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Layden, Aisling. "Global study of lake surface water temperature (LSWT) behaviour and the tuning of a 1-dimensional model to determine the LSWTs of large lakes worldwide." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9928.
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Lake surface water temperatures (LSWTs) of 246 globally distributed large lakes were derived from Along-Track Scanning Radiometers (ATSR) for the period 1991 to 2011. These LSWTs, derived in a systematic manner, presents an ideal opportunity to study LSWT behaviour on a global scale. In this thesis, the annual cycles of lake-mean LSWTs derived from these data quantify the responses of large lakes’ surface temperatures to the annual cycle of forcing by solar radiation and the ambient air temperature. Minimum monthly net surface solar irradiance (netSSI) strongly influences minimum LSWTs of non-seasonally ice covered lakes (where lake-mean LSWT remains above 1 ºC throughout the annual cycle), explaining > 0.88 (R2 adj) of the inter-lake variation in both hemispheres. In some regions, for seasonally ice covered lakes (where lake-mean LSWT remains below 1 ºC for part of the annual cycle) the minimum monthly netSSI is a better predictor than latitude, of the length of the frozen period, which shows the importance of local cloud climatological conditions. Additionally, at lake locations between 1º S to 12º N, the netSSI, shown to peak twice annually, is reflected in the LSWT annual cycle. The summer maximum LSWTs of lakes from 25º S to 35º N show a linear decrease with increasing altitude; -3.76 + 0.17 ºC km-1 (R2 adj = 0.95), marginally lower than the corresponding air temperature -4.15 + 0.24 ºC km-1 (R2 adj = 0.95) decrease with altitude. The start and end of the period where the lake-mean LSWT is greater than 4 ºC shows strong correlation with the spring and autumn 0 ºC air temperature crossing days, (R2 adj = 0.74 and 0.80 respectively). The temporally and spatially resolved LSWT observations allows for a greater practical understanding of LSWT behaviour of large lakes. For example, lakes with a greater LSWT annual range have more observed variability in the LSWT extremes, highlighting that they may be more responsive to changes in the climate than lakes with a low annual range. The nighttime LSWT trends show stronger warming than day-night trends in the all regions, except Europe. The lake centre LSWT trends and absolute values can be generally considered representative of the lake-mean LSWT trends and absolute values. The observed LSWT time series are used to tune a 1-dimensional thermodynamic lake model, FLake. By tuning FLake using only 3 basic lake properties, shown by myself to have the most influence over LSWTs (depth, snow and ice albedo and light extinction co-efficient), the daily mean absolute differences for 244 lakes is reduced from 3.38 + 2.74 ºC (untuned model) to 0.85 + 0.61 ºC (tuned model). The effect of wind speed, lake depth, albedo and light extinction co-efficient on LSWTs is demonstrated throughout the tuning process. The modelled summer LSWT response to changes in ice-off is strongly affected by lake depth and latitude explaining 0.50 (R2 adj, p = 0.001) of the inter-lake variation in summer LSWTs. Lake depth alone explains 0.35 (p = 0.003) of the variation, highlighting the sensitivity of the summer LSWTs of deeper lakes to changes in the ice-off. Statistically significant summer/ maximum month modelled LSWT trends, from 1979-2011 are presented for lakes where the modelled LSWTs are strongly supported by observed LSWTs over the period of available observed LSWTs. For these lakes, the trends show LSWT warming of between 0.73 – 2.10 ºC for 29 lakes in northern temperate regions over the 33 year period (1979 – 2011). The modelled regional trends of all lakes over the same period show least warming in Africa of 0.30 ºC and the greatest warming in Europe, 1.35 º.
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Horton, Damien. "Development of an Infrared Thermography System to Measure Boundary Layer Transition in a Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing Environment." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2287.
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The use of infrared thermography for boundary layer detection was evaluated for use in the Cal Poly Low Speed Wind Tunnel (LSWT) and recommendations for the successful use of this technique were developed. In cooperation with Joby Aviation, an infinite wing model was designed, manufactured and tested for use in the LSWT. The wing was designed around a custom airfoil profile specific for this project, where the nearly-flat pressure gradient at a zero pitch angle would delay the chordwise onset of boundary layer transition. Steady-state, RANS numerical simulations predicted the onset of transition to occur at 0.75 x/c for the design Reynolds Number condition of 6.25x105. The wing was manufactured from 3D printed aluminum, with a wall thickness of 0.125 inches and a chord length of 13.78 inches. Two central rows of static pressure taps were used, each with 12 functional chordwise locations. The taps were able to generate strong correlation to the numerically predicted pressure coefficient distribution.
The use of an infrared camera visualized and confirmed the presence of boundary layer transition at the chordline location anticipated by the early simulations. To do so, the model was pre-heated such that the differential cooling properties of laminar and turbulent flow would generate a clear temperature gradient on the surface correlating to boundary layer transition. Adjustment of the model’s pitch angle demonstrated a change in the onset location of boundary layer transition during the infrared testing. The change of onset location was seen to move forward along the chordline as the aerodynamic angle of attack was increased. Testing with a Preston Tube system allowed for the interpolation of local skin friction coefficient values at each static tap location. Application of both laminar and turbulent empirical assumptions, when compared to numerical expectations, allowed for the qualitative assessment of boundary layer transition onset. Overall, the wing model developed for this research proved capable of producing quality and repetitive results for the experimental goals it was designed to meet. The model will next be used in continued tests which will further explore the use of infrared thermography.
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Sebag, J., W. Gressler, M. Liang, et al. "LSST primary/tertiary monolithic mirror." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622513.
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At the core of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) three-mirror optical design is the primary/tertiary (M1M3) mirror that combines these two large mirrors onto one monolithic substrate. The M1M3 mirror was spin cast and polished at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab at The University of Arizona (formerly SOML, now the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab at the University of Arizona (RFCML)). Final acceptance of the mirror occurred during the year 2015 and the mirror is now in storage while the mirror cell assembly is being fabricated. The M1M3 mirror will be tested at RFCML after integration with its mirror cell before being shipped to Chile.
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Petitdidier, Nils. "LSST: Characterization of the CCD sensors." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168008.
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Boussard, Fanny, and Natali Bethoon. "Röstbehandling med LSVT LOUD för personer med cerebral pares och dysartri." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Blom Johansson: Logopedi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403640.
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Approximately 50 % of all people with cerebral palsy (CP) have some form of speech or language disorder. Many of these have dysarthria, a neurological disorder that causes an impaired ability to articulate and effects respiration and phonation. Many people with CP consider dysarthria to be the biggest impairment as it has a major impact on their communication. Despite this there are limited voice and speech treatments for this group of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether treatment of speech and voice functions with intensive voice treatment (LSVT LOUD) can improve the speech intelligibility in patients with dysarthria secondary to CP. Five participants (3 male and 2 female) were recruited and underwent 16 one-hour sessions of intensive voice treatment. A single-case experimental design (SCED) was used and testing occurred two weeks prior to (PRE), during (TREAT) and immediately following (POST) treatment. Measures of sound pressure level (SPL) in decibel (dB) and speech intelligibility on word and sentence level were conducted, alongside perceptual ratings of voice quality. Before and after treatment, participants answered a self-response form to evaluate their speech and communication. In addition to this the participants also estimated how effortful the treatment was. The results showed improvement in speech intelligibility and increased dB SPL on word and sentence level for four of the five participants. Perceptual ratings showed minor improvements in voice quality. Two out of five participants rated an improvement in their speech and communication. Overall the participants estimated the treatment as “very strenuous”. This study has contributed knowledge about the effects of LSVT LOUD on a new age group of people with dysarthria secondary to CP. More research is needed to draw conclusions on the effects of LSVT LOUD on speech intelligibility for people with dysarthria secondary to CP.<br>Ungefär 50 % av alla personer med cerebral pares (CP) har någon form av tal- eller språksvårighet. Många av dessa har dysartri, vilket innebär nedsatt artikulationsförmåga samt påverkan på andning och fonation till följd av neurologisk skada. Många personer med CP anser att dysartri är den största funktionsnedsättningen då den försvårar kommunikationen. Trots detta saknas utvärderade tal- och röstbehandlingsmetoder för patientgruppen. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om behandling av tal- och röstfunktionen med intensiv röstbehandling (LSVT LOUD) kan påverka talförståeligheten för patienter med dysartri sekundärt till CP. Fem deltagare rekryterades (3 manliga och 2 kvinnliga): dessa genomgick 16 behandlingssessioner med intensiv röstbehandling á 1 timme. Till studien användes en single-case experimental design (SCED) där testning utfördes två veckor innan (PRE), under (TREAT) och direkt efter (POST) behandling. Mätningar gjordes på sound pressure level (SPL) i decibel (dB) och talförståelighet på ord - och meningsnivå. Dessutom gjordes perceptuella bedömningar av röstkvaliteten. Innan och efter behandling utvärderades tal- och kommunikationsförmågan genom ett självsvarsformulär. Deltagarna skattade dessutom hur ansträngande de upplevt behandlingsperioden. Behandlingen resulterade i förbättringar för fyra av fem deltagare gällande röststyrka och ökad talförståelighet på ord- och meningsnivå. Perceptuella bedömningar visade på små förbättringar beträffande röstkvalitet. Två av fem deltagare skattade att deras tal- och kommunikationsförmåga förbättrats efter behandling. Generellt sett upplevde deltagarna behandlingen som “väldigt mycket ansträngande”. Studien har bidragit med kunskap om effekten av LSVT LOUD på en ny åldersgrupp av personer med dysartri till följd av CP. Mer forskning behövs för att kunna dra slutsatser om effekten av LSVT LOUD på talförståeligheten för personer med dysartri sekundärt till CP.
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Martin, H. M., J. R. P. Angel, G. Z. Angeli, et al. "Manufacture and final tests of the LSST monolithic primary/tertiary mirror." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622424.
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The LSST M1/M3 combines an 8.4 m primary mirror and a 5.1 m tertiary mirror on one glass substrate. The combined mirror was completed at the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab at the University of Arizona in October 2014. Interferometric measurements show that both mirrors have surface accuracy better than 20 nm rms over their clear apertures, in near-simultaneous tests, and that both mirrors meet their stringent structure function specifications. Acceptance tests showed that the radii of curvature, conic constants, and alignment of the 2 optical axes are within the specified tolerances. The mirror figures are obtained by combining the lab measurements with a model of the telescope's active optics system that uses the 156 support actuators to bend the glass substrate. This correction affects both mirror surfaces simultaneously. We showed that both mirrors have excellent figures and meet their specifications with a single bending of the substrate and correction forces that are well within the allowed magnitude. The interferometers do not resolve some small surface features with high slope errors. We used a new instrument based on deflectometry to measure many of these features with sub-millimeter spatial resolution, and nanometer accuracy for small features, over 12.5 cm apertures. Mirror Lab and LSST staff created synthetic models of both mirrors by combining the interferometric maps and the small high-resolution maps, and used these to show the impact of the small features on images is acceptably small.
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Posse, Dorothea, and Ulrike Frank. "Der Einfluss des Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) auf die Hypernasalität bei Dysarthrie." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5431/.
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Ciulli, Alexandre. "Cosmologie et supernovas Ia : influence des vitesses propres et recherche d'anisotropies avec LSST." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC072/document.
