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Journal articles on the topic 'Loxodonta africana cyclotis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Groves, Colin P., and Peter Grubb. "Do Loxodonta cyclotis and L. africana interbreed?" Elephant 2, no. 4 (2000): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/elephant/1521732173.

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Groves, Colin P., and Peter Grubb. "Do Loxodonta cyclotis and L. africana interbreed?" Elephant 2, no. 4 (2000): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/elephant1521732173/.

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3

Fishlock, Vicki, Phyllis Lee, and Thomas Breuer. "Quantifying forest elephant social structure in Central African bai environments." Pachyderm 44 (June 30, 2008): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v44i.143.

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Relatively little is known of social dynamics in forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis), although the fission-fusion model of sociality known in savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) is used as a template. Until fission-fusion sociality or an alternative model is demonstrated, our understanding of how elephants use their environment remains incomplete. To date, there have been no published studies of associations between individuals in forest elephants. Direct observations of forest elephants made at forest clearings (bais) are used here as an approach to studying these quest

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Grubb, Peter, Colin P. Groves, Joseph P. Dudley, and Jeheskel Shoshani. "Living African elephants belong to two species: Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) and Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900)." Elephant 2, no. 4 (2000): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/elephant/1521732169.

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Platt, Steven G., David P. Bickford, Myo Min Win, and Thomas R. Rainwater. "Water-filled Asian elephant tracks serve as breeding sites for anurans in Myanmar." Mammalia 83, no. 3 (2019): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2017-0174.

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Abstract Elephants are widely recognized as ecosystem engineers. To date, most research on ecosystem engineering by elephants has focused on Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis, and the role of Elephas maximus is much less well-known. We here report observations of anuran eggs and larva in water-filled tracks (n=20) of E. maximus in Myanmar. Our observations suggest that water-filled tracks persist for >1 year and function as small lentic waterbodies that provide temporary, predator-free breeding habitat for anurans during the dry season when alternate sites are unavailable. Trackways

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Ngaba, Mbezele Junior Yannick, and Martin Tchamba. "Etude de faisabilité de la mise en place d’un site écotouristique dans le parc national de Boumba-Bek: cas des clairières forestières de Pondo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (2020): 3177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.17.

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Correction: The previously published version of the article had additional authors, including J.P. BELINGA, G. ETOGA, Expedit Bernard FOUDA and René MEIGARI. These names have been removed, for they did not really contribute to this work. L’écotourisme, alternative d’impulsion du développement et de financement durable, est une solution viable pour faire face à l’insuffisance de moyens financiers rencontrés par les gestionnaires de parcs nationaux. C’est ainsi que la présente étude s’est donnée pour objectif de savoir si les clairières forestières de Pondo situées dans la partie Sud du Pa

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Weinbaum, Karen, Zacharie Nzooh, Leonard Usongo, and Melinda Laituri. "Preliminary survey of forest elephant crossings in Sangha Trinational Park, central Africa." Pachyderm 43 (December 31, 2007): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v43i.127.

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Wildlife corridors between protected areas play a critical role in maintaining genetic flow between increasingly isolated populations of many species. The importance of wildlife corridors for African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) has been well investigated. However, African forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) are difficult to observe in dense tropical vegetation and much less is known about their ecology than about their savanna counterparts. The Sangha River forms an international border between Cameroon, Central African Republic and Republic of Congo and bisects the biolo

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Ikemeh, Rachel. "Preliminary data on forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in southwestern Nigeria." Pachyderm 45 (June 30, 2009): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v45i.174.

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Elephant numbers in Nigeria have decreased greatly and the rate of this decline cannot be established owing to the insufficiency of available data. The number of forest elephants in particular is especially difficult to determine because of the dense vegetation where they occur, and previous attempts have resulted in the reporting of conflicting estimates. This article describes current efforts to establish the status of forest elephants under ongoing projects for sustainable forest management in some protected areas in southwestern Nigeria. These studies report on the spatial distribution and

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9

Carroll, Richard. "Elephants of the Dzanga-Sangha dense forest of south-western Central African Republic." Pachyderm 10 (January 30, 1988): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v10i1.667.

