Academic literature on the topic 'LSCs'
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Journal articles on the topic "LSCs"
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Robertson, Sarah Y. T., JoAnn S. Roberts, and Sophie X. Deng. "Regulation of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells: Importance of the Niche." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (2021): 11975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111975.
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Limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LSCs) reside in a niche that contains finely tuned balances of various signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, BMP, Shh, YAP, and TGFβ. The activation or inhibition of these pathways is frequently dependent on the interactions of LSCs with various niche cell types and extracellular substrates. In addition to receiving molecular signals from growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble molecules, LSCs also respond to their surrounding physical structure via mechanotransduction, interaction with the ECM, and interactions with other cell types. Damage to LSCs or their niche leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). The field of LSCD treatment would greatly benefit from an understanding of the molecular regulation of LSCs in vitro and in vivo. This review synthesizes current literature around the niche factors and signaling pathways that influence LSC function. Future development of LSCD therapies should consider all these niche factors to achieve improved long-term restoration of the LSC population.
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Zdraveva, Emilija, Krešo Bendelja, Luka Bočkor, Tamara Dolenec, and Budimir Mijović. "Detection of Limbal Stem Cells Adhered to Melt Electrospun Silk Fibroin and Gelatin-Modified Polylactic Acid Scaffolds." Polymers 15, no. 3 (2023): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15030777.
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Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are of paramount importance in corneal epithelial tissue repair. The cornea becomes opaque in case of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), which may cause serious damage to the ocular visual function. There are many techniques to restore damaged epithelium, one of which is the transplantation of healthy cultured LSCs, usually onto a human amniotic membrane or onto bio-based engineered scaffolds in recent years. In this study, melt electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) was modified by silk fibroin or gelatin and further cultured with LSCs originating from three different donors. In terms of physicochemical properties, both modifications slightly increased PLA scaffold porosity (with a significantly larger pore area for the PLA/gelatin) and improved the scaffolds’ swelling percentage, as well as their biodegradation rate. In terms of the scaffold application function, the aim was to detect/visualize whether LSCs adhered to the scaffolds and to further determine cell viability (total number), as well as to observe p63 and CK3 expressions in the LSCs. LSCs were attached to the surface of microfibers, showing flattened conformations or 3D spheres in the formation of colonies or agglomerations, respectively. All scaffolds showed the ability to bind the cells onto the surface of individual microfibers (PLA and PLA/gelatin), or in between the microfibers (PLA/silk fibroin), with the latter showing the most intense red fluorescence of the stained cells. All scaffolds proved to be biocompatible, while the PLA/silk fibroin scaffolds showed the highest 98% viability of 2.9 × 106 LSCs, with more than 98% of p63 and less than 20% of CK3 expressions in the LSCs, thus confirming the support of their growth, proliferation and corneal epithelial differentiation. The results show the potential of these bio-engineered scaffolds to be used as an alternative clinical approach.
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Sudha, Kumari. "A Study to Evaluate the Rate of Caesarean Deliveries, Various Indications of the Procedure as well as the Associated Maternal Morbidity and Mortality." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581340.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate the prevalence of cesarean section in a tertiary care hospital. <strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study on women who underwent LSCS over a period of 1 year. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katihar Medical College and Hospital,Katihar, Bihar, India . Out of the 489 deliveries, 200 were delivered by cesarean section. Variables including age, parity, gestational age, CS timing (elective or emergency), and indications for LSCS were collected from their case records and entered in the proforma. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 489 deliveries were performed in the study duration of 1 year, of which 200 cases underwent cesarean section. The LSCS prevalence was 40.89% in our institution. We have assessed the common indications of LSCS performed in this study population. The majority of the LSCS were delivered between 37-40 weeks (69.5%) of gestation. Mode of conception was spontaneous for 96.5%, and 3.5% received infertility treatments the distribution of various indications for LSCS in the study population. LSCS was mostly done for ‘previous LSCS’ indication (87 cases, 43.5%), followed by failure of induction of labor (45 cases, 22.5%). Fetal distress was an indication in 18 cases (9%), Breech presentation in 13 cases (6.5%), PPROM in 11 (5.5%), CPD in 10(5%). Diabetes mellitus was found in 10% of the total LSCS population and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) in 4%. It was found that the lower segment was well formed in 90.5%, was thin in 5% and not formed in 4.5% of the study population. Adhesions were observed in 3% and scar dehiscence was present in 1% of cases. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Although LSCS indications seen in our institute are the same in most institutions worldwide, efforts should be made to focus on reducing the primary LSCS rates thereby reducing the most common indication of previous LSCS in subsequent pregnancies.
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Sudha, Kumari. "A Study to Evaluate the Rate of Caesarean Deliveries, Various Indications of the Procedure as well as the Associated Maternal Morbidity and Mortality." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 78–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12581600.
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<strong>Aim:</strong> To evaluate the prevalence of cesarean section in a tertiary care hospital. <strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study on women who underwent LSCS over a period of 1 year. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Katihar Medical College and Hospital,Katihar, Bihar, India . Out of the 489 deliveries, 200 were delivered by cesarean section. Variables including age, parity, gestational age, CS timing (elective or emergency), and indications for LSCS were collected from their case records and entered in the proforma. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 489 deliveries were performed in the study duration of 1 year, of which 200 cases underwent cesarean section. The LSCS prevalence was 40.89% in our institution. We have assessed the common indications of LSCS performed in this study population. The majority of the LSCS were delivered between 37-40 weeks (69.5%) of gestation. Mode of conception was spontaneous for 96.5%, and 3.5% received infertility treatments the distribution of various indications for LSCS in the study population. LSCS was mostly done for ‘previous LSCS’ indication (87 cases, 43.5%), followed by failure of induction of labor (45 cases, 22.5%). Fetal distress was an indication in 18 cases (9%), Breech presentation in 13 cases (6.5%), PPROM in 11 (5.5%), CPD in 10(5%). Diabetes mellitus was found in 10% of the total LSCS population and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) in 4%. It was found that the lower segment was well formed in 90.5%, was thin in 5% and not formed in 4.5% of the study population. Adhesions were observed in 3% and scar dehiscence was present in 1% of cases. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although LSCS indications seen in our institute are the same in most institutions worldwide, efforts should be made to focus on reducing the primary LSCS rates thereby reducing the most common indication of previous LSCS in subsequent pregnancies.
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Khan, Imran Ahmed, Harish Chandra Tiwari, and Najma Malik. "Factors influencing the choice of caesarean delivery and their satisfaction among pregnant women attending maternity hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh." Indian Journal of Community Health 35, no. 3 (2023): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.014.