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Les supernovas de type Ia (SNIa) sont des objets transitoires, observables pour une durée de quelques mois et dont la luminosité à son maximum équivaut à celle d'une galaxie entière. Une fois standardisées (c'est à dire corrigées de leurs principales variabilités), elles représentent, un excellent indicateur de distance et ont permis de mettre en évidence, en 1998, ce que l'on peut représenter comme une accélération de l’expansion de l'Univers. Cette thèse s’intéresse à trois points qui concerne l’étude de la cosmologie par les SNIa :En premier lieu on s'intéresse à la chaîne de production des données et à la qualité des images pour le Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), qui couvrira un large éventail de domaines scientifique, y compris l'observation des SNIa. Actuellement en préparation pour LSST (dont les observations commenceront en 2020), cette chaîne de production a été testée en effectuant le traitement d’images provenant d’un relevé antérieur (champ profond du CFHT). Les paramètres de qualité astrométriques et photométriques présentent une dispersion légèrement supérieure à celle requise par le cahier de charges du LSST. En ce qui concerne la photométrie, les sources de cette dispersion restent à être comprises. Pour ce qui est de l'astrométrie, la qualité obtenue sera vraisemblablement suffisante lorsque l'ajustement par astrométrie simultanée sera implémenté.Ensuite, on propose une méthode permettant de corriger l'effet induit par les vitesses propres des SNIa se trouvant dans des amas de galaxies. En effet, ces vitesses propres sont particulièrement importantes du fait des interactions gravitationnelles, et perturbent la mesure du décalage spectral cosmologique lié à l'expansion de l'Univers. On a pris en compte un échantillon de 145 SNIa à faible décalage spectral (0,005 < z < 0,123), observées par la collaboration Nearby SuperNova Factory. Parmi ces SNIa, 11 SNIa ont été associées à des amas de galaxies. Ces corrections de vitesses propres ont ainsi permis de diminuer la dispersion sur le diagramme de Hubble de 0,137+/-0,36 mag à 0,130 +/- 0,38 mag, pour les SNIa appartenant à des amas. Bien que le poids de ces corrections soit relativement modeste, on a montré qu'elles sont statistiquement significatives. Ce type de corrections pourraient être prises en considération dans de futures analyses cosmologiques. Enfin on s'intéresse à la question de la détectabilité de possibles anisotropies de l’expansion de l'Univers avec les données de SNIa. Étant donné que la distribution spatiale des données actuelles est connue pour limiter la détection d’une anisotropie dans les distances mesurées des SNIa, on a établi des simulations permettant de déterminer si un effet dipolaire d'amplitude comparable à la borne supérieure des observations actuelles (AD=10-3) pourrait être détecté avec les observations futures du LSST. Plusieurs scénarios ont été considérés, chacun considérant un nombre de SNIa différent. Chacun de ces scénarios est étudié suivant deux variantes correspondant à deux directions, l'une (polaire) pour laquelle la distribution de données de LSST serait la plus symétrique possible, l'autre suivant une direction perpendiculaire à celle-ci (équatoriale). On montre que pour les simulations comportant 5000 SNIa, un dipôle d’amplitude AD=10-3 serait détecté indépendamment de sa direction. On constate que la distance statistique entre les distributions obtenues pour un dipôle simulé et les simulations sans dipôle augmente à mesure que le nombre de SNIa simulées est grand. On constate aussi que cette distance statistique est plus grande pour les dipôles alignés sur la direction équatoriale que pour ceux suivant la direction polaire. (...)<br>Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) are transient objects, which remains observable in the optical for a period of a few months, and whose luminosity at its maximum is comparable to that of a whole galaxy. They represent, once standardized (i.e. corrected for their main variabilities), an excellent distance indicator and, in 1998, provided the first evidence for the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe. This thesis investigates three points in the cosmological SNIa pipeline:First, we focused on the data processing and the quality of the images for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), that will provide data for a number of cosmological observables, including the observation of SNIa. In preparation for LSST (which will start operations in 2020), we carried out a similar data processing strategy on images from a previous survey (deep field of CFHT) and compared to the required parameters of LSST. A dispersion slightly higher than that required was obtained. For photometry, although this excess is small, the sources of this dispersion remain to be understood. For astrometry, the obtained quality is likely to be sufficient when simultaneous astrometry fitting will be implemented.In a second moment, we propose a method to correct the effect of peculiar velocities of SNIa inside galaxy clusters. Indeed, these velocities are more important in the clusters of galaxies, because of the gravitational interactions, and the measurement of the cosmological redshift related to the expansion of the Universe. These peculiar velocities were corrected using a sample of 145 SNIa with a low spectral shift (0.005
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Choyer, Adeline. "Contribution au projet LSST : développement d'un banc de test pour la caméra et étude des oscillaions acousiques de baryons." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY100/document.
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Le télescope LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) fait partie de la nouvelle générationd'instruments optiques ayant pour objectif la réalisation d'une cartographie complète de l'Univers.Son champ de vue, à la fois large et profond, va conduire à l'observation de milliards d'objets, encouvrant la moitié du ciel dans six bandes photométriques. Les données issues des observationsde LSST vont notamment permettre de contraindre les paramètres d'énergie noire avec uneprécision dix fois meilleure que les contraintes actuelles. Quatre des différentes sondes observationnellessensibles au contenu énergétique de l'Univers seront accessible à LSST : les supernovaede type Ia, les amas de galaxies, les lentilles gravitationnelles et les oscillations acoustiques debaryons (BAO). La combinaison de ces sondes devrait permettre de différencier les différentsmodèles théoriques décrivant l'énergie noire. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet LSSTet présente à la fois un aspect instrumental et une étude phénoménologique. Dans un premiertemps, le travail concernant le développement d'un banc d'étalonnage optique pour la camérasera présenté. Les mesures alors effectuées ont conduit à l'établissement du design canal de lasource de lumière. Le banc d'étalonnage va ainsi permettre une mesure précise de la réponsedu plan focal de la caméra dans les longueurs d'ondes associées aux six filtres de LSST. Nousprésenterons ensuite une chaine d'analyse complète dont l'objectif est d'estimer la précision aveclaquelle il sera possible de mesurer l'échelle caractéristiques des BAOs à partir des données deLSST. Dans ce but un catalogue de galaxies a été simulé à partir d'une cosmologie CDM.L'utilisation d'une méthode de template tting, combinée à différents tests statistiques a permisl'obtention de redshifts photométriques (photo-z) de bonne qualité, respectant les spécificationsLSST. Une étude portant sur l'impact de la transmission des filtres a permis l'optimisation deleur bande-passante et a montré l'importance de leur étalonnage. Enfin l'échelle caractéristiquedes BAO a été estimé en tenant compte des erreurs photo-z, validant l'ensemble de la chaine desimulation<br>The LSST telescope (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) is part of the new generation of opticalinstruments whose aim is to achieve a complete map of the Universe. With its wide and largefield of view, it will observed billions of galaxies, in six optical photometric bands. allowing thestudy of many scientifcc subjects. In particular, LSST data will accurately measure Dark Energyparameters through four distinct probes: supernovae, week lensing, clusters and Baryon AcousticOscillations (BAO). The combination of those different probes should allowed the discriminationbetween theoretical models describing the dark energy. This thesis is part of the development ofthe LSST project and presents both an instrumental and a phenomenological study. First, thework concerning the development of the optical calibration bench for LSST's camera is presented.The measurements then performed led to the establishment of the light source final design.The calibration bench will thus allow measurement of the camera focal plan response withinthe six wavelength corresponding to LSST filters. We then present a complete analysis chainwhose objective is to estimate the accuracy with which the characteristics BAOs scale should bemeasured considering LSST simulated data. With this aim,a galaxy catalog were simulate froma CDM cosmology. An enhanced template setting method has been developed, combined withstatistical tests, it allowed a significant improvement of the photo-z reconstruction quality up,in agreement with LSST requirements. A study of the impact of the filterslters transmission curvesallowed the optimization of their bandwidth and showed the importance of their calibration.Finally the BAOs scale was estimated taking into account the photo-z errors, compelling thewhole simulation
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Perry, Michael James Samuel. "High spatial resolution retrieval of LST and LSE for the urban environment." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40022.
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Understanding the changing and complex urban thermal environment is key to addressing the health and sustainability of the cities in which more than half of the world’s population live. The monitoring and assessment of the thermal environment requires spatial resolution that so far has precluded air temperatures from being a viable parameter in most cities. Land surface temperatures (LSTs) offer the ability through satellite remote sensing to investigate the urban environment in a robust and consistent manner. Additionally land surface emissivity (LSE) is required to enable accurate LST estimation and characterise broad-scale thermal infra-red properties of materials. In this thesis, the first optimal estimation of simultaneous LST and LSE data optimised to be robust for urban areas with highly complex surfaces is presented. It uses the thermal channels of the ASTER instrument with a spatial resolution of 90 m. In simulations the algorithm retrieved LST to 1 K or better, and LSEs to within 0.01. The simulation uncertainties retrieved are better than 1 K in LST and 0.015-0.017 for LSE. This marks the first usage of an inverse method with ASTER data. Verification of the LSE for a non-urban scene (Algodones) was undertaken, through inter-comparison with the TES method. Results agreed well with both TES and the validation site in channel 12 and with very low retrieval radiance residuals. The algorithm was also used in three urban case studies. In each, this scheme was able to address key scientific issues, including urban green space and rapid urban expansion, using a combination of the LST and the LSE. The high accuracy of the retrieved LSE was able to distinguish characteristic LSE spectra and identify surface changes. These results show the retrieval of robust and scientifically meaningful LST and LSE data for the heterogeneous urban environment from ASTER, vital to urban studies.
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Julien, Yves. "Vegetation monitoring through retrieval of NDVI and LST time series from historical databases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10343.
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The PhD dissertation presented here falls into the Earth Observation field, specifically vegetation monitoring. This work consists in the extensive exploitation of historical databases of satellite images for vegetation monitoring through two parameters, which are the land surface temperature (LST) and a vegetation index (NDVI). Up to now, vegetation monitoring has been limited to the use of vegetation indices, so the addition of the land surface temperature parameter represents the main innovative character of this PhD study.This dissertation is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter begins by introducing the theoretical aspects of NDVI and LST parameters, addressing the means for retrieving them from remotely sensed observations, as well as their main limitations. Then, an introduction to vegetal physiology is developed, which allows for understanding how NDVI and LST parameters are linked to plants. A bibliographical study is then presented, which stresses out the gaps in the exploitation of historical databases.The second describes the data used in this PhD. The instrument providing most of these data is embarked on the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) satellite series. This instrument is the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer). The AVHRR databases used in this work are the PAL (Pathfinder AVHRR Land) and GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) databases. Additional data used punctually are also described briefly.The third chapter describes the operations applied to the data to prepare their temporal analysis. These operations start with the calculations of vegetation index and land surface temperature parameters. The AVHRR data used in this work are contaminated by the orbital drift of NOAA satellites, so an important part of this doctorate consisted in developing a technique for correcting this effect. We chose to develop our own technique, which we validated by direct comparison with data retrieved by geostationary satellites.In the fourth chapter, the different methods used for data temporal analysis are presented. Those methods consist of trend detection, harmonic analysis, and fitting the temporal series to annual NDVI evolution curves. Then, a phenological analysis is presented, which allows for retrieval of trends in spring and autumn dates for most of the globe. These trends are validated by comparison with previous studies. The trend analysis for spring dates is then extended to the 1948-2006 period using air temperature data. The long-term observation of different NDVI indicators also allows for the detection of land vegetation changes, even in our case of coarse spatial resolution. Finally, two methods for NDVI temporal analysis are compared.In the fifth chapter, a quick presentation of simultaneous study of NDVI and LST is developed through a revision of previous results, followed by the observations carried out from the orbital drift corrected data. These observations allowed for the determination of indicators of NDVI and LST, thus enabling for the characterization of the vegetation at global scale. A harmonic analysis of NDVI and LST at European scale is also presented. The application of the developed indicators for simultaneous monitoring of NDVI and LST shows promising results.As a conclusion, the main results described above are summarized, and plans for a close future are presented. This PhD has also demonstrated that such work could be carried out in a small structure with limited resources.<br>El trabajo de tesis doctoral aquí presentado consiste en el uso extensivo de bases de datos históricas de imágenes de satélite para el seguimiento de la vegetación terrestre, a través de dos parámetros; la temperatura de la superficie terrestre (LST por sus siglas en inglés) y el índice de vegetación NDVI.El primer capítulo de la memoria introduce las nociones de NDVI y LST desde una perspectiva teórica, así como sus principales limitaciones y sus vínculos con la fisiología vegetal. Un estudio bibliográfico permite poner el acento sobre las lagunas en el uso de las bases de datos históricas.El segundo capítulo describe los datos utilizados en este trabajo, proporcionados en su mayoría por el instrumento AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) a bordo de la serie de satélites de la NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) a través de las bases de datos PAL (Pathfinder AVHRR Land) y GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies). También se presentan datos adicionales que se usaron puntualmente. El tercer capítulo describe el proceso para obtener las series temporales de NDVI y LST, las cuales están contaminadas por la deriva orbital de los satélites NOAA. Hemos propuesto una técnica propia para su corrección, validada por comparación directa con datos obtenidos por satélites geoestacionarios.En el cuarto capítulo se introducen diferentes métodos utilizados para el análisis temporal de los datos. Se obtuvieron tendencias acerca de parámetros vinculados a la evolución anual de NDVI para la mayor parte del globo, validadas por comparación con estudios previos.En el quinto capítulo se presenta un análisis conjunto del NDVI y de la LST, seguido por la elaboración de indicadores de la evolución anual de estos dos parámetros. A continuación se presenta un análisis armónico del NDVI y de la LST para Europa. El uso de los indicadores desarrollados para el seguimiento simultáneo del NDVI y de la LST revela resultados prometedores.Por último se presentan las conclusiones más relevantes del trabajo realizado, así como planes de trabajo para un futuro próximo.
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Julien, Yves Rodriguez Sobrino José Antonio Nerry Françoise. "Vegetation monitoring through retrieval of NDVI and LST time series from historical databases." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1021/01/JULIEN_Yves_2008.pdf.
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Thèse de doctorat : Electronique, électrotechnique, automatique : Strasbourg 1 : 2008. Tesis doctoral : Electrónica, electrotécnica, automático : Universitat de València : 2008.<br>Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 34 p.
