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1
Patočka, Zdeněk, Kateřina Novosadová, Pavel Haninec, Radek Pokorný, Tomáš Mikita, and Martin Klimánek. "Comparison of LiDAR-based Models for True Leaf Area Index and Effective Leaf Area Index Estimation in Young Beech Forests." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, no. 3 (2020): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068030559.
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The leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most common leaf area and canopy structure quantifiers. Direct LAI measurement and determination of canopy characteristics in larger areas is unrealistic due to the large number of measurements required to create the distribution model. This study compares the regression models for the ALS-based calculation of LAI, where the effective leaf area index (eLAI) determined by optical methods and the LAI determined by the direct destructive method and developed by allometric equations were used as response variables. LiDAR metrics and the laser penetration index (LPI) were used as predictor variables. The regression models of LPI and eLAI dependency and the LiDAR metrics and eLAI dependency showed coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.75 and 0.92, respectively; the advantage of using LiDAR metrics for more accurate modelling is demonstrated. The model for true LAI estimation reached a R2 of 0.88.
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Nakajima, Keisuke, Saori Oka, Takashi Tanikawa, Yoko Nemoto-Sasaki, Naoki Matsumoto, Hiroki Ishiguro, Yoichiro Arata, Takayuki Sugiura, and Atsushi Yamashita. "Lysophosphatidylinositol Induced Morphological Changes and Stress Fiber Formation through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK Pathway." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 10932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810932.
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We previously reported that lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) functions as an endogenous agonist of GPR55, a novel cannabinoid receptor. However, the physiological roles of LPI-GPR55 have not yet been elucidated in detail. In the present study, we found that LPI induced morphological changes in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. LPI induced the cell rounding of GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells but not of empty-vector-transfected cells. LPI also induced the activation of small GTP-binding protein RhoA and increased stress fiber formation in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. The inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase ROCK by the C3 exoenzyme and the ROCK inhibitor reduced LPI-induced cell rounding and stress fiber formation. These results clearly indicated that the LPI-induced morphological changes and the assembly of the cytoskeletons were mediated through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK pathway.
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Scandolera, Antônio João, Maria Cristina Thomaz, Rodolfo Nascimento Kronka, Alessandro Luís Fraga, Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño, Rizal Alcides Robles Huaynate, Urbano dos Santos Ruiz, and José Cristani. "Efeitos de fontes protéicas na dieta sobre a morfologia intestinal e o desenvolvimento pancreático de leitões recém-desmamados." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 34, no. 6 suppl (December 2005): 2355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982005000700023.
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Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar os efeitos do uso de hidrolisado protéico do conteúdo celular de levedura (HPCCL), da proteína isolada de soja (PIS), do hidrolisado protéico de mucosa intestinal de suínos (HPMIS) e do leite em pó integral em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja sobre a morfologia do intestino delgado e o desenvolvimento pancreático de leitões aos 7 e 14 dias pós-desmame. Foram utilizados 44 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, com peso de 5,5 ± 0,6 kg, alimentados desde o desmame com as seguintes dietas isonutritivas: FS - ração à base de milho e farelo de soja; LPI - ração FS + leite em pó integral; LPI+HPMIS - ração LPI mais HPMIS; LPI+PIS - ração LPI mais PIS; LPI+HPCCL- ração LPI mais HPCCL. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a morfologia intestinal dos leitões, evidenciando que nenhuma das fontes protéicas utilizadas foi capaz de minimizar os efeitos deletérios da mudança da alimentação sobre a vilosidade intestinal. Os animais alimentados com LPI+PIS e LPI+HPMIS apresentaram, aos sete dias pós-desmame, o maior desenvolvimento pancreático. Concluiu-se, portanto, que todas as fontes protéicas estudadas foram igualmente adequadas para a formulação de dietas de desmame.
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Subekti, Subekti, and Devi Jayawati. "PERBANDINGAN LOGISTIC PERFORMANCE INDEX (LPI) DAN PURCHASING MANAGER’S INDEX (M-PMI) DALAM MENGEVALUASI KINERJA LOGISTIK INDONESIA." JURNAL MANAJEMEN INDUSTRI DAN LOGISTIK 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30988/jmil.v1i1.9.
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Sistem logistik yang efektif dan efisien tidak hanya menjadi ujung tombak pembangunan industri dan perdagangan nasional namun juga sebagai daya tarik investasi asing. Kinerja logistik pada tingkat makro atau nasional dievaluasi menggunakan LPI (Logistics Performance Index) yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Dunia. Disisi lain ada indikator perekonomian yang berupa M-PMI (Manufacturing Purchasing Manager Index) yang mengevaluasi perkembangan ekonomi suatu negara dengan menilai ada tidaknya peningkatan dari tingkat produksi, pengiriman barang oleh pemasok, dan tingkat persediaan dalam industri pengolahan. Penelitian ini mengisi celah dalam mengkaji hubungan mPMI dengan LPI. Penelitian ini membahas tiga hal, pertama kondisi LPI Indonesia dan potensi perbaikannya, kedua kondisi M-PMI Indonesia tahun 2013 – 2015, dan ketiga, hubungan mPMI dengan LPI yaitu membahas kondisi perubahan mPMI Indonesia untuk capaian nilai LPI yang berbeda-beda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode komparatif secara kualitatif. Dari analisa data didapatkan bahwa untuk LPI Indonesia dibandingkan Negara ASEAN lainnya adalah Indonesia masih memerlukan banyak perbaikan pada komponen kepabeanan dan pengiriman. Adapun untuk kurva M-PMI, untuk LPI = 2,94 pada tahun 2012 M-PMI Indonesia mengalami variasi yang cukup lebar yaitu 2,29 sedangkan pada nilai LPI 3,08 pada tahun 2014 nilai M-PMI Indonesia lebih stabil dengan variasi sebesar 1,69. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitan ini adalah walaupun kondisi M-PMI lebih stabil pada saat LPI lebih tinggi, namun pergerakan M-PMI tidak secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh LPI itu sendiri namun lebih pada kondisi ekonomi terutama tingkat suku bunga, daya beli masyarakat, dan produktivitas industri manufaktur.
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Wang, Yingxin, Supratim Ghosh, and Michael T. Nickerson. "Microencapsulation of Flaxseed Oil by Lentil Protein Isolate-κ-Carrageenan and -ι-Carrageenan Based Wall Materials through Spray and Freeze Drying." Molecules 27, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 3195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103195.
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Lentil protein isolate (LPI)-κ-carrageenan (κ-C) and -ι-carrageenan (ι-C) based microcapsules were prepared through spray-drying and freeze-drying to encapsulate flaxseed oil in order to reach final oil levels of 20% and 30%. Characteristics of the corresponding emulsions and their dried microcapsules were determined. For emulsion properties, all LPI-κ-C and LPI-ι-C emulsions remained 100% stable after 48 h, while the LPI emulsions destabilized quickly (p < 0.05) after homogenization mainly due to low emulsion viscosity. For spray-dried microcapsules, the highest yield was attributed to LPI-ι-C with 20% oil, followed by LPI-κ-C 20% and LPI-ι-C 30% (p < 0.05). Flaxseed oil was oxidized more significantly among the spray-dried capsules compared to untreated oil (p < 0.05) due to the effect of heat. Flaxseed oil was more stable in all the freeze-dried capsules and showed significantly lower oil oxidation than the untreated oil after 8 weeks of storage (p < 0.05). As for in vitro oil release profile, a higher amount of oil was released for LPI-κ-C powders under simulated gastric fluid (SGF), while more oil was released for LPI-ι-C powders under simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid (SGF + SIF) regardless of drying method and oil content. This study enhanced the emulsion stability by applying carrageenan to LPI and showed the potential to make plant-based microcapsules to deliver omega-3 oils.
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Farrahi, Fereydoun, Farshad Ostadian, and Rooyan Farrahi. "Changes in Anterior Chamber Volume, Depth and Angle After Prophylactic Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Patients With Primary Angle-closure Suspect." Jundishapur journal of Medical Sciences 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jsmj.21.2.2390.
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Background and Objectives This study aims to assess changes in anterior chamber parameters after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in patients with primary angle-closure suspect (PACS). Subjects and Methods In this study, 43 patients (86 eyes) with PACS (Mean age: 55.16±9.14 years) participated. The anterior chamber parameters including anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA) and central anterior chamber depth (CACD) were extracted from the Pentacam map at 0-180° meridian before and one month after prophylactic LPI. Results The only parameter that had a significant increase after LPI was ACV, which increased from 99.26±19.57 mm3 to 113.09±19.712 mm3 after LPI (P<0.001). The relationship between age and ACV changes after LPI was statistically significant (P=0.014), indicating that the increase of age is associated with the increased of ACV after LPI. The relationship of ACV and ACD with their initial values was statistically significant, such that with the increase of the initial values of ACV and ACD, their changes decrease. Due to the lack of significant increase in CACD after LPI, the relationship between its changes after LPI and its initial value cannot be relied upon. Conclusion ACV is the only anterior chamber parameter that changes significantly after prophylactic LPI. This parameter can be used as a measurable scale to evaluate and monitor the eyes of patients with PACS. Among the PACS cases, older patients and patients with lower initial ACV have greater increase of ACV after LPI
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Naoum, Flavio Augusto, Idiberto José Zotarelli, Breno Pannia Esposito, José Carlos Barros, and Rodolfo Cancado. "Impact of Labile Plasma Iron on Viability of Cultured Mononuclear Cells." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4885.4885.
