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1

Luo, Haojie, and Yulei Du. "Mechanical Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses Additively Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review." Materials 16, no. 21 (2023): 7034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16217034.

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Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) display excellent strength, high hardness, exceptional wear resistance and corrosion resistance owing to its amorphous structure. However, the manufacturing of large-sized and complex shaped BMG parts faces significant difficulties, which seriously hinders their applications. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a typical additive manufacturing (AM) technique with a cooling rate of up to 108 K/s, which not only allows for the formation of amorphous structures but also solves the forming problem of complex-shaped BMG parts. In recent years, a large amount of work has b
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Kim, Rae Eon, Yeon Taek Choi, Sang Guk Jeong, Do Won Lee, and Hyoung Seop Kim. "Stretch-Flangeability of Laser Powder Bed Fusion-Processed 316L Stainless Steel." Journal of Powder Materials 32, no. 2 (2025): 87–94. https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00017.

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) facilitates the production of complex geometries with enhanced functionality. Among various AM techniques, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is distinguished by its precision and exceptional mechanical properties achieved via laser fusion deposition. Recent advancements in AM have focused on combining LPBF with post-processing methods such as cold rolling, high-pressure torsion, and forming processes. Therefore, understanding the forming behavior of LPBF-processed materials is essential for industrial adoption. This study investigates the stretch-flangeability of
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Ji, Xinghua, Shufeng Li, Huiying Liu, et al. "Process Optimization of SiC-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Prepared Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion and the Effect of Particle Morphology on Performance." Materials 17, no. 5 (2024): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051187.

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Process parameters and powder spreading quality are important factors for aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) prepared using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this study, a Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the process parameters, and near-spherical β-SiC was selected to improve the quality of powder spreading. The rationality of parameter optimization was verified by testing the density of samples prepared using different laser power levels. Al4C3 diffraction peaks were found in XRD patterns, which indicated that interface reactions occurred to form good interface bonding between t
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4

Brown, Ben, Cody Lough, Davis Wilson, Joseph Newkirk, and Frank Liou. "Atmosphere Effects in Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review." Materials 17, no. 22 (2024): 5549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225549.

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The use of components fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) requires the development of processing parameters that can produce high-quality material. Manipulating the most commonly identified critical build parameters (e.g., laser power, laser scan speed, and layer thickness) on LPBF equipment can generate acceptable parts for established materials and moderately intricate part geometries. The need to fabricate increasingly complex parts from unique materials drives the limited research into LPBF process control using underutilized parameters, such as atmosphere composition and pressure
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Kim, Min-Kyeom, Yongjian Fang, Juwon Kim, et al. "Strategies and Outlook on Metal Matrix Composites Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review." Metals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101658.

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Particle-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) produced using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique have gained considerable attention because of their distinct attributes and properties in comparison with conventional manufacturing methods. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist with LPBF-fabricated MMCs: more design parameters over commercially available alloys and several defects resulting from inappropriate process conditions. These challenges arise from the intricate interaction of material- and process-related phenomena, requiring a fundamental understanding of the LPBF
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6

Vukkum, Venkata Bhuvaneswari, Taylor Sanborn, John Shepherd, et al. "Influence of Spatter on Porosity, Microstructure, and Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Printed Using Different Island Size." Crystals 14, no. 4 (2024): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040328.

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Specimens of 316 L stainless steel were printed using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), a popular metal additive manufacturing (AM) technique, with varying island sizes. Not many researchers have considered the impact of spatter while optimizing LPBF printing parameters. In this research, the influence of spatter was considered while also investigating the effect of varied island size on the microstructure, surface roughness, microhardness, and corrosion resistance of LPBF-316 L. No correlation was observed between surface roughness or microhardness and minor variations in island size. However,
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7

Jeon, Seung-Min, Young-Sang Na, and Young-Kyun Kim. "Ultra-Low-Temperature (4.2 K) Tensile Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Stainless Steel 304L Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Journal of Powder Materials 32, no. 2 (2025): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2025.00066.