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Borbón, Aguilar Álvarez Andrés. "WITS: construcción de aplicaciones para superficies multicontacto utilizando servicios de geolocalización." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2010. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lst/borbon_a_a/.
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Se presenta una herramienta para construir una aplicación que utiliza
superficies interactivas multicontacto cuyo nombre es WITS.
WITS permite controlar la posición en un mapa para cualquier número
de usuarios siendo de utilidad para desarrollo de aplicaciones de
entretenimiento. Para comprobar su correcto funcionamiento se desarrolla
una aplicación la cual se basará en los servicios de Street
View y Google Maps donde a cada usuario se le da un campo de visión,
un radar para ubicar la posición de los demás jugadores y una
zona de control con la cual puede controlar su movimiento por las calles
de una ciudad.
WITS se especializa en el ambiente de multicontacto pudiendo funcionar en
cualquier superficie de este estilo. Esto no quiere decir que sólo
sea funcional en este ámbito, ya que se puede traducir fácilmente
a otro tipo de arquitectura.
La aplicación que prueba dicha librería se dirige al público
en general sin restricción de género o edad y tiene como
restricción la velocidad del Internet, la cual si no es lo suficientemente
alta causa que el ritmo de la aplicación disminuya y por lo tanto
no da una sensación de fluidez al usuario.<br>(cont.) La decisión de trabajar
en este proyecto se toma considerando el auge de la tecnología
multicontacto y el potencial de los servicios de geolocalización.
La aplicación cuenta con dos interfaces principales: para un jugador
o multijugador. Cada interfaz cuenta con un panorama de Street View que funciona
como la vista principal del usuario, un mapa de Google que hace las funciones
de radar y un objeto especial capaz de controlar la posición del usuario
por medio de contactos en la superfic
.
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Pedraza, Arcega Daniel. "Sistema móvil de orientación: Navin - UDLAP. Servicio basado en localización para dispositivos móviles." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2010. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lst/pedraza_a_d/.
Full textAbstract:
En tiempos recientes, encontrar lugares de interés y su información
relacionada se ha vuelto de vital importancia para las personas que no
están familiarizadas con el lugar que buscan, como por ejemplo los
turistas y personas que viajan constantemente a sitios que no conocen y necesitan
llegar pronto a su destino. Estos sitios de interés tienen
características que los distinguen como eventos, noticias, imágenes,
etc. que pueden ser utilizados para dar una idea más clara del lugar
y de su importancia.
Los Servicios Basados en Localización buscan ofrecer este tipo de
respuestas a personas que buscan la información más importante
y característica sobre su destino y como llegar pronto a él.
Los Servicios Basados en Localización proporcionan un servicio
personalizado, como una ruta a seguir a partir de la posición del
individuo indicando los lugares de interés que se encuentran en ella
y su información más relevante.<br>(cont.) Para facilitar el servicio,
se debe ubicar el lugar donde se encuentra el usuario, usando alguna de las
tecnologías de localización disponibles en el mercado como
el GPS.
Con el reciente boom tecnológico de dispositivos móviles tales
como los teléfonos celulares con capacidades de conexión a
internet inalámbrico y la incorporación de GPS a ellos, se
ha facilitado el desarrollo de los Servicios Basados en Localización
en un ambiente móvil donde los servicios están disponibles
en un ambiente realmente anytime, anywhere.
Esta tesis presentará el desarrollo de un Sistema de Orientación
para la Universidad de las Américas Puebla, llamado Navin ? UDLAP,
capaz de explotar los beneficios de los Servicios Basados en Localización
en combinación con las tecnologías usadas para el desarrollo
de aplicaciones móviles, tecnologías de localización
y servicios web.
En este documento se describe cómo se llevó a cabo el desarrollo
de Navin.<br>(cont.) La tesis se organiza en 5 capítulos y 5 apéndices
los cuales se describen a continuación.
En el capítulo 1 se presenta el planteamiento de la problemática
que tendrá que resolver Navin y el contexto donde se encuentra, así
como sus objetivos generales y específicos, alcances y limitaciones.
Además se presentarán las características de hardware
y software requeridos para el desarrollo de Navin.
En el capítulo 2 se describen ejemplos de Servicios Basados en
Localización existentes, así como los Servicios de
Orientación. Se presenta una comparativa de las tecnologías
para el desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles y cuáles son las
tecnologías disponibles para localizar a los usuarios.
En el capítulo 3 se presentan las herramientas principales de desarrollo
de Navin, como un caso que ilustra el desarrollo de Servicios de
Orientación. En este capítulo se presentan la descripción
general y la arquitectura de Navin, así como las herramientas principales
empleadas, como la detección de la localización, el cálculo
y despliegue de trayectorias, la recuperación de noticias y finalmente
la manera cómo se integraron dichas herramientas para generar al sistema
Navin.
En el capítulo 4 se define la implementación de todos los
componentes que conforman el sistema.<br>(cont.) El modelo de desarrollo fue
cliente?servidor. En este capítulo se presentan el modelado de
la base de datos de sitios de interés, el modelado construcción
de la librería que usa la base de datos de sitios de interés,
el servicio web construido, el servicio web de noticias y eventos de la UDLAP
y finalmente la disponibilidad del Navin y sus aplicaciones cliente para
las diferentes plataformas móviles.
El capítulo 5 consta de las conclusiones obtenidas en el desarrollo
de la tesis y las sugerencias de extensiones que se puedan desarrollar para
un trabajo futuro sobre Navin.
En los apéndices se muestran aspectos complementarios del diseño
e implementación de Navin, tales como los ejemplos de ejecución
de Navin y parte de su código fuente.
En el apéndice A se presenta la tabla comparativa de tipos soportados
por Java y Java ME para servicios web.
En el apéndice B se presentan los diagramas de clases de Navin, tanto
de los clientes móviles como de los módulos.
El apéndice C consta de las secciones más importantes del
código fuente de Navin, tanto de los clientes móviles como
de los módulos.
En el apéndice D se presentan ejemplos de ejecución de ambas
versión de Navin.
Finalmente en el apéndice E se muestra la hoja de autorización
y condiciones de uso del servidor académico
srvudlaacad02.udla.fundacion.mx de la UDLAP para poder llevar a cabo las
pruebas del sistema.
15
Pita, Garrido Juan Manuel. "Plataforma para el apoyo al aprendizaje de manera colaborativa en ambientes distribuidos: Aula social - UDLAP." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2012. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lst/pita_g_jm/.
Full textAbstract:
Hoy en d��a la tecnolog��a educativa avanza a pasos agigantados: primarias, secundarias, preparatorias y universidades utilizan m��todos diversos en cuestiones de ense��anza, unos m��s efectivos que otros. En cuesti��n de herramientas tecnol��gicas que sirven como m��todos de ense��anza, tales como los LMS, surge la pregunta ��Por qu�� la experiencia de los docentes y alumnos nos dicta que los LMS de hoy en d��a son aborrecidos por la mayor parte de los integrantes de comunidades estudiantilesα La respuesta es simple: los LMS han sido creados como m��quinas casi perfectas en cuestiones de programaci��n y funcionalidad (realizaci��n de encuestas, cuestionarios, paquetes SCORM, banco de preguntas, entre otros) pero el problema central reside en las decenas de aplicaciones existentes dentro de las mismas plataformas (Moodle, Blackboard, Sakai, entre otros) que son inutilizables. Es tanto el contenido que se muestra al inicio en los Gestores de Aprendizaje existentes que las personas optan por desechar o simplemente ni siquiera considerar la idea de adoptar una plataforma como su medio principal de ense��anza y/o aprendizaje<br>(cont.) Adicionalmente, se debe mencionar la nula utilizaci��n de tecnolog��as aplicadas en redes sociales y aplicaci��n de tecnolog��as colaborativas dentro de la misma plataforma. En el cap��tulo 1 se presenta el planteamiento de la problem��tica (t��cnica y no t��cnica) que tendr�� la plataforma Aula social para apoyar al aprendizaje mediante tecnolog��as colaborativas, los objetivos generales y espec��ficos as�� como los alcances y limitaciones de dicha plataforma. En el cap��tulo 2 se har�� la descripci��n detallada de las plataformas ya existentes y que son utilizadas actualmente en instituciones alrededor de todo el mundo para gestionar el aprendizaje efectivo, as�� como tambi��n la estrecha relaci��n que existe entre sistemas de gesti��n de contenidos y sistemas de apoyo al aprendizaje. En el cap��tulo 3 se explicar��n a fondo las funcionalidades b��sicas que tendr�� la plataforma Aula Social, las cuales se dividir��n en tres ��reas esenciales las cuales son educativas, colaborativas y sociales. En el cap��tulo 4 se presentar�� la forma detallada de c��mo se llev�� acabo la implementaci��n de la plataforma Aula Social. En el cap��tulo 5 se presentar��an las pruebas, resultados y conclusiones de usabilidad realizadas por el equipo de la clase de Interacci��n Humano Computadora del Dr<br>(cont.) Alfredo S��nchez Huitr��n. El cap��tulo 6 tendr�� las conclusiones obtenidas en el desarrollo de este trabajo y las posibles extensiones que se puedan desarrollar a futuro para Aula social. En los ap��ndices se muestran aspectos complementarios de lo que es el dise��o y desarrollo de Aula Social, algunas capturas de pantalla de dicha plataforma, ejemplos de uso de las tecnolog��as colaborativas integradas y parte del c��digo fuente de los m��dulos de creaci��n propia, as�� como algunos diagramas de componentes de dicha plataforma
16
Enríquez, Vásquez Raúl Antonio. "Sistema Móvil de Recuperación de Información Visual Utilizando Formas y Colores para el Reconocimiento de Obras Arquitectónicas." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lst/enriquez_v_ra/.
Full textAbstract:
En la actualidad, el gran número de información que se encuentra disponible en el Internet ha hecho que el acceso a la misma se realice de manera sencilla gracias a los motores de búsqueda que existen. Debido a la gran cantidad de imágenes que se encuentran disponibles ha provocado que los algoritmo de recuperación de información que actualmente manejan los motores de búsqueda sean poco eficiente, debido a que solo se requiere que la palabra que conforma la consulta se encuentre en el nombre de la imagen o descripción de la misma, además de que se requiere de accesar a un sitio web para poder realizar las consultas.
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles enfocada al reconocimiento de obras arquitectónicas, en base al análisis de los métodos de recuperación de información visual que tomen en cuenta características de bajo nivel. Para la implementación del sistema se utilizó como dispositivo móvil un iPad, el cual trabaja con el lenguaje de programación XCode y utilizando las librerías de OpenCV para el procesamiento de imágenes.
Los resultados obtenidos en la fase de pruebas fueron satisfactorios ya que el sistema tiene la capacidad de hacer la comparación del contorno de las imágenes, así como los colores con los que cuenta dicha imagen y regresar las tres imágenes más similares. A partir del presente trabajo, se pueden realizar aplicaciones enfocadas al turismo, al área mercadológica y en sistemas de localización.
17
Duran, Kuri Samir, and Turner Miguel Angel Fajardo. "GINDEV: Evaluación de la metodología Scrum en el desarrollo de videojuegos independientes." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2012. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lst/duran_k_s/.
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Medina, Bello Paula Noemi. "Aplicación web para el modelado de expresiones faciales en un avatar." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lst/medina_b_pn/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis presenta las bases teóricas para el desarrollo de un aplicación web que permita
reproducir las expresiones reconocidas como universales o prototípicas propuestas por
Ekman (alegría, tristeza, miedo, disgusto, ira, sorpresa) en un avatar 3D. La aplicación está
desarrollada en estándares del sistema de codificación de acción facial (FACS por sus
siglas en inglés "facial action coding system") y unidades de acción (AU por sus siglas en
inglés "action units") desarrolladas por Ekman y Friesen 1970. Este trabajo incluye
información relevante sobre el modelado de un objeto facial 3D del estándar de
codificación de objetos audiovisuales MEPG-4 e información general de las técnicas
básicas de modelado y animación facial de un avatar 3D. Además presenta el
funcionamiento del modelo de emociones de Plutchik y el modelo circumplejo de Russell
y Mehrabian. Como marco de referencia se presenta el modelo de las emociones propuestas
por Ekman y su sistema de FACS y AUs. Se presenta un conjunto delimitado de formas de
expresar las emociones prototípicas de las cuales se toma un subconjunto de diferentes
expresiones para modelarlas en esta aplicación. Estas expresiones, están identificadas
como: ira 1, ira 2, disgusto 1, disgusto 2, miedo 1, miedo 2, alegría, tristeza, sorpresa y
desprecio.
La aplicación fue desarrollada utilizando el framework y el web player plugin de
Unity3D. Los avatares (dos hombres y dos mujeres) fueron realizados en 3D Studio Max,
se utilizaron mallas poligonales y animación por huesos. La aplicación fue cargada en un
servidor compartido y está disponible en el dominio chopis.com.