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Abstract Myeloablative conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) leads to a fast increase of non-transferrin bound iron, including the labile plasma iron (LPI) pool, mainly due to suppression of erythropoiesis. It has been suggested that increased LPI, the redox-active and toxic form of iron, may cause cell damage and ultimately lead to tissue toxicity and other complications commonly observed in the early post-HSCT period. However, this assumption has not been reported yet in this setting. In order to evaluate if increased LPI levels following conditioning can cause cell toxicity, we assessed its impact on viability of mononuclear cells obtained from eight patients undergoing autologous HSCT for multiple myeloma (n=4) and lymphoma (n=4). Firstly, LPI was measured in plasma samples obtained from each patient before (baseline) and after conditioning (on day 0), revealing normal levels (<0.5µM) in all baseline samples (mean: 0.2µM; range: 0-0.4µM) and increased levels in all day 0 samples (mean: 2.0µM; range: 1,1-4.0µM). Then, on day 0, an aliquot from peripheral blood stem cells collected by apheresis was obtained before infusion and mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll gradient and cultured in DMEM culture media in duplicates for five days in four experiments: i) without addition of plasma (control), ii) with addition of autologous plasma containing normal LPI levels (baseline sample), iii) with addition of autologous plasma containing increased LPI levels (day 0 sample) and iv) with autologous plasma containing increased LPI levels (day 0 sample) in addition of an iron chelator (50mM deferiprone). Mononuclear cells were cultured with autologous plasma on a 1:1 volume ratio. Viability of cultured mononuclear cells was determined by trypan blue method at 3, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. Cell viability decreased over time in all experiments (p < 0.001; Figure). There was no difference in cell viability between cells cultured without addition of plasma (control) and cells cultured with plasma containing normal LPI levels. Cells cultured with plasma containing increased LPI levels presented the lowest viability in relation to the other three culture experiments at all time points (p<0,001). The viability of cells cultured with plasma containing increased LPI levels in addition of iron chelator was similar to that of cells cultured with normal LPI levels, also at all time points (p>0,05). In conclusion, these results indicate that increased LPI levels can decrease substantially the viability of mononuclear cells, an effect that can be prevented or at least attenuated by the use of iron chelators. Figure. Changes on viability of mononuclear cells (MNC) cultured without and with autologous plasma containing normal LPI levels, increased LPI levels and increased LPI levels in addition of the iron chelator (deferiprone). (n=8 patients; Values represent mean±SEM). Figure. Changes on viability of mononuclear cells (MNC) cultured without and with autologous plasma containing normal LPI levels, increased LPI levels and increased LPI levels in addition of the iron chelator (deferiprone). (n=8 patients; Values represent mean±SEM). Disclosures Naoum: Novartis Oncology: Research Funding.
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Daar, S., A. Taher, A. Pathare, U. Krahn, I. Gathmann, H. Nick, and D. Hadler. "Plasma LPI in β-Thalassemia Patients before and after Treatment with Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2697.2697.
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Abstract Background: Non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) remains poorly defined and comprises both non-protein and protein-bound forms of iron. The non-protein ligands appear to correspond to low-molecular-weight organic compounds such as citrate. However, the majority of the NTBI component in plasma is bound to albumin. In patients with thalassemia, the accumulation of plasma NTBI correlates with the appearance of oxidation products, indicating increased oxidative stress in the presence of NTBI. Recently, a new methodology to determine the capacity of serum iron to form reactive oxidant species has been introduced (Esposito et al. 2003). One subcomponent of NTBI, the so-called labile plasma iron (LPI), is an iron-chelatable component of plasma that engages in redox cycling. LPI is a potential source of circulating iron responsible for tissue overload and consequent tissue damage, eg in the heart. Oxidant-sensitive fluorescent probes allow measurement of LPI via the radical forming capacity of plasma samples. Methods: As part of the Novartis trial ESCALATOR that investigates efficacy and safety of deferasirox (DSX), a novel oral iron chelator, in β-thalassemia patients from the Middle East, a subset of patients treated with 20 mg/kg/day DSX were evaluated for LPI. The goals of this study were a) to quantify LPI in plasma of DSX-naive patients and contrast these values with LPI levels measured 2 hours after DSX administration; b) to compare LPI levels obtained pre and post first administration of DSX with pre and post administration values obtained after repeat dosing of DSX at 4, 16, 28, 40 and 52 weeks after start of the study. This abstract summarizes the preliminary data available for 14 patients with LPI measurement at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results: A statistically significant reduction in post administration LPI levels compared to pre administration LPI levels were seen at both assessments. First administration (n=14) Repeat administration (n=14) LPI, μmol/L Pre Post Pre Post Mean ± SD 1.03 ± 0.80 0.14 ± 0.16 0.44 ± 0.58 0.09 ± 0.20 Median 0.82 0.07 0.25 0 25–75th percentiles 0.44–1.67 0–0.27 0.09–0.33 0–0.06 Minimum-maximum 0–2.65 0–0.5 0–1.75 0–0.75 Pre vs post admin P <0.001 P =0.006 First vs repeat pre P =0.003 At first administration of DSX pre-dosing LPI levels averaged 1.03 ± 0.80 μmol/L. 2 hours after first administration of DSX, LPI levels dropped significantly to an average of 0.14 ± 0.16 μmol/L (P<0.001, paired t-test). After repeat dosing of 20 mg/kg DSX for 4 weeks, pre-administration levels of LPI can be regarded as the LPI present at trough plasma concentrations of DSX. These LPI levels were significantly lower than initial LPI before first dosing and were close to normal LPI levels (0–0.4 μmol/L). This indicates that once-daily DSX potentially protects for 24 hours (average 0.44 at repeat dosing vs 1.03 μmol/L before first dosing, P=0.003 paired t-test). After 4 weeks, the drop to even lower post administration LPI levels may reflect the higher steady state concentrations of DSX after repeat dosing. Conclusion: Based on this initial data, DSX given at single daily doses of 20 mg/kg resulted in significant reduction of LPI for 24 hours, indicating that once-daily administration potentially protects organs, including the heart and liver, from iron loading and consequent cellular and tissue damage.
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Hong, Byeong-Hoon, and Sung-Young Park. "Development of LPI Vehicle Fuel Filter Housing." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 15, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.653.
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Umar, Muhammad, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, and Mohd Suffian Yusoff. "Variability of Parameters Involved in Leachate Pollution Index and Determination of LPI from Four Landfills in Malaysia." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/747953.
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Landfill sites are potential sources of human and environmental hazards. Leachate produced form these waste dumping sites is heterogeneous and exhibits huge temporal and seasonal variations. Leachate pollution index (LPI) provides an overall pollution potential of a landfill site. The parameters required to calculate LPI from a landfill site are discussed in terms of their variations over time, and their significance has been highlighted in the context of LPI. The LPI values of two semiaerobic and two anaerobic landfill sites in Malaysia have been calculated in this study. Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS) was found to have the highest LPI score while Ampang Jajar Landfill Site (AJLS) showed the lowest LPI as compared to other landfills. It is concluded that LPI value can be used as a tool to assess the leachate pollution potential from landfill sites particularly at places where there is a high risk of leachate migration and pollution of groundwater.
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Glickstein, Hava, Rinat Ben El, Gabi Link, William Breuer, Abraham M. Konijn, Chaim Hershko, Hanspeter Nick, and Z. Ioav Cabantchik. "Action of chelators in iron-loaded cardiac cells: accessibility to intracellular labile iron and functional consequences." Blood 108, no. 9 (November 1, 2006): 3195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-05-020867.
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Abstract Labile iron in hemosiderotic plasma and tissue are sources of iron toxicity. We compared the iron chelators deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox as scavengers of labile iron in plasma and cardiomyocytes at therapeutic concentrations. This comprised chelation of labile plasma iron (LPI) in samples from thalassemia patients; extraction of total cellular iron; accessing labile iron accumulated in organelles and preventing formation of reactive-oxidant species; and restoring impaired cardiac contractility. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used for monitoring chelator extraction of LCI (labile cell iron) as 59Fe; assessing in situ cell iron chelation by epifluorescence microscope imaging using novel fluorescent sensors for iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) selectively targeted to organelles, and monitoring contractility by time-lapse microscopy. At plasma concentrations attained therapeutically, all 3 chelators eliminated LPI but the orally active chelators rapidly gained access to the LCI pools of cardiomyocytes, bound labile iron, attenuated ROS formation, extracted accumulated iron, and restored contractility impaired by iron overload. The effect of deferoxamine at therapeutically relevant concentrations was primarily by elimination of LPI. The rapid accessibility of the oral chelators deferasirox and deferiprone to intracellular labile iron compartments renders them potentially efficacious for protection from and possibly reversal of cardiac damage induced by iron overload.
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Ceresino, Elaine Berger, Eva Johansson, Hélia Harumi Sato, Tomás S. Plivelic, Stephen A. Hall, Jürgen Bez, and Ramune Kuktaite. "Lupin Protein Isolate Structure Diversity in Frozen-Cast Foams: Effects of Transglutaminases and Edible Fats." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061717.
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This study addresses an innovative approach to generate aerated foods with appealing texture through the utilization of lupin protein isolate (LPI) in combination with edible fats. We show the impact of transglutaminases (TGs; SB6 and commercial), glycerol (Gly), soy lecithin (Lec) and linoleic acid (LA) on the micro- and nanostructure of health promoting solid foods created from LPI and fats blends. 3-D tomographic images of LPI with TG revealed that SB6 contributed to an exceptional bubble spatial organization. The inclusion of Gly and Lec decreased protein polymerization and also induced the formation of a porous layered material. LA promoted protein polymerization and formation of homogeneous thick layers in the LPI matrix. Thus, the LPI is a promising protein resource which when in blend with additives is able to create diverse food structures. Much focus has been placed on the great foamability of LPI and here we show the resulting microstructure of LPI foams, and how these were improved with addition of TGs. New food applications for LPI can arise with the addition of food grade dispersant Lec and essential fatty-acid LA, by improved puffiness, and their contributing as replacer of chemical leavening additives in gluten-free products.
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Yang, Lei, Wei Qin, Yue Li, Shuna Yang, Hua Gu, and Wenli Hu. "Differentiation of pontine infarction by size." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (March 8, 2020): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0025.
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AbstractPurposeWe hypothesized that the current criteria may be unsuitable for lacunar pontine infarctions (LPI) diagnosis and that size criteria may indicate different stroke mechanisms.MethodsA total of 102 patients with isolated pontine infarctions were divided into a parent artery disease (PAD) and non-PAD groups according to stenosis of basilar artery. Further, 86 patients from the non-PAD group were divided into paramedian pontine infarction (PPI) and LPI groups. Data were collected from the three groups. The “golden” criterion for LPI was established based on the location of the infarction. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the optimal cutoff value to use as an LPI diagnostic indicator.ResultsThere was a high prevalence of patients with PAD in both asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis (ACAS) and PPI groups. Patients with PPI had a higher prevalence in diabetes and ACAS than those with LPI. Based upon the ROC curve, the optimal lesion size cutoff value for use as an LPI diagnostic indicator was 11.8 mm.ConclusionsDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI) cutoff points for predicting LPI may differ from that of the middle cerebral artery territory. The diameter of LPI may also indicate different stroke mechanisms.
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Philip, Melcy, Tyrone Chen, and Sonika Tyagi. "A Survey of Current Resources to Study lncRNA-Protein Interactions." Non-Coding RNA 7, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7020033.