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The Dzanga-Sangha Forest Reserve contains the highest known population density of elephants remaining in the dense forest zone of Africa. Both Loxodonta africana africana and L.a. cyclotis as well as an intergrade between the two exist in the area. The ecological effects of the elephants in the forests are discuss. Elephant population density in the sub blocks of the study area as determined by dung counts is presented. Large scale poaching in part may account for the different density figures but should be considered along with the availability of water, type vegetation and human land use. A

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10

Hillman, Smith,. "Status of northern white rhinos and elephants in Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo, during the wars." Pachyderm 31 (December 30, 2001): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v31i1.1071.

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In recent years meat has been the premis behind poaching in Garamba NP. Patrol records suggest 70-80% of the poachers are Sudanese, often SPLA deserters, and the rest are Congolese. The significant increase in poaching in 1997 during the first DRC war was related to the fact that the guards were disarmed by occupying military forces and so had no control over poaching. There was no increase during the second DRC war, 1999-2000, although the Park headquarters was occupied by Ugandan-backed rebel forces, the personnel were not disarmed and there was little disruption to their anti-poaching effor

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11

Stephan, Claudia, Jess J. D. Bahamboula, and Terry M. Brncic. "Responses to a poached conspecific in wild forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis)." Behaviour 157, no. 8-9 (2020): 823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10025.

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Abstract The increased attention towards deceased conspecifics in various social animal species is one of the most intriguing conundrums in animal behaviour. The factors that might explain the observed behavioural variation amongst individuals remain nebulous. Here we analyse forest elephants’ (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) responses to a poached adult male conspecific, using remote camera trapping during a period of eight months. After completely avoiding the carcass site for over a week, females and males substantially differed in behavioural responses. Males consistently stayed longer around

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12

FAY, J. MICHAEL, and MARCELLIN AGNAGNA. "A population survey of forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in northern Congo." African Journal of Ecology 29, no. 3 (1991): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb01000.x.

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13

Breuer, Thomas, and Mireille Hockemba. "Forest elephant dung decay in Ndoki Forest, northern Congo." Pachyderm 43 (December 31, 2007): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v43i.126.

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The decay of elephant dung piles has been shown to be a complex process. Rainfall has been attributed as the main factor influencing dung pile survival in various central African forests. This study monitored elephant dung piles from deposition to disappearance to show that dung survival in Ndoki Forest in northern Congo is mainly influenced by the intensity of irradiance and minimum temperature in the days after deposition. This could lead to substantial differences of dung decay in pristine forest compared with logged forest with a disturbed canopy, and care should be taken when applying rai

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14

Kinsella, John M., Sharon L. Deem, Stephen Blake, and Andrea S. Freeman. "Endoparasites of African Forest Elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) from the Republic of Congo and Central African Republic." Comparative Parasitology 71, no. 2 (2004): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4131.

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15

Ngama, Steeve, Lisa Korte, Jérôme Bindelle, Cédric Vermeulen, and John R. Poulsen. "How Bees Deter Elephants: Beehive Trials with Forest Elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in Gabon." PLOS ONE 11, no. 5 (2016): e0155690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155690.

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16

Hedwig, Daniela, Joyce Poole, and Petter Granli. "Does Social Complexity Drive Vocal Complexity? Insights from the Two African Elephant Species." Animals 11, no. 11 (2021): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113071.

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The social complexity hypothesis (SCH) for communication states that the range and frequency of social interactions drive the evolution of complex communication systems. Surprisingly, few studies have empirically tested the SHC for vocal communication systems. Filling this gap is important because a co-evolutionary runaway process between social and vocal complexity may have shaped the most intricate communication system, human language. We here propose the African elephant Loxodonta spec. as an excellent study system to investigate the relationships between social and vocal complexity. We rev

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17

Kitamura, Shumpei, Takakazu Yumoto, Pilai Poonswad, and Prawat Wohandee. "Frugivory and seed dispersal by Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, in a moist evergreen forest of Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 3 (2007): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004026.

