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Journal articles on the topic 'Loxosomatidae'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

BORISANOVA, ANASTASIA, and DIMITRY SCHEPETOV. "Clarification of the diagnosis of the genus Loxosoma s.l. (Entoprocta; Loxosomatidae) based on morphological and molecular data." Zootaxa 5325, no. 3 (2023): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.2.

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Loxosomatidae are solitary entoprocts associated with various types of invertebrate hosts. Two genera are distinguished in the family Loxosomatidae, Loxosomella and Loxosoma, that have clear morphological differences in the attachment structures. Loxosoma attaches to the substratum by a muscular sucking pedal disk, which allows moving. Both kidneys and adults are thought to have a pedal disc throughout their lives. In August 2021, several specimens of loxosomatids were found in the White Sea at a depth of 30–70 m on a polychaete Laonice sp. (Spionidae), which were investigated using light and

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2

Iseto, Tohru. "Two New Non-commensal Loxosomatids (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) from Okinawa and Sesoko Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Species Diversity 11, no. 1 (2006): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.11.33.

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3

Nielsen, Claus. "A review of the taxa of solitary entoprocts (Loxosomatidae)." Zootaxa 2395, no. 1 (2010): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.4.

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Nielsen, Claus (2010): A review of the taxa of solitary entoprocts (Loxosomatidae). Zootaxa 2395 (1): 45-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2395.1.4

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4

Figueroa, Manuel Tierno De, and Luis Sánchez-Tocino. "Loxosomella almugnecarensis n. sp. (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) — a new sponge epizoite from the Iberian Mediterranean Sea." Zootaxa 2236 (December 31, 2009): 65–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.190445.

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Figueroa, Manuel Tierno De, Sánchez-Tocino, Luis (2009): Loxosomella almugnecarensis n. sp. (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) — a new sponge epizoite from the Iberian Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 2236: 65-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190445

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Borisanova, Anastasiya O., and Elena M. Krylova. "A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta, Solitaria) from the White Sea: Loxosomella unicornis sp. nov." Zootaxa 3861, no. 3 (2014): 290–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3861.3.6.

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Borisanova, Anastasiya O., Krylova, Elena M. (2014): A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta, Solitaria) from the White Sea: Loxosomella unicornis sp. nov. Zootaxa 3861 (3): 290-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3861.3.6

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6

Kajihara, Hiroshi, Shinri Tomioka, Keiichi Kakui, and Tohru Iseto. "Phylogenetic Position of the Queer, Backward-bent Entoproct Loxosoma axisadversum (Entoprocta: Solitaria: Loxosomatidae)." Species Diversity 20 (May 25, 2015): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.12782/sd.20.1.083.

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Kajihara, Hiroshi, Tomioka, Shinri, Kakui, Keiichi, Iseto, Tohru (2015): Phylogenetic Position of the Queer, Backward-bent Entoproct Loxosoma axisadversum (Entoprocta: Solitaria: Loxosomatidae). Species Diversity 20: 83-88, DOI: 10.12782/sd.20.1.083

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7

Varela, Carlos, Manuel Tierno De Figueroa, and Luis Sánchez-Tocino. "A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the Atlantic Ocean: Loxosomella cubana n. sp." Zootaxa 3051 (December 31, 2011): 57–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.207649.

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Varela, Carlos, Figueroa, Manuel Tierno De, Sánchez-Tocino, Luis (2011): A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the Atlantic Ocean: Loxosomella cubana n. sp. Zootaxa 3051: 57-61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207649

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8

Roldán, Carmen, Antonio Villalba, and José M. Viéitez. "A new solitary, interstitial species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the coast of Galicia (NW Spain), Loxosoma discoides n. sp." Zootaxa 4604, no. 2 (2019): 388–94. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4604.2.11.