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Phenotypes are driven by regulated gene expression, which in turn are mediated by complex interactions between diverse biological molecules. Protein–DNA interactions such as histone and transcription factor binding are well studied, along with RNA–RNA interactions in short RNA silencing of genes. In contrast, lncRNA-protein interaction (LPI) mechanisms are comparatively unknown, likely directed by the difficulties in studying LPI. However, LPI are emerging as key interactions in epigenetic mechanisms, playing a role in development and disease. Their importance is further highlighted by their conservation across kingdoms. Hence, interest in LPI research is increasing. We therefore review the current state of the art in lncRNA-protein interactions. We specifically surveyed recent computational methods and databases which researchers can exploit for LPI investigation. We discovered that algorithm development is heavily reliant on a few generic databases containing curated LPI information. Additionally, these databases house information at gene-level as opposed to transcript-level annotations. We show that early methods predict LPI using molecular docking, have limited scope and are slow, creating a data processing bottleneck. Recently, machine learning has become the strategy of choice in LPI prediction, likely due to the rapid growth in machine learning infrastructure and expertise. While many of these methods have notable limitations, machine learning is expected to be the basis of modern LPI prediction algorithms.
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Nakasone, Ruka, Kazumichi Fujioka, Yuki Kyono, Asumi Yoshida, Takumi Kido, Shutaro Suga, Shinya Abe, et al. "Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18 Months of Corrected Age for Late Preterm Infants Born at 34 and 35 Gestational Weeks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020640.
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To date, the difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes between late preterm infants (LPI) born at 34 and 35 gestational weeks (LPI-34 and LPI-35, respectively) has not been elucidated. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of corrected age for LPI-34 and LPI-35, and to elucidate factors predicting neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Records of all LPI-34 (n = 93) and LPI-35 (n = 121) admitted to our facility from 2013 to 2017 were reviewed. Patients with congenital or chromosomal anomalies, severe neonatal asphyxia, and without developmental quotient (DQ) data were excluded. Psychomotor development was assessed as a DQ using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development at 18 months of corrected age. NDI was defined as DQ < 80 or when severe neurodevelopmental problems made neurodevelopmental assessment impossible. We compared the clinical characteristics and DQ values between LPI-34 (n = 62) and LPI-35 (n = 73). To elucidate the factors predicting NDI at 18 months of corrected age, we compared clinical factors between the NDI (n = 17) and non-NDI (n = 118) groups. No significant difference was observed in DQ values at 18 months of corrected age between the groups in each area and overall. Among clinical factors, male sex, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), hyperbilirubinemia, and severe hyperbilirubinemia had a higher prevalence in the NDI group than in the non-NDI group, and IVH and/or severe hyperbilirubinemia showed the highest Youden Index values for predicting NDI. Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that no significant difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of corrected age was observed between LPI-34 and LPI-35. Patients with severe hyperbilirubinemia and/or IVH should be considered to be at high risk for developing NDI.
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Sabol, Jan, Zdeněk Patočka, and Tomáš Mikita. "Usage of Lidar Data for Leaf Area Index Estimation." GeoScience Engineering 60, no. 3 (October 1, 2014): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0013.
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Abstract Leaf area index (LAI) can be measured either directly, using destructive methods, or indirectly using optical methods that are based on the tight relationship between LAI and canopy light transmittance. Third, innovative approach for LAI measuring is usage of remote sensing data, especially airborne laser scanning (ALS) data shows itself as a advisable source for purposes of LAI modelling in large areas. Until now there has been very little research to compare LAI estimated by the two different approaches. Indirect measurements of LAI using hemispherical photography are based on the transmission of solar radiation through the vegetation. It can thus be assumed that the same is true for the penetration of LiDAR laser beams through the vegetation canopy. In this study we use ALS based LiDAR penetration index (LPI) and ground based measurement of LAI obtained from hemispherical photographs as a reference in-situ method. Several regression models describing the corellation LAI and LPI were developed with various coefficients of determination ranging up to 0,81. All models were validated and based on the tests performed, no errors were drawn that would affect their credibility.
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Briand-Mésange, Fabienne, Véronique Pons, Sophie Allart, Julien Masquelier, Gaëtan Chicanne, Nicolas Beton, Bernard Payrastre, et al. "Glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3) is a lysophosphatidylinositol-specific ectophospholipase C acting as an endocannabinoid signaling switch." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 46 (September 11, 2020): 15767–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.015278.
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Endocannabinoid signaling plays a regulatory role in various (neuro)biological functions. 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid, and although its canonical biosynthetic pathway involving phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase α is known, alternative pathways remain unsettled. Here, we characterize a noncanonical pathway implicating glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3, from GDPD2 gene). Human GDE3 expressed in HEK293T cell membranes catalyzed the conversion of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) into monoacylglycerol and inositol-1-phosphate. The enzyme was equally active against 1-acyl and 2-acyl LPI. When using 2-acyl LPI, where arachidonic acid is the predominant fatty acid, LC-MS analysis identified 2-AG as the main product of LPI hydrolysis by GDE3. Furthermore, inositol-1-phosphate release into the medium occurred upon addition of LPI to intact cells, suggesting that GDE3 is actually an ecto-lysophospholipase C. In cells expressing G-protein–coupled receptor GPR55, GDE3 abolished 1-acyl LPI–induced signaling. In contrast, upon simultaneous ex-pression of GDE3 and cannabinoid receptor CB2, 2-acyl LPI evoked the same signal as that induced by 2-AG. These data strongly suggest that, in addition to degrading the GPR55 LPI ligand, GDE3 can act as a switch between GPR55 and CB2 signaling. Coincident with a major expression of both GDE3 and CB2 in the spleen, spleens from transgenic mice lacking GDE3 displayed doubling of LPI content compared with WT mice. Decreased production of 2-AG in whole spleen was also observed, supporting the in vivo relevance of our findings. These data thus open a new research avenue in the field of endocannabinoid generation and reinforce the view of GPR55 and LPI being genuine actors of the endocannabinoid system.
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Ikegawa, Wakako, Takashi Suzuki, Koji Namiguchi, Shiro Mizoue, Atsushi Shiraishi, and Yuichi Ohashi. "Changes in Anterior Segment Morphology of Iris Bombe before and after Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Patients with Uveitic Secondary Glaucoma." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8496201.
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Purpose. To quantify changes in anterior segment (AS) parameters after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) using AS-optical coherence tomography (OCT) of iris bombe. Method. AS images of eight eyes were captured before and after iris bombe and more than 2 weeks after LPI (post-LPI) using AS-OCT. We compared the following AS parameters: anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), iris curvature (IC), iris thickness at 500 μm from the scleral spur (IT-1) in the middle between the iris root and pupillary margin (IT-2) and 500 μm from the pupillary margin (IT-3) to the anterior chamber angle (ACA) (angle opening distance [AOD750]), and trabecular iris space area. Results. Mean IT-1 and IT-3, but not IT-2, were lower after iris bombe (IT-1, P=0.001; IT-2, P=0.081; and IT-3, P=0.001). There were no significant differences between ACD at pre-LPI and before iris bombe (P=0.096). The mean ACV and AOD750 of iris bombe increased at post-LPI (ACV, P<0.01, and AOD750, P<0.05). The mean IT-1, IT-2, and IT-3 increased at post-LPI (all, P≤0.01). IC decreased at post-LPI (P<0.001), and ACD at post-LPI did not change. Conclusions. The iris extends and becomes thinner during iris bombe. LPI during bombe decreases the IC and increases the ACV and ACA.
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Prasopchingchana, Uthai. "A Method of the Lagrange Polynomial Interpolation with Weighting Factors for Reducing Computational Time." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v18i1.15160.
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This paper proposes a novel extrapolation method known as the Lagrange polynomial interpolation with weighting factors (LPI-WF) to determine initial guess values in each time step for solving equation systems of transient problems using iterative methods. The LPI-WF method is developed from the Lagrange polynomial interpolation to determine the direct extrapolation values and multiply them with the weighting factors. The weighting factors are calculated by considering the number of the previous time steps involved in the extrapolation and the duration between the present time step and the previous time steps. Thus, the LPI-WF method is proper for use with highorder temporal schemes. The key advantages of the LPI-WF method are that the computational time required to achieve the steady-state condition of the transient problems is reduced and the computation codes with the LPI-WF method is more stable than without the LPI-WF method at high time step values. A performance test of the LPI-WF method is carried out by comparing the computational time based on the “lid-driven cavity flow” problem for Reynolds numbers of 1000 and 5000. The test result shows that the computational time of the problem when the LPI-WF method is adopted can be reduced up to 10.46 % compared to the conventional method.
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Pecoraro, Alice, Angela Vitrano, Antonio Troia, Maria Fustaneo, Lorella Pitrolo, Paolo Rigano, Aurelio Maggio, and Rosalba Di Marzo. "Lower Levels of LPI in Thalassemia Major Patients Treated with Deferasirox." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4821.4821.