Los avatares modelados fueron sometidos a un proceso de evaluación para cuantificar el
reconociendo de cada emoción. La muestra utilizada está compuesta por noventa y seis
personas, de un rango de edad de catorce a cincuenta y seis años y de diferentes niveles de
estudios. De esta evaluación se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados porcentuales de
reconocimiento: ira 1= 37.5%, ira 2 = 17.7%, disgusto 1 = 31.3%, disgusto 2 = 18.8%,
miedo 1 = 21.9%, miedo 2 = 41.7%, alegría = 90.6%, tristeza = 77.1%, sorpresa = 76%. De
lo cual se puede concluir que las emociones de alegría, tristeza y sorpresa fueron las únicas
reconocidas por obtener una puntuación mayor al 75%, mientras que el resto de las
expresiones al obtener un porcentaje de reconocimiento menor al 50% denota la falla del
avatar en su modelado. Cada uno de los avatares fue evaluado según el número de personas
que lo ponderaron con el fin de observar las diferencias de reconocimiento por cada
emoción. Se realizó el cálculo de reconocimiento de emociones por nivel de estudios para
identificar si existía una correlación entre éste y la capacidad para reconocer las
emociones, sin embargo, los resultados no mostraron una correlación significativa.
Además se realizó el cálculo de reconocimiento de expresiones distintas, es decir, sin
repetición. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: 11% logró reconocer las seis
expresiones, 29% reconoció cinco de las seis expresiones, 35% reconoció cuatro de las seis
expresiones, 17% reconoció tres de las seis expresiones, 6% reconoció dos expresiones y
1% únicamente reconoció una de las seis expresión.
19
Puritz, Caroline, Rainer O. Seidl, and Ulrike Frank. "Die Auswirkungen des Lee Silverman Voice Treatments (LSVT) auf die kortikalen Repräsentationen der Schluckmuskulatur bei Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5432/.
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Reyes, Gomez Juan Pablo. "Astronomical image processing from large all-sky photometric surveys for the detection and measurement of type Ia supernovae." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0144.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente plusieurs contributions au software developé pour le traitement d’images dans le cadre du LSST. Notre objectif est d'utiliser le code et les algorithmes LSST existants, afin de créer un pipeline dédié à la détection des supernovae de type Ia. Pour la détection des supernovae nous utilisons une technique appelée soustraction optimale d'images qui implique la construction de coadditions. Nous étudions aussi le comportement des différents objets dans le temps et construisons des courbes de lumière qui représentent leur cycle de vie en fonction de l'intensité lumineuse de chaque détection sur plusieurs nuits. Enfin, pour analyser un nombre excessif de candidats, nous utilisons des algorithmes d'apprentissage machine.Notre première contribution concerne le développement des taches de coaddition automatisée adaptées pour construire des images de référence et de science avec un haut rapport signal-sur-bruit. La contribution suivante est lié à l’addition de mesures et l’étude de résidus des images d’analyse de différence, y-compris la sélection des seuils adaptés et l'étiquetage basée sur les valeurs quantitativess des résidus pour identifier les mauvaises détections, les artéfacts et les flux réellement significatifs. Notre suivante contribution est un algorithme pour sélectionner et générer les courbes de lumière candidates. Finalement, on applique une classification machine learning pour trouver des type Ia supernovae en utilisant la méthode random forest. Ces résultats ont permis l’identification des supernovae de type Ia simulées et réelles parmis les candidats avec une haute précision<br>This thesis will present several contributions to the software developed for the LSST telescope with the purpose of contributing to the detection of type Ia supernovae. Our objective is to use the existing LSST code and algorithms, in order to create a type Ia supernovae detection dedicated pipeline.Since detecting supernovae requires a special type of processing, we use a technique known as the Optimal Image Subtraction which implies the construction of coadditions. Afterwards, we study the behavior of the different objects through time and build light curves that represent their life cycle in terms of the light intensity of each detection on several nights. Lastly, in order to analyze an excessive number of candidates, we employ machine learning algorithms to identify what curves are more probable to be type Ia supernovae. Our first contribution concerns the development of adapted and automatized coaddition tasks for building high signal-to-noise reference and science images. The next contribution is related to the addition of measurements and study of the residuals on difference image analysis, including the selection with adapted thresholding and the assignation of labels. We also propose, as contributions, an algorithm to select and generate the different candidate light curves through the selection of objects with recurrent detections through time and in the different bandpasses. Finally, we apply the machine learning classification approach to find type Ia supernovae by means of using a random forest classifier and based strictly on geometrical features that are present in the light curves
21
Pomnitz, Patricia, and Julia Siegmüller. "Die projektinterne LST-LTS-Wortliste als Grundlage für entwicklungsproximales Vorgehen in der rezeptiv lexikalischen Therapie." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6260/.
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Bobrinskaya, Maria. "Remote Sensing for Analysis of Relationships between Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Ten Megacities." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och geoinformatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121277.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanization is one of the most significant phenomena of the anthropogenic influence on the Earth’s environment. One of the principal results of the urbanization is the creation of megacities, with their local climate and high impact on the surrounding area. The design and evolution of an urban area leads to higher absorption of solar radiation and heat storage in which is the foundation of the urban heat island phenomenon. Remote sensing data is a valuable source of information for urban climatology studies. The main objective of this thesis research is to examine the relationship between land use and land cover types and corresponding land surface temperature, as well as the urban heat island effect and changes in these factors over a 10 year period. 10 megacities around the world where included in this study namely Beijing (China), Delhi (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Los Angeles (USA), London (UK), Mexico City (Mexico), Moscow (Russia), New York City (USA), Sao Paulo (Brazil) and Tokyo (Japan). Landsat satellite data were used to extract land use/land cover information and their changes for the abovementioned cities. Land surface temperature was retrieved from Landsat thermal images. The relationship between land surface temperature and landuse/land-cover classes, as well as the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was analyzed. The results indicate that land surface temperature can be related to land use/land cover classes in most cases. Vegetated and undisturbed natural areas enjoy lower surface temperature, than developed urban areas with little vegetation. However, the cities show different trends, both in terms of the size and spatial distribution of urban heat island. Also, megacities from developed countries tend to grow at a slower pace and thus face less urban heat island effects than megacities in developing countries.
23
Van, den Bergh F., Wyk MA Van, Wyk BJ Van, and G. Udahemuka. "A comparison of data-driven and model-driven approaches to brightness temperature diurnal cycle interpolation." SAIEE Africa Research Journal, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001082.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents two new schemes for interpolating missing
samples in satellite diurnal temperature cycles (DTCs). The
first scheme, referred to here as the cosine model, is an improvement
of the model proposed in [2] and combines a cosine
and exponential function for modelling the DTC. The second
scheme uses the notion of a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space
(RKHS) interpolator [1] for interpolating the missing samples.
The application of RKHS interpolators to the DTC interpolation
problem is novel. Results obtained by means of computer
experiments are presented.
24
Piel, Quentin. "Mise en route du premier grand télescope de CTA et étude de sources de rayons gamma transitoires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY084.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis 1967 et leur découverte par les satellites VELA, les sursauts gamma n'ont cessé d'être intensivement étudiés. Jusque récemment, la limite de détection de ces sources fut fixée à 100GeV. Les réseaux de télescopes Cherenkov n'avaient encore jamais détecté ce type de sources. L'un de ces réseaux, H.E.S.S. a observé plusieurs dizaines de sursauts gamma durant la dernière décennie. Les améliorations continues du réseau de télescope avec la construction du grand télescope CT5 et les logiciels de reconstruction et d'analyse ont permis de grandement améliorer la qualité des observations et les choix des alertes à suivre. Les observations de H.E.S.S. ont permis de poser de nombreuses contraintes sur les modèles d'émission des sursauts gamma, par exemple la surveillance à long terme de l'évènement GW170817 a permis de contraindre l’intensité du champ magnétique dans l'éjecta. Après de nombreux suivis, la première détection d'un sursaut gamma au-delà de 100GeV a été effectué avec H.E.S.S., 10h après la détection par Swift-BAT. Cet objet exceptionnel est le premier de ce type à être détecté à très haute énergie et pose de nouvelles contraintes pour la modélisation des sursauts gamma.Le futur réseau de télescopes Cherenkov appelé CTA va entrer dans une phase de prise de données. Les améliorations à la fois des composants et des méthodes d'analyse permettront d'améliorer la sensibilité du réseau d'un facteur dix par rapport à la génération actuelle. Les grands télescopes de ce réseau appelés LST seront la pièce maîtresse du suivi des alertes de sursauts gamma. Sa grande sensibilité à basse énergie (environ100GeV) et sa grande vitesse de repointé feront de ces télescopes la meilleure chance de détection d'un large échantillon de sursaut gamma. Les premières estimations provenant de l'application d'un modèle leptonique ont montré que CTA et les LSTs devraient apporter de nombreuses détections de sursauts gamma durant les premières années de fonctionnement.Depuis fin 2018, le premier prototype du LST est phase de construction et de mise en route. Les premières validations des choix faits pour le système de contrôle ont été effectués grâce à un modèle MATLAB/Simulink de la structure du télescope. Ces simulations ont permis de valider les composants utilisés et les objectifs fixés par la collaboration CTA. Lors des premiers mois de mise en fonctionnement du télescope, l'analyse en temps réelle et le bending model vont être implémentés. Le bending model est la prise en compte de la déformation de la structure dans le pointé du télescope. Cette correction cruciale pour atteindre les objectifs de précision fixés (<30arcsec) par la collaboration CTA est maintenant fonctionnelle et devrait être utilisée pour tous les autres grands télescopes.L'analyse en temps réel est l'un des derniers atouts du LST. Il devrait pour la première fois être capable de recevoir et d'envoyer des alertes en provenance et à direction des instruments partenaires. Dans ce but, une analyse en temps réel a été développée et est en fonctionnement depuis les premiers tests de prise de données<br>Since 1967 and their discovery by the VELA satellites, Gamma- Ray Bursts (GRB) have been intensively studied. Until recently, the detection maximal energy of these sources was set at 100 GeV. Arrays of Cherenkov telescope never detected this type of source up to 2018. One of these networks, H.E.S.S. has observed several dozen of GRBs during the last decade. Ongoing improvements to the telescope network with the construction of the large one, and to reconstruction and analysis software have greatly improved the quality of observations and the choice of alerts to follow. The H.E.S.S. observations allowed to put numerous constraints on gamma ray emission models. For instance the long-term monitoring of the event GW170817 allowed to constraint the magnetic field in the ejecta. After many follow-ups, the first detection of a gamma burst beyond 100 GeV was made with H.E.S.S., 10h after the Swift–BAT detection. This exceptional object is the first of its kind to be detected at very high energy and poses new constraints for the modeling of gamma-ray bursts.The future Cherenkov telescope array called CTA will enter a data acquisition phase. Improvements in both components and methods of analysis will improve the sensitivity of the network by a factor of ten over the current generation. The large telescopes of this array, the LSTs, will be the masterpiece of the monitoring of GRBs. Its high sensitivity in the low-energy regime (environ 100 GeV) and high repositioning speed will make this new telescope the best chance to detect a large sample of gamma-ray surge. Early estimates from the application of a leptonic model have shown that CTA and LSTs should allow multiple detections of gamma-ray bursts during the first years of operation.Since the end of 2018, the first prototype of the LST construction is completed. The first validations of the technical choices for the control system were performed thanks to a MATLAB / Simulink model of the telescope structure. These simulations validated the components used and the objectives set by the CTA collaboration.During the first months of operation of the telescope, the real-time analysis and the bending model will be implemented. The aim of the bending model is to take into account the deformation of the structure in the telescope's pointing. This crucial correction to achieve the set precision objectives (<30arcsec) by CTA collaboration is now functional and should be used for all other large telescopes.Real-time analysis is one of the last assets of the LST. It should for the first time be able to receive and send alerts to and from partner instruments. For this purpose, a real-time analysis has been developed and is in operation since the first data-taking tests
25
Milandri, Lorena. "Sintesi e caratterizzazione di La0.4Sr0.4TiO3 (LST) come anodo innovativo per celle a combustibile ad ossido solido (SOFC)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3034/.