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Roldán, Carmen, Villalba, Antonio, Viéitez, José M. (2019): A new solitary, interstitial species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the coast of Galicia (NW Spain), Loxosoma discoides n. sp. Zootaxa 4604 (2): 388-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4604.2.11

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9

Borisanova, Anastasia, and Dimitry Schepetov. "Clarification of the diagnosis of the genus Loxosoma s.l. (Entoprocta; Loxosomatidae) based on morphological and molecular data." Zootaxa 5325, no. 3 (2023): 342–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.2.

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Borisanova, Anastasia, Schepetov, Dimitry (2023): Clarification of the diagnosis of the genus Loxosoma s.l. (Entoprocta; Loxosomatidae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa 5325 (3): 342-358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.2

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10

EGGLESTON, D. "THE LOXOSOMATIDAE OF THE ISLE OF MAN." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 145, no. 4 (2009): 529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1965.tb02030.x.

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11

DE FIGUEROA, J. MANUEL TIERNO, and LUIS SÁNCHEZ-TOCINO. "Loxosomella almugnecarensis n. sp. (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae)a new sponge epizoite from the Iberian Mediterranean Sea." Zootaxa 2236, no. 1 (2009): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2236.1.5.

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The Loxosomatidae is the most species-rich of the four families belonging to the phylum Entoprocta, comprising more than two-thirds of the total number of entoprocts worldwide (Iseto et al. 2008). It comprises solitary forms, usually commensal, whereas the species of the other three families are colonial (Nielsen 2001). Members of this family and of the colonial family Loxokalypodidae can be distinguished from other entoprocts because they lack a star-cell complex at the transition between stalk and body (Nielsen 1989). Although loxosomatids can be found on a range of living and non-living sub

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12

VARELA, CARLOS, J. MANUEL TIERNO DE FIGUEROA, and LUIS SÁNCHEZ-TOCINO. "A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the Atlantic Ocean: Loxosomella cubana n. sp." Zootaxa 3051, no. 1 (2011): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3051.1.4.

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A new species of Entoprocta belonging to the genus Loxosomella is described: L. cubana n. sp. It has been found on the coast of Cuba living as an epizoite on the sponge Aiolochroia crassa. It is one of the largest Loxosomatidae described up to now and the first record of an entoproct for Cuba.

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13

Arroyo, N. L., and J. Benito. "New observations on Loxosomella tonsoria, with notes on distribution and host specificity of the genus." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 3 (2000): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002332.

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Loxosomella tonsoria (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) was found associated with the polynoid polychaete Lepidonotus clava collected among the algae and debris scraped from the intertidal level at the rocky shore of Limens (Pontevedra, Spain). New features are added to the original description, together with the first description of its buds. Host specificity of the genus and distribution of this species are discussed.

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14

ROLDÁN, CARMEN, ANTONIO VILLALBA, and JOSÉ M. VIÉITEZ. "A new solitary, interstitial species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the coast of Galicia (NW Spain), Loxosoma discoides n. sp." Zootaxa 4604, no. 2 (2019): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4604.2.11.

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A new solitary species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta), Loxosoma discoides n. sp., is described. The specimens were found in the intertidal level of two locations in the Galician (NW Spain) coast. This new species, with “table-tennis bat” appearance, is characterised by showing large lateral wings in the calyx, which confer the singular aspect. It is the first record of this genus at the coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

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15

Sensenbaugh, Terry. "Ultrastructural Observations on the Larva ofLoxosoma pectinaricolaFranzén (Entoprocta, Loxosomatidae)." Acta Zoologica 68, no. 3 (1987): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1987.tb00884.x.

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16

NIELSEN, CLAUS. "A review of the taxa of solitary entoprocts (Loxosomatidae)." Zootaxa 2395, no. 1 (2010): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2395.1.4.