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Abstract Background In living systems iron appears predominantly associated with proteins (including transferrin in the plasma, and ferritin in the cells). However, when the binding capacity of these proteins is exceeded, the iron in the plasma begins to appear in the form of low molecular weight complexes called NTBI (Not-Transferrin Bound Iron), whose chemical composition is heterogeneous and thought to consist of several circulating isoforms, that is Fe (III) bound to albumin and citrate and potentially to acetate, malate and phosphate. The fraction of redox-active and chelatable NTBI is designated Labile Plasma Iron (LPI). It has been shown that these complexes, in particular LPI, are able to selectively penetrate cardiomyocytes and pancreatic islet cells promoting the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) overriding the cellular antioxidant machineries and causing oxidative damage. The aim of our study was to quantify NTBI and LPI fractions on sera from 55 Thalassemia Transfusion Dependent patients (29 females and 26 males) under chelation treatment as monotherapy or in different combinations referred to our Center. Material and Methods Blood samples were drawn after a short period of washout that is 12 hours for Deferiprone (DFP) and 24 hours for Desferoxiammine (DFO) and/or Deferasirox (DFX). In each patient LPI was detected in 500 ml of serum using the FeROS™ kit (kindly provided by Aferrix Ltd., Israel) that measures the iron-specific redox activity. A reducing agent (ascorbic acid) and an oxidizing agent (atmospheric O2) cause labile iron in the tested sample to generate ROS via the Fenton reaction. The ROS are detected by an oxidation-sensitive probe (DHR) that becomes fluorescent when oxidized. With this assay an index of eLPI (enhanced/extractable LPI), that reflects the total NTBI levels, is provided by the use of a mobilizing agent. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare means of LPI for different types of chelation treatment. Furthermore, data were studied in terms of correlation (Pearson's r) and association (Odds Ratio) for different LPI levels. LPI was categorized into two classes: <0.2 Units equal to 0 and ≥0.2 Units equal to 1. Results A statistically significant difference was found for LPI means of different types of chelation treatment (p-value < 0.005, Table 1). Furthermore, no statistically significant correlation was found among eLPI and LPI with age and serum ferritin. Association among eLPI and LPI with cirrhosis, diabetes and cardiopathy was studied, and no statistical significance was found (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.07-9.3, p-value 0.7; OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.2 -14.4, p-value 0.81; OR 2.6, 95% CI 0.3 - 132.8; p-value 0.37, respectively), even if, it was observed that cardiopathy is more common (83.3%) for high (≥ 0.2 Units) LPI values versus low (<0.2 Units) LPI values. Discussion The results of this preliminary study showed that patients treated with DFX have lower LPI levels than other chelation treatments. In addition, for future analyses, it is to take into consideration that data could be indicative of an association between higher LPI values and heart disease. LPI and eLPI parameters when used together with other markers of iron overload (transferrin, ferritin, MRI heart-liver) can provide a convenient and immediate measure of chelation efficacy and are useful tool for monitoring treatment and patient compliance. Table One-way analysis of variance of LPI for different types of chelation treatment Table. One-way analysis of variance of LPI for different types of chelation treatment Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Andelman, SM, J. Hedgecock, M. Solomito, R. Kostyun, and JL Pace. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATELLAR MORPHOLOGY AND LATERAL PATELLAR INSTABILITY." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00252.
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Background: Lateral patellar instability (LPI) is a substantial cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. Previously identified risk factors for LPI include trochlear dysplasia, a lateralized tibial tubercle, genu valgum, femoral anteversion, and external tibial torsion. Less is known regarding the relationship between patellar morphology and LPI. Purpose: The goal of this study is to determine whether there exists a relationship between patellar morphology and LPI. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation was performed for patients under 18 years of age with LPI and compared to a control group of MRIs of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Using T2 axial MRI images, the lateral and medial facet angle of both the bone and cartilage of the patella was measured at three locations: the most proximal and distal aspects of the patella where the cartilage of the facets could be identified and the widest point of the patella. The width of the patella at each point was also recorded, resulting in 15 total data points per subject (5 at each of the three locations on the patella). Results were analyzed and compared between the instability group and the control group to determine any relationship between facet angle and LPI. Results: 196 MRIs were reviewed, 97 in the instability group and 96 in the control group. The LPI group was noted to have a less steep angle at the proximal medial patellar facet of both the bone (LPI 27.2° ± 9.3° ; control 32.7° ± 8.8°, p < 0.001) and cartilage (LPI 26.5° ± 8.8°, control 32.7° ± 8.4°, p < 0.001) as well as a less steep angle of the cartilage at the distal lateral facet (LPI 23.4° ± 7.2°, control 25.6° ± 6.6°, p = 0.033). No other differences were noted for the remaining 12 data points. Conclusion: The are very few differences in patellar morphology between patients with and without LPI. Patients were LPI have a less steep angle of the bone of the proximal medial facet, the cartilage of the proximal medial facet, and the cartilage of the distal lateral facet when compared to a control group. [Figure: see text]
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Anand, Veluswamy, Aiswarya Anand, Sridurga Janarthanan, and Sebina Francis. "Importance of Diameter of Long Process of Incus in Stapedotomy-New Findings From In Vivo Study." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 27, no. 03 (July 2023): e385-e392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770995.
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Abstract Introduction Stapes surgery for otosclerosis is a precise surgical procedure. To achieve excellent hearing results, a firm and stable attachment of the prosthesis to the long process of incus (LPI) is necessary. The present study provides details on the attachment site in two dimensions to choose an appropriate prosthesis and to ensure firm attachment for better surgical outcomes. Objective To study the diameter of the LPI and its relevance in determining the piston, used in stapes surgery by an in vivo method. Methods This study was conducted in 41 patients who underwent stapedotomy, where both Anteroposterior (AP) and Mediolateral (ML) diameters of the LPI were measured at the site of attachment of the piston using specially designed instruments, intraoperatively.Radiological data were obtained to measure the LPI diameter from the normal ears of 46 patients. It was measured from both the right and left side, hence 92 LPI diameters were obtained. Results The most commonly used site for prosthesis attachment is between 1–1.5 mm away from the tip of the LPI. We found great variability in the diameters of LPI in the attachment site, with the AP diameter ranging between 0.6 -1.5mm and the ML diameter ranging between 0.5mm-1.2 mm. Conclusion Pistons by design have characteristics of gripping incus that will vary between types. Based on LPI dimensions, ideal piston types with appropriate inner loop diameters are suggested in this study. HRCT before surgery should include measurements of the LPI as a guide to the choice of the prosthesis during surgery.
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Daar, S., A. Taher, A. Pathare, H. Nick, U. Krahn, and D. Hadler. "Sustained Protection from Labile Plasma Iron (LPI) with the Once-Daily, Oral Iron Chelator Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) in Iron-Overloaded β-Thalassemia Patients." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1773.1773.
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Abstract Excess iron leads to the appearance of NTBI in the blood, which has been hypothesized to increase the risk for developing co-morbidities. LPI, one form of NTBI, is redox-active and can produce harmful reactive oxygen species. LPI is readily taken up by cells, resulting in expansion of the cellular iron pool. As LPI is produced 24 hours per day, the constant presence of an iron chelator in the plasma may help avoid accumulation of excess iron. Due to its long t½, clinically significant levels of deferasirox are present in the plasma for 24 hours following once-daily administration. This 1-year substudy has evaluated whether deferasirox treatment produced a sustained reduction in LPI. LPI, liver iron concentration (LIC; by biopsy) and serum ferritin (SF) levels over 1 year of treatment with deferasirox 20–30 mg/kg/day have been analyzed in a subgroup of 14 β-thalassemia patients from the ESCALATOR trial, all of whom had previously received DFO/deferiprone combination therapy. Blood samples for LPI and PK assessments were taken pre dose (predicted LPI daily peak) and 2 hours post dose (predicted daily LPI nadir), at baseline and following repeat dosing at weeks 4, 16, 28, 40 and 52. Efficacy and safety were assessed monthly, primarily by evaluating SF and the incidence and type of adverse events (AEs). LIC was measured at baseline and study end. The subgroup comprised 6 males and 8 females with a mean age of 17.5 years (range 12–27). Mean baseline iron parameters were: LPI 0.99 ± 0.82 μmol/L, LIC 28.6 ± 10.3 mg Fe/g dw, SF 7122 ± 3282 ng/mL. Baseline LPI levels were well correlated with LIC (R=0.66). Median deferasirox dose was 27.5 mg/kg/day. Mean steady-state deferasirox trough plasma levels at week 4 were 22.4 ± 18.5 μM (pre dose). Significant LPI reductions were observed post versus pre dose at baseline and week 4 (P<0.0001 and P=0.0077, respectively; Table). Pre dose LPI levels were close to normal (0–0.4 μmol/L) by week 4, and within the normal range by week 16 and thereafter throughout the study. LPI, pre and post deferasirox dose (corresponding to nadir and Cmax, respectively), at baseline and after repeat doses* LPI, μmol/L Week Mean ± SD Baseline vs repeat pre *As 1 pt died between wks 4–16, LPI data are taken from 13 pts, except †n=11 and ‡n=12 due to lost samples Baseline Pre 0.99 ± 0.82 Post 0.12 ± 0.16 4 Pre 0.45 ± 0.58 P=0.0735 Post 0.08 ± 0.20 16 Pre 0.21 ± 0.27 P=0.0015 Post 0.02 ± 0.06 28 Pre 0.15 ± 0.18 P=0.0006 Post 0.04 ± 0.05 40† Pre 0.11 ± 0.15 P=0.0007 Post 0.30 ± 0.36 52‡ Pre 0.27 ± 0.74 P=0.0070 Post 0.08 ± 0.21 During the study, LIC decreased by 6.8 ± 6.2 mg Fe/g dw, while SF decreased by 752 ± 1500 ng/mL. Deferasirox treatment was well tolerated, with no discontinuations due to AEs. The most common AEs were mild nausea (n=4) and vomiting (n=3). Conclusions: Despite a high baseline iron burden in these patients, these results highlight the ability of once-daily deferasirox 20–30 mg/kg/day to reduce levels of toxic LPI and maintain them within normal limits. Deferasirox daily trough levels were within the therapeutic range, demonstrating constant 24-hour chelation coverage. Decreases in LPI were accompanied by decreases in mean LIC and SF, indicating effective iron removal by deferasirox.
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Le Lan, Caroline, Olivier Loréal, Tally Cohen, Martine Ropert, Hava Glickstein, Fabrice Lainé, Michel Pouchard, et al. "Redox active plasma iron in C282Y/C282Y hemochromatosis." Blood 105, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 4527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-09-3468.
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Abstract Labile plasma iron (LPI) represents the redox active component of non–transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). Its presence in thalassemic patients has been recently reported. The aim of the present study was to quantify LPI in HFE genetic hemochromatosis (GH) and to characterize the mechanisms accounting for its appearance. We studied 159 subjects subdivided into the following groups: (1) 23 with iron overloaded GH; (2) 14 with iron-depleted GH; (3) 26 with dysmetabolic hepatosiderosis; (4) 33 with alcoholic cirrhosis; (5) 63 healthy controls. Both NTBI and LPI were substantially higher in patients with iron-overloaded GH than in those with iron-depleted GH or in healthy controls. LPI was significantly correlated with serum transaminase increase in this group. LPI was elevated in the alcoholic cirrhosis subgroup of severely affected patients. LPI was found essentially when transferrin saturation exceeded 75%, regardless of the etiologic condition. Transferrin saturation above 75% was related to iron overload in GH and to liver failure in alcoholic cirrhosis. LPI is present in C282Y/C282Y hemochromatosis and may be a marker of toxicity due to its potential for catalyzing the generation of reactive oxygen radicals in vivo.
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Stanley, Robert F., Michael Licata, Arpan Sinha, and Yanhua Wang. "Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a 13-month-old boy with lysinuric protein intolerance." Case Reports in Clinical Pathology 4, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/crcp.v4n3p19.
