transferring forecast formula of the lower volume closet. Moreover, there were required experiments completed using domestic lower volume water closets for studying its effects on the existing drainage systems and verifying the prediction model. The outcome of the study provides a chance for the designers and users to test their products by applying the prediction model. After the low volume water closets were introduced, the study was a start to concern the issue of balancing between saving water and ensuring the performance of the drainage systems.
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Peng, Jin [Verfasser]. "Stochastic dynamics with singular lower order terms in finite and infinite dimensions / vorgelegt von Jin Peng." 2009. http://d-nb.info/999869345/34.
Full text
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Morgan, Hillary Jean. "Self-complexity and higher- and lower-order self assumptions as predictors of coping with traumatic events." 1992. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2208.
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Wang, Kuei-Ying, and 王桂英. "COMPARING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EMPLOYEES’ JOB SATISFACTION AND TURNOVER INTENTION IN TAIWAN: TESTING THE ASSUMPTION OF LOWER-ORDER NEED." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98365841989438442882.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立交通大學
管理科學系所
97
The purpose of this research is to compare the job satisfaction and turnover intention of public - and private -sector employees. Questionnaire survey was used to collect data from employees of various private enterprises and public organizations in the two studies, which compose of this research. The results of the first study show that, first, public employees have a lower extrinsic satisfaction and lower turnover intention, but higher intrinsic satisfaction compared to their counterparts in the private sector. Second, the negative relationship between the extrinsic satisfaction and turnover intention is weaker in public employees than in private employees. The results derived from the second study show that, first of all, similar to the findings from the first study, public employees have a higher intrinsic satisfaction but a lower turnover intention compared to private employees. Secondly, the negative relationship between extrinsic satisfaction and turnover intention is weaker in public employees. Thirdly, the lower-order need is stronger in public employees than in private employees; the lower-order need and turnover intention is negatively related with each other in both public and private employees. Fourthly, the lower-order need does not cause a weaker negative relationship between extrinsic satisfaction and turnover intention in public employees. The argument concerning that a stronger lower-order need in public employees weakens their extrinsic satisfaction—turnover intention relation is rejected. The public employees’ lower mobility in job market is proposed as an alternative viable explanation. On the basis of the findings from the two studies, we suggest that public sector should create mechanisms to assist their dissatisfied employees to transfer to other jobs within their organizations or to the private sector. The mechanisms will induce a healthy turnover rate in public sector. More importantly, these mechanisms will provide those who are dissatisfied with the extrinsic aspects of their jobs an opportunity for moving onto other jobs that are better suited for them.
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Mathews, Melissa J. "Understanding the effect of higher and lower order cognitive functions on daily living: the relationship between processing speed, executive function, and functional ability." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3482645.
Full textAbstract:
The literature on age-related cognitive changes suggests that some older adults may begin to experience cognitive declines resulting in difficulty engaging in adaptive behavior necessary for functional independent living. Understanding the relationship between these cognitive and functional changes will be important for guiding researchers and clinicians in addressing this issue. Many theories regarding the underlying causes of cognitive aging have been proposed. Most causes appear to be related to changes in the efficiency and accuracy with which information is processed. Two current, competing hypotheses of cognitive aging include the processing speed theory of aging and the frontal lobe theory of aging; however, these theories propose two different mechanisms of cognitive change. Processing speed theory suggests that cognitive aging is a bottom-up process in which diffuse declines in a foundational cognitive process impact higher order cognitive functions. In contrast, frontal lobe theory suggests a top down process in that frontal lobe functions decline first and influence other processes in the brain. The current project examined data collected from a large multi-site sample during the Staying Keen in Later Life (SKILL) study. Specifically, the current study investigated both processing speed and frontal lobe theories of aging in an effort to determine which hypothesis best fit the data. It was observed that each model fit the data equally well, thus suggesting that both processes play a critical role in daily functioning. Additionally, the constructs overlapped substantially suggesting that the cognitive constructs may not be as separable as traditionally thought. Finally, the model was invariant across age groups and no differences were observed between young-old, middle-old, and old-old groups.