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Introduction: The birth of a baby through the vaginal route is a traditional way of delivery. But, at times normal vaginal delivery is not desirable due to various reasons. Under such circumstances, Lower section caesarean section (LSCS) is carried out to deliver the baby safely. There are rising concerns about the increasing rate of caesarean sections with wide variations in rates across the globe. Factors that influence the decision to perform a LSCS are often complex and multifactorial. Understanding these complexities is one of many steps to help stop the rise of any unnecessary LSCSs or prevent their over-use. Aim: To find out factors influencing the choice of caesarean delivery among recently delivered mothers through caesarean section and within puerperium. Method: A cross-sectional survey using pretested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was done between December 2022 to February 2023 among patients recently delivered through caesarean section and within puerperium. Result: A total of 250 participants were approached over a three-month period. Among them, 211 completed the survey. The majority of participants were in the age group 25 to 30 years, Hindu by religion, and residents of rural areas. Sixty-four participants perceived that LSCS was done for the safety of the baby. Educational status (p<0.001), place of previous delivery (p<0.001), and count of current LSCS (p=0.016) were the factors associated with caesarean delivery satisfaction and it was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: About one-third of the participants perceived that LSCS was done for the safety of the baby. The majority of participants were satisfied with the decision of LSCS.
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Su, X., Y. Liu, M. Bakkar, et al. "Labial Stem Cell Extract Mitigates Injury to Irradiated Salivary Glands." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 3 (2020): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519898138.
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Stem cell–based therapies could provide a permanent treatment for salivary gland (SG) hypofunction caused by ionizing radiation (IR) injury. However, current challenges for SG stem cells to reach the clinic include surgical invasiveness, amount of tissue needed, cell delivery, and storage methods. The objective of this study was to develop a clinically less invasive method to isolate and expand human SG stem cells and then to obtain a cell-free extract to be used as a therapy for IR-injured SGs. Human labial glands were biopsied, and labial stem cells (LSCs) were expanded by explant culture. The LSC extract (LSCE) was obtained by releasing the cellular components after 3 freeze-thaw cycles and 17,000 g force centrifugation. LSCE was injected intravenously into mice that had their SGs injured with 13-Gy IR. Positive (non-IR) and negative (IR) control mice received injections of saline (vehicle control). Three pieces of labial glands (0.1 g weight) could expand 1 to 2 million cells. LSCs had a doubling time of 18.8 h; could differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes; and were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers. Both angiogenic (FGF-1, FGF-2, KGF, angiopoietin, uPA, VEGF) and antiangiogenic factors (PAI-1, TIMP-1, TSP-1, CD26) were detected in LSCE. In addition, some angiogenic factors (PEDF, PTX3, VEGF) possessed neurotrophic functions. Mice treated with LSCE had 50% to 60% higher salivary flow rate than saline-treated mice at 8 and 12 wk post-IR. Saliva lag time measurements also confirmed that LSCE restored SG function. Histologic analyses of parotids and submandibular glands reported comparable numbers of acinar cells, blood vessels, and parasympathetic nerves and cell proliferation rates in sham IR and LSCE-treated mice, though significantly lower in saline-treated mice. An explant culture method can harvest a large number of LSCs from small pieces of labial glands. LSCE showed clinical potential to mitigate IR-injured SGs.
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Ikezoe, Takayuki, Yang Jing, Chie Nishioka, Shinsuke Kojima, Asako Takeuchi та Akihito Yokoyama. "Inhibition of STAT5 by IL-1β or the Inhibitor of Janus Kinases Stimulates Dormant Human Leukemia Stem Cells and Sensitizes Them to Anti-Leukemia Agents." Blood 114, № 22 (2009): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1597.1597.
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Abstract Abstract 1597 Poster Board I-623 Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are in a quiescent state, which maybe contributes to their drug-resistant character. It is essential to eradicate LSCs to develop curative therapy for leukemia. To verify molecular mechanisms by which LSCs maintain a dormant state, we examined the activity of the major pro-survival signal pathways in LSCs (CD34+/CD38- compartment) and non-LSCs (CD34+/CD38+ compartment) counterparts from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, n=3) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n=1) by FACS. Interestingly, LSCs compartment expressed a greater amount of the phosphorylated forms of STAT5 (p-STAT5) than non-LSCs counterparts in all patients. Further studies found that levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) were significantly down-regulated in LSCs compared with non-LSCs (p<0.05) and normal hematopoietic stem cells (p<0.01), as measured by real-time RT-PCR. Importantly, exposure of LSCs to IL-1b (50 ng/ml) dephosphorylated STAT5 and decreased the population of cells in a dormant state, as assessed by cell cycle analysis. In addition, blockade of JAK2/STAT5 signaling by the specific JAK2 inhibitor AZ960 stimulated cell-cycling in LSCs in conjunction with down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1. As expected, IL-1b and AZ960 sensitized LSCs to cytarabine and the inhibitor of the FLT3 kinase, as assessed by clonogenic assay. Moreover, this study found that LSCs expressed a greater amount of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL than non-LSCs counterparts. Exposure of LSCs to AZ960 potently induced apoptosis in parallel with down-regulation of Bcl-xL, as assessed by induction of the cleaved forms of PARP. Taken together, JAK2/STAT5 signaling may be a promising molecular target to eradicate LSCs in individuals with AML and ALL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Amrein, Michael A., Elias D. Bührer, Stefan Forster, et al. "Splenic CD24low Red Pulp Macrophages Provide an Alternate Niche for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126593.
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a typical stem-cell driven malignancy, driven by leukemia stem cells (LSCs). LSCs are resistant to conventional therapies. This resistance is mediated by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and interactions with the microenvironment. LSCs depend on signals from a specialized microenvironment, a so called niche, to maintain their stem cell characteristics. In CML the bone marrow (BM) as a niche is well-investigated and several therapeutic targets, which aim at LSCs by interrupting their interaction with the BM-niche are under investigation. However, even though splenomegaly is a hallmark of CML the contribution of the splenic microenvironment to CML development has not been studied so far. This project aims to investigate the role of the splenic microenvironment as an independent secondary LSC niche and its contribution to disease development. To induce a CML-like disease in mice we retrovirally transduced FACS-sorted Lineage- Sca-1+ cKit+ BM cells with pMSCV-p210BCR/ABL-IRES-GFP and injected the transduced cells into non-irradiated mice. To find out if the spleen contributes to disease development we induced CML in splenectomized and sham operated mice. Splenectomized mice survived significantly longer compared to sham operated controls (median survival 31 vs. 22 days; p=0.0006) with 20% of the splenectomized mice surviving longer than 90 days. Moreover, the number of LSCs in the BM of splenectomized mice was reduced 3.7-fold (p=0.002). Flowcytometric analysis of the spleen and BM compartments of CML bearing mice revealed that the majority of the leukemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs) were located in the spleen (19-fold more LSCs in the spleen; p =0.007). Moreover we found the leukemic compartment in the spleen to be enriched for LSPCs compared to the BM (20 % spleen vs. 10 % BM; % LSPCs of total leukemic cells; p=0.01). To confirm this phenotypic observation functionally we performed a limiting dilution transplantation of leukemic cells from spleen and BM. In line with the phenotypic observation we found a higher frequency of LSCs in the spleen compared to the BM (1/41'703 vs. 1/432'594; p=0.02). We next analyzed the gene expression of LSPCs from spleen and BM. We found that the gene expression profile of splenic LSPCs showed higher expression of stemness-related genes and reduced expression of myeloid differentiation genes compared to BM LSPCs, indicating that the spleen is more supportive of primitive LSPCs. Knowing that the spleen contributes to disease development by providing an alternate niche for LSCs we next analyzed the spleens using confocal microscopy. We found that the LSCs resided exclusively in the red pulp. Previous studies have shown that HSCs reside in direct contact with red pulp macrophages (RPMs) during extramedullary hematopoiesis (Dutta et al., JEM, 2015). In addition we found that in spleens from human CML patients CD34+ leukemia cells localized together with macrophages (p=0.001). Furthermore we could show that RPMs are capable of producing both SCF and G-CSF. To test the role of RPMs as a potential niche component in vitro we co-incubated LSCs and RPMs overnight before plating the LSCs in a colony formation assay. We found that the co-incubation with RPMs improved the colony formation capacity of LSCs (CFUs 166 vs. 138; p=0.0356). To test the role of RPMs in vivo we depleted macrophages in CML mice using clodronate liposomes. This resulted in significantly reduced splenomegaly (867mg vs. 249mg; p<0.0001) and reduced numbers of splenic LSCs (23-fold; p=0.001). This was further confirmed in a genetically engineered mouse model lacking RPMs (Spic-/-) (735mg vs. 450mg; p=0.0112 and 22-fold fewer LSCs; p<0.0001). Finally, while in naïve mice RPMs can be differentiated into a CD24low and CD24high population, the CD24high population is lost in CML bearing mice. In summary, we found that the spleen provides an alternate niche for LSCs, thereby contributing to CML development. Compared to the BM niche the splenic niche is more supportive of primitive LSPCs, as shown by the higher frequency of LSCSs found in the spleen and the higher expression of stemness related genes in splenic LSCs compared to BM LSCs. Moreover we identified CD24low RPMs as a unique and central component of the splenic LSC niche. Even though we could show that RPMs are capable of producing SCF and G-CSF the exact mechanisms by which RPMs support LSCs remains to be investigated. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Sharma, Neelam, and Anshul Jhanwar. "Study of incidence, trends and determinants of caesarean section in tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 7 (2018): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182504.