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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinical syndrome that can be inherited or acquired. Herein, we report a case of HLH and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in the setting of lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) in a male toddler who presented with prolonged fever, respiratory distress, and failure to thrive. On histologic examination, hemophagocytosis was observed in lymph node, bone marrow sections and aspirates. Lung wedge resection was consistent with PAP. LPI was confirmed with genetic sequencing which revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the SLC7A7 gene. LPI is a rare inborn error of metabolism and is not widely known beyond the pediatric group. Though the association of LPI with HLH has been previously described, we believe this is the first reported case of HLH and PAP associated LPI with histopathological correlation. Early recognition of HLH is critical to successful treatment and LPI should be considered in any young infant who presents with HLH- and PAP-related symptoms.
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Joseph, Sheeba M., Christopher Cheng, Matthew J. Solomito, and James L. Pace. "LATERAL PATELLAR INCLINATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: MODIFIED MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE TO CHARACTERIZE PATELLAR INSTABILITY." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00091.
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Background: Patellar instability (PI), although rare, occurs most often in younger patients with underlying pathoanatomy. Patellar tilt is one of many identified risk factors for PI. Lateral patellar inclination (LPI) angle measures patellar tilt relative to the distal femur as viewed on the axial MRI with the widest cross-section of the patella. The LPI measurement has historically been described with reference to the posterior aspect of the femur at the same transverse level as the widest cross-section of the patella. Given the transitional anatomy of the distal femur and variable heights of the patella, the LPI may be better represented by referencing the axis of the fully formed posterior condyles. The posterior condyles represent a true axis of rotation that serves as an internal reference for knee motion and are clearly visible on MRI. Normative values for LPI have not been established and accepted in the literature; and, proposed maximum thresholds range from 10° to 20°. We hypothesized that a modified LPI measurement (LPI) referencing the posterior condylar axis would be different from the apparent LPI (ALPI) as measured historically in a pediatric and adolescent population. Given the clarity of fully formed posterior condyles as compared with the posterior femur transitioning from the shaft to the condyles, we also hypothesized that the modified LPI would have higher inter- and intra-rater reliability than the ALPI measurements. Methods: Patients aged 9 to 18 years and treated for PI at our tertiary referral center between January 2014 and August 2017 were identified. The ALPI measurement was made as previously described on axial MRI images (Figure 1). The LPI was measured with reference to the posterior condylar orientation (Figure 2 A-B). All measurements were performed by two independent observers. A cohort was randomly selected from these patients and measurements were performed for this cohort by three independent observers and re-performed after a minimum of two weeks. Inter- and intra-rater correlation coefficients were calculated for this subgroup and regression analysis was performed on the entire cohort. Results: Sixty-five patients met inclusion criteria for this study, and thirty patients were randomly selected for reliability analysis. The ALPI inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.708, 95% CI: 0.47 – 0.85) showed good agreement while that of the LPI (ICC = 0.885, 95% CI: 0.77 – 0.95) also showed good agreement with less variability. Intra-rater reliability for ALPI (ICC = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99) was similar to the intra-rater reliability for LPI (ICC = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99). In the entire cohort of 65 patients, the average ALPI (14.6+/-9.9°) was 6.1+/-3.4° less than the average LPI (19.6+/-9.4°) (p = 0.037). Referencing a previously described maximum threshold of 13.5° for LPI, 46% of the patients in the cohort had normal tilt based on ALPI measurements while only 27% of patients in the cohort had normal tilt based on new LPI measurements. Conclusion: The LPI measurement has similar inter and intra rater reliability with less inter-rater variability compared to the historical measurement (ALPI). A significant difference in patellar tilt was found between the two techniques of measuring LPI with the historical technique underestimating the amount of tilt present. Furthermore, a larger percentage of this PI patient cohort would be classified as having normal patellar tilt based on the ALPI measurement than would be classified as abnormal based on the LPI measurement. When assessing children and adolescents with symptomatic PI, the LPI measurement referencing the posterior condylar axis provides more consistent and more representative measurements of the true patellar tilt. Previously described threshold values for patellar tilt should be re-examined using this new measurement technique to appropriately risk stratify patients with PI as historical measurements appear to underestimate this pathoanatomy. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
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Scandolera, Antonio João, Maria Cristina Thomaz, Rodolfo Nascimento Kronka, Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño, Alessandro Luís Fraga, Rizal Alcides Robles Huaynate, Urbano dos Santos Ruiz, and José Cristani. "Hidrolisados protéicos de mucosa intestinal, levedura e proteína isolada de soja em dietas com leite em pó integral para leitões desmamados." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 37, no. 4 (April 2008): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982008000400010.
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Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição parcial do farelo de soja (FS) por hidrolisado protéico do conteúdo celular de levedura (HPCCL), proteína isolada de soja (PIS) ou hidrolisado protéico de mucosa intestinal de suínos (HPMIS) em dietas com leite em pó integral (LPI) sobre o desempenho, os níveis séricos de uréia e a incidência de diarréia em leitões desmamados. Foram utilizados 40 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade (20 machos castrados e 20 fêmeas), distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (dietas) e oito repetições. As dietas foram fornecidas em três fases, de acordo com a idade dos animais: fase pré-inicial 1 (21 aos 35 dias de idade): dieta à base de milho e farelo de soja (FS); dieta com 15,0% LPI; dieta com 15,0% LPI + 3,5% HPMIS; dieta com 15,0% LPI + 5,0% de PIS; dieta com 15,0% LPI + 5,0% HPCCL. Na fase pré-inicial 2 (36 aos 49 dias de idade), foi mantida a dieta à base de milho e farelo de soja e o LPI foi reduzido para 7,5% em todas as dietas, o HPMIS para 1,5%, a PIS para 4% e o HPCCL foi mantido em 5%. Na fase inicial (50 aos 70 dias de idade), foi mantida a dieta à base de milho e farelo de soja, o LPI foi retirado de todas as dietas e os animais que nas fases pré-inicial 1 e 2 foram alimentados com as dietas contendo LPI e LPI + HPMIS passaram a ser alimentados com a dieta à base de milho e farelo de soja; a PIS foi reduzida para 3% e o HPCCL para 2,5%. No período de 21 a 35 dias, a dieta LPI + PIS proporcionou maior ganho diário de peso e melhor conversão alimentar. Nas fases seguintes, não houve diferença no desempenho entre as dietas. Até cinco dias após o desmame, os animais alimentados com as rações FS e LPI + PIS apresentaram menor índice de diarréia. Os níveis séricos de uréia não foram influenciados pelas dietas. A utilização de PIS, HPMIS e HPCCL em dietas complexas contendo leite em pó pode consistir em alternativa biologicamente viável em dietas para leitões.
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ANGMO, SONAM, Yogita Kharayat, and Shachi Shah. "Assessment of Contamination Potential in Okhla Landfill, New Delhi by using Leachate Pollution Index." Current World Environment 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.1.11.
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Landfill leachate generation from a landfill site is one of the main problems for both developed and developing countries around the world. Leachates liberated from the site contain various organic, inorganic, heavy metals, and sometimes hazardous chemical and organic pollutants, which are the origin of the deterioration of air and water quality in its vicinity. The present attempt was performed to assess seasonal variation of the leachate quality, and also determine three sub-indices of leachate which are LPIorg, LPIin, and LPIhm, and the overall LPI of operational, uncontrolled landfills in South Delhi by using leachate pollution index (LPI). Around twenty-five (25) parameters were analyzed during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons from the collected leachate samples. Out of twenty-five pollutants, COD, BOD, NH4-N, EC, and TDS were found beyond the set standard limit in all seasons. Other pollutants like TKN, TSS, TCB, and Cl were also found in high concentrations. Arsenic (As) concentration was found beyond permissible during post-monsoon. The concentration of lead (Pd) in the pre and post-monsoon season was observed beyond the standard limit. Sub-LPI indices in the pre-monsoon season were observed as LPIorg 82.0, LPIin 40.8, and LPIhm 6.9, and likewise, Sub-LPI in monsoon season were LPIorg 81.4, LPIin 25.5, and LPIhm 5.2 and Sub-LPI post-monsoon season was calculated as LPIorg 90.5, LPIin 30.2 and LPI hm 6.2. Almost in all the seasons, LPIorg i.e. organic pollutants was dominated then followed by LPIin, and LPIhm. The overall LPI value of the study area during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon was 32.5, 28.2 and 32.0, respectively. It was observed that overall LPI (calculated) was maximum during pre-monsoon followed by post-monsoon and monsoon. LPI value was beyond the standard limit, except for LPI hm, which was below the standards. It was recommended that more waste-to-energy plants and decentralized waste segregation units need to be set up, to avoid direct dumping of all mixed waste in the landfill sites.
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Hoshi, Sujin, Kuniharu Tasaki, Takahiro Hiraoka, and Tetsuro Oshika. "Improvement in Contrast Sensitivity Function after Lacrimal Passage Intubation in Eyes with Epiphora." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092761.
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This prospective case series aimed to investigate the contrast sensitivity function before and after lacrimal passage intubation (LPI) in eyes with epiphora due to lacrimal passage obstruction. We included 58 eyes of 51 patients who underwent LPI for lacrimal passage obstruction. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity function, and lower tear meniscus were compared before LPI and one month after lacrimal duct stent removal. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated for the analyses. Lower tear meniscus was assessed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The BCVA was comparable (p = 0.61) before and after LPI, while AULCSF increased significantly after treatment (before LPI: 1.29 ± 0.17, after LPI: 1.37 ± 0.14, p < 0.0001). Treatment resulted in a significant increase in contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies, 3–18 cycles/degree (p < 0.01 for 3, p < 0.01 for 6, p < 0.0005 for 12, p < 0.05 for 18 cycles/degree). The lower tear meniscus parameters improved significantly after treatment (p < 0.005); however, no correlation between the changes in the tear meniscus and those of the AULCSF was found. The contrast sensitivity significantly improved after LPI in eyes with epiphora due to lacrimal passage obstruction.
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Currie, Jessica, Joseph B. Burant, Valentina Marconi, Stephanie A. Blain, Sandra Emry, Katherine Hébert, Garland Xie, et al. "Assessing the representation of species included within the Canadian Living Planet Index." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 1121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0063.