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This study investigated the ultra-low-temperature (4.2 K) tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of stainless steel 304L manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The tensile properties of LPBF 304L were compared to those of conventional 304L to assess its suitability for cryogenic applications. The results revealed that LPBF 304L exhibited a significantly higher yield strength but lower ultimate tensile strength and elongation than conventional 304L at 4.2 K. The temperature dependence of the yield strength also favored LPBF 304L. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that LPBF
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8

Kaid, Husam, Abdulmajeed Dabwan, Khaled N. Alqahtani, et al. "Optimization of the Effect of Laser Power Bed Fusion 3D Printing during the Milling Process Using Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks with Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102892.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining popularity as it can produce near-net geometries and work with difficult-to-manufacture materials, such as stainless steel 316L. However, due to the low surface quality of AM parts, machining and other finishing methods are required. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) components can be difficult to finish as the surface roughness (Sa) can vary greatly depending on the part’s orientation, even when using the same machining parameters. This paper explored the effects of finishing (milling) SS 316L LPBF components in a variety of part orientations. The effect of
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9

Hojjatzadeh, S. Mohammad H., Qilin Guo, Niranjan D. Parab, et al. "In-Situ Characterization of Pore Formation Dynamics in Pulsed Wave Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Materials 14, no. 11 (2021): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112936.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technology with the capability of printing complex metal parts directly from digital models. Between two available emission modes employed in LPBF printing systems, pulsed wave (PW) emission provides more control over the heat input compared to continuous wave (CW) emission, which is highly beneficial for printing parts with intricate features. However, parts printed with pulsed wave LPBF (PW-LPBF) commonly contain pores, which degrade their mechanical properties. In this study, we reveal pore formation mechanisms during PW-LPBF in re
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10

Ferchow, Julian, Marvin Bühler, Marcel Schlüssel, et al. "Design and validation of a sheet metal clamping system for additive manufacturing and post-processing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 119, no. 11-12 (2022): 7947–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-08773-5.

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AbstractAutomated clamping for post-processing of mass-customized parts is a challenging step in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process chain. In this study, a novel modular sheet metal clamping system was developed that uses disposable sheet metal profiles as a universal interface for the LPBF, robotic handling, and milling processes. Based on a fundamental investigation of hybrid additive manufacturing, the sheet metal clamping system was designed to use the same interface for the LPBF and milling processes. Subsequent an end-to-end validation was performed for the entire process chain.
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11

Bayoumy, Dina, Torben Boll, Amal Shaji Karapuzha, Xinhua Wu, Yuman Zhu, and Aijun Huang. "Effective Platform Heating for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of an Al-Mn-Sc-Based Alloy." Materials 16, no. 24 (2023): 7586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16247586.

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Platform heating is one of the effective strategies used in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to avoid cracking during manufacturing, especially when building relatively large-size components, as it removes significant process-induced residual strains. In this work, we propose a novel and simple method to spare the elaborate post-processing heat treatment typically needed for LPBF Al-Sc alloys without compromising the mechanical properties. We systematically investigated the effects of LPBF platform heating at 200 °C on the residual stress relief, microstructure, and mechanical performance of a h
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12

Shoushtari, Mohammadreza Tavakoli, Mahdi Yeganeh, and Davoud Ghasemi Kotoki. "Enhanced corrosion resistance of 17-4 PH stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion in H2SO4 solution." Journal of Laser Applications 34, no. 2 (2022): 022023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000670.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the microstructure and corrosion performance of martensitic stainless steel 17-4 PH produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and its corresponding rod specimen in sulfuric acid. Based on a microstructural analysis, the LPBF alloy contained melt pools with an ultrafine cellular structure and uniform distribution of elements, including Nb. The LPBF process significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the 17-4 PH stainless steel alloy in sulfuric acid. The alloy manufactured by LPBF had a charge transfer resistance of at least 7 times that of the Ro
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13

Li, Zuyu, Meifa Huang, Yanru Zhong, and Yuchu Qin. "A Description Logic Based Ontology for Knowledge Representation in Process Planning for Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (2022): 4612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094612.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) provides a rapid and cost-effective solution for fabricating metallic parts with near full density and high precision, strength, and stiffness directly from metallic powders. In LPBF, process variables are widely recognised as fundamental factors that have important effect on the quality of the built parts. However, activity of designing process variables for LPBF, i.e., process planning for LPBF, still heavily depends on knowledge from domain experts. This necessitates a knowledge base that enables the capture, representation, inference, and reuse of existing kn
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14

Guillen, Donna, Scott Wahlquist, and Amir Ali. "Critical Review of LPBF Metal Print Defects Detection: Roles of Selective Sensing Technology." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156718.