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All taxa of solitary entoprocts (Loxosomatidae) are listed, along with information concerning the original description and also the type material for species where the depositories are mentioned in the descriptions or where type material has been found in various museums. The species belonging to Loxosoma (with 25 described species) are illustrated. It is recommended that the genus Loxosomella (with 118 described species) should be used in its wide sense to include Loxocorone, Loxomitra and Loxomespilon as subgenera. This move will make it possible to refer species to the correct genus even wh

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17

Fuchs, Judith, Monika Bright, Peter Funch, and Andreas Wanninger. "Immunocytochemistry of the neuromuscular systems ofLoxosomella vivipara andL. parguerensis (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae)." Journal of Morphology 267, no. 7 (2006): 866–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10446.

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18

Kajihara, Hiroshi, Shinri Tomioka, Keiichi Kakui, and Tohru Iseto. "Phylogenetic Position of the Queer, Backward-bent Entoproct Loxosoma axisadversum (Entoprocta: Solitaria: Loxosomatidae)." Species Diversity 20, no. 1 (2015): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/sd.20.1.083.

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19

Iseto, Tohru. "Four New Solitary Entoprocts (Entoprocta : Loxosomatidae) From Okinawa Island, The Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116 (June 12, 2003): 1007–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13456779.

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20

Iseto, Tohru. "Four New Solitary Entoprocts (Entoprocta : Loxosomatidae) From Okinawa Island, The Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116 (June 7, 2003): 1007–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13456779.

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21

Iseto, Tohru. "Four New Solitary Entoprocts (Entoprocta : Loxosomatidae) From Okinawa Island, The Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116 (July 3, 2003): 1007–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13456779.

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22

Iseto, Tohru. "Four New Solitary Entoprocts (Entoprocta : Loxosomatidae) From Okinawa Island, The Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116 (July 10, 2003): 1007–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13456779.

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23

Iseto, Tohru. "Four New Solitary Entoprocts (Entoprocta : Loxosomatidae) From Okinawa Island, The Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116 (July 17, 2003): 1007–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13456779.

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24

Sánchez-Tocino, L., and J. M. Tierno de Figueroa. "Contribution to the knowledge of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta) from the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean)." Graellsia 65, no. 1 (2009): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2009.v65.i1.138.

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25

Iseto, Tohru. "Three New Loxosomella (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) from Coral Reef Shore in Okinawa, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Zoological Science 18, no. 6 (2001): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.18.879.

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26

Iseto, Tohru, Nagisa Sugiyama, and Euichi Hirose. "A New Sponge-Inhabiting Loxosomella (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) from Okinawa Island, Japan, with Special Focus on Foot Structure." Zoological Science 25, no. 11 (2008): 1171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.25.1171.

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27

Nielsen, Claus. "Loxosomella decorata n. sp., a new solitary entoproct from San Juan Island, WA, USA." Zootaxa 4238, no. 4 (2017): 594–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4238.4.8.

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28

Borisanova, A. O. "A new species of solitary Entoprocta (Loxosomatidae) from the Laptev Sea with notes on entoproct epibionts of polychaetes." Invertebrate Zoology 15, no. 1 (2018): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.15.4.06.

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29

Iseto, Tohru, and Euichi Hirose. "Comparative morphology of the foot structure of four genera of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta): Implications for foot functions and taxonomy." Journal of Morphology 271, no. 10 (2010): 1185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10863.

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30

BORISANOVA, ANASTASIYA O., and ELENA M. KRYLOVA. "A new species of Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta, Solitaria) from the White Sea: Loxosomella unicornis sp. nov." Zootaxa 3861, no. 3 (2014): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3861.3.6.

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31

Borisanova, A.O. "A new species of solitary Entoprocta, Loxosomella angusta sp.n., from the White Sea." Invertebrate Zoology 13, no. 1 (2016): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.13.1.03.

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Borisanova, A.O. (2016): A new species of solitary Entoprocta, Loxosomella angusta sp.n., from the White Sea. Invertebrate Zoology 13 (1): 43-50, DOI: 10.15298/invertzool.13.1.03, URL: https://doi.org/10.15298/invertzool.13.1.03

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32

Borisanova, Anastasia O., Alexei V. Chernyshev, Tatyana V. Neretina, and Alexandra N. Stupnikova. "Description and phylogenetic position of the first abyssal solitary kamptozoan species from the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area: Loxosomella profundorum sp. nov. (Kamptozoa: Loxosomatidae)." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 111 (January 2015): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.07.016.