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To effectively combat the biodiversity crisis, we need ambitious targets and reliable indicators to accurately track trends and measure conservation impact. In Canada, the Living Planet Index (LPI) has been adapted to produce a national indicator by both World Wildlife Fund-Canada (Canadian Living Planet Index; C-LPI) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (Canadian Species Index) to provide insight into the status of Canadian wildlife, by evaluating temporal trends in vertebrate population abundance. The indicator includes data for just over 50% of Canadian vertebrate species. To assess whether the current dataset is representative of the distribution of life history characteristics of Canadian wildlife, we analyzed the representation of species-specific biotic variables (i.e., body size, trophic level, lifespan) for vertebrates within the C-LPI compared to native vertebrates lacking LPI data. Generally, there was considerable overlap in the distribution of biotic variables for species in the C-LPI compared to native Canadian vertebrate species lacking LPI data. Nevertheless, some differences among distributions were found, driven in large part by discrepancy in the representation of fishes—where the C-LPI included larger-bodied and longer-lived species. We provide recommendations for targeted data collection and additional analyses to further strengthen the applicability, accuracy, and representativity of biodiversity indicators.
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Marodin, Giuliano Almeida, and Tarcísio Abreu Saurin. "Classification and relationships between risks that affect lean production implementation." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 26, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-12-2012-0113.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold: to classify the risks that affect the lean production implementation (LPI) process, and to demonstrate how that classification can help to identify the relationships between the risks. Design/methodology/approach – Initially, a survey was conducted to identify the probability and impact of 14 risks in LPI, which had been identified based on a literature review. The sample comprised 57 respondents, from companies in the south of Brazil. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out to analyze the results of the survey, allowing the identification of three groups of risks in LPI. Then, a case study was conducted in one of the companies represented in the survey, in order to identify examples of relationships between the risks. Multiple sources of evidence were used in the case study, such as interviews, observations and documents analysis. Findings – The risks that affect LPI were grouped into three categories: management of the process of LPI, top and middle management support and shop floor involvement. A number of examples of relationships between the risks were identified. Research limitations/implications – The survey was limited to companies from the south of Brazil and therefore its results cannot be completelly generalized to other companies. Moreover, the results of the survey were not subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. Originality/value – This study helps to improve the understanding of LPI, as: it re-interprets the factors, barriers and difficulties for LPI from the perspective of risk management, which had not been used for that purpose so far; it presents a classification of the risks that affect LPI, which can support the understanding of the relationships between the risks and, as a result, it can support the development of more effective methods for LPI.
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Ichhpujani, Parul, Sahil Thakur, Tanu Singh, Rohan Bir Singh, and Suresh Kumar. "Effect of laser peripheral iridotomy on contrast sensitivity using Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity test." Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 14 (January 2022): 251584142210781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25158414221078142.
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Background: Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is the current standard of care for primary angle-closure glaucoma. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the effects of LPI on contrast sensitivity (CS) after the procedure. Objective: This study evaluates central and peripheral CS in patients undergoing LPI using the computer-based, Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) test. Methods: We performed a pilot, prospective, interventional cohort study including 30 patients of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) or primary angle closure (PAC) in both eyes. LPI was performed after a detailed history and clinical examination using standard procedure in all eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and CS testing using SPARCS was performed before, 2 weeks and 3 months after LPI. Results: Data analyses revealed female predominance (66.67%, 20/30); the mean age of enrolled patients was 49.93 ± 10.43 years, and presenting acuity was 0.02 ± 0.06 (Log of Minimum Angle of Resolution [LogMAR]). The mean vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), mean deviation (MD in dB) and pattern standard deviation (PSD in dB) were 0.34 ± 0.09, –2.36 ± 1.72 and 2.34 ± 0.81, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease between the pre- (15.17 ± 3.83 mmHg) and 2 weeks post-LPI (11.70 ± 1.53 mmHg) IOP ( p < 0.001). However, CS in the pre- (73.47 ± 9.88) and 3 months post-LPI (75.20 ± 11.98) SPARCS scores did not reveal any statistical difference. The group-wise analysis showed a similar trend between PAC and PACS patients. Conclusion: LPI does not affect central as well as peripheral CS assessment in patients with the primary angle-closure disease.
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Chen, Jun, Jie Wang, Yidong Zhang, Fei Wang, and Jianjiang Zhou. "Spatial Information-Theoretic Optimal LPI Radar Waveform Design." Entropy 24, no. 11 (October 24, 2022): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111515.
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In this paper, the design of low probability of intercept (LPI) radar waveforms considers not only the performance of passive interception systems (PISs), but also radar detection and resolution performance. Waveform design is an important considerations for the LPI ability of radar. Since information theory has a powerful performance-bound description ability from the perspective of information flow, LPI waveforms are designed in this paper within the constraints of the detection performance metrics of radar and PISs, both of which are measured by the Kullback–Leibler divergence, and the resolution performance metric, which is measured by joint entropy. The designed optimization model of LPI waveforms can be solved using the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. Simulation results verify that the designed LPI waveforms not only have satisfactory target-detecting and resolution performance, but also have a superior low interception performance against PISs.
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Theinert, Christian, Peter Wiedemann, and Jan D. Unterlauft. "Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Changes Anterior Chamber Architecture." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 1 (May 16, 2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000804.
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Purpose The pressure gradient between anterior and posterior chamber in acute angle closure (AAC) and primary angle closure suspects is balanced by a sufficient laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The anterior chamber changes induced by LPI in patients with unilateral AAC were examined and compared to healthy eyes to define threshold values, which may help to discriminate between healthy and diseased eyes. Methods Using Scheimpflug photography, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured before and after LPI in both eyes of unilateral AAC cases. These measurements were compared to a group of healthy control eyes to determine threshold values for ACD, ACV, and ACA. Results The ACD, ACV, and ACA increased significantly in the 25 AAC eyes after LPI. The ACD, ACV, ACA, and CCT values in the AAC eyes obtained before LPI were compared to a control group of 59 healthy eyes with wide open chamber angles. The cutoff values revealed by receiver operating characteristic analysis were 2.1 mm for ACD, 90.5 mm2 for ACV, and 27.25° for ACA. Conclusions Our results confirm the significant changes of the anterior segments architecture induced by LPI in AAC eyes. The found threshold values for ACD, ACV, and ACA may help in daily clinical routine to discriminate between healthy eyes and those in need for a prophylactic LPI.
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Esposito, Breno P., William Breuer, Pornpan Sirankapracha, Pensri Pootrakul, Chaim Hershko, and Z. Ioav Cabantchik. "Labile plasma iron in iron overload: redox activity and susceptibility to chelation." Blood 102, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 2670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-03-0807.
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Abstract Plasma non-transferrin-bound-iron (NTBI) is believed to be responsible for catalyzing the formation of reactive radicals in the circulation of iron overloaded subjects, resulting in accumulation of oxidation products. We assessed the redox active component of NTBI in the plasma of healthy and β-thalassemic patients. The labile plasma iron (LPI) was determined with the fluorogenic dihydrorhodamine 123 by monitoring the generation of reactive radicals prompted by ascorbate but blocked by iron chelators. The assay was LPI specific since it was generated by physiologic concentrations of ascorbate, involved no sample manipulation, and was blocked by iron chelators that bind iron selectively. LPI, essentially absent from sera of healthy individuals, was present in those of β-thalassemia patients at levels (1-16 μM) that correlated significantly with those of NTBI measured as mobilizer-dependent chelatable iron or desferrioxamine chelatable iron. Oral treatment of patients with deferiprone (L1) raised plasma NTBI due to iron mobilization but did not lead to LPI appearance, indicating that L1-chelated iron in plasma was not redox active. Moreover, oral L1 treatment eliminated LPI in patients. The approach enabled the assessment of LPI susceptibility to in vivo or in vitro chelation and the potential of LPI to cause tissue damage, as found in iron overload conditions. (Blood. 2003;102:2670-2677)
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De Swart, Louise, Jan C. M. Hendriks, Lisa Van der Vorm, Ioav Z. Cabantchik, Patricia J. Evans, Eldad A. Hod, Gary M. Brittenham, et al. "International Comparison Study of Toxic Iron Assays in Patients with Iron Overload Disorders." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4033.4033.
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Abstract Background: Imbalances in iron homeostasis result in a variety of disorders. Excess iron accumulates in the circulation and tissues of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), iron-loading anemia (β-thalassemia major and intermedia (Thal), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and sickle cell disease after transfusion (SCD). To prevent iron-induced tissue damage, detection of impending iron toxicity is needed before complications develop and become irreversible. Plasma non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) and its labile (redox active) component (LPI) are thought to be potentially toxic forms of iron identified in the serum of patients with iron overload. Objective: To increase our insights into NTBI and LPI concentrations measured by the current worldwide leading analytical assays in four different categories of iron overloaded patients (HH, Thal, MDS, transfused SCD) undergoing various treatments (phlebotomies, iron chelation, red blood cell transfusions). Methods: We compared 10 different assays (5 NTBI, 1 NTBI isoform specific and 4 LPI) as part of an international inter-laboratory study. Serum samples were from 60 patients with 4 iron overload disorders. Serum samples were split into two aliquots, coded (blinded), stored at -80°C and shipped for analysis to 5 different laboratories worldwide. Laboratories performed duplicate measurements on each aliquot of a serum sample on 2 different days, resulting in a total of 4 measurements for each sample. Some laboratories provided multiple assays. Results: NTBI and LPI measurements in the serum of iron-overloaded patients showed good reproducibility with a high between-sample (range 67.1-97.2%) and a low within-sample variance (0-2.2%) relative to the total variance of each assay. Absolute NTBI and LPI levels differed considerably between assays. Four assays (2 LPI and 2 NTBI) also reported negative values. LPI levels were ± 10% of the NTBI levels. Highest levels were observed in patients with naive HH and naive Thal intermedia, transfusion-dependent MDS and transfusion-dependent Thal major. These 4 patients groups also had the highest transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels, but only 3 of them were among the groups with the highest ferritin levels. Eight (4 LPI and 4 NTBI) of the 10 assays could discriminate well between iron overload diseases. In general correlations were highest within the same group of NTBI or LPI assays. Interestingly, one of the LPI assays showed better correlations with NTBI assays (range rs=0.85-0.90) than with the other LPI assays (range rs=0.61-0.77). In contrast, one of the NTBI assays showed better correlations with LPI assays (range rs=0.67-0.75) than with the other NTBI assays (range rs=0.50-0.59). The assays show a hyperbolic relation with TSAT; NTBI and LPI concentrations only substantially increase above a certain TSAT level of ~70% and ~ 90%, respectively. This is illustrated for both a representative NTBI (Figure 1A) and LPI assay (Figure 1B). This relation does not exist between any of the assays and ferritin (Figure 1C,D). Conclusions: While NTBI and LPI values of various assays are well correlated and discriminate between iron overload disorders, absolute values differed considerably between assays. Both standardization of assays and clinical outcome studies to determine clinically relevant toxic thresholds are needed. At present TSAT may provide a useful alternative in the clinical management of patients with iron overload. Figure 1: Relation between representative assays and TSAT, Ferritin. Assay results are given for day 2 as duplicate measurements (circle and square). Figure 1:. Relation between representative assays and TSAT, Ferritin. Assay results are given for day 2 as duplicate measurements (circle and square). Disclosures De Swart: Novartis Europe: Research Funding. Swinkels:Novartis Europe: Research Funding.