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The Asian elephant Elephas maximus is the only living species of the genus Elephas (Elephantidae) that evolved in Africa c. 5–6 million y ago and migrated into Eurasia (Sukumar 2003). The Asian elephant is one of the few remaining extant megafauna (Owen-Smith 1988) and has disappeared from c. 95% of its historical range (Sukumar 2006). Asian elephants eat fruit when it is available, defecating intact seeds, of which some later germinate in the dung (Lekagul & McNeely 1977, Ridley 1930). However, to date there has been no detailed study of frugivory and seed dispersal by Asian elephants (Co

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18

Vanleeuwe, Hilde, Annie Gautier-Hion, and Simona Cajani. "Forest clearings and the conservation of elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in north-east Congo Republic." Pachyderm 24 (December 30, 1997): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v24i1.904.

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The high population of forest elephant in Odzala NP is related to the diversity of habitat and in particular the large areas of Maranthaceae forest which provide herbaceous foods and the presence of many forest clearing which offer mineral salts. Both the Mananthaceae forest distribution and the location of forest clearing appear to influence forest elephant movements. Besides being important foraging sites for elephants, forest clearing provide excellent conditions for observing forest animals and accordingly are ideal for both tourists and hunters. The frequency and number of elephants visit

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19

Morgan, Bethan J., and P. C. Lee. "Forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) stature in the Réserve de Faune du Petit Loango, Gabon." Journal of Zoology 259, no. 4 (2003): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836902003291.

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20

Semprebon, Gina M., Jeanette Pirlo, and Julia Dudek. "Dietary Habits and Tusk Usage of Shovel-Tusked Gomphotheres from Florida: Evidence from Stereoscopic Wear of Molars and Upper and Lower Tusks." Biology 11, no. 12 (2022): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121748.

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The paleodiet of the shovel-tusked gomphotheres from Florida (Amebelodon floridanus, Konobelodon britti, and Serbelodon barbourensis) was assessed via microwear analysis of molar dental enamel and compared to a large database of both extant proboscideans and ungulates. Scratch and pit results show a consistent browsing signal in A. floridanus, K. britti and S. barbourensis. Fossil results are more similar to those of the extant Loxodonta cyclotis than to Loxodonta africana or Elephas maximus, the latter two taxa exhibiting a mixed feeding result. Scratch width scores are high in all three shov

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21

Yackulic, Charles B., Samantha Strindberg, Fiona Maisels, and Stephen Blake. "The spatial structure of hunter access determines the local abundance of forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis)." Ecological Applications 21, no. 4 (2011): 1296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1099.1.

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22

Parren, Marc P. E., Bertken M. de Leede, and Frans Bongers. "A proposal for a transnational forest network area for elephants in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana." Oryx 36, no. 3 (2002): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000467.

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Forest elephants Loxodonta africana cyclotis in Ghana and eastern Côte d'Ivoire live in small isolated populations and number fewer than 1,000 individuals in total. To ensure the long-term survival of these elephants the present forest reserves need to be linked into a network by forest corridors. The potential of such corridors is demonstrated by the active use by elephants in Ghana of forest ‘shelterbelts’, created in the 1930s. Using information from recent surveys of elephants and vegetation status, and from published information, we propose three possible wildlife corridors in the border

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23

Kuhner, Mary K., Kathleen S. Gobush, Zofia A. Kaliszewska, Ryan Horwitz, and Samuel K. Wasser. "Distribution of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana), African forest elephants (L. cyclotis), and their hybrids across Africa based on genetic evidence." Global Ecology and Conservation 59 (June 2025): e03530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03530.

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24

WHITE, LEE J. T., CAROLINE E. G. TUTIN, and MICHEL FERNANDEZ. "Group composition and diet of forest elephants, Loxodonta africana cyclotis Matschie 1900, in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon." African Journal of Ecology 31, no. 3 (1993): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1993.tb00532.x.