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The integrative potential of LPBF-printed parts for various innovative applications depends upon the robustness and infallibility of the part quality. Eliminating or sufficiently reducing factors contributing to the formation of defects is an integral step to achieving satisfiable part quality. Significant research efforts have been conducted to understand and quantify the triggers and origins of LPBF defects by investigating the material properties and process parameters for LPBF-printed geometries using various sensing technologies and techniques. Frequently, combinations of sensing techniqu
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15

Xiao, Xinyi, Beibei Chu, and Zhengyan Zhang. "Quality Quantification and Control via Novel Self-Growing Process-Quality Model of Parts Fabricated by LPBF Process." Materials 15, no. 23 (2022): 8520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238520.

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) presents a more extensive allowable design complexity and manufacturability compared with the traditional manufacturing processes by depositing materials in a layer-wised manner. However, the process variability in the LPBF process induces quality uncertainty and inconsistency. Specifically, the mechanical properties, e.g., tensile strength, are hard to be predicted and controlled in the LPBF process. Much research has recently been reported exploring the qualitative influence of single/two process parameters on tensile strength. In fact, mechanical properties ar
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16

Megahed, Sandra, Vadim Aniko, and Johannes Henrich Schleifenbaum. "Electron Beam-Melting and Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti6Al4V: Transferability of Process Parameters." Metals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081332.

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Metal powder bed-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as Electron Beam-Melting (EBM) and Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), are established in several industries due to the large design freedom and mechanical properties. While EBM and LPBF have similar operating steps, process-specific characteristics influence the component design. The differences in the energy coupling lead to differing solidification conditions, microstructures, and, thus, mechanical properties. The surface finish and geometrical accuracy are also affected. As opposed to LPBF, EBM powder layers are preheated pr
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17

Turnier Trottier, William, Alena Kreitcberg, and Vladimir Brailovski. "Structure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Powder Bed-Fused and Wrought PH13-8Mo-Type Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels: Comparative Study." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030067.

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This work focuses on the structure and properties of a laser powder bed-fused (LPBF) precipitation hardening stainless steel and its chemically analogous wrought counterpart, both subjected to an identical combination of solution and aging treatments with the objective of maximizing the material hardness. It was observed that both the LPBF and wrought alloy follows similar evolution of their phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties throughout the different stages of the technological workflow. After a solution treatment at 850 °C for 0.5 h and an aging at 525 °C for 2 h, bo
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18

Sun, Mingyan, Jie Chen, Qichao Fan, et al. "Transformation Behavior and Shape Memory Effect of Ni47Ti44Nb9 Alloy Synthesized by Laser Powder Bed Fusion and Heat Treating." Metals 12, no. 9 (2022): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091438.

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Ni47Ti44Nb9 alloys were successfully fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique with different laser powers. The phase transformation behavior, tensile properties and shape memory response before and after heat treating were also investigated. The Ni47Ti44Nb9 LPBF alloys have good shaping properties, though a few defects were discovered. Phase transformation peaks did not appear in the as-built samples, but were observed in the heat-treated samples. The phase transformation temperatures of the heat-treated samples increase with the increase in laser power. The tension test at room
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19

Nadimpalli, Venkata K., and Tianbo Yu. "Microstructure evolution in laser-based powder bed fusion of metals." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1310, no. 1 (2024): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1310/1/012014.

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Abstract Laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) of metals offers the unique possibility of creating the microstructure voxel-by-voxel. The minimum voxel size in each direction is dependent on material dosing accuracy coupled with laser processing parameters. The rapid solidification conditions during LPBF lead to material heterogeneity coupled with hierarchical and non-equilibrium microstructures. The current paper delves into two different pathways available currently to control microstructure in LPBF, namely: in-situ microstructure control through material distribution to form functionally gra
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20

Soleimani, Sahar, Mahdi Yeganeh, and Seyed Mohammad Lari Baghal. "Electrochemical behavior of laser powder bed fusion fabricated 316L stainless steel in a nitric acid solution." Journal of Laser Applications 34, no. 4 (2022): 042036. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000824.