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Naoum, Flávio Augusto, Breno Pannia Esposito, Milton Arthur Ruiz, Rodolfo Cancado, and José Carlos Barros. "Assessmet of Labile Plasma Iron and Hepcidin in Patients Who Undergo Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4029.4029.
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Abstract Nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI) has been reported shortly after myeloablative conditioning in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and it is assumed that the appearance of unbound iron in this nontransfusion setting possibly reflects a major disturbance in body iron distribution, which is related mainly to its underutilization due to erythropoiesis suppression. There is a concern that labile plasma iron (LPI), the most toxic fraction of NTBI that includes the redox-active forms of iron, can be involved in the occurrence of toxicity and other complications commonly observed in the early post-HSCT period. Recently, we demonstrated that LPI levels, albeit normal at baseline measurements, increased substantially 48 hours after the start of conditioning in HSCT patients and remained increased until engraftment, when it returned to normal levels (Acta Haematol 2014;131:222-226). Here we provide a more detailed analysis of iron status in HSCT patients by adding determinations of hepcidin and standard iron parameters along with LPI in 25 adult patients undergoing first autologous HSCT following myeloablative conditioning. All iron parameters were determined before the start of conditioning (baseline), on day 0 (before stem cells infusion) and upon documented engraftment (Table). The fast and substantial increase in LPI levels on day 0, indeed reflected a disruption of iron homeostasis by conditioning, that was accompanied by a response in hepcidin and TfS levels. However, reutilization of iron by a restored erythropoiesis upon engraftment lead to a substantial drop in LPI, but not in hepcidin levels, possibly due to the fact that production of hepcidin by the liver is not only modulated by iron loading and erythropoietic activity, but also inflammation. Ferritin baseline levels were already increased and did not change throughout the study. Considering all determinations (baseline, day 0 and engraftment), hepcidin levels correlated positively with ferritin (r=0,43; p=0,01; Figure Panel A) and TfS (r=0,37; p=0,02; Figure Panel B); and LPI correlated positively with TfS (r=4,3; p=0,002; Figure Panel C), although increased LPI levels were observed with normal TfS levels in some patients. A tendency of correlation between hepcidin and LPI was found considering only baseline and day 0 levels (r=0,30; p=0,05; Figure Panel D). These results indicate that LPI reflected better the changes in iron status caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy in HSCT patients, and could serve as a target in the eventuality of chelation therapy in the early period of HSCT. The other iron parameters were probably influenced by inflammation, even upon engraftment, and would not behave as appropriate surrogate markers for increased LPI levels. *LPI levels <0.5μM are considered normal. † p<0,05 in relation to baseline levels. Figure. Correlations between LPI, hepcidin and transferrin saturation levels throughout the study. Figure. Correlations between LPI, hepcidin and transferrin saturation levels throughout the study. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Roper, Teryl R., and Robert A. Kennedy. "Photosynthetic Characteristics During Leaf Development in ‘Bing’ Sweet Cherry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 6 (November 1986): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.6.938.
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Abstract Potted sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees, grown under constant environmental conditions, were used to determine characteristics of leaf photosynthetic development separate from environmental influences. A maximum rate of photosynthesis of 38 mg CO2/dm2 (per hour) was reached at a leaf plastochron index (LPI) of 10, which is about 80% of full leaf expansion. During development, CO2 compensation points decreased to about 25 μl·liter−1 CO2 at LPI 12, but gradually increased to a value of about 35 for mature leaves. Of 3 leaf ages studied, (LPI 5, 10, and 15) response to low O2 was the least at LPI 10. Carboxylation efficiency doubled between LPI 5 and 10, while stomatal conductance was highest and mesophyll resistance was lowest from about LPI 10 to 13. Light saturation occurred at about 500 μmol·s−1·m−2, and optimal temperature for photosynthesis in sweet cherry was 19° to 25°C. Light and temperature effects were apparently independent of leaf age. Our results indicate major influences of leaf development on photosynthesis in sweet cherry and serve as the basis of continuing studies aimed at the importance of leaf developmental stage for cultural and production practices.
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Farazi, A. H., N. Ferdous, and A. S. M. M. Kamal. "LPI Based Earthquake Induced Soil Liquefaction Susceptibility Assessment at Probashi Palli Abasan Project Area, Tongi, Gazipur, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v10i2.34225.
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This study aims at evaluation of seismic soil liquefaction hazard potential at Probashi Palli Abasan Project area of Tongi, Gazipur, exploiting standard penetration test (SPT) data of 15 boreholes, following Simplified Procedure. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) of each borehole was determined and then cumulative frequency distribution of clustered LPI values of each surface geology unit was determined assuming cumulative frequency at LPI = 5 as the threshold value for liquefaction initiation. By means of geotechnical investigation two surface geological units—Holocene flood plain deposits, and Pleistocene terrace deposits were identified in the study area. We predicted that 14% and 24% area of zones topped by Pleistocene terrace deposits and zones topped by Holocene flood plain deposits, respectively, would exhibit surface manifestation of liquefaction as a result of 7 magnitude earthquake. The engendered hazard map also depicts site specific liquefaction intensity through LPI values of respective boreholes, and color index, which was delineated by mapping with ArcGIS software. Very low to low, and low to high liquefaction potential, respectively, was found in the areas covered by Pleistocene terrace deposits and Holocene flood plain deposits. LPI values of both units are such that sand boils could be generated where LPI > 5.
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Yun, Sung-Cheol, Ji Wook Hong, Kyung Rim Sung, and Jin Young Lee. "Effects of Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Subgroups of Primary Angle Closure Based on Iris Insertion." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/581719.
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Purpose. To investigate the effect of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in subgroups of primary angle closure based on iris insertion configuration.Methods. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images were obtained before and two weeks after LPI. Qualitative classification of angle closure eyes according to iris insertion (basal insertion group (BG) and nonbasal insertion group (NBG)) was performed. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens vault (LV), iris curvature, iris area, iris thickness (IT750), and angle opening distance (AOD750) 750 microns from scleral spur were calculated. Uni- and multivariate regression analysis was carried out to evaluate factors associated with AOD750before and after LPI.Results. Ninety-two eyes of 92 subjects were categorized as NBG (39 eyes) or BG (53 eyes). The mean change after LPI was not significantly different between two groups in all parameters. In both groups, AOD750was affected by ACD (p<0.001,p=0.044) before LPI. AOD750was affected by LV (p=0.012) in NBG, but by ACD (p<0.001) and IT750(p=0.039) in BG after LPI.Conclusions. The outcomes of LPI are not significantly different between angle closure subgroups with different iris insertions. However, factors affecting AOD750show differences between two subgroups after LPI.
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Bodoy, Sotillo, Espino-Guarch, Sperandeo, Ormazabal, Zorzano, Sebastio, Artuch, and Palacín. "Inducible Slc7a7 Knockout Mouse Model Recapitulates Lysinuric Protein Intolerance Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 5294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215294.
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Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare autosomal disease caused by defective cationic amino acid (CAA) transport due to mutations in SLC7A7, which encodes for the y+LAT1 transporter. LPI patients suffer from a wide variety of symptoms, which range from failure to thrive, hyperammonemia, and nephropathy to pulmonar alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a potentially life-threatening complication. Hyperammonemia is currently prevented by citrulline supplementation. However, the full impact of this treatment is not completely understood. In contrast, there is no defined therapy for the multiple reported complications of LPI, including PAP, for which bronchoalveolar lavages do not prevent progression of the disease. The lack of a viable LPI model prompted us to generate a tamoxifen-inducible Slc7a7 knockout mouse (Slc7a7−/−). The Slc7a7−/− model resembles the human LPI phenotype, including malabsorption and impaired reabsorption of CAA, hypoargininemia and hyperammonemia. Interestingly, the Slc7a7−/− mice also develops PAP and neurological impairment. We observed that citrulline treatment improves the metabolic derangement and survival. On the basis of our findings, the Slc7a7−/− model emerges as a promising tool to further study the complexity of LPI, including its immune-like complications, and to design evidence-based therapies to halt its progression.
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Hasanpour, Maryam, and Bhagwant Persaud. "Using microsimulation to investigate the optimal deployment of leading pedestrian intervals at signalized intersections." Traffic Safety Research 3 (December 27, 2022): 000022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55329/lilh3720.
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The provision of leading pedestrian intervals (LPI) has emerged in recent years to achieve safety equitability for pedestrians at signalized intersections. LPI is a way to provide the pedestrian walk interval a few seconds before starting the circular green indication to adjacent parallel traffic. Although the safety benefit of LPI is indisputable, there are fundamental questions that need to be addressed for the optimal deployment of this strategy. First, can significant safety benefits for pedestrians be achieved while maintaining a satisfactory operational level of service for vehicles? Second, what are the application circumstances most conducive to achieving the greatest safety benefits for pedestrians? Third, how can a jurisdiction effectively assess contemplated treatments to achieve optimal deployment? This exploratory paper addresses these three fundamental questions by reviewing relevant literature before presenting the research from the application of microsimulation to fifteen Toronto intersections where LPIs have been implemented. The microsimulation involved using a recently released module for accommodating LPI phasing in the PTV Vistro software. To directly address the first and second questions, vehicle-to-pedestrian conflicts and vehicle delay were estimated for ten scenarios that allowed for the provision of, and variability in the LPI interval, right turn volumes, right turn on red provision, pedestrian and vehicle volumes, and crossing width. The results suggest that significant safety benefits can be achieved for pedestrians while maintaining a satisfactory level of service for vehicles. They further suggest that potential LPI deployments need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis since the effects of LPI can be significantly impacted by the influencing factors investigated. Statistical models were developed to quantify the effects of LPI implementation on vehicle-to-pedestrian conflicts after controlling for pedestrian and turning vehicle volumes. The results of this exploratory investigation, though interesting and consistent with the literature and logical considerations, may not be generalizable in a strict sense. Nevertheless, the study does provide a blueprint for investigating the design, traffic, and operational factors that can influence the impact of LPI on pedestrian safety without detrimentally impacting vehicle level of service.