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Background: Lower Segment Caesarean section (LSCS) is recommended when vaginal delivery might pose a risk to the mother or baby. Worldwide rise in LSCS rate during the last three decades, has been the cause of alarm and needs an in-depth study.Methods: It was a retrospective, observational study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Jhalawar medical college, Jhalawar. Data were obtained from medical record database of patients admitted for deliveries from October 2017 to March 2018 over period of six months. The total number of patients delivered and the number of LSCS done were counted to find the incidence of LSCS in our hospital. Age, parity and gestational age of the patients who underwent LSCS were tabulated.Results: In present study the incidence of LSCS was 31.1%. Of these cases 91% belonged to age group 20 -29 yrs. Emergency LSCS (72.1%) and primary LSCS (66.5%) were more common. The commonest indication of LSCS was previous LSCS in 35% followed by foetal distress, breech presentation, severe oligohydrominos and pre-eclampsia.Conclusions: In present study LSCS rate was high as compared to the WHO standard. The scheme like Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) may have a great impact on accepting institutional deliveries by poor women which may be a reason of the increase of LSCS in India. Utilization of antenatal care, better doctor patient communication, doctor’s commitment to reduce the rate of LSCS, may help to reduce the increasing rate of caesarean delivery.
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Satake, Noriko, Connie Duong, Sakiko Yoshida, et al. "Leukemia Stem Cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Unveiling Hierarchical Structure at Single Cell Resolution." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 4786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4786.4786.
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Abstract Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are the root of leukemia, and are responsible for drug resistance and disease relapse. However, LSCs have not yet been identified for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Among many challenges, lack of phenotypic markers is one of the major problems in identifying ALL LSCs. In this study, we demonstrated a novel method to isolate LSCs from both T- and B- cell ALLs and further characterized their transcriptome profile at the single cell level. We have recently identified a novel method to isolate ALL LSCs based on cellular metabolic activities. We demonstrated that these isolated LSCs had in vivo leukemia-initiating capability (LIC). We have developed a series of primary ALL xenograft mouse models using patient samples and NOD/SCID/IL2Rg-/- (NSG) mice. Leukemia cells harvested from several generations of these mice were used in this study. We isolated LSCs and non-LSCs from 4 different B-cell type ALL samples and transplanted them separately into healthy NSG mice. Cell numbers used varied between 5, 10, and 50,000 per mouse, and the number of the animals varied between three and eight per group. All the animals transplanted with LSCs developed leukemia between 5-14 weeks, whereas those transplanted with non-LSCs did not develop the disease within the same timeframe or by the end of the study, which was more than 4 months after leukemia development in the LSC group. In order to characterize and identify potential therapeutic targets in the LSCs, we investigated the transcriptome profile of these cells. First, we performed genomewide microarray gene expression profiling of RNA isolated from the LSCs and non-LSCs using 4 ALL cell lines (Reh, JM1, Jurkat, and Molt4). There were 173 genes which showed at least 2-fold difference in gene expression between the LSCs and non-LSCs. Using a panel of primer sets for the 100 genes exhibiting the highest difference in expression, we performed qRT-PCR for these genes in the isolated LSCs and non-LSCs from 11 primary ALL samples (10 B-cell and 1 T-cell type) transplanted and harvested from our NSG xenograft mouse models at different generations. There was a distinct difference in the transcriptome profile between the LSCs and non-LSCs in these primary ALL samples. Overall gene expression of 93 LSC signature genes was much lower in the LSCs than in the non-LSCs. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies allowed us to investigate cells at single cell resolution. Growing evidence suggests that cancer stem cells consist of heterogeneous cell populations (subclones). Therefore, we further investigated whether these isolated LSCs have subclones using the Fluidigm C1 and Biomark system. Preliminary results using a primary ALL sample harvested from our xenograft mouse model, indicate that there are at least two distinct subclones in the LSCs based on principal component analysis of the single cell data. In summary, we 1) developed a novel method to isolate ALL LSCs which have in vivo LIC, 2) demonstrated that isolated LSCs have a distinct transcriptome profile, and 3) discovered that the LSCs seem to consist of subclones. Currently we are in the process of performing detailed comprehensive transcriptome analyses and additional single cell transcriptome assays. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LSCs"
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Davis, Nathaniel J. L. K. "Applications of spectral management in optoelectronic devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/263670.