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The purpose of this work is to study the microstructure and electrochemical performance of 316L stainless steel fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and commercial rolling (Roll) in 0.5M nitric acid solution. The LPBF-manufactured 316L stainless steel had a higher corrosion resistance in nitric acid solution than the Roll steel. According to the electrochemical studies, the impedance modulus (| Z|10mHz) of the LPBF alloy was twice as great as its roll counterpart after 1 day of immersion in nitric acid solution and about 1 kΩ cm2. Moreover, the potentiodynamic polarization test sho
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21

Ur Rehman, Asif, Fatih Pitir, and Metin Uymaz Salamci. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of In718 and the Impact of Pre-Heating at 500 and 1000 °C: Operando Study." Materials 14, no. 21 (2021): 6683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216683.

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The morphology of a melt pool has a critical role in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Nevertheless, directly characterizing the melt pool during LPBF is incredibly hard. Here, we present the melt pool flow of the entire melt pool in 3D using mesoscopic simulation models. The physical processes occurring within the melt pool are pinpointed. The flow patterns throughout the same are exposed and measured. Moreover, the impact of pre-heating at 500 and 1000 °C has been described. The study findings offer insights into LPBF. The findings presented here are critical for comprehending the LPBF and dir
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22

Strauch, Anna Luise, Volker Uhlenwinkel, Matthias Steinbacher, et al. "Comparison of the Processability and Influence on the Microstructure of Different Starting Powder Blends for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Fe3.5Si1.5C Alloy." Metals 11, no. 7 (2021): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071107.

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This paper examines different blends of starting materials for alloy development in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. By using blends of individual elemental, ferroalloy and carbide powders instead of a pre-alloyed gas-atomized starting powder, elaborate gas-atomization processes for the production of individual starting powders with varying alloy compositions can be omitted. In this work the model alloy Fe3.5Si1.5C is produced by LPBF from different blends of pure elemental, binary and ternary powders. Three powder blends were processed. The base material for all powder blends is a
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23

Wang, Xin, Dongyun Zhang, Ang Li, Denghao Yi, and Tianci Li. "A Review on Traditional Processes and Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Aluminum Alloy Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, Costs, and Applications." Materials 17, no. 11 (2024): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17112553.

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Due to its lightweight, high strength, good machinability, and low cost, aluminum alloy has been widely used in fields such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and construction. Traditional manufacturing processes for aluminum alloys often suffer from low material utilization, complex procedures, and long manufacturing cycles. Therefore, more and more scholars are turning their attention to the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process for aluminum alloys, which has the advantages of high material utilization, good formability for complex structures, and short manufacturing cycles. However, th
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24

Pustički, Daniel, Željko Alar, and Zvonimir Bandov. "Additively Manufactured Maraging Steel: Influence of Heat Treatment on Corrosion and Mechanical Properties." Materials 18, no. 9 (2025): 1999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18091999.

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The advancement of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, particularly laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), has enabled the production of complex components with enhanced mechanical properties and shorter lead times compared to conventional manufacturing processes. This study focuses on the characterization of maraging steel (EOS MS1) fabricated by LPBF technology using an EOS M 290 system. Three material groups were investigated: a conventionally manufactured tool steel (95MnWCr5) serving as a reference, LPBF-produced maraging steel in the as-built condition, and LPBF-produced maraging steel su
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25

Jang, Jee-Eun, Woosung Kim, Ji-Hyun Sung, Young-Joo Kim, Sung-Hyuk Park, and Da-Hye Kim. "Microstructural Control Strategy Based on Optimizing Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Different Hastelloy X Powder Size." Materials 15, no. 18 (2022): 6191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186191.

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In additive manufacturing (AM), the powder properties and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process parameters influence the quality of materials and building parts. However, the relationship between the size of the powder, LPBF process parameters, and mechanical properties is not well-established. In addition, Hastelloy X (HX) is attracting attention for its excellent high-temperature properties, but it is difficult to process, such as by cutting and milling, because of its high hardness and high ductility. This can be overcome by applying the AM process. We compared the LPBF window process maps
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Kreitcberg, Alena, Karine Inaekyan, Sylvain Turenne, and Vladimir Brailovski. "Temperature- and Time-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Post-Treated IN625 Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 3 (2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3030075.