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Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk, Alina, Beata Urban, and Małgorzata Krętowska. "The Effectiveness of Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Adolescent Eyes with Ocular Hypertension and Concave Configuration of the Peripheral Iris." Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (February 28, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4068026.
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Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in preventing deterioration in eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT) and concave configuration of the iris. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective study, which was carried out within a period of 3–5 years. Twenty-four patients with OHT and concave irises were treated with LPI and followed up periodically. IOP, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), scleral spur angle (SSA), global neuroretinal rim (NRR) thickness, and global retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were examined before and after LPI. Results. The average age of the 24 patients was 14.21 ± 1.41 (13–17.5) years on admission. The initial IOP of the 48 eyes was 23.21 ± 1.56 mmHg in RE and 22.96 ± 2.1 mmHg in LE before LPI. All 48 eyes had concave irises in both eyes. All eyes treated with LPI have shown iris flattening, which has persisted during follow-up (mean 1.54 ± 0.9 years). At the last follow-up visit, the average IOP was 17.58 ± 2.63 (14–21) mmHg in RE and 17.58 ± 2.86 (14–21) mmHg in LE, which was statistically lower than that of the baseline ( p < 0.001 ). There were significant changes in SSA in both eyes and global RNFL in RE after LPI. Conclusions. In the current study, LPI resulted in an IOP-lowering effect and iris flattening in adolescent eyes with a concave configuration of the peripheral iris.
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Brisson, Erwan, Ulrich Blahak, Philippe Lucas-Picher, Christopher Purr, and Bodo Ahrens. "Contrasting lightning projection using the lightning potential index adapted in a convection-permitting regional climate model." Climate Dynamics 57, no. 7-8 (June 18, 2021): 2037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05791-z.
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AbstractLightning climate change projections show large uncertainties caused by limited empirical knowledge and strong assumptions inherent to coarse-grid climate modeling. This study addresses the latter issue by implementing and applying the lightning potential index parameterization (LPI) into a fine-grid convection-permitting regional climate model (CPM). This setup takes advantage of the explicit representation of deep convection in CPMs and allows for process-oriented LPI inputs such as vertical velocity within convective cells and coexistence of microphysical hydrometeor types, which are known to contribute to charge separation mechanisms. The LPI output is compared to output from a simpler flash rate parameterization, namely the CAPE $$\times$$ × PREC parameterization, applied in a non-CPM on a coarser grid. The LPI’s implementation into the regional climate model COSMO-CLM successfully reproduces the observed lightning climatology, including its latitudinal gradient, its daily and hourly probability distributions, and its diurnal and annual cycles. Besides, the simulated temperature dependence of lightning reflects the observed dependency. The LPI outperforms the CAPE $$\times$$ × PREC parameterization in all applied diagnostics. Based on this satisfactory evaluation, we used the LPI to a climate change projection under the RCP8.5 scenario. For the domain under investigation centered over Germany, the LPI projects a decrease of $$4.8\%$$ 4.8 % in flash rate by the end of the century, in opposition to a projected increase of $$17.4\%$$ 17.4 % as projected using the CAPE $$\times$$ × PREC parameterization. The future decrease of LPI occurs mostly during the summer afternoons and is related to (i) a change in convection occurrence and (ii) changes in the microphysical mixing. The two parameterizations differ because of different convection occurrences in the CPM and non-CPM and because of changes in the microphysical mixing, which is only represented in the LPI lightning parameterization.
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Vongsilapavattana, Varun, Wallop Iemsomboon, and Raveewan Chootanom. "Corneal Endothelial Cell Changes in The Eyes of Primary Angle Closure Suspects Treated Using Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Compared with Untreated Fellow Eyes at Phrarongkutklao Hospital." Journal of Southeast Asian Medical Research 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.55374/jseamed.v2i2.15.
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Objective: The study’s primary outcome was to compare corneal endothelial cell in the eyes of Primary Angle Closure Suspects (PACS) treated by laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and in untreated fellow eyes. The secondary outcome was to assess short-term effects of LPI on the corneal endothelium among PACS. Study design: The study employed a prospective design MethodsL PACS visiting Phramongkutklao Hospital were enrolled in the study. Data were collcted regarding type and setting of laser parameters, endothelial cell counts and morphology, gonioscopy and underlying diseases. Randomized eyes were treated using LPI while the other eye was treated by LPI 3 months later. Rate of corneal endothelium loss in the treated eyes were assessed and compared with untreated fellow eyes. Primary outcome was interpreted by pair t-test while secondary outcome was interpreted using the ANOVA test. Results: A total of 31 PACS (62 eyes) were included in the study. The medium age was 67 years (range 43-90). PACS totaled 21 females (67.7%) and 10 males (32.3%). The mean total power of double frequency Nd:YAG (532 nm) laser and Nd:YAG laser, were 855.6+-53.9 mW and 2.3+-0.5 mJ, respectively. Concerning primary outcomes, the mean coeneal endothelial cell density before LPI and postLPI 3 months was 2608.5+-399.8 and 2605.6+-397, respectively, 1 cellmm2. In untreated fellow eyes, the mean corneal endothelial cell density at 1 and 3 months was 2607.1+-419.6 and 2605.0+-403.2 cell/mm2, respectively. No significance was found in rate of endothelial cell change between treated and untreated fellow eyes using LPI (p=0.981). Regarding secondary outcomes, corneal endothelial cell density did not decrease significantly in 3 months (p=0.126) Conclusion: No difference was observed in corneal endothelial cell changes between treated and untreated fellow eyes using LPI over 3 months. LPI did nit affect corneal endothelial cell in a short term period
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Ruban, Emily L., Riccardo Ferro, Syamsul Ahmad Arifin, and Marco Falasca. "Lysophosphatidylinositol: a novel link between ABC transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 5 (September 18, 2014): 1372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140151.
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Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is a well-known bioactive lipid that is able to activate signalling cascades relevant to cell proliferation, migration, survival and tumorigenesis. Our previous work suggested that LPI is involved in cancer progression since it can be released in the medium of Ras-transformed fibroblasts and can function as an autocrine modulator of cell growth. Different research groups have established that LPI is the specific and functional ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and that this GPR55–LPI axis is able to activate signalling cascades that are relevant for different cell functions. Work in our laboratory has recently unravelled an autocrine loop, by which LPI synthesized by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is pumped out of the cell by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter C1 (ABCC1)/multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), initiating a signalling cascade downstream of GPR55. Our current work suggests that blockade of this pathway may represent a novel strategy to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
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Choi, Gyeung Ho, Yon Jong Chung, and Sung Bin Han. "Comparison study between mixer and liquefied petroleum injection system fuel supply methods in a heavy-duty single cylinder engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34748.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to analyse the combustion and emission characteristics of a heavy-duty single cylinder engine (HDSCE) with a mixer and a liquefied petroleum injection (LPi) system. The mixer and LPi systems provide liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in vapour and liquid phases throughout the intake manifold. Sensors such as the crankshaft position sensor (CPS) and Hall sensor supply spark and injection timing data to the ignition controller. An HDSCE runs at an engine speed of 800–1400 r/min, a compression ratio (CR) of 8, and a relative air-fuel ratio (Λ) value of 0.8–1.3. The major conclusions of this work include: LPi and mixer systems exhibit similar brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) levels of 275g/kWh. Fuel efficiencies of LPi and mixer methods are almost identical. All these methods exhibit generally similar CO emission properties, and LPi wide-open throttle (WOT) and mixer WOT methods exhibit similar NOx emission properties.
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Masuarah, Yayik, Indra Suhendra, and Umayatu Suiroh Suharto. "The Impact of Economic and Social Variables on ASEAN Logistics Performance." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 13, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v13i12021p036.
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The research to understand variable influence economic and social variables which include investment, port infrastructure, and labour on the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) in ASEAN countries. The decider of the sample is based on Crossection and Time series data of eight countries in ASEAN on the 2015-2018 period. Source of research data were obtained from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). This study uses panel data analysis method with a fixed-effect model. Based on the results of the partial test (t-test), the investment variable showed a positive effect on the Logistics Performance Index (LPI). While for Labor and Economic Stability are negative effects on the Logistics Performance Index (LPI). And port infrastructure is no effect on the Logistics Performance Index (LPI). Also, based on simultaneous results (F-Test) indicates investment, port infrastructure, labour and economic stability have a significant effect on the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) in ASEAN countries on 2015-2018.
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Qian, Hongxia, Fanghua Guo, Hua Xiong, Hua Zhang, Li Jiang, and Yong Sun. "The Interactional Characterization of Lentil Protein Isolate (LPI) with Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside (C3G) and Their Effect on the Stability and Antioxidant Activity of C3G." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010104.
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The interaction between lentil protein isolate (LPI) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) was investigated via with UV–vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy and the stability of anthocyanin was also evaluated. After LPI mixed with C3G, the turbidity and foaming capacity increased and the particle size and surface charge did not change significantly, while the surface hydrophobicity decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The fluorescence results indicated that C3G quenched the intrinsic of LPI by static quenching and LPI bound with C3G via hydrophobic effects with Ka of 3.24 × 106 M−1 at 298 K. The addition of LPI significantly (p < 0.05) slightly decreased the thermal and oxidation degradation of C3G by up to 90.23% and 54.20%, respectively, while their antioxidant activity was inhibited upon mixing. These alterations of physicochemical properties might be attributed to their structural changes during the interaction. The obtained results would be of help in stabilizing bioactive compounds and the development of functional foods.
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Indrawati, Yuli. "The Concept of Additional State Capital to Cover the Lack of Capital in the Indonesian Investment Management Agency (LPI)." Jurnal Konstitusi 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 704–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk2048.
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The Investment Management Agency (LPI) is a sui generis institution managing long-term investment in Indonesia. This investment carries high business risks. UU Cipta Kerja and PP LPI regulates that should a loss that reduces the initial capital by 50%, the Government “can” increase the capital of LPI. The research problems are the concept of increasing capital to cover LPI’s initial capital shortage and its supporting mechanism to achieve state goals. This research uses a normative juridical method with a multi-disciplinary approach. The results are that the Constitutional Court as “the Guardian of the Constitution” must emphasize the concept of additional capital to cover LPI’s capital shortage must be interpreted, that the State is “obligated” to cover capital shortage as long as the existence of LPI is deemed necessary to add significant value for revenue. The approval from DPR is required to increase LPI capital, in order to achieve state goals.