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25

Munshi-South, Jason, Landry Tchignoumba, Janine Brown, et al. "Physiological indicators of stress in African forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in relation to petroleum operations in Gabon, Central Africa." Diversity and Distributions 14, no. 6 (2008): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00509.x.

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26

Merz, G. "Movement patterns and group size of the African forest elephant Loxodonta africana cyclotis in the Tai National Park, Ivory Coast." African Journal of Ecology 24, no. 2 (1986): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1986.tb00353.x.

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27

Budd, Kris, Joe C. Gunn, Tabitha Finch, Katy Klymus, Noah Sitati, and Lori S. Eggert. "Effects of diet, habitat, and phylogeny on the fecal microbiome of wild African savanna ( Loxodonta africana ) and forest elephants ( L. cyclotis )." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 12 (2020): 5637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6305.

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Merz, Günter. "The status of the forest elephant Loxodonta africana cyclotis, Matschie, 1900, in the Gola Forest reserves, Sierra Leone." Biological Conservation 36, no. 1 (1986): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90103-5.

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Ngama, Steeve, Jerome Bindelle, John R. Poulsen, et al. "Do topography and fruit presence influence occurrence and intensity of crop-raiding by forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis)?" PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (2019): e0213971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213971.

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30

Amin, Rajan, Oliver Fankem, Oum Ndjock Gilbert, et al. "The Status of Forest elephant in the world heritage DJA Faunal Reserve, Cameroon." Pachyderm 61 (October 8, 2020): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v61i.19.

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Central African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) have declined by an estimated 62% between 2002 and 2011, largely as a result of poaching for the illegal ivory trade. They are now considerably more threatened than the Vulnerable African savannah elephant (Loxodonta Africana), and effective monitoring of refugia populations is essential to inform management and conservation plans to secure a future for this megafaunal species. Our forest elephant dung-based distance-sampling survey of the 5,260 km2 World Heritage Dja Faunal Reserve (DFR) in Cameroon systematically covered 298.2 km of line

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MERZ, G. "Counting elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in tropical rain forests with particular reference to the Tai National Park, Ivory Coast." African Journal of Ecology 24, no. 2 (1986): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1986.tb00344.x.

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32

Ayuk, Ayemeley Betrand, Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi, Melle Ekane Maurice, and Kamah Pascal Bumtu. "Species Composition and Structure of Habitats Exploited by Elephants (Loxodonta Africana Cyclotis) in the Campo Maan Forest, South Region, Cameroon." American Journal of Environment Studies 6, no. 1 (2023): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajes.1402.

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Purpose: The main objective of this study was to determine the species composition and structure of habitats exploited by elephants in the Campo Maan Forest. Methodology: Using the transect methods, purposively, 1km transects were laid along identified feeding tracts in various habitats. 15 transects with each having 4 quadrates of 30x30m were established at interval of 220m summing up to a total of 5.4 hectares of land covered for the study within which data was collected. In the quadrates, all vascular plants with dbh >10cm (diameter at breast height about 1.3m above the ground) wer

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33

Granli, Petter, and Joyce Poole. "Who’s Who & Whereabouts." Pachyderm 63 (December 14, 2022): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v63i.482.

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Monitoring populations of endangered species is critical to understanding the threats they face and to managing interventions to ensure their long-term survival. Individual recognition further allows for essential studies of life history, home range, population dynamics, social behaviour, and photographic capture-recapture, all of which can make conservation interventions more effective. African elephants (Loxodonta Africana, L. cyclotis), endangered keystone species, have been subjects of several long-term studies involving individual recognition, yielding critical knowledge for their conserv

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Kely, Malé Roger, Célestin Yao Kouakou, Jean-Claude Koffi Bene, André Djaha Koffi, Kouamé Antoine N'guessan, and Manouhin Roland Tiedoue. "Spatial distribution and period of activity of the forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) at Taï National Park, south western Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 133, no. 1 (2019): 13542. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v133i1.6.