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of IN625 alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and then subjected to stress relief annealing, high temperature solution treatment, and hot isostatic pressing were studied. Tensile testing to failure was carried out in the 25–871 °C temperature range. Creep testing was conducted at 760 °C under 0.5–0.9 yield stress conditions. The results of the present study provided valuable insights into the static and creep properties of LPBF IN625 alloy, as compared to a wrought annealed alloy of similar composition. It was shown that at temperatures
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27

Wahlquist, Scott, and Amir Ali. "Roles of Modeling and Artificial Intelligence in LPBF Metal Print Defect Detection: Critical Review." Applied Sciences 14, no. 18 (2024): 8534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14188534.

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The integration of LPBF printing technologies in various innovative applications relies on the resilience and reliability of parts and their quality. Reducing or eliminating the factors leading to defects in final parts is crucial to producing satisfactory high-quality parts. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the material properties and printing process parameters of LPBF-printed geometries that trigger defects. Studies of interest include the use of various sensing technologies, numerical modeling, and artificial intelligence (AI) to enable a better understanding of the phenomena
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28

Pelevin, Ivan A., Maxim A. Burmistrov, Dmitriy Yu Ozherelkov, et al. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Chromium Bronze Using Recycled Powder." Materials 14, no. 13 (2021): 3644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133644.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Cu-0.5Cr was carried out using recycled powder taken out from the LPBF machine after previous printing. Various volumetric defects characterized the powder wherein particle size distribution was the same as virgin powder. Using recycled powder resulted in extra spherical pore formation after the LPBF process. Despite that, a relative density of 99.2% was achieved by LPBF parameters optimization. Solidified microstructure with a small volume of defects consisted of an oversaturated dendritic Cu matrix and nano-sized Cr precipitations providing strengthening mec
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Böhm, Constantin, Martin Werz, and Stefan Weihe. "Practical Approach to Eliminate Solidification Cracks by Supplementing AlMg4.5Mn0.7 with AlSi10Mg Powder in Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Materials 15, no. 2 (2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020572.

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The range of available aluminum alloy powders for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is restricted to mainly Al–Si based alloys. Currently aluminum alloy powders, designed for lightweight application, based on Al–Mg (5000 series), Al–Si–Mg (6000 series), or Al–Zn–Mg (7000 series), cannot be processed by LPBF without solidification cracks. This has an impact on the potential of LPBF for lightweight applications. In fusion welding, solidification cracks are eliminated by using filler materials. This study aims to transfer the known procedure to LPBF, by supplementing EN AW-5083 (AlMg4.5Mn0.7) with A
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30

Meng, Fuxiang, and Yulei Du. "Research Progress on Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Zinc Alloys." Materials 17, no. 17 (2024): 4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17174309.

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Zinc, along with magnesium and iron, is considered one of the most promising biodegradable metals. Compared with magnesium and iron, pure Zn exhibits poor mechanical properties, despite its mild biological corrosion behavior and beneficial biocompatibility. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), unlike traditional manufacturing techniques, has the capability to rapidly manufacture near-net-shape components. At present, although the combination of LPBF and Zn has made great progress, it is still in its infancy. Element loss and porosity are common processing problems for LPBF Zn, mainly due to evapora
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Zhang, Yuhui, Hang Ren, Hualin Yan, and Yu Long. "In Situ Study of Surface Morphology Formation Mechanism During Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Applied Sciences 15, no. 5 (2025): 2550. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052550.

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In the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, the surface quality of intermediate layers impacts interlayer bonding and part forming quality. Due to the complex dynamic process inherent in LPBF, current monitoring methods struggle to achieve high-quality in situ online monitoring, which limits the in-depth understanding of the evolution mechanisms of the surface morphology of LPBF intermediate layers. This paper employs an optimized coaxial optical imaging method to monitor key LPBF processes and analyzes the intermediate layer surface morphology evolution mechanism considering heat, force, a
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Hofmann, Andreas, Alexander Mahr, Frank Döpper, and Christian Bay. "Verzug bei pulverbettbasiertem Schmelzen von TiAl6V4/Distortion in laser beam melting – Influences of part geometry and heat treatment." wt Werkstattstechnik online 111, no. 06 (2021): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2021-06-16.