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The application and efficiency of optoelectronic devices depends on the ability to control the absorption and emission processes of photons in semiconductors. This thesis looks at three different applications of spectral management across a broad range of optoelectronic devices: photovoltaics (PVs), luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Multiple excitation generation (MEG) – a process in which multiple charge-carrier pairs are generated from a single optical excitation - is a promising way to improve the photocurrent in photovoltaic devices and offers the potential to break the Shockley-Queisser limit. Here we present solar cells fabricated from PbSe nanorods which show external quantum efficiencies exceeding 100 %. This demonstrates the potential for substantial improvements in PV device performance due to MEG. Through spatial and spectral concentration, LSCs have the potential to reduce the cost of photovoltaic energy production and are attractive prospects for photobioreactors and building-integrated applications. Here we introduce versatile star-shaped donor-acceptor molecules based on a central BODIPY acceptor with oligofluorene donor side units. We perform comprehensive device measurements and Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations of LSCs. We find that the measured structures permit waveguide propagation lengths on a par with state-of-the-art nanocrystalline emitters, while proposed hypothetical structures can be seen as viable candidates for photobioreactor and energy production roles and should be synthesized. The efficiency of nanocrystal-based LEDs is inherently limited by the types of crystals used. Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals exhibit photoluminescence quantum efficiencies approaching 100%. However, due to the large surface areas and anion mobility halogen exchange between perovskite nanocrystals of different compositions occurs rapidly, limiting applications. Here, we report significantly reduced halide exchange between chloride and iodide CsPbX3 (X= Cl, I) perovskite nanocrystals. We investigate perovskite-based multi-crystal component samples and their resulting optical and electrical interactions in bulk heterojunction LEDs. Efficient photon reabsorption from CsPbCl3 to CsPbI3 nanocrystals was found to improve LED device performance.
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BIONDI, MARTA. "Enhancing AML CAR CIK therapeutic potency increasing the localization of engineered cells in the malignant niche and its selectivity by LSCs specific targeting." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365153.
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La terapia CAR-T rappresenta un approccio promettente, ma ha riportato una ridotta efficacia nella leucemia mieloide acuta (AML), a causa dell’eterogeneità del tumore, dell’assenza di antigeni target AML-specifici e del ruolo del microambiente leucemico nella protezione dei blasti e delle cellule staminali leucemiche (LSC). La nicchia midollare, nella quale risiedono le LSC, è coinvolta in attività che promuovono la progressione leucemica e sopprimono l’ematopoiesi sana. Quindi ipotizziamo che bersagliare le LSC nascoste nella nicchia potesse migliorare l’efficacia delle CAR-T. Per testare la nostra ipotesi, abbiamo agito su due fronti: 1) promuovere una migrazione efficiente delle CAR-T nella nicchia midollare, 2) selezionare un antigene target ristretto ai blasti leucemici e alle LSC. Prima, abbiamo proposto una strategia per guidare le cellule CD33.CAR CIK (Cytokine-Induced Killer), una sottopopolazione di cellule T effettrici, verso la nicchia leucemica. La chemochina CXCL12, rilasciata dalle cellule mesenchimali stromali (MSC), nella nicchia midollare, e il suo recettore CXCR4, sono coinvolti nella regolazione della migrazione dei leucociti all’interno della nicchia. Quindi, abbiamo ipotizzato che sfruttare questo asse potesse migliorare la capacità di homing delle CD33.CAR-CIK nella nicchia e favorire l’eradicazione della leucemia. Tuttavia i protocolli di manipolazione ex vivo delle CD33.CAR-CIK riducono l’espressione di CXCR4, compromettendo la capacità delle cellule infuse di raggiungere la nicchia. Quindi per implementare la capacità di homing delle CD33.CAR-CIK nel microambiente midollare, abbiamo sviluppato delle CD33.CAR-CIK overesprimenti CXCR4, nella sua forma wild-type o iperattiva mutata. Le CIK ingegnerizzate con i costrutti CD33.CAR-CXCR4 hanno mostrato un consistente aumento dell’espressione di CXCR4, senza riportare alterazioni fenotipiche e nelle funzioni effettrici CAR-associate. Inoltre, rispetto alle CD33.CAR-CIK, le cellule CD33.CAR-CXCR4WT -CIK ed in particolare le CD33.CAR-CXCR4MUT-CIK hanno dimostrato non solo una superiore risposta chemotattica in vitro verso il CXCL12 ed i surnatanti delle MSC, ma anche un aumentato homing in vivo. In seguito, per promuovere lo sviluppo di un approccio CAR-T più efficace e sicuro, abbiamo proposto di re-indirizzare il CAR verso un antigene espresso selettivamente dalle cellule AML, ma assente sulle cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSC). TIM-3 è un immune checkpoint, svolge un ruolo centrale nella regolazione delle risposte immunitarie nell’AML e costituisce un marcatore selettivo per le LSC, senza essere espresso dalle HSC. Abbiamo disegnato un CAR di terza generazione diretto contro TIM-3, utilizzando la porzione scFv derivante da un anticorpo monoclonale anti-TIM-3. In vitro, le TIM-3.CAR-CIK hanno dimostrato di eliminare sia le linee AML che i blasti primari, senza dare tossicità verso le cellule TIM-3+ sane, come le CIK attivate, i monociti e le cellule NK. Inoltre, le TIM-3.CAR-CIK hanno eliminato in maniera selettiva le LSC (CD34+ CD38-). Infine, le TIM-3.CAR-CIK hanno mantenuto le loro capacità effettrici nonostante multiple ristimolazioni in vitro, gettando le basi per lo studio di questo costrutto in vivo. Complessivamente, entrambi gli approcci, uno implementando l’homing delle CAR-CIK alla nicchia midollare e l’altro conferendo una superiore selettività, potrebbero migliorare l’efficacia della terapia CAR-T nel contesto dell’AML.<br>Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has produced remarkable clinical responses in patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Unfortunately, CAR T-cells have not been equally successful in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to tumor heterogeneity, lack of truly AML-restricted target antigens and the role of leukemia microenvironment in blasts protection and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) maintenance. Specifically, the bone marrow (BM) niche, where LSCs reside, is involved in leukemia promoting activities whilst suppressing normal hematopoiesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting LSCs at their location may enhance the potency and selectivity of CAR-T cells. To address this issue, we have designed two aims: 1) promote rapid and efficient localization of CAR T-cells within the BM niche, 2) select a leukemia-restricted antigen to specifically target AML blasts and LSCs. First, we proposed to harness CD33.CAR-redirected Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) cells, an alternative effector T-cell population with acquired NK-like cytotoxic activity as well as minimal alloreactivity, to selectively route their activity to leukemia transformed niche. The chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), released by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the medullary niche, and its chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) are two pivotal players regulating leukocytes trafficking to the BM. In AML, CXCL12 interacts with CXCR4 overexpressed on blasts, promoting their migration and homing in the niche. Hence, taking advantage of this axis might facilitate CD33.CAR-CIK cells homing to the BM and therefore leukemia eradication. However, ex vivo manipulation protocols of CD33.CAR-CIK cells consistently downregulate CXCR4 expression and may affect the capacity of adoptively infused cells to migrate to BM and exert their anti-leukemic action. Therefore, to improve CD33.CAR-CIKs homing in the BM microenvironment we have developed CD33.CAR-CIK cells overexpressing CXCR4, in its wild-type or hyperactive mutant form. Notably, CIK cells engineering with CD33.CAR-CXCR4 constructs led to a consistent increase in CXCR4 expression, without altering CIK cells phenotype and CAR-related effector functions. Interestingly, compared to conventional CD33.CAR-CIK cells, CD33.CAR-CXCR4WT and especially CD33.CAR-CXCR4MUT-CIK cells demonstrated significantly superior in vitro chemotactic response toward CXCL12 and MSC-derived supernatants, and greater in vivo BM homing ability and persistence. Furthermore, to develop an effective anti-AML CAR T-cell therapy, it is fundamental to identify a LSC-specific marker, sparing the normal counterpart of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule, it plays a central role in immune responses in AML and it is an LSC-specific marker, lacking expression on HSCs. Therefore, we designed a third-generation anti-TIM-3.CAR using the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) derived from an antagonistic ligand-blocking anti-TIM-3 antibody. In vitro, TIM-3.CAR-CIK cells efficiently killed both AML cell lines and primary AML blasts, but not normal TIM-3+ activated CIK cells, monocytes and NK-cells. Notably, we observed selective elimination of primary LSC-enriched population (CD34+ CD38-). Furthermore, TIM-3.CAR-CIK cells maintained their effector functions despite multiple in vitro restimulations, setting the basis for further exploration in in vivo models. Overall, both approaches, one improving CAR-CIK cells homing to the transformed niche and the other conferring superior safety and selectivity, might improve the efficacy of anti-AML CAR-CIK therapy.