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35

Koto-te-Nyiwa, Ngbolua. "Survey on the Movements and migration corridors of Loxodonta africana cyclotis (Proboscidea: Mammalia) in the Monzo Forest of Bosobolo Territory (Nord-Ubangi Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo)." J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology 8, no. 1 (2020): 01. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3906350.

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Recent findings revealed that 90% of elephants are decreased, mainly due to hunting for ivory and the rapid expansion of human activities both in protected and non-protected areas including trans-boundary regions. Habitat fragmentation is also a problem faced by many species all over the world due to human activities. The aim this study is to carry out a survey on the movements and migration corridors of Loxodonta africana cyclotis in the Monzo Forest of Bosobolo Territory, Nord-Ubangi Province the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The present study was carried out into three steps: pre-survey

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36

Pierre, Mbete, Ngokaka Christophe, Akouango Fulbert, Inkamba Nkulu, and Pandi Kaya Florent. "Contribution to the Survey of the Food Regime of the Forest Elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in the Peripheral Zone of the National Park Ogooue Leketi." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9, no. 12 (2010): 1141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.1141.1148.

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37

Brant, S. V., K. Pomajbíková, D. Modry, K. J. Petrželková, A. Todd, and E. S. Loker. "Molecular phylogenetics of the elephant schistosome Bivitellobilharzia loxodontae (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) from the Central African Republic." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 1 (2012): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x1200003x.

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AbstractOne of the most poorly known of all schistosomes infecting mammals is Bivitellobilharzia loxodontae. Nearly all of our available information about this species comes from the original description of worms that were obtained from an animal park-maintained elephant in Germany, probably a forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis, originating from the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo. We obtained schistosome eggs from faecal samples from wild forest elephants from the Central African Republic. The eggs, which were similar in size and shape to those of described B. loxodontae, were sequen

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Binlinla, Joseph Kwasi. "Habitat conversion intensifies human elephant conflicts in the Eastern Wildlife Corridor, Ghana." Pachyderm 63 (December 14, 2022): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v63i.477.

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Ghana was ranged by fairly large herds of elephants up until the 1970s (Douglas-Hamilton 1979). At one time elephants were found throughout the country but, as elsewhere on the continent, elephant habitat contracted during the 20th century. Today both the African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis) are still found, respectively, in the savannah and forest zones of Ghana. However, the populations are now confined to a few Protected Areas (PAs) and isolated remnant habitats, mainly due to human population pressure and related land use and land cov

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39

Tsuchida, Sayaka, and Kazunari Ushida. "Characterization of intestinal bacterial communities of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes), and a forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) living in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park in Gabon." Tropics 23, no. 4 (2015): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.23.175.

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40

Hedwig, Daniela, and Anna Kohlberg. "Call combination in African forest elephants Loxodonta cyclotis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0299656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299656.

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Syntax, the combination of meaning-devoid phonemes into meaningful words, which in turn are combined in structurally and semantically complex sentences, is fundamental to the unlimited expressiveness of human languages. Studying the functions of call combinations in non-human species provides insights into the evolution of such syntactic capabilities. Here, we investigated the combination of high amplitude broadband calls with low frequency rumble vocalizations in a highly social species, the African forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis. Rumbles play an integral role in coordinating social inter

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Maurice, Melle Ekane. "The Dynamics of Crop-Raiding Activity of African Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) at the Periphery of Mount Cameroon National Park, Southwest Region, Cameroon." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 6, no. 4 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000484.

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Human-elephant conflict is common on cropland due to human encroachment into wildlife habitat, a serious conservation challenge in many countries in sub Saharan Africa. Though, a variety of conflict management strategies have been taken for mitigation, the impact is not much, crop-raiding is still increasingly alarming especially in mount Cameroon national park periphery due to increase in human settlement. The main objective of this study was to assess the crop-raiding activity of elephants in the national park. Data collection method was focused on sampling the affected village communities b

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42

Carreno, Ramon A., and John M. Kinsella. "Equinurbia blakei n. sp. (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Strongylidae) from the African Forest Elephant, Loxodonta cyclotis." Comparative Parasitology 75, no. 2 (2008): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1654/4344.1.