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Der hohe lokale Energieeintrag beim pulverbettbasierten Schmelzen mittels Laserstrahl (laser powder bed fusion, LPBF) bewirkt hohe Temperaturgradienten. Dies führt zu thermisch induzierten Eigenspannungen und Verzug in den gefertigten Bauteilen, wodurch deren Form- und Maßhaltigkeit negativ beeinträchtigt wird. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss der Bauteilgeometrie und einer der Fertigung nachgelagerten Wärmebehandlung auf den Verzug von mittels LPBF gefertigten Bauteilen aus dem Werkstoff TiAl6V4 untersucht.   A high local energy input during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) creates
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33

Psihoyos, Harry O., and George N. Lampeas. "Efficient thermomechanical modelling of Laser Powder Bed Fusion additive manufacturing process with emphasis on parts residual stress fields." AIMS Materials Science 9, no. 3 (2022): 455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2022027.

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<abstract> <p>Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process is one of the advanced Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, which is employed for the fabrication of complex metallic components. One of the major drawbacks of the LPBF is the development of residual stresses due to the high temperature gradients developed during the process thermal cycles. Reliable models for the prediction of residual strain and stress at part scale are required to support the LPBF process optimization. Due to the computational cost of the LPBF simulation, the current modelling methodology utilizes assumption
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Obilanade, Didunoluwa, Christo Dordlofva, and Peter Törlind. "SURFACE ROUGHNESS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - A LITERATURE REVIEW." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 2841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.545.

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AbstractOne often-cited benefit of using metal additive manufacturing (AM) is the possibility to design and produce complex geometries that suit the required function and performance of end-use parts. In this context, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one suitable AM process. Due to accessibility issues and cost-reduction potentials, such ‘complex’ LPBF parts should utilise net-shape manufacturing with minimal use of post-process machining. The inherent surface roughness of LPBF could, however, impede part performance, especially from a structural perspective and in particular regarding fatigu
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35

Gnanasekaran, Balachander, Jie Song, Vijay Vasudevan, and Yao Fu. "Corrosion Fatigue Characteristics of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Metals 11, no. 7 (2021): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071046.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been increasingly used in the fabrication of dense metallic structures. However, the corrosion related properties of LPBF alloys, in particular environment-assisted cracking, such as corrosion fatigue properties, are not well understood. In this study, the corrosion and corrosion fatigue characteristics of LPBF 316L stainless steels (SS) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution have been investigated using an electrochemical method, high cycle fatigue, and fatigue crack propagation testing. The LPBF 316L SSs demonstrated significantly improved corrosion properties compared
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36

Zhou, Yan, Jingwen Wang, Youwen Yang, et al. "Laser Additive Manufacturing of Zinc Targeting for Biomedical Application." International Journal of Bioprinting 8, no. 1 (2022): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v8i1.501.

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Biodegradable zinc (Zn) is expected to be used in clinical application like bone tissue engineering scaffolds, since it possesses favorable biocompatibility and suitable degradation rate. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), which is a typical additive manufacturing technique, offers tremendous advantages in fabricating medical devices with personalized geometric shape and complex porous structure. Therefore, the combination of LPBF and biodegradable Zn has gained intensive attention and also achieved rapid development in recent years. However, it severely challenges the formation quality and resul
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37

Guan, Jieren, and Qiuping Wang. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Dissimilar Metal Materials: A Review." Materials 16, no. 7 (2023): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072757.

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The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique is used to manufacture complex and customised components by exploiting the unique advantages of two types of metal materials to meet specific performance requirements. A comprehensive overview of LPBF-processed dissimilar metal materials, a combination of different single metals or alloys, is developed. The microstructure in the fusion zone and the corresponding mechanical properties of LPBF-processed dissimilar metal materials are summarised. The influence of processing factors on the mechanism of defect formation, wetting properties and element di
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38

Mahmud, Asif, Nicolas Ayers, Thinh Huynh, and Yongho Sohn. "Additive Manufacturing of SS316L/IN718 Bimetallic Structure via Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Materials 16, no. 19 (2023): 6527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196527.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a popular additive manufacturing (AM) technique that has demonstrated the capability to produce sophisticated engineering components. This work reports the crack-free fabrication of an SS316L/IN718 bimetallic structure via LPBF, along with compositional redistribution, phase transformations and microstructural development, and nanohardness variations. Constituent intermixing after LPBF was quantitatively estimated using thermo-kinetic coefficients of mass transport and compared with the diffusivity of Ni in the austenitic Fe-Ni system.
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39

Voisin, T., R. Shi, Y. Zhu, et al. "Pitting Corrosion in 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Review and Perspective." JOM 74, no. 4 (2022): 1668–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05206-2.