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Marianetti, Giulia. "Synthesis, optical characterization and computational study of novel organic fluorophores." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85811.
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Over the last three decades lot of interest has been devoted to light harvesting technologies. Recent findings on global warming and energy nonrenewable resources push us to alternative means of storing energy. Sunlight stands indeed as an ideal asset to take advantage of. In this insight
Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs) represent a way to decrease the cost of solar photovoltaics.
LSC devices usually consist in a thin slab of transparent material (glass or polymer) doped with a
fluorescent dye. Upon solar irradiation, a fraction of the emitted light, through means of internal
reflection, is collected at the edges of the device where photovoltaic cells are located. Compared to
traditional concentrators, which make use of mirrors and lenses, these devices show numerous
advantages, such as theoretical higher concentration factors, the ability to work with both diffuse and
incident light and no need for tracking devices or cooling apparatuses. Organic fluorescent dyes
bearing π-conjugated electron-donor and -acceptor moieties exhibit intramolecular charge-transfer
(ICT) properties, and can therefore show the optical properties required by LSCs such as high
quantum yield and high Stokes shift. On account of this, the present dissertation will discuss the
synthesis, UV-Vis characterization and computational study of a set of novel unsymmetrical and
symmetrical push-pull azole-based dyes. These compounds are characterized by a 1,3-azole 2,5
substituted with two aromatic moieties bearing electron withdrawing (EWG) or electron donating
(EDG) groups. Remarkably, the introduction of an heteroaromatic ring usually improves the thermal
and chemical stability and the overall polarizability of the fluorophore.
The studied compounds were prepared through a robust synthetic pathway involving a palladium
and copper-promoted direct C-H arylation reaction as key step. We took into account the effect of
the peripheral electron poor funtionality as well as the nature of the central heteroaromatic core. In
order to rationalize the experimental results we carried out TD-DFT studies, that allowed us to
proper understand the charge tranfer occuring during the electronic transition. After selecting the
best fluorophores for our aim, we investigated its efficiency in an LSC prototypes.
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Coppola, Carmen. "Design of novel organic compounds for the development of solar energy conversion devices." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1202089.
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In the last decades, the global perception of the energy crisis has encouraged the research to the development of novel technologies from renewable sources. In particular, great emphasis has been devoted to solar energy conversion devices. While the international photovoltaic market is still dominated by silicon-based solar cells, perovskite solar cells (PSCs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are considered as promising alternative technologies in terms of improved manufacturability and for the possibility to reduce the costs and enhance the light trapping of high efficiency silicon-based solar cells. Additionally, in the last years PSCs have become potentially competitive to silicon-based solar cells for their high efficiency, while DSSCs and LSCs have the great advantage to work under diffused light and they can be easily incorporated into the building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Despite the attractive features, these technologies still present some efficiency and instability issues related to their components. For this reason, the design of novel materials for highly performant and stable solar energy conversion devices has become an attractive and challenging issue involving worldwide researchers. In this context, this thesis addresses the design of novel organic compounds to be employed in PSCs, DSSCs and LSCs. In particular, the design of novel organic i) hole transport materials (HTMs) in PSCs, ii) sensitizers in DSSCs and iii) fluorophores in LSCs has been carried out with the aim of contributing to the development of potentially more efficient devices. To this end, state-of-the-art Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) methods represent powerful tools for the discovery of promising materials in the solar energy field. Here, they have mainly been applied for the prediction of the most relevant physical-chemical properties of the designed compounds and for the investigation of the structure-property relationships. In such a way it is possible to make an assessment of their suitability to be employed in the aforementioned devices. The outcomes of these studies would provide the fertile ground for future projects that will hopefully contribute to accelerate the research in this field. Indeed, the increased knowledge on the behavior of these materials is the key for boosting the development of solar energy conversion devices in the near future.
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Siengchum, Tritti. "Electrochemical Oxidation of Methane on Ni-Doped Perovskite Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1248205545.
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Vaelske, Veit. "lsis im Osten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19155.
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Die im Oktober 2011 verteidigte und mit der Note "summa cum laude" bewertete Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Auswertung aller bis 2011 bekannt gewordener Zeugnisse, die im Nahen Osten auf eine Kenntnisnahme und Verehrung der ägyptischen Götter Isis, Sarapis, Apis, Harpokrates etc. hindeuten. Eine grundlegende Materialaufnahme mithilfe eines DAAD-Stipendiums erfolgte 2003 bis 2004 in allen Levanteländern. Die im Zuge dieser Recherchen allerdings ausufernde Materialbasis führte dazu, den Fokus der Dissertation auf die südliche Levante zu richten. Zeitlich wurden vor allem die Jahrhunderte der hellenistischen und römischen Beherrschung des Gebiets näher untersucht.<br>This thesis, defended in October 2011 and rated "summa cum laude", evaluates testimonies that became known until 2011, which in the Middle East point to a recognition and worship of the Egyptian gods Isis, Sarapis, Apis, Harpocrates, etc. , Basic material was collected with the help of a DAAD scholarship in 2003-2004 in all Levant countries. However, in the course of these researches, a sprawling material base led to the focus of the dissertation on the southern Levant. In particular, the centuries of Hellenistic and Roman domination of the area were examined more closely.
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Mirzababaei, Jelvehnaz. "LSCF Synthesis and Syngas Reactivity over LSCF-modified Ni/YSZ Anode." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1312225644.
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Ståhl, Linett. "LSS - ”Luddig, suddig och svår” En kvalitativstudie om LSS handläggare." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2325.