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43

Goldenberg, Shifra Z., Andrea K. Turkalo, Peter H. Wrege, Daniela Hedwig, and George Wittemyer. "Entry and aggregation at a Central African bai reveal social patterns in the elusive forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis." Animal Behaviour 171 (January 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.11.008.

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44

ČERVENÁ, BARBORA, PETER VALLO, BARBORA PAFČO, et al. "Host specificity and basic ecology ofMammomonogamus(Nematoda, Syngamidae) from lowland gorillas and forest elephants in Central African Republic." Parasitology 144, no. 8 (2017): 1016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000221.

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SUMMARYSyngamid strongylids of the genusMammomonogamusundoubtedly belong among the least known nematodes with apparent zoonotic potential and the real diversity of the genus remains hard to evaluate without extensive molecular data. Eggs ofMammomonogamussp. are frequently found in feces of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas. Using sedimentation-based coproscopic techniques, we found the eggs ofMammomonogamusin 19·7% elephant and 54·1% gorilla fecal samples with 8–55 and 1–24 eggs per gram of feca

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Nkulu, Clement Inkamba, Jean Malekani, Mukulire Peter, et al. "Activity of Forest Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) In Two Clearings within Ogooué Leketi National Park, Congo Brazzaville." Sumerianz Journal of Biotechnology, no. 42 (May 29, 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjb.42.67.76.

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In order to increase our understanding of forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) vocal communication, this study examined the spatial and temporal activity of elephants from two forest clearings (Bissoloko and Madjouama). To obtain data on the visit of elephant in the clearings daily, it requires considerable human and financial resources for conservation programs observations. However, we deployed autonomous acoustic recorders “SM2” to assess elephants’ activities both day and night time from 2013 to 2014. Elephant visitation in these clearings depends on certain factors as, seasons, years, and

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Walter, Okwong John, Olusola Helen Adekanmbi, and Omonu Clifford. "Palynological analysis of faecal matter in African Forest Elephants Loxodonta cyclotis (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Elephantidae) at Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 10 (2019): 14309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4639.11.10.14309-14317.

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The factors affecting African Forest Elephants include food availability, demand for ivory and changes in land-use. In order to survive, they tend to traverse considerable distances in search of food; on such occasions they are trapped and killed for their ivory. This present study is aimed at assessing the faecal matter of elephants, and at providing information on the season of ingestion and foraging preferences of these elephants. Faecal matter was collected at nine different locations for one year before being processed and subjected to standard palynological laboratory procedures. The ana

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Brand, Colin M., Mireille B. Johnson, Lillian D. Parker, et al. "Abundance, density, and social structure of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in a human-modified landscape in southwestern Gabon." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4 (2020): e0231832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231832.

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Nchanji, Anthony Chifu, Philip Forbah Forboseh, and James Arthur Powell. "Estimating the defaecation rate of the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary, south-western Cameroon." African Journal of Ecology 46, no. 1 (2008): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00808.x.

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Fonkwo, Sylvie Nguedem, Ndi Collins Fai, and Tonjock Rosemary Kinge. "Population status and anthropogenic disturbances of forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900) in Nki National park and its environs, east region, Cameroon." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, no. 2 (2023): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i2.28.

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African elephants play important roles in both the natural and human worlds: ecologically as a keystone species, economically as drivers of tourism and culturally as icons of the African continent. Increasingly, elephant populations are threatened by poaching for ivory, human-elephant conflict, habitat loss and fragmentation, and isolation of populations. This study was carried out to estimate the population of forest elephants and determine the human threats to their population. Data was collected along eleven 2 Km line transects and reconnaissance walk as well as administration of semi-struc

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Ishida, Yasuko, Natalie A. Gugala, Nicholas J. Georgiadis, and Alfred L. Roca. "Evolutionary and demographic processes shaping geographic patterns of genetic diversity in a keystone species, the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis )." Ecology and Evolution 8, no. 10 (2018): 4919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4062.

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