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33

Iseto, Tohru. "Loxocorone, a New Genus of the Family Loxosomatidae (Entoprocta: Solitaria), with Descriptions of Two New Loxomitra (sensu stricto) and a New Loxocorone from Okinawa, the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan." Zoological Science 19, no. 3 (2002): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.19.359.

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34

Bharathidasan, Veeraiyan, Anastasia O. Borisanova, Palanivel Partha Sarathy, and Perumal Murugesan. "New entoproct-polychaete association recorded in the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India." Zootaxa 5100, no. 4 (2022): 482–500. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.2.

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Bharathidasan, Veeraiyan, Borisanova, Anastasia O., Sarathy, Palanivel Partha, Murugesan, Perumal (2022): New entoproct-polychaete association recorded in the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India. Zootaxa 5100 (4): 482-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.2

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35

Williams, J. B. "Descriptions of two loxosomatids (Entoprocta), with emphasis on a relationship between symbiont attachment structures and host cuticle." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 1 (2000): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-193.

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Information is provided on a new species of Loxosomella, L. diopatricola, with unusual characteristics that is symbiotic with tubicolous polychaetes of the genus Diopatra. Plasticity is displayed in the morphology of the attachment organ: the new loxosomatid possesses a stalk terminating in either a persistent pedal gland or an enlarged adhesive disc. An individual animal develops one or other of the two stalk morphologies according to its exact location on the host and the thickness of the underlying cuticle. The host epidermis underlying individuals with an adhesive disc is, in turn, modifie

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36

Wanninger, Andreas. "Myo-anatomy of juvenile and adult loxosomatid Entoprocta and the use of muscular body plans for phylogenetic inferences." Journal of Morphology 261, no. 2 (2004): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10247.

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37

Emschermann, P. "On Antarcrtic Entoprocta: Nematocyst-like Organs in a Loxosomatid, Adaptive Developmental Strategies, Host Specificity, and Bipolar Occurrence of Species." Biological Bulletin 184, no. 2 (1993): 153–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542225.

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38

Merkel, Julia, Tim Wollesen, Bernhard Lieb, and Andreas Wanninger. "Spiral cleavage and early embryology of a loxosomatid entoproct and the usefulness of spiralian apical cross patterns for phylogenetic inferences." BMC Developmental Biology 12, no. 1 (2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213x-12-11.

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39

Borisanova, Anastasia O., and Alexei V. Chernyshev. "A new loxosomatid species from the Kuril-Kamchatka trench area: Loxosomella marcusorum sp. n., the first record of hadal Entoprocta." Progress in Oceanography 178 (November 2019): 102146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102146.

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40

Borisanova, Anastasia O. "Loxosomella coronata sp. nov. (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) demonstrates a new type of coloniality for entoprocts." Marine Biodiversity 51, no. 5 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01224-6.

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41

Corus, Finn, Friederike Weith, and Gritta Veit-Köhler. "A new Entoprocta species from the northwestern Weddell Sea shelf (Southern Ocean), its soft-sediment habitat and possible polychaete hosts." Polar Biology, November 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-024-03304-2.

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AbstractRare meiofauna taxa are often indicators of specific environmental conditions. A new and rare species of Entoprocta from the Southern Ocean, its abundance, habitat and possible commensal relationship with Polychaeta are presented. During the RV Polarstern expedition PS118 (2019) to the northwestern Weddell Sea, sediment samples were taken with a multicorer. The species of the family Loxosomatidae was discovered in the meiofauna size fraction of samples of only one of three investigated stations (413–415 m depth). Loxosomella sigridae sp. nov. is a solitary, medium-sized entoproct (tota

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