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<p>En individ med funktionsnedsättning ställs varje dag inför en rad olika svårigheter i vårt samhälle och de är ständigt i behov av att samhället finns till hjälps för dem. Varje individ är olika och behöver därför olika hjälp för att klara sin vardag.</p><p>Sedan 1994 finns lagstiftningen Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade. Denna lag ska se till så att individer med vissa funktionsnedsättningar får rätt insatser så att de kan ha goda levnadsvillkor. De personer som ansvara för denna lag är LSS handläggare. Deras arbete är mycket betydelsefullt för individerna som är i behov av denna lag. Deras arbete består av en rad olika uppdrag, de ska följa lagens smala ramar samt individens behov men också följa kommunens tillgångar. Denna lag är en rättighetslag som innebär att individen har rätt till vissa insatser. I denna uppsats tittar jag närmar på hur en LSS handläggares arbetssituation ser ut, vilka problem och bekymmer kan de stötta på samt vad de egentligen anser om lagen. Jag har valt att använda en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. Detta för jag vill få en förståelse för hur LSS handläggare upplever sin arbetssituation och se erfarenheterna som den enskilda personen bär med sig. Jag har intervjuat sju LSS handläggare från fem olika kommuner. </p><p>För att förstå handläggarnas situation har jag tagit hjälp av tre olika sociologer, Ralph Lintons Rollteori, Max Webers teori om byråkrati samt idealtyper, C Wright Mills tolkning av koncepten problem och bekymmer.</p>
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Karlberg, Marlene, and Katarina Pettersson. "Barnperspektivet i LSS : en kvalitativ studie om LSS-handläggares uppfattning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11351.
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Syftet med uppsatsen var att belysa hur LSS-handläggare tolkade begreppet barnperspektiv och hur detta applicerades i utredningsarbetet. Vi har genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer med sex LSS-handläggare och resultaten analyserades med hjälp av teorin om sociala konstruktioner. I analysen av intervjuerna identifierades fem centrala teman som vi såg som förklarande faktorer angående hur LSS-handläggarna applicerade barnperspektivet i handläggningen. Dessa teman var utredningsförfarandet, avsaknaden av riktlinjer och utredningsmetod, barnperspektivet kontra barns perspektiv, delaktighet och inflytande samt kommunikation. Det framkom att avsaknaden av riktlinjer och utredningsmetoder medförde att LSS-handläggarna själva fick konstruera egna sätt för hur barnperspektivet skulle appliceras. Samtliga LSS-handläggare kunde definiera hur de själva uppfattade barnperspektivet men däremot hade de svårigheter att veta hur detta rent praktiskt skulle tillämpas. Analysresultatet visade att det mestadels var den vuxnes syn på barnperspektivet som var rådande och inte barnets egen syn på sin tillvaro. Kommunikationssårigheter var en bidragande orsak till bristen på delaktighet och inflytande hos barn med funktionsnedsättningar.<br>The purpose of this study was to elucidate how LSS administrators interpreted the concept of child perspective and how this was applied in the investigation. We conducted qualitative interviews with six LSS administrators and the results were analyzed using the theory of social constructions. The analysis of the interviews identified five key themes that we saw as explanatory factors regarding how LSS administrators applied the child perspective in the investigations. These themes were investigative procedure, the lack of guidance and investigation method, the child perspective versus the child´s own point of view, participation and influence, and communication. It was found that the lack of guidelines and methods of investigation led to the LSS administrators themselves had to construct their own way of how the child perspective should be applied. All LSS administrators could define how they perceived the child´s perspective but they had difficulty in knowing how this should be applied in practice. The analytical results showed that it was mostly the adult´s views on the child´s perspective that was present and not the child´s own view of his existence. Communication difficulties were a contributing factor to the lack of involvement and influence of children with disabilities.
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Andersson, Christina. "Kontaktperson enligt LSS : En studie av normförekomst i rättstillämpningen av LSS." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, SA, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21701.
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The aim of this study was to examine the occurence of norms in court cases regarding the Swedish law of support and service for disabled (Lag 1993:387 om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade) with the help of a discourse analysis method. More specifically its aim was to examine and identify norms in the different dictums/statements that were to be found in the court cases regarding the supportive institution "contact person" according to the Swedish law "LSS" with the help of a norm science approach. The aim was also to examine when the applicant was found to be entitled to a contact person according to the LSS-law. To be able to do this, the author studied thirty-four different court cases. In these cases six themes were found, that indicated the occurence of norms. The conclusion was that there were indeed norms occurring in the court cases, due to a normative legislation and therefore the interpretations of the legislation also become normative, but also due to the fact that judges and social workers incorporate their own internalized societal norms in their judgements.
Books on the topic "LSCs"
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Cook, M. Shelf life extension for the lot AAE nozzle severance LSCs: Final test report. Thiokol Corp., Space Operations, 1990.
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Collin, Clark, and California State Library, eds. LSCA final reports: Fourth series. California State Library, 1988.
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United States. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Library Programs., ed. LSCA programs: An action report. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1988.
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United States. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Library Programs., ed. LSCA programs, an action report II. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1989.
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Saunders, Christopher Thomas. Reflections on the LSMS group meeting. World Bank, 1985.
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Blanche, Woolls, Duck Pat, State Library of Pennsylvania, and University of Pittsburgh. School of Library and Information Science., eds. LSCA in PA: Projects worth sharing. State Library of Pennsylvania, 1990.
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United States. Office of Libraries and Learning Technologies. State and Public Library Services Branch., ed. Annual report on LSCA priorities, FY 1983. ERIC Document Reproduction Service, 1985.
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Corporation, Legal Services. Accounting guide for LSC recipients. [The Corporation], 1997.
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Michigan, Library of, ed. LSCA Title II construction grants: Summary of regulations. Library of Michigan, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "LSCs"
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Patzina, Sven, Lars Patzina, and Andy Schürr. "Extending LSCs for Behavioral Signature Modeling." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21424-0_24.
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Guo, Hai-Feng, and Mahadevan Subramaniam. "Symbolic Production Grammars in LSCs Testing." In Computer and Information Science 2012. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30454-5_8.
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Harel, David, and Rami Marelly. "The Language: Live Sequence Charts (LSCs)." In Come, Let’s Play. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19029-2_5.
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Maoz, Shahar, Jani Metsä, and Mika Katara. "Model-Based Testing Using LSCs and S2A." In Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04425-0_22.
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Brill, Matthias, Ralf Buschermöhle, Werner Damm, Jochen Klose, Bernd Westphal, and Hartmut Wittke. "Formal Verification of LSCs in the Development Process." In Integration of Software Specification Techniques for Applications in Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27863-4_27.
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Kotdawala, Parul J., and Munjal J. Pandya. "Difficulty in the Delivery of a Baby During LSCS." In Principles of Critical Care in Obstetrics. Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2692-5_34.
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Harel, David, Hillel Kugler, and Gera Weiss. "Some Methodological Observations Resulting from Experience Using LSCs and the Play-In/Play-Out Approach." In Scenarios: Models, Transformations and Tools. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11495628_2.
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Bhagyavardhan, B., V. S. Senthil Kumar, R. Manimaran, Mariam S. G. Yasmin, and Muthulingam Vivek. "Anaesthetic Considerations for LSCS Under Spinal Anaesthesia in a Short Statured, Kyphoscoliotic Patient with Poliomyelitis—A Case Report." In Recent Developments in Microbiology, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003618140-45.
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"LSCs." In Encyclopedia of Cancer. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_101380.
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Singh, Tania. "Previous LSCS." In Ward Rounds in Obstetrics and Neonatology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12789_28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "LSCs"
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Kagwade, S. V., C. R. Clayton, M. L. Du, and F. P. Chiang. "A Surface and Optical Study of the Influence of Stress on the Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95533.