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Le celle a combustibile ad ossido solido (SOFC) sono reattori elettrochimici che convertono l’energia chimica di un gas combustibile direttamente in energia elettrica con un’alta efficienza e con basse emissioni. Il materiale più comunemente usato come anodo, il Ni/YSZ cermet, mostra però numerosi svantaggi nell’applicazione quali la suscettibilità all’avvelenamento da zolfo e la deposizione di coke per cracking degli idrocarburi usati come combustibile. E’ perciò necessario sviluppare materiali alternativi che sopperiscano a questi problemi. Il titanato di stronzio drogato con lantanio con stechiometria La0.4Sr0.4TiO3 (LST) è stato scelto come anodo alternativo per le ottime proprietà possedute. Lo scopo del lavoro di tesi è stato quindi lo studio dell’influenza della natura dei precursori, delle condizioni di sintesi e dell’aggiunta di agenti porizzanti necessari per l’ottenimento della fase perovskitica pura e con porosità controllata. In un primo tempo è stata verificata la possibilità di ottenere la fase La0.4Sr0.4TiO3 pura mediante sintesi allo stato solido, trattando termicamente miscele di precursori diversi. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che l’utilizzo di nitrati metallici porta a risultati migliori rispetto all’utilizzo di carbonati ed ossidi poiché permette la formazione della fase perovskite a temperature inferiori e con una purezza maggiore. Poiché l’analisi elementare sui materiali preparati in questa prima fase ha evidenziato un problema sulla stechiometria, il metodo di sintesi è stato ottimizzato solubilizzando preventivamente i precursori di lantanio e stronzio e determinandone il titolo mediante ICP. Inoltre, sono state effettuate delle sintesi utilizzando TiO2 a diversa area superficiale, per verificare l’effetto sulle fasi formate di una maggior reattività di questo componente. Per completezza la perovskite è stata sintetizzata anche tramite sintesi sol-gel, utilizzando il metodo Pechini, ottenendo a 700°C la fase pura.
L’analisi morfologica ha evidenziato che le polveri con caratteristiche migliori per la formatura sono quelle ottenute tramite sintesi allo stato solido. Le pastiglie prodotte, miscelando tali polveri e agenti porizzanti opportuni, hanno evidenziato la stabilità della fase perovskitica voluta ma anche la necessità di ottimizzare l’aggiunta del porizzante per avere una porosità adeguata all’applicazione del sistema quale anodo SOFC.
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Dempsey, Kim Marie. "The impact of additional time on LSAT scores does time really matter? : The efficacy of making decisions on a case-by-case basis /." View full text, 2003.
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Peterka, Manuel [Verfasser], and Daniel [Gutachter] Zeller. "Propriozeptive Störungen bei Morbus Parkinson – Explorative Untersuchungen zu Art, Ausmaß und potenzieller Rekalibrierung mithilfe der LSVT-BIG-Therapie / Manuel Peterka ; Gutachter: Daniel Zeller." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228789215/34.
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Ural, Serkan. "Different Orbit Determination Algorithms For Bilsat-1." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607110/index.pdf.
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This study aims to investigate different orbit determination algorithms for the first Turkish remote sensing satellite, BiLSAT-1. The micro-satellite carries an onboard GPS receiver. Pseudorange measurements simulated from the position and velocity data supplied by TÜ<br>BiTAK-BiLTEN are used for the implementation of different orbit determination algorithms concluding to an estimate of the satellite&rsquo<br>s state.
Satellite&rsquo<br>s position, velocity components and the GPS receiver&rsquo<br>s clock bias are selected as the state parameters to be estimated. Kalman filter algorithms are used for the estimation of these state parameters. The modeled affecting force components include<br>geopotential and atmospheric drag. The global gravity models EGM96 and EIGEN-CG03C have been utilized together with Harris Priester atmospheric density model for the force modeling. The effect of the changes during the implementation of the force models, numerical integration, and estimation algorithms are investigated. Software has been developed using MATLAB programming language for the implementation of all algorithms performed in this study for orbit determination.
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Lamberts, Robert Patrick. "The development of an evidenced-based submaximal cycle test designed to monitor and predict cycling performance : the Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycle test (LSCT)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2757.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The HIMS test, which consists of controlled exercise at increasing workloads, has been developed to monitor changes in training status and accumulative fatigue in athletes. As the workload can influence the day-to-day variation in heart rate, the exercise intensity which is associated with the highest sensitivity needs to be established with the goal of refining the interpretability of these heart rate measurements. The aim of the study was to determine the within subject day-to-day variation of submaximal and recovery heart rate in subjects who reached different exercise intensities.
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Sajjad, Aqil. "An effective theory on the light shell." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064982.
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We describe work on the construction of an effective field theory on a spherical light shell. The motivation arises from classical electromagnetism: If a collision produces charged particles with zero net charge emerging simultaneously from a point and instantaneously accelerating to the speed of light, then the electromagnetic fields due to these charges lie entirely on a spherical shell expanding at the speed of light. We show that this also applies to classical color radiation from high-energy collisions that produce colored particles. Specifically, the color fields produced in such a process are associated with a non-linear σ-model on the 2D light shell with specific symmetry-breaking terms. The quantum version of such a picture exhibits asymptotic freedom and should therefore be a useful starting point for a light-shell effective theory for QCD.
We start in the simplified context of zero-flavor scalar quantum electrodynamics. Our effective theory has 3 major ingredients: breaking down the fields into soft and hard sectors with the large energy of the hard fields in the radial direction scaled out, a special gauge called light-shell gauge in which the picture simplifies, and a gauge-invariant source defined on a spherical light shell having infinitesimal radius.
We match the fields between the effective theory and the full theory, meaning zero-flavor scalar QED. This allows us to compute the amplitude for the production of any number of scalars from the gauge-invariant source. We then find the tree-level amplitude for the emission of a photon using our effective theory and show that our result agrees with the full theory.
To calculate loop effects in our effective theory, we need the photon propagator in light-shell gauge. We derive this propagator and use it to calculate the 1-loop correction to the amplitude for the production of a scalar and anti-scalar pair arising from virtual photon effects. This reduces to a pair of purely angular integrals in the effective theory and reproduces the familiar double logs of the full theory subject to an appropriate interpretation of an angular cutoff.<br>Physics
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McAtee, Brendon Kynnie. "Surface-atmosphere interactions in the thermal infrared (8 - 14um)." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14481.
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Remote sensing of land surface temperature (LST) is a complex task. From a satellite-based perspective the radiative properties of the land surface and the atmosphere are inextricably linked. Knowledge of both is required if one is to accurately measure the temperature of the land surface from a space-borne platform. In practice, most satellite-based sensors designed to measure LST over the surface of the Earth are polar orbiting. They scan swaths of the order of 2000 km, utilizing zenith angles of observation of up to 60°. As such, satellite viewing geometry is important when comparing estimates of LST between different overpasses of the same point on the Earth's surface. In the case of the atmosphere, the optical path length through which the surfaceleaving radiance propagates increases with increasing zenith angle of observation. A longer optical path may in turn alter the relative contributions which molecular absorption and emission processes make to the radiance measured at the satellite sensor. A means of estimating the magnitudes of these radiative components in relation to the viewing geometry of the satellite needs to be developed if their impacts on the at-sensor radiance are to be accurately accounted for. The problem of accurately describing radiative transfer between the surface and the satellite sensor is further complicated by the fact that the surface-leaving radiance itself may also vary with sensor viewing geometry. Physical properties of the surface such as emissivity are known to vary as the zenith angle of observation changes. The proportions of sunlit and shaded areas with the field-of-view of the sensor may also change with viewing geometry depending on the type of cover (eg vegetation), further impacting the surface emissivity.<br>Investigation of the change in surface-leaving radiance as the zenith angle of observation varies is then also important in developing a better understanding of the radiative interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere. The work in this study investigates the atmospheric impacts using surface brightness temperature measurements from the ATSR-2 satellite sensor in combination with atmospheric profile data from radiosondes and estimates of the downwelling sky radiance made by a ground-based radiometer. A line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to model the angular impacts of the atmosphere upon the surfaceleaving radiance. Results from the modelling work show that if the magnitude of the upwelling and downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance are accurately known then the surface-emitted radiance and hence the LST may be retrieved with negligible error. Guided by the outcomes of the modelling work an atmospheric correction term is derived which accounts for absorption and emission by the atmosphere, and is based on the viewing geometry of the satellite sensor and atmospheric properties characteristic of a semi-arid field site near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (Central Australia). Ground-based angular measurements of surface brightness temperature made by a scanning, self calibrating radiometer situated at this field site are then used to investigate how the surface-leaving radiance varies over a range of zenith angles comparable to that of the ATSR-2 satellite sensor.<br>Well defined cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature were observed on both diumal and seasonal timescales in these data. The observed cycles in surface brightness temperature are explained in terms of the interaction between the downwelling sky radiance and the angular dependence of the surface emissivity. The angular surface brightness temperature and surface emissivity information is then applied to derive an LST estimate of high accuracy (approx. 1 K at night and 1-2 K during the day), suitable for the validation of satellite-derived LST measurements. Finally, the atmospheric and land surface components of this work are combined to describe surface-atmosphere interaction at the field site. Algorithms are derived for the satellite retrieval of LST for the nadir and forward viewing geometries of the ATSR-2 sensor, based upon the cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature observed in situ and the atmospheric correction term developed from the modelling of radiative transfer in the atmosphere. A qualitative assessment of the performance of these algorithms indicates they may obtain comparable accuracy to existing dual angle algorithms (approx. 1.5 K) in the ideal case and an accuracy of 3-4 K in practice, which is limited by knowledge of atmospheric properties (eg downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance), and the surface emissivity. There are, however, strong prospects of enhanced performance given better estimates of these physical quantities, and if coefficients within the retrieval algorithms are determined over a wider range of observation zenith angles in the future.
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Lord, Tyler M. "EFFECTS OF SPINAL CORD INJURY ON ACTIVATION OF THE SPINAL EJACULATION GENERATOR." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1589565574775045.
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Iliescu, Ionela. "Croissance, caractérisation et transformation de phase dans des couches minces d'YMnO3." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI018/document.
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Couches minces multiferroiques d’YMnO3 (YMO) films ont été synthétisée par MOCVD sur desubstrats de Si, STO, LAO et LSAT orientées (100). L'effet de l'épaisseur des couches et de lacomposition chimique sur les propriétés structurales et magnétiques a été étudié. YMO peutcristalliser dans deux structure : hexagonale (h-YMO) et orthorhombique (o-YMO), généralementconsidérée comme les phases stables et métastables, respectivement. Les deux phases, ainsi queleur phase précurseur amorphe sont étudiées dans cette thèse. D'un côté, une croissance sélectivede la phase amorphe, h-YMO ou o-YMO est réalisé sur des substrats de Si en ajustant lesconditions de dépôt. Une étude approfondie des conditions optimales a été réalisée. Unetransformation de phase irréversible de l'état amorphe à la phase cristalline o-YMO a lieu à unetempérature à peu près constante (~ 700 ° C) et dans un court période de temps (min ~). La phaseo-YMO ainsi obtenue est stable au moins jusqu'à 900 ° C.De l'autre côté, la phase o-YMO est stabilisé par épitaxie sur des substrats de type perovskite (STO,LAO, LSAT). Les films sur STO et LSAT présentent principalement l’orientation (010) tandis queceux sur les substrats de LAO sont orientées (101). Une orientation secondaire de domaines estobservée en particulier sur des substrats de STO: rotation de 90 ° dans le plan du domaine (010).A des faibles épaisseurs les couches sont contraintes. Les mesures magnétiques montrent uncomportement de verre de spin pour chacune de phase o- ou h-YMO, indépendamment du substrat<br>Multiferroic YMnO3 (YMO) films have been grown by MOCVD on (100)-oriented Si, STO, LAOand LSAT substrates. The effect of the film thickness and the chemical composition on structuraland magnetic properties has been investigated. YMO can crystallize in two structure: hexagonal(h-YMO) and orthorhombic (o-YMO), generally considered as stable and metastable phases,respectively. Both phases, together with their amorphous precursor phase, are studied in this thesis.On one side, a selective growth of the amorphous, o-YMO or h-YMO phase is achieved on Sisubstrates through the deposition conditions. An extensive study of the optimal conditions hasbeen carried out. An irreversible phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline o-YMOphase takes place at an almost constant temperature (~ 700 °C) and in a short period of time (~min). The o-YMO phase thus obtained is stable at least up to 900 °C.On the other side, the o-YMO phase is epitaxially stabilized on perovskite type substrates (STO,LAO, LSAT). The films on STO and LSAT substrates present mainly the (010) orientation whilethose on LAO substrate are (101)-oriented. Secondary domain orientation are observe in particularon STO substrates: (010) in plane with 90° rotation. Strained films are observed for smallthicknesses. The magnetic measurements show a spin glass behavior for either o- or h-YMO phase,independently of the substrate
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Witzemann, Amadeus. "Cosmology with next generation radio telescopes." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6936.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>The next generation of radio telescopes will revolutionize cosmology by
providing large three-dimensional surveys of the universe. This work presents
forecasts using the technique 21cm intensity mapping (IM) combined with
results from the cosmic microwave background, or mock data of galaxy
surveys. First, we discuss prospects of constraining curvature independently
of the dark energy (DE) model, finding that the radio instrument HIRAX
will reach percent-level accuracy even when an arbitrary DE equation of state
is assumed. This is followed by a study of the potential of the multi-tracer
technique to surpass the cosmic variance limit, a crucial method to probe
primordial non-Gaussianity and large scale general relativistic e↵ects. Using
full sky simulations for the Square Kilometre Array phase 1 (SKA 1 MID)
and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), including foregrounds, we
demonstrate that the cosmic variance contaminated scenario can be beaten
even in the noise free case. Finally, we derive the signal to noise ratio for the
cosmic magnification signal from foreground HI intensity maps combined
with background galaxy count maps. Instruments like SKA1 MID and
HIRAX are highly complementary and well suited for this measurement.