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Jamal, Nadia. "Throughput Scaling Laws in Point-to-Multipoint Cognitive Networks." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5289.
Full textAbstract:
Simultaneous operation of different wireless applications in the same geographical region and
the same frequency band gives rise to undesired interference issues. Since licensed (primary)
applications have been granted priority access to the frequency spectrum, unlicensed (secondary)
services should avoid imposing interference on the primary system. In other words, secondary
system’s activity in the same bands should be in a controlled fashion so that the primary system
maintains its quality of service (QoS) requirements.
In this thesis, we consider collocated point-to-multipoint primary and secondary networks that
have simultaneous access to the same frequency band. Particularly, we examine three different
levels at which the two networks may coexist: pure interference, asymmetric co-existence, and
symmetric co-existence levels.
At the pure interference level, both networks operate simultaneously regardless of their interference
to each other. At the other two levels, at least one of the networks attempts to mitigate its
interference to the other network by deactivating some of its users. Specifically, at the asymmetric
co-existence level, the secondary network selectively deactivates its users based on knowledge
of the interference and channel gains, whereas at the symmetric level, the primary network also
schedules its users in the same way.
Our aim is to derive optimal sum-rates (i.e., throughputs) of both networks at each co-existence
level as the number of users grows asymptotically and evaluate how the sum-rates scale with the
network size. In order to find the asymptotic throughput results, we derive two propositions; one
on the asymptotic behaviour of the largest order statistic and one on the asymptotic behaviour of
the sum of lower order statistics.
As a baseline comparison, we calculate primary and secondary sum-rates for the time division
(TD) channel sharing. Then, we compare the asymptotic secondary sum-rate in TD to that under
simultaneous channel sharing, while ensuring the primary network maintains the same sum-rate in
both cases.
Our results indicate that simultaneous channel sharing at both asymmetric and symmetric
co-existence levels can outperform TD. Furthermore, this enhancement is achievable when user
scheduling in uplink mode is based only on the interference gains to the opposite network and not
on a network’s own channel gains. In other words, the optimal secondary sum-rate is achievable
by applying a scheduling strategy, referred to as the least interference strategy, for which only the
knowledge of interference gains is required and can be performed in a distributed way.
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Guth, Karen Debra. "Assessment of higher order thinking skills in a literature based curriculum : challenges and guidelines." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21599.
Full textAbstract:
The study focused on pertinent challenges and key guidelines in introducing and assessing students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in a literature based English foreign language (EFL) curriculum. A curricular initiative in Israel, namely to integrate HOTS in the teaching and learning of literature in the high school EFL classes, prompted this study to measure its effectiveness on students’ abilities to understand and apply the HOTS in their reading and writing. This mixed-methods study dealt with the following research questions:
Are HOTS innate skills or must they be purposefully taught in order for students to learn and to apply them?
To what extent has 10th and 11th grade EFL Israeli students’ ability to apply HOTS to their bridging essays, after completing two years in the English literature programme, been improved?
How accurately could students demonstrate an understanding of HOTS by naming them and by providing an example of how they could apply them in the areas of reading and writing?
The overall key findings showed that; HOTS must be taught and practiced in order for students to learn and to apply them and that teaching students to use HOTS will improve their reading and writing capabilities in regard to higher order thinking as well as their understanding of specific HOTS. It was also found that students enjoy the challenge of infusing HOTS into a literature curriculum and expressing what they learn in their writing. They are consequently motivated to learn when they are challenged with a programme that infuses HOTS into an EFL literature curriculum.
Implications of the findings are that the subject specific approach and infusion method for teaching HOTS are successful in the EFL classroom. The findings provide a novel contribution to the study of HOTS pedagogy within a literature based EFL curriculum programme. Recommendations for further studies are made, particularly on HOTS vis-à-vis weaker EFL students as well as on examining different writing formats, such as opinion essays, to determine if HOTS are transferring to other types of writing after students’ participation in this curricular initiative.Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)