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Abstract316L stainless steel (316L SS) is a flagship material for structural applications in corrosive environments, having been extensively studied for decades for its favorable balance between mechanical and corrosion properties. More recently, 316L SS has also proven to have excellent printability when parts are produced with additive manufacturing techniques, notably laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Because of the harsh thermo-mechanical cycles experienced during rapid solidification and cooling, LPBF processing tends to generate unique microstructures. Strong heterogeneities can be found i
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40

Goldsberry, Reece, Deeparekha Narayanan, Raymundo Case, Bilal Mansoor, and Homero Castaneda. "Effect of Temperature on Passive Film Characteristics of LPBF (Laser Powder-Bed Fusion) Processing on UNS-S31603." Materials 17, no. 14 (2024): 3420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143420.

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The effect of temperature on the localized corrosion resistance and passive film characteristics of laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) 316L (UNS S31603) was studied in a buffered 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 25, 50, and 75 °C. DC techniques such as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization showed lower passive current densities, high breakdown potentials, and a higher resistance to initial breakdown compared with wrought 316L samples at all temperatures. However, LPBF 316L was more susceptible to metastable pitting at potentials before film breakdown and higher damage accumulation post film breakdown. AC te
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41

Park, Jeong Min, Jaimyun Jung, Seungyeon Lee, Haeum Park, Yeon Woo Kim, and Ji-Hun Yu. "Data-driven Approach to Explore the Contribution of Process Parameters for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 31, no. 2 (2024): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/jpm.2024.00038.

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In order to predict the process window of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for printing metallic components, the calculation of volumetric energy density (VED) has been widely calculated for controlling process parameters. However, because it is assumed that the process parameters contribute equally to heat input, the VED still has limitation for predicting the process window of LPBF-processed materials. In this study, an explainable machine learning (xML) approach was adopted to predict and understand the contribution of each process parameter to defect evolution in Ti alloys in the LPBF proces
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42

Koß, Stephan, Simon Ewald, Marie-Noemi Bold, et al. "Comparison of the EHLA and LPBF Process in Context of New Alloy Design Methods for LPBF." Advanced Materials Research 1161 (March 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1161.13.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes are becoming more and more important for production of parts with increasing geometrical complexity and functionality. However, to draw on the full potential of AM technologies, alloys that exploit process inherent particularities such as extremely high cooling rates (ca. 106 K/s) have to be developed. One of most important AM-processes is Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), a batch-wise process. This complicates experimental alloy development and increases the use of powder resources since only one chemical composition can be tested within one test job and th
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Qin, Yu, Jinge Liu, Yanzhe Chen, et al. "Influence of Laser Energy Input and Shielding Gas Flow on Evaporation Fume during Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Zn Metal." Materials 14, no. 10 (2021): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102677.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Zn-based metals exhibits prominent advantages to produce customized biodegradable implants. However, massive evaporation occurs during laser melting of Zn so that it becomes a critical issue to modulate laser energy input and gas shielding conditions to eliminate the negative effect of evaporation fume during the LPBF process. In this research, two numerical models were established to simulate the interaction between the scanning laser and Zn metal as well as the interaction between the shielding gas flow and the evaporation fume, respectively. The first model
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Shi, Yixuan, Yuzhe Zheng, Chengcong Huang, et al. "Influence of Processing Parameters on Additively Manufactured Architected Cellular Metals: Emphasis on Biomedical Applications." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 16, no. 2 (2025): 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16020053.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has emerged as a transformative additive manufacturing technique for fabricating architected cellular metallic structures, offering tailored properties for diverse biomedical applications. These structures are particularly well-suited for bone implants, scaffolds, and other load-bearing medical devices due to their ability to achieve lightweight designs, enhanced mechanical properties, and customized geometries. However, the complex interactions between LPBF process parameters and the resulting structural and mechanical properties pose significant challenges in a
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45

Ahuir-Torres, Juan Ignacio, Andrew Burgess, Martin Charles Sharp, et al. "A Study of the Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Powder Bed Laser Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 14, no. 17 (2024): 7471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14177471.