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Abstract Chloride ion attack of Al 2024-T3 in aqueous NaCl leads to localized corrosion and creates sites for enhanced failure. The Laser Speckle Sensor (LSS) technique, a non-contact method which can detect minute surface roughness changes has been used to detect the damage caused by corrosion and fatigue. Non-uniform surface roughness due to corrosion and further changes due to subsequent fatigue testing has been observed by LSS. The change in surface roughness was found to be significant around the crack tip formed during fatigue testing. The synergism between corrosion and fatigue, may be studied with LSS.
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Choudhary, Riya, Kaushal Vairagi, Samir K. Mondal, and Sachin K. Srivastava. "Bessel Beam-Instigated Two-Fold SERS Enhancement in AuNP Structures Compare to Drop Casting." In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.17a_a34_6.
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Since the discovery of SERS, due to its high sensitivity, it has been widely used in various fields such as biosensing, chemical sensing, and food safety etc., [1]. In SERS, when a probe molecule is placed near a metallic nanostructure it feels a localized field generated due to localized surface plasmons (LSPs) which effectively amplifies its Raman signal. The LSPs are the collective oscillation of free electrons in metallic nanostructures [2]. For the fabrication of the SERS active substrates various methods have been introduced to arrange the metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in specific morphologies and arrangements [3]. Optical forces of a laser beam can be employed to arrange metallic NPs efficiently on a substrate [4].
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Arnow, Hannah, Noah Logan, Vincent Oliveto, Duncan Smith, Michael Hughes, and Diana-Andra Borca-Tasciuc. "Annual Energy Estimate of Asymmetric Light Transmitting Interface Luminescent Solar Concentrators." In ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-143623.
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Abstract The demand for on-site solar energy harvesting has increased over the years and is expected to surge due to more states and countries pursuing 100% clean energy. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) equipped with Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs) are explored as a way to harvest solar energy on vertical walls. However, a main drawback is their low optical efficiency due to escape cone losses. To increase the optical efficiency of the LSCs, Asymmetric Light Transmitting (ALT) interfaces have been proposed as a way to prevent light at normal incidence from escaping through the light-receiving surface. Previous studies have simulated the optical effcieincy of LSC instrumented with an ALT interface with trapezoidal pyramid nanostructures without a complete analysis of their impact on annual energy production. The goal of this paper is to investigate the annual energy production of an LSC instrumented with ALT consisting of trapezoidal nanostructures for two specific locations: Albany, NY, and Phoenix, AZ. This estimation is carried out for a vertical and optimum angle installation. Transmission data along with direction of propagation data were collected from COMSOL to model light propagation across the ALT nanostructured interface. This data was then incorporated into an in-house Monte Carlo (MC) ray tracing code to simulate light concentration within an LSC. The MC code provided optical efficiency and spectral mismatch factor as the outputs. This data was then used in a subsequent in-house energy estimate code to determine the annual energy production of the system. The ALT interface LSC showed minimal improvements in energy production at a vertical orientation, specifically during the months of November to January with a maximum improvement of 32.2% in December in Albany, NY. The results suggest that this specific geometry of ALT nanostructures performs optimally at a vertical orientation in locations with low polar incidence and azimuth angles. Further analysis must be done to determine a geometry that improves the performance of the LSC at higher incident angles.
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Wang, Qiange, Yiming Ma, Libing Zhou, and Jin Wang. "Electrical Characteristics Analysis of LSCs Under Composite Fault." In 2021 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc47953.2021.9449563.
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Arnow, Hannah, Vincent Oliveto, Duncan Smith, Michael Hughes, and Diana-Andra Borca-Tasciuc. "Modeling Periodic Asymmetric Light Transmitting Nanostructures for Luminescent Solar Concentrators Using COMSOL Multiphysics Wave Optics Module." In ASME 2024 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2024 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2024 18th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2024-121281.
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Abstract Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) have been developed to aid in meeting new net-zero legislation. BIPVs incorporating Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC) are actively investigated to improve utilization of solar cells on vertical walls. However, LSCs suffer from low efficiency due to escape cone losses. One way to increase LSC efficiency is by using Asymmetric Light Transmission (ALT) interfaces that prevent light from escaping the LSC at angles around normal incidence. ALT interfaces consisting of trapezoidal alumina pyramids have been shown effective at light trapping when added to the light-entering surface of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based LSC. However, the previous study overlooked the effect of azimuth angle of incidence. Given the geometry of the nanostructured interface, azimuth angle is anticipated to play a role in ALT interface performance. The goal of this paper is to investigate this aspect. Forward and backward transmission data and Poynting vector directional data were collected from COMSOLs Multiphysics Wave Optics Module for a trapezoidal pyramid ALT interface at varying azimuth angles. This data was then used with an in-house Monte Carlo Ray Tracing code to simulate light propagation within the LSC with the ALT interface and calculate the optical efficiency. Average transmission difference for increasing azimuth angles increased at lower polar angles yet decreased at higher polar angles. It was found that the optical efficiency for the ALT interface LSC improves in performance at higher azimuth angles compared to an LSC with a plain interface. This suggests that a horizontal orientation for the ALT interface LSC would be best for optimal performance.
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Almashqbeh, S. F. "Biomechanics of Regular and Lateral Stair Climbing." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85503.
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The kinematic and kinetic differences between two styles of stair climbing, namely regular stair climbing (RSC) and lateral stair climbing (LSC), was studied. A four-step wooden stair instrumented with two force plates was used as the action platform. The kinematic and kinetic recordings were collected using a 6-camera, 2-force plate commercial three-dimensional motion analysis system. The LSC activity was subdivided into LSCL activity, where the right leg was the leading leg, and LSCT.
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Ying, Shang-Ping, Bing-Mau Chen, and An-Ting Li. "The characteristics of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) using inorganic phosphors." In Nonimaging Optics: Efficient Design for Illumination and Solar Concentration XIV, edited by Sarah R. Kurtz and Roland Winston. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2272907.
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Sindhu and C. S. Sanikop. "Anaesthetic Management of Pregnant Woman with Coarctation of Aorta for LSCS." In ISACON KARNATAKA 2017 33rd Annual Conference of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA), Karnataka State Chapter. Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/isacon-karnataka/2017/ep051.
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Rupinder Singh, M. "ESRA19-0075 Effect of prophylactic intravenous ondansetron on maternal hemodynamics during elective lscs." In Abstracts of the European Society of Regional Anesthesia, September 11–14, 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2019-esraabs2019.149.
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Eggink, Wouter, and Angele Reinders. "Design it with LSCs; an exploration of applications for Luminescent Solar Concentrator PV technologies." In 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2017.8366790.
Full textReports on the topic "LSCs"
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Bell, Gary, Thomas Pokrefke, Cody Bryant, Cassandra Everett, and Cian Miller. Low-Sill Control Structure : physical modeling investigation—potential upstream dike fields. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49617.