Thanks to the powerful design of the planned radio instruments, all results
confirm their potential and promise an exciting future for cosmology.
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Saavedra, Omar Felipe Chaparro. "Estimativa da umidade do solo através de séries temporais de NDVI e de LST na planície de inundação da ilha do Bananal." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2016. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2016/07.13.21.24.
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A umidade do solo é uma variável chave na regulação de vários processos e ciclos do sistema climático, tais como os fluxos de energia, os ciclos Biogeoquímicos e o próprio ciclo hidrológico. A distribuição espacial dos ecossistemas e a dinâmica da vegetação também são influenciadas pela umidade do solo junto com outras variáveis como a radiação solar e a temperatura. Em regiões onde se espera que a temperatura e a radiação não sejam fatores limitantes, a disponibilidade de água pode ser a variável chave na determinação da dinâmica da vegetação. A partir da forte relação entre a disponibilidade de água, a radiação solar e a dinâmica da vegetação, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade da umidade do solo através da relação entre o NDVI (\emph{Normalized Difference Vegetation Index}) e a temperatura de superfície conhecida como método do trapézio (ou do triângulo) em uma zona de transição entre floresta amazônica e cerrado. Este método baseou-se em dados dos espectros visível, infravermelho e termal do \emph{Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer} (MODIS) e em dados de campo da torre micrometeorológica do Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera da Amazônia (LBA) localizada em uma área sazonalmente alagável no Parque Estadual do Cantão, nas proximidades da ilha do Bananal, estado do Tocantins. A partir dos dados de campo foram identificados os períodos de inundação e, consequentemente, de saturação do solo. A disponibilidade de umidade (Mo) foi calculada pelo método do trapézio e posteriormente comparada com os dados de umidade do solo transformados em água disponível acumulada (AD) considerando-se diferentes profundidades. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos integrando os dados até 255 cm de profundidade, com coeficiente de determinação (R$^{2}$) de 0,94 para o ajuste optimizado entre Mo e AD, sugerindo que esta profundidade corresponde à zona de raízes. Observou-se que, quando os valores de umidade no solo nas diferentes profundidades estão perto da saturação, o ajuste proposto considerou apenas a água disponível acumulada nas primeiras camadas (30 e 60 cm) e posteriormente as camadas mais profundas foram sendo selecionadas a medida que a água disponível nas camadas superiores foi decrescendo. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade de umidade estimada (Mo) responde inicialmente à água presente nas camadas superficiais mostrando que as plantas reduzem os custos de energia para captação do recurso e que com a diminuição de umidade nas camadas superficiais e a demanda por transpiração constante, a vegetação da área de estudo responde à água disponível em profundidade.<br>Soil moisture is a key variable in the regulation of various processes and feedback loops in the climate system, such as energy flows and biogeochemical cycles. The spatial distribution of ecosystems and vegetation dynamics are also influenced by soil moisture along with other variables such as solar radiation and temperature. In regions where it is expected that the temperature and radiation are not limiting factors, water availability may be a key variable in determining the dynamics of vegetation. From the strong relationship between water availability, solar radiation and the vegetation dynamics, this study estimated the soil moisture for different depths through the relationship between NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), soil moisture and surface temperature (LST) in a transition zone between forest and savanna. Visible, infrared and thermal spectral data from MODIS and meteorological field data from the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) were used. From the field data, periods of flooding and consequently soil saturation were identified. Soil moisture availability (Mo) was calculated by the trapezoidal method and then compared with the soil moisture data transformed into stored water available (AD) in mm. The best results were obtained by integrating the data up to 255 cm deep, with a coefficient of determination (R$^{2}$) of 0.94 for optimized fit between Mo and AD, suggesting that this depth corresponds to the root zone. It was observed that when soil moisture values at different depths are close to saturation, the proposed adjustment considers only the stored water available accumulated in the first layers (30 and 60 cm) and consequently deeper layers were being selected when the available water in the upper layers was decreasing. It is concluded that the estimated moisture availability (Mo) responds initially to the water present in the surface layers, showing that plants reduce energy costs for capture feature and with the moisture reduction in the surface layers and the demand for continuous transpiration the vegetation of the study area responds to the available water depth.
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Skoglund, Marianne. "Erfarenheter av att vidmakthålla fysisk träning och färdigheter vid Parkinsons sjukdom : - En kvalitativ intervjustudie om Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för fysioterapi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174962.
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Introduktion: Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en neurodegenerativ sjukdom som påverkar rörelseförmåga, balans, gång och aktivitetsförmåga. Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG (LSVT BIG) har goda korttidseffekter men det saknas studier som beskriver personernas egna erfarenheter av att vidmakthålla fysisk träning och färdigheter efter att ha deltagit i LSVT BIG. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utforska erfarenheter av att vidmakthålla fysisk träning och färdigheter hos personer med PS som deltagit i LSVT BIG. Metod: Studien var av kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 12 personer med PS som deltagit i LSVT BIG för minst tre månader sedan. De transkriberade intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i temat tilltro och drivkraft att påverka funktion och sjukdomens progress. Det övergripande temat baserades på tre kategorier: upplägg som främjar egenträning, motivation att fortsätta träna och förstärkare av träning samt tre underkategorier per kategori. Resultatet beskriver betydelse av struktur på träningen, uppföljning och anpassning för att öka drivkraft och tilltro till att påverka funktion och progress av sjukdomen. Det ligger till grund för vidmakthållande av träning och färdigheter över tid. Slutsats: Personer med PS som deltagit i LSVT BIG upplever att det är viktigt att upprätthålla motivation och individanpassa förstärkare av beteendet. Deras erfarenhet är att uppföljning och anpassning av träningen är nödvändig för att överbrygga hinder samt stärka tilltro och drivkraft att påverka symtom och progress av sjukdomen. Denna studie kan hjälpa fysioterapeuter och arbetsterapeuter eftersom personer med PS behöver stöd för att stärka resurser och överbrygga hinder gällande motivation, kontext och multisjuklighet. Framtida forskning behövs om långtidseffekter av LSVT BIG och ett beteendemedicinskt förhållningssätt kopplat till vidmakthållande av fysisk träning för personer med PS.<br>Introduction: Parkinson´s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects mobility, balance, ambulation and activity. Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG (LSVT BIG) has good short-term effects, but there are no studies describing people's own experiences of maintaining physical exercise and skills after participating in LSVT BIG. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of maintaining physical exercise and skills in people with PD who participated in LSVT BIG. Method: The study was of qualitative design with inductive approach. The semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 people following a minimum of three months post participated in LSVT BIG. The transcribed interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The analysis revealed in a theme 0f higher confidence and motivation to influence function and slowing the progression of the disorder. Three categories were identified to support the overall theme: arrangement that promote self training, motivation to continue physical exercise and enhancers of exercise, and three sub-categories per category. The results describe the importance of structure in exercise, follow-up and adjustment to increase motivation and confidence in being able to influence function and progression of the disorder. It forms the foundation for maintaining physical exercise and skills over time. Conclusion: The LVST BIG participants with PD felt the importance of motivation and individualized reinforcers of behaviour to maintain physical exercise and skills over time. In their experience, follow up and adaptation of the exercises is necessary in order to overcome barriers, give confidence and strengthen motivation to influence the symptoms and slow progression of the disorder. This study can help physiotherapist and occupational therapist as people with PD need support to strengthen their resources and overcome barriers regarding motivation, context and multi-illness. Long term effects of LSVT BIG and a behavioural medicine approach related to the maintenance and longevity of physical exercise for people with PD requires further research.
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Barker, Adam. "Flexible service choreography." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8980.
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Service-oriented architectures are a popular architectural paradigm for building software applications from a number of loosely coupled, distributed services. Through a set of procedural rules, workflow technologies define how groups of services coordinate with one another to achieve a shared task. A problem with workflow specifications is that often the patterns of interaction between the distributed services are too complicated to predict and analyse at design-time. In certain cases, the exact patterns of message exchange and the concrete services to call cannot be predicted in advance, due to factors such as fluctuating network load or the availability of services. It is a more realistic assumption to endow software components with the ability to make decisions about the nature and scope of their interactions at runtime. Multiagent systems offer a complementary paradigm: building software applications from a number of self interested, autonomous agents. This thesis presents an investigation into fusing the agency and service-oriented architecture paradigms, in order to facilitate flexible, workflow composition. Our approach offers an agent-based solution to service choreography and is founded on the concept of shared interaction protocols. By adopting an agent-based approach to service choreography, active autonomous agents can utilise the typically passive service-oriented architectures, found in Internet and Grid systems. In contrast with statically defined, centralised service orchestrations, decentralised agents can perform service choreography at runtime, allowing them to operate in scenarios where it is not possible to define the pattern of interaction in advance. Application to real scenarios is a driving factor behind this research. By working closely with a number of active Grid projects, namely AstroGrid and the Large-Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), a concrete set of requirements for scientific workflow have been derived, based on realistic science problems. This research has resulted in the MultiAgent Service Choreography (MASC) language to express scientific workflow, methodology for system building and a software framework which performs agent based Web service choreography, in order to enact distributed e-Science experiments. Evaluation of this thesis is conducted through case study, applying the language, methodology and software framework to solve a motivating set of workflow scenarios.
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Boukachaba, Niama. "Apport des observations satellitaires hyperspectrales infrarouges IASI au-dessus des continents dans le modèle météorologique à échelle convective AROME." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19257/1/BOUKACHABA_Niama.pdf.
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Le sondeur infrarouge hyperspectral IASI (Interféromètre Atmosphérique de Sondage Infrarouge, développé conjointement par le CNES et EUMETSAT et embarqué à bord des satellites défilants Metop A, Metop B et très prochainement Metop C (2006, 2012 et 2018, respectivement)) apporte une très grande quantité d’informations permettant, entre autres, de décrire finement les paramètres de surface (température et émissivité sur une large gamme de longueurs d’onde). Néanmoins, les prévisions de température des surfaces continentales ne sont pas encore suffisamment réalistes pour utiliser l’information infrarouge en basse troposphère et proche de la surface au-dessus des continents car les radiances sensibles à ces régions sont fortement affectées par la variation des paramètres de surface (tels que la température, l’émissivité et l’humidité) et par la présence des nuages. Ceci peut conduire à un écart parfois important entre les observations et les simulations, conduisant à un rejet important des observations et à une mauvaise détection nuageuse. De ce fait, l’objectif principal de la thèse est l’amélioration des analyses et des prévisions par l’augmentation des observations IASI assimilées sur les continents dans le modèle à aire limitée AROME. La première partie du travail s’est focalisée sur l’identification du canal IASI le plus approprié à la restitution de la tempèrature de surface (Ts). En poursuivant les travaux de thèse de [Vincensini, 2013], cinq canaux IASI localisés entre 901.50 cm−1 et 1115.75 cm−1 ont été sélectionnés pour une meilleure prise en compte des basses couches de l’atmosphère plus particulièrement en termes de température et d’humidité. La restitution de la Ts s’est faite par inversion de l’équation du transfert radiatif [Karbou et al., 2006] en utilisant le modèle de transfert radiatif RTTOV et l’atlas d’émissivité développé par l’université de Wisconsin. Le canal IASI 1194 (943.25 cm−1) a été retenu pour la restitution des Ts suite à une série de comparaisons effectuées entre la Ts restituée à partir des différents canaux IASI sélectionnés et celle de l’ébauche. Aussi, des comparaisons ont été réalisées entre les Ts restituées à partir de IASI et celles restituées à partir de SEVIRI et de AVHRR. La seconde partie du travail a reposé sur l’étude de l’impact de l’utilisation de la Ts restituée à partir du canal IASI 1194 dans les processus de simulation et d’assimilation des canaux IASI utilisés dans les modèles de prévision numérique du temps de Météo-France (AROME et ARPEGE). La Ts restituée à partir du canal IASI 1194 a été intégrée dans le modèle RTTOV pour améliorer les simulations des autres observations IASI sensibles à la surface. L’impact sur la détection nuageuse issue de l’algorithme de [McNally and Watts, 2003] a également été évalué. Par la suite, d’autres expériences ont été menés pour étudier l’impact de l’utilisation des Ts restituées sur l’assimilation de données et sur l’amélioration de la sélection des canaux IASI sur terre dans le modèle AROME. L’impact sur les analyses et les prévisions ont été également décrits.
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Frohn, Dominic Johannes Tobias [Verfasser]. "Out im Office?! Sexuelle Identität und Geschlechtsidentität im Kontext von Arbeit : eine differenzielle Betrachtung der Arbeitssituation, der psychischen Beanspruchung und der Leistungsfähigkeit von LSBT*-Beschäftigten / Dominic Johannes Tobias Frohn." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/108086864X/34.
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Jesus, Bruna Luiza Pereira de. "A relação entre a temperatura radiométrica de superfície (Land Surface Temperature-LST), índice de vegetação (Normalizes Diference Vegetation Index-NDVI) e os diferentes padrões de uso da terra do município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-11012016-143102/.
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Esse trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as relações entre a Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Índex (NDVI) e os padrões do uso da terra do município de São Paulo no período de 1985 a 2010. Analisou-se 15 bairros, nos quais foram extraídas 45 amostras aleatórias de diferentes padrões de uso da terra; subdivididas em baixo padrão, médio padrão e médio alto padrão. Com o aporte de geotecnologia, foi feita a extração dos dados das imagens de satélite Landsat 5 (TM) e das Ortofotos do ano de 2010. O comportamento das amostras variou de acordo como os diferentes perfis dos grupos analisados. O grupo de baixo padrão foi o que apresentou as maiores amplitudes térmicas, ausência de arborização urbana atreladas a um baixo padrão construtivo. O grupo de médio padrão é caracterizado pela predominância de área verticalizada e apresenta uma arborização urbana escassa em meio a uma malha urbana consolidada. O grupo de médio alto padrão foi o que mais apresentou arborização urbana, distribuída de forma homogênea na maioria das amostras, portanto foi o grupo que teve baixas amplitudes térmicas e o índice de Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) com pouca variação. Os testes mostraram fortes correlações negativas entre as amostras de Land Surface Temperature (LST) e o índice de Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), sendo -0,58 em 1985, -0,43 em 2004 e -0,82 em 2010. Os diferentes padrões de uso da terra, relacionados à temperatura de superfície, e o índice de vegetação, aliado à preocupação com o planejamento ambiental, deve resultar na melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Esta pesquisa faz parte do Projeto Temático processo FAPESP 08/58161 -1, \"Assessment of Impacts and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil and strategies for Adaptation options\", Component 5: Vulnerability of the metropolitan region of São Paulo to climate Change.<br>This study aims to understand the relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the patterns of land use in the municipality of São Paulo, from 1985 to 2010. A totoal of 45 random samples were extracted from the 15 districts used in this study, with different patterns of land use which were subdivided into three different clases: low-end, middle and middle-high. Geospatial approaches allowed the extraction of satellite image data from Landsat 5 data (TM) and from Orthophotos from 2010. The behavior of the samples varied accordingly to the different group profiles. The low-end group presented the highest thermal amplitudes and more significant absence of urban vegetation linked, both to low urbanization and construction standards. The average standard group is characterized by the predominance of vertical buildings and lacks urban trees amidst a consolidated urban landscape. The average-high standard group displayed the highest concentration of green urban areas, distributed homogeneously in most samples, so this group presented low variations both in temperature amplitude and in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The correlation tests showed strong negative correlations between samples of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the NDVI samples, of -0.58 in 1985, -0.43 in 2004 and -0.82 in 2010. Understanding the relations between the different patterns of land use, surface temperature and the NDVI (with due concern for environmental planning) is an important step in the identification and rehabilitation of enviromentally. This research is part of the Thematic Project FAPESP 08/58161 -1 process, \"Assessment of Impacts and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Brazil and strategies for Adaptation options\", Component 5: Vulnerability of the metropolitan region of São Paulo to climate Change.
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Mehrez, Fatima. "Design and test of a readout ASIC for a SiPM - based camera : ALPS (ASIC de lecture pour un photodétecteur SiPM)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT131/document.
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Cette thèse est la R&D de l’électronique de front-end destinée à la camera de deuxième génération du télescope de grande taille LST de projet CTA, étant basée sur les détecteurs de type SiPM. Cette étude rassemble des équipes du LAPP, de l’université de Padoue, de l’INFN et du MPI de Munich. La première partie de cette thèse porte sur les tests de caractérisations d’une matrice de 16 SiPMs fabriquée par Hamamatsu. Les résultats de ces tests ont souligné les avantages qui pourraient être apportés par l’utilisation de tels détecteurs. Un cahier des charges pour l’électronique a été défini à l’issue de ces tests. Notamment, une nécessité de corriger la dispersion en gain entre les 16 pixels qui a été trouvée d’environ 10%. La seconde partie est la conception d’un circuit intégré (ASIC) qui pourrait lire les signaux des pixels -SiPM avec la moindre perturbation possible de fonctionnement du détecteur. Cet ASIC inclut des fonctions de contrôle (slow control) qui permettent l’ajustement de gain des pixels, l’amélioration de l’uniformité de gain et la possibilité de supprimer les canaux bruyants ou encore même le contournement du processus de contrôle de gain. Ces fonctionnalités peuvent unifier le gain de 16 canaux. Les sorties des 16 canaux seront sommées pour en faire deux signaux seulement à la sortie de l’ASIC. Ces deux signaux, un sur le haut gain et l’autre sur le bas gain seront fournis au système d’acquisition qui suivra l’ASIC. Une fonction de déclenchement génèrera un signal de trigger qui sera ainsi transmis au système d’acquisition. Cet ASIC a été réalisée avec la technologie AMS 0.35um BiCMOS. Les simulations ont montré une gamme dynamique linéairement couverte jusqu’à 2000 photoélectrons et la possibilité de mesurer le photoélectron unique grâce au bon rapport signal sur bruit électronique. Les tests au laboratoire confirment une grande partie de ces résultats<br>This thesis is the R&D on front-end electronics for a second generation camera based on the SiPM detectors for the Large Size Telescope (LST) of the CTA project. It is a part of the SiPM collaboration involving the LAPP, the University of Padua, the INFN and the MPI in Munich. The first part of the thesis is the characterization of an array of 16 SiPMs from Hamamatsu. The study proves the advantages of using such detectors in the LST. It defines the specifications of the readout electronics that are the aim of this work. Especially that it should ameliorate the gain dispersion of the 16 pixels that was found of about 10%. The second part is the design of the readout ASIC. The scheme tends to measure the SiPMs’ signals with minimum disturbance of the detector. It integrates slow control facilities that adjust the detector’s gain, minimize the dispersion in gain and provide the possibility of deleting noisy channels or even completely jumping over the control process. These facilities could perfectly get rid of the gain dispersion. Outputs of the 16 pixels will be summed on both high gain and low gain so that only two signals are delivered to the acquisition system that follows. A trigger function will also generate a trigger signal to the acquisition system. The choice was made to realize this ASIC according to the rules of the AMS 0.35um BiCMOS technology. Simulation shows a linearly-covered dynamic range up to 2000 photoelectrons with good signal to noise ratio that allows the measurement of the single photoelectron. Laboratory tests confirm a great part of these results
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Sohrabinia, Mohammad. "Estimation of the near-surface air temperature and soil moisture from satellites and numerical modelling in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8707.
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Satellite observations provide information on land surface processes over a large spatial extent with a frequency dependent on the satellite revisit time. These observations are not subject to the spatial limitations of the traditional point measurements and are usually collected in a global scale. With a reasonable spatial resolution and temporal frequency, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of these satellite sensors which enables the study of land-atmospheric interactions and estimation of climate variables for over a decade from remotely sensed data.
This research investigated the potential of remotely sensed land surface temperature
(LST) data from MODIS for air temperature (Ta) and soil moisture (SM) estimation in New Zealand and how the satellite derived parameters relate to the numerical model simulations and the in-situ ground measurements. Additionally, passive microwave SM product from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) was applied in this research.
As the first step, the MODIS LST product was validated using ground measurements at two test-sites as reference. Quality of the MODIS LST product was compared with the numerical simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results from the first validation site, which was located in the alpine areas of the South Island, showed that the MODIS LST has less agreement with the in-situ measurements than the WRF model simulations. It turned out that the MODIS LST is subject to sources of error, such as the effects of topography and variability in atmospheric effects over alpine areas and needs a careful pre-processing for cloud effects and outliers. On the other hand, results from the second validation site, which was located on the flat lands of the Canterbury Plains, showed significantly higher agreement with the ground truth data. Therefore, ground measurements at this site were used as the main reference data for the accuracy assessment of Ta and SM estimates.
Using the MODIS LST product, Ta was estimated over a period of 10 years at several sites across New Zealand. The main question in this part of the thesis was whether to use LST series from a single MODIS pixel or the series of a spatially averaged value from multiple pixels for Ta estimation. It was found that the LST series from a single pixel can be used to model Ta with an accuracy of about ±1 ºC. The modelled
Ta in this way showed r ≈ 0.80 correlation with the in-situ measurements. The Ta estimation accuracy improved to about ±0.5 ºC and the correlation to r ≈ 0.85 when LST series from spatially averaged values over a window of 9x9 to 25x25 pixels were applied. It was discussed that these improvements are due to noise reduction in the spatially averaged LST series. By comparison of LST diurnal trends from MODIS with Ta diurnal trends from hourly measurements in a weather station, it was shown that the MODIS LST has a better agreement with Ta measurements at certain times of the day with changes over day and night.
After estimation of Ta, the MODIS LST was applied to derive the near-surface SM using two Apparent Thermal Inertia (ATI) functions. The objective was to find out if more daily LST observations can provide a better SM derivation. It was also aimed to identify the potential of a land-atmospheric coupled model for filling the gaps in derived SM, which were due to cloud cover. The in-situ SM measurements and rainfall data from six stations were used for validation of SM derived from the two ATI functions and simulated by the WRF model. It was shown that the ATI function based on four LST observations has a better ability to derive SM temporal profiles and is better able to detect rainfall effects.
Finally, the MODIS LST was applied for spatial and temporal adjustment of the near-surface SM product from AMSR-E passive microwave observations over the South Island of New Zealand. It was shown that the adjustment technique improves AMSR-E seasonal trends and leads to a better matching with rainfall events. Additionally, a clear seasonal variability was observed in the adjusted AMSR-E SM in the spatial domain.
Findings of this thesis showed that the satellite observed LST has the potential for the estimation of the land surface variables, such as the near-surface Ta and SM. This potential is greatly important on remote and alpine areas where regular measurements from weather stations are not often available. According to the results from the first validation site, however, the MODIS LST needs a careful pre-processing on those areas. The concluding chapter included a discussion of the limitations of remotely sensed data due to cloud cover, dense vegetation and rugged topography. It was concluded that the satellite observed LST has the potential for SM and Ta estimations in New Zealand. It was also found that a land-atmospheric model (such as the WRF coupled with the
Noah and surface model) can be applied for filling the gaps due to cloud cover in
remotely sensed variables.
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Falcini, Patrick. "Analisi di immagini termiche aeree e satellitari per indagini multiscala in ambito urbano." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2007/.
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L’alta risoluzione nel telerilevamento termico (Thermal Remote Sensing) da aereo o satellitare si rivela molto importante nell’analisi del comportamento termico delle superfici, in particolare per lo studio dei fenomeni climatici locali dello spazio urbano. La stato termico dell'ambiente urbano è oggi motivo di grande interesse per ricercatori, organi istituzionali e cittadini.
Uno dei maggiori campi di studio del comportamento termico urbano interessa il problema energetico: la riduzione dei consumi e delle emissioni di CO2 è un obiettivo primario da perseguire per uno sviluppo sostenibile, spesso supportato da criteri legislativi e progetti comunitari. Su scala differente e con caratteristiche differenti, un altro degli argomenti che scuote da anni e con notevole interesse la ricerca scientifica, è il fenomeno termico urbano che prende il nome di isola di calore; questa si sviluppa non solo in conseguenza al calore sensibile rilasciato da attività antropiche, ma anche a causa della sempre maggiore conversione del territorio rurale in urbanizzato (inurbamento), con conseguente riduzione del fenomeno dell’evapotraspirazione.
Oggetto di questa dissertazione è lo studio del comportamento termico delle superfici in ambito urbano, sperimentato sulla città di Bologna. Il primo capitolo si interessa dei principi e delle leggi fisiche sui quali è basato il telerilevamento effettuato nelle bende spettrali dell’infrarosso termico. Viene data una definizione di temperatura radiometrica e cinematica, tra loro legate dall’emissività. Vengono esposti i concetti di risoluzione (geometrica, radiometrica, temporale e spettrale) dell’immagine termica e viene data descrizione dei principali sensori su piattaforma spaziale per l’alta risoluzione nel TIR (ASTER e Landsat).
Il secondo capitolo si apre con la definizione di LST (Land Surface Temperature), parametro del terreno misurato col telerilevamento, e ne viene descritta la dipendenza dal flusso della radiazione in atmosfera e dalle condizioni di bilancio termico della superficie investigata. Per la sua determinazione vengono proposti metodi diversi in funzione del numero di osservazioni disponibili nelle diverse bande spettrali dell’IR termico. In chiusura sono discussi i parametri che ne caratterizzano la variabilità.
Il capitolo terzo entra nel dettaglio del telerilevamento termico in ambito urbano, definendo il fenomeno dell’Urban Heat Island su tutti i livelli atmosferici interessati, fornendo un quadro di operabilità con gli strumenti moderni di rilievo alle differenti scale (analisi multiscala). Un esempio concreto di studio multiscala dei fenomeni termici urbani è il progetto europeo EnergyCity, volto a ridurre i consumi energetici e le emissioni di gas serra di alcune città del centro Europa.
Il capitolo quarto riporta la sperimentazione condotta sull’isola di calore urbana della città di Bologna tramite immagini ASTER con risoluzione spaziale 90 m nel TIR e ricampionate a 15 m dal VIS. Lo studio dell’isola di calore si è effettuata a partire dal calcolo della Land Surface Temperature utilizzando valori di emissività derivati da classificazione delle superfici al suolo. Per la validazione dei dati, in alternativa alle stazioni di monitoraggio fisse dell’ARPA, presenti nell’area metropolitana della città, si è sperimentato l’utilizzo di data-loggers per il rilievo di temperatura con possibilità di campionamento a 2 sec. installati su veicoli mobili, strumentati con ricevitori GPS, per la misura dei profili di temperatura atmosferica near-ground lungo transetti di attraversamento della città in direzione est-ovest.
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Carbajal, Dominguez Gisell Indira. "Estimación del índice de sequía a partir de datos imágenes NDVI y LST del sensor MODIS y TRMM para las regiones de Lambayeque, Piura y Cajamarca – Perú, durante el periodo 2000 – 2013." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7235.
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Analiza los índices de sequía generados mediante las imágenes satelitales para el seguimiento de la distribución espacial y evolución temporal del índice de sequía sintetizado (ISS), definido como la primera componente principal del índice de condición de la vegetación (ICV), índice de condición de la temperatura (ICT) e índice de condición de la precipitación (ICP). Es decir, el ISS integra tres productos; los dos primeros productos obtenidos del sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradimeter) a bordo del satélite Terra; como son el NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) y el LST (Land Surface Temperature) y el tercer producto la precipitación estimada por el sensor activo radar de precipitación (PR) a bordo del satélite TRMM 3B43 versión 7 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission). El ISS sintetiza la información acerca del déficit de precipitación, estrés térmico del suelo y el estado de crecimiento de la vegetación en el proceso de sequía. Muestra los resultados de la distribución espacial y evolución temporal del ISS, ICV, ICT e ICP, para la zona árida, semiárida y subhúmeda seca, donde los valores menores a 0.4 corresponden a la sequía extrema, severa y moderada, y también muestra que los años 2004 y 2005 fueron años de sequía. Los índices ISS, ICV, ICT e ICP se evaluaron con el índice de precipitación estandarizada a una escala de 3 meses (IPE3) lo cual refleja adecuadamente la información de la sequía meteorológica para cada zona de aridez. En la zona árida corresponden el ISS y el ICV, en la zona semiárida corresponden el ISS y el ICT y en la zona subhúmeda seca corresponden el ISS y el ICT, donde el ISS tiene una moderada correlación de 0.66 en la zona semiárida y de 0.54 en la zona subhúmeda seca, para las regiones de Piura, Lambayeque y Cajamarca en el periodo marzo 2000 a diciembre 2013.<br>Tesis
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Buder, Jens. "Neues Planungsverfahren für Anlagen der Leit- und Sicherungstechnik auf Basis durchgängiger elektronischer Datenhaltung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-219652.
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Zur Errichtung und Inbetriebnahme von Anlagen der Leit- und Sicherungstechnik (LST), zu denen beispielsweise Elektronische Stellwerke (ESTW) gehören, sind unter anderem definierte Planungs-, Begutachtungs- und Freigabeschritte zu durchlaufen. Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert den LST-Planungsprozess hinsichtlich seiner erforderlichen Abläufe und Komplexität im Vergleich der bisherigen Regelwerksvorgaben mit praktischen Umsetzungen. Auf den Analyseergebnissen einschließlich herausgearbeiteter Probleme aufbauend, werden unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Erkenntnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt „PlanPro - Durchgängige elektronische Datenhaltung im ESTW-Planungsprozess“ Vorschläge für einen zukünftigen LST-Planungsprozess vorgestellt und wissenschaftlich aufbereitet. Dabei sollen durch den verstärkten Einsatz IT-gestützter Verfahren die Planungsqualität erhöht und die Prozesse insgesamt beschleunigt werden. In der Arbeit werden auch grundlegende Neuerungen mit PlanPro dargestellt, ebenso wie Anforderungen an die LST-Datenbank, die zukünftig eine zentrale Rolle für das Abspeichern und Weitergeben von Planungs- und Bestandsdaten einnehmen wird. Erläuterungen zu einem denkbaren Einführungskonzept sowie eine Schlussbetrachtung runden diese Dissertation ab<br>For installation and commissioning of railway signalling equipment, which may include computer-based interlocking (CBI), defined tasks for planning, assess-ment and approval have to be executed. This dissertation analyses the planning process of the railway signalling equipment with regard to its necessary processes and complexity. Additionally, it compares existing legal requirements with their practical realisation. Based on the results of this analysis and their identified problems, proposals for a future planning process for railway signalling equipment will be scientifically prepared and presented. They are taking into account the latest results from the research project "PlanPro - Integrated electronic data storage in electronic interlocking planning process". By the progressive use of IT-based processes, planning quality will be increased and the processes can be accelerated altogether. Thereupon, fundamental changes based on PlanPro are presented. This applies to requirements for the database of railways signalling equipment, which will play a key role for the storage and sharing of planning and inventory data in the future, too. An explanation of a possible introduction concept as well as a conclusion complete this disserta-tion
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Macauley, Nadine. "Impact of Carbon Sinks on Urban Heat Island Effects : Assessment Using Satellite Data in Water Scarce Region of the Thesis." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33414.
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Urbanization modifies the thermal characteristics of the land and makes way for a succession of transformations in the urban environmental system. This phenomenon, known as Urban Heat Island (UHI), is characterized by elevated temperatures in urban areas that negatively impact on the quality of life and environment in urban areas including, increased emissions of Green House Gases (GHGs) and rising energy consumption. These impacts add to global climate change and thus, mitigating UHI is essential to mitigating global climate change. One GHG, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), accounts for about half of the Earth’s anthropogenic GHG emissions. Terrestrial ecosystems can act as Carbon sinks (C sinks), i.e. natural vegetation reservoirs that absorb more C than they release. Thus, C sinks play an essential and critical function in lowering CO2. Furthermore, providing appropriate C sinks at both the building and urban scales can decrease UHI and contribute to reduction in energy consumption. This study used Landsat 8 imagery of the site, Al Bayt Stadium in Qatar, to investigate the effects of surface UHI by computing the Land Surface Temperature (LST) difference of the site---pre- and post-construction, as well as examine the correlation between natural vegetation abundance and temperature in ten locations within the site’s vicinity. Results show that minimum, maximum and mean LST of the case study area (2014 vs. 2020) decreased 2.80 oC, 5.5 oC and 2.3 oC, respectively, as well as a decreasing trend in the LST as a function of increasing C Sinks. These results demonstrate the importance of introducing C sinks to lower LST and mitigate UHI. Mitigating UHI also has a direct effect on Energy Consumption Balance (ECB). This equilibrium is achieved not only through the introduction of C sinks, but balancing C sinks with high albedo materials and natural ventilation. Thus, this study also investigated the site’s various design aspects (e.g. cooling technology, structure and surface albedo materials, landscaping) and found that Al Bayt Stadium’s design successfully incorporates strategies to reduce energy consumption at both the urban (macro) and building (micro) scales.
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Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo. "Towards Climate Based Early Warning and Response Systems for Malaria." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130169.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Great strides have been made in combating malaria, however, the indicators in sub Saharan Africa still do not show promise for elimination in the near future as malaria infections still result in high morbidity and mortality among children. The abundance of the malaria-transmitting mosquito vectors in these regions are driven by climate suitability. In order to achieve malaria elimination by 2030, strengthening of surveillance systems have been advocated. Based on malaria surveillance and climate monitoring, forecasting models may be developed for early warnings. Therefore, in this thesis, we strived to illustrate the use malaria surveillance and climate data for policy and decision making by assessing the association between weather variability (from ground and remote sensing sources) and malaria mortality, and by building malaria admission forecasting models. We further propose an economic framework for integrating forecasts into operational surveillance system for evidence based decisionmaking and resource allocation. Methods: The studies were based in Asembo, Gem and Karemo areas of the KEMRI/CDC Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Western Kenya. Lagged association of rainfall and temperature with malaria mortality was modeled using general additive models, while distributed lag non-linear models were used to explore relationship between remote sensing variables, land surface temperature(LST), normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and rainfall on weekly malaria mortality. General additive models, with and without boosting, were used to develop malaria admissions forecasting models for lead times one to three months. We developed a framework for incorporating forecast output into economic evaluation of response strategies at different lead times including uncertainties. The forecast output could either be an alert based on a threshold, or absolute predicted cases. In both situations, interventions at each lead time could be evaluated by the derived net benefit function and uncertainty incorporated by simulation. Results: We found that the environmental factors correlated with malaria mortality with varying latencies. In the first paper, where we used ground weather data, the effect of mean temperature was significant from lag of 9 weeks, with risks higher for mean temperatures above 250C. The effect of cumulative precipitation was delayed and began from 5 weeks. Weekly total rainfall of more than 120 mm resulted in increased risk for mortality. In the second paper, using remotely sensed data, the effect of precipitation was consistent in the three areas, with increasing effect with weekly total rainfall of over 40 mm, and then declined at 80 mm of weekly rainfall. NDVI below 0.4 increased the risk of malaria mortality, while day LST above 350C increased the risk of malaria mortality with shorter lags for high LST weeks. The lag effect of precipitation was more delayed for precipitation values below 20 mm starting at week 5 while shorter lag effect for higher precipitation weeks. The effect of higher NDVI values above 0.4 were more delayed and protective while shorter lag effect for NDVI below 0.4. For all the lead times, in the malaria admissions forecasting modelling in the third paper, the boosted regression models provided better prediction accuracy. The economic framework in the fourth paper presented a probability function of the net benefit of response measures, where the best response at particular lead time corresponded to the one with the highest probability, and absolute value, of a net benefit surplus. Conclusion: We have shown that lagged relationship between environmental variables and malaria health outcomes follow the expected biological mechanism, where presentation of cases follow the onset of specific weather conditions and climate variability. This relationship guided the development of predictive models showcased with the malaria admissions model. Further, we developed an economic framework connecting the forecasts to response measures in situations with considerable uncertainties. Thus, the thesis work has contributed to several important components of early warning systems including risk assessment; utilizing surveillance data for prediction; and a method to identifying cost-effective response strategies. We recommend economic evaluation becomes standard in implementation of early warning system to guide long-term sustainability of such health protection programs.
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Boucaud, Alexandre. "Large imaging surveys for cosmology : Cosmic magnification and photometric calibration." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983440.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse se focalise sur l'usage de grands sondages pour extraire de l'information sur la cosmologie. Une photométrie de précision joue un rôle clé dans cette quête à travers la détermination de redshifts photométriques ainsi que la propagation des erreurs dans les résultats cosmologiques ; thème unissant les deux parties de cette thèse. Après une revue de la cosmologie et des mesures favorisant le modèle ΛCDM, ainsi qu'une description du Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), la première partie de ce travail se porte sur l'étude de la variation des principaux constituants de l'atmosphère sur la photométrie au sol, au niveau du site du LSST à Cerro Pachón, au Chili. Nous utilisons des données récentes sur l'ozone, la vapeur d'eau et les aérosols pour en construire une simulation de longue durée et estimer quantitativement l'influence des gradients spatiaux et temporels de ces constituants sur la procédure de la calibration du LSST. La deuxième partie de ce travail débute par une description théorique de l'effet de lentille gravitationnelle, avec un accent sur le lentillage faible. Après une comparaison des avantages et inconvénients inhérents aux mesures de cisaillement cosmique, nous explorons l'utilisation de l'amplification cosmique conjointement à la séparation tomographique en redshift permise par le LSST afin de contraindre les modèles. Nous trouvons que l'amplification cosmique, bien qu'affectée par le clustering intrinsèque, représente une sonde prometteuse du biais des galaxies et de l'énergie noire, complémentaire au cisaillement cosmique, et qui augmente la robustesse des contraintes cosmologiques provenant des mêmes relevés.
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Ferreira, Stephanus Lourens. "The Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Student Support and Development Services .ID Further Education and Training Colleges in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
The Student Support and Development Services (SSDS) at Further Education and Training (FET) colleges represent a holistic and systemic approach to addressing barriers to learning and development. College SSDS are based on the acknowledgement that all FET students need support and development and that, when addressing needs