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Commercially available 316L (1.4404) stainless steel is commonly used for industrial filtration due to its combination of good material properties, particularly its corrosion resistance, which is a critical factor for filters in corrosive (e.g., saltwater) environments. Recently, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has enabled new more complex and efficient filtration pieces to be manufactured from this material. However, it is critical to know how the corrosion resistance is affected by this manufacturing strategy. Here, the corrosion resistance of LPBF manufactured 316L stainless steel is compare
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Dabbaghi, Hediyeh, Mohammad Pourshams, Mohammadreza Nematollahi, et al. "LPBF Processability of NiTiHf Alloys: Systematic Modeling and Single-Track Studies." Materials 17, no. 16 (2024): 4150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17164150.

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Research into the processability of NiTiHf high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is limited; nevertheless, these alloys show promise for applications in extreme environments. This study aims to address this limitation by investigating the printability of four NiTiHf alloys with varying Hf content (1, 2, 15, and 20 at. %) to assess their suitability for LPBF applications. Solidification cracking is one of the main limiting factors in LPBF processes, which occurs during the final stage of solidification. To investigate the effect of alloy composition on
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Lee, Seungyeon, Kyung Tae Kim, Ji-Hun Yu, Hyoung Seop Kim, Jae Wung Bae, and Jeong Min Park. "Cryogenic Tensile Behavior of Ferrous Medium-entropy Alloy Additively Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 31, no. 1 (2024): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2024.31.1.8.

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The emergence of ferrous-medium entropy alloys (FeMEAs) with excellent tensile properties represents a potential direction for designing alloys based on metastable engineering. In this study, an FeMEA is successfully fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), a metal additive manufacturing technology. Tensile tests are conducted on the LPBF-processed FeMEA at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures (77 K). At 77 K, the LPBF-processed FeMEA exhibits high yield strength and excellent ultimate tensile strength through active deformation-induced martensitic transformation. Furthermore, d
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48

Chen, Zhen, Yongxin Lu, Fan Luo, et al. "Effect of Laser Scanning Speed on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Powder-Bed-Fused K418 Nickel-Based Alloy." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093045.

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a powder-bed-based metal additive manufacturing process with multiple influencing parameters as well as multi-physics interaction. The laser scanning speed, which is one of the essential process parameters of the LPBF process, determines the microstructure and properties of the components by adjusting the instantaneous energy input of the molten pool. This work presents a comprehensive investigation of the effects of the laser scanning speed on the densification behavior, phase evolution, microstructure development, microhardness, and tensile properties of K41
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Yang, Chunxia, Ke Zhu, Yayan Liu, et al. "A Comparative Study of Fatigue Energy Dissipation of Additive Manufactured and Cast AlSi10Mg Alloy." Metals 11, no. 8 (2021): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081274.

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In this paper, the fatigue energy dissipation of Gravity Casting (GC) and Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) AlSi10Mg alloys under cyclic loading are investigated. The increase in surface temperature related to the energy dissipation effect is decoupled and used to predict the fatigue limits of GC and LPBF AlSi10Mg alloys as being 55.8% UTS and 33.9% UTS, respectively. The energy dissipation rate is obtained by solving the one-dimensional thermal diffusion problem. This energy dissipation is separated into related and unrelated fatigue damage using polynomial function fitting. The energy dis
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Chernyshikhin, Stanislav V., Ivan A. Pelevin, Farzad Karimi, and Igor V. Shishkovsky. "The Study on Resolution Factors of LPBF Technology for Manufacturing Superelastic NiTi Endodontic Files." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 6556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196556.

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology is a new trend in manufacturing complex geometric structures from metals. This technology allows producing topologically optimized parts for aerospace, medical and industrial sectors where a high performance-to-weight ratio is required. Commonly the feature size for such applications is higher than 300–400 microns. However, for several possible applications of LPBF technology, for example, microfluidic devices, stents for coronary vessels, porous filters, dentistry, etc., a significant increase in the resolution is required. This work is aimed to study
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