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The model investigation reported herein describes the process to analyze the effects of proposed dikes in various locations upstream of the Low-Sill Control Structure (LSCS) using an existing 1:55 Froude-scaled physical model. The purpose of this effort was to utilize the physical model to explore potential configurations of river-training structures in the approach channel that would result in more uniform flow conditions at the structure. This analysis was conducted by constructing dikes out of both sandbags and rock. Each dike configuration was surveyed using lidar and then tested by collecting particle-tracking velocimetry data. A total of nine dike configurations were tested in the physical model, and the resulting flow fields in the approach channel were provided to the US Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division. Most configurations resulted in data that showed improved, straighter flow paths in the approach channel. The results of these tests indicated that an L-head dike configured as the 50 ft stone dike 1-23A provided relatively straight flow conditions approaching the LSCS with relative uniform velocities across the channel.
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Butler, Anthony, José Fernando Moreno Gutiérrez, Carlos León, and Kimmo Soramäki. Liquidity-Saving Mechanisms in Trade Credit Networks: Optimising Corporate Liquidity. FNA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/rthh6385.
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We suggest a similar approach to mitigate liquidity and counterparty risks in trade credit networks. By introducing a new Financial Market Infrastructure (FMI) that runs LSMs in trade credit networks, we can reduce the outstanding exposures among firms, reduce the payment terms, and mitigate potential risks arising from undesirable network and feedback loop effects. This way, by implementing LSMs, risks and potential amplification effects from trade credit exposures are mitigated while their potential contribution to firms’ growth, supply chain resilience, and economic activity is preserved. Besides, as this implementation of LSMs requires observing the trade credit network, new data for monitoring and policy-making is available for central banks and financial authorities.
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Alinger, Matthew. Performance Degradation of LSCF Cathodes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132601.
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Petrie, John, Yan Qi, Mark Cornwell, et al. Design of Living Barriers to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Illinois Freeways. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-019.
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Blowing snow accounts for a large part of Illinois Department of Transportation’s total winter maintenance expenditures. This project aims to develop recommendations on the design and placement of living snow fences (LSFs) to minimize snowdrift on Illinois highways. The research team examined historical IDOT data for resource expenditures, conducted a literature review and survey of northern agencies, developed and validated a numerical model, field tested selected LSFs, and used a model to assist LSF design. Field testing revealed that the proper snow fence setback distance should consider the local prevailing winter weather conditions, and snow fences within the right-of-way could still be beneficial to agencies. A series of numerical simulations of flow around porous fences were performed using Flow-3D, a computational fluid dynamics software. The results of the simulations of the validated model were employed to develop design guidelines for siting LSFs on flat terrain and for those with mild slopes (< 15° from horizontal). Guidance is provided for determining fence setback, wind characteristics, fence orientation, as well as fence height and porosity. Fences comprised of multiple rows are also addressed. For sites with embankments with steeper slopes, guidelines are provided that include a fence at the base and one or more fence on the embankment. The design procedure can use the available right-of-way at a site to determine the appropriate fence characteristics (e.g., height and porosity) to prevent snow deposition on the road. The procedure developed in this work provides an alternative that uses available setback to design the fence. This approach does not consider snow transport over an entire season and may be less effective in years with several large snowfall events, very large single events, or a sequence of small events with little snowmelt in between. However, this procedure is expected to be effective for more frequent snowfall events such as those that occurred over the field-monitoring period. Recommendations were made to facilitate the implementation of research results by IDOT. The recommendations include a proposed process flow for establishing LSFs for Illinois highways, LSF siting and design guidelines (along with a list of suitable plant species for LSFs), as well as other implementation considerations and identified research needs.
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Qi, Yan, Ryan Fries, Shambhu Saran Baral, and Pranesh Biswas. Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Snow Fences in Illinois: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-020.
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Serving as a windbreak, properly sited and designed snow fences have been proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of blowing snow. To achieve the best snow-control effects, the ideal locations for snow fences are usually outside the roadway right-of-way. Few efforts have been made to examine the economic efficiency of snow fences and explore ways to reward private landowners. The objective of this project was to develop methodologies for evaluation of the costs and benefits of snow fences in Illinois and identify ways to encourage private landowners’ participation in the snow fence program while keeping it cost-effective. The researchers conducted a literature review as well as agency and landowner surveys. They also acquired crash data, snow fence and blowing snow segment inventory data, and blowing snow removal expenditure data as well as performed benefit-cost analyses of three types of snow fences following Federal Highway Administration guides. The survey results suggested that standing corn rows (SCRs) and structural snow fences (SSFs) were the least intrusive options for landowners and living snow fences (LSFs) with trees were the most intrusive. Some concerns related to LSFs could be reduced by allowing landowners to play a role in the design and plant-selection process. The crash data indicated that no fatal and severe crashes occurred at snow fence segments, while several fatal and severe crashes occurred at blowing snow segments during 2012–2016. The results of the benefit-cost analyses showed that the benefit-cost ratios for LSFs and SSFs are comparable. However, LSFs are favorable over SSFs because little maintenance is needed after the plants are mature. Although SCRs have the highest benefit-cost ratio, the need to renew the agency-landowner agreement annually and the alternating of crops planted may limit their snow-control effectiveness and large-scale implementation. A tool was developed using MS Excel to facilitate the benefit-cost analysis of snow fences.
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León, Carlos, and Kimmo Soramäki. The Next Generation RTGS: Liquidity Saving Mechanisms as an Overlay Service. FNA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/cfcz133.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1985 and 2006, a total of 96 central banks implemented Real-time Gross Settlement (RTGS) systems. The adoption of this technology was driven to reduce risks inherent in the then-predominant Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) systems. However, because RTGS systems consume large amounts of liquidity when each payment is settled individually, many RTGS systems (e.g., CHAPS and Target2) implemented Liquidity-Saving Mechanisms (LSMs) of varying complexity, with most deploying variations of the algorithm presented by Morten Bech and Kimmo Soramäki (the co-author) in 2001. Many of these systems are now at the end of their investment cycle, and a conversation has begun on what technology the next generation of RTGS systems should employ. In this paper, we argue that the concept of an LSM Overlay Service that separates the functioning of the core central bank ledger, the RTGS system, and the LSMs has several benefits over existing system architectures. An LSM Overlay Service will rearrange how interbank payments are processed. This service overlays the RTGS system with LSMs that resequence (and in case of PvP or DvP synchronise) payment orders before they reach a "thin" RTGS system with very basic operational processing functionality. Introducing the LSM Overlay Service unlocks many benefits for financial institutions while preserving the central bank's mandate to guarantee the safe and efficient functioning of the payment system with a more resilient service at a lower cost.
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Widjaja, I., and A. Elwalid. Performance Issues in VC-Merge Capable ATM LSRs. RFC Editor, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2682.
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Berger, L., A. Takacs, D. Caviglia, D. Fedyk, and J. Meuric. GMPLS Asymmetric Bandwidth Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs). RFC Editor, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5467.
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Takacs, A., L. Berger, D. Caviglia, D. Fedyk, and J. Meuric. GMPLS Asymmetric Bandwidth Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs). RFC Editor, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6387.
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Ginsberg, L., S. Previdi, and Y. Yang. IS-IS Flooding Scope Link State PDUs (LSPs). RFC Editor, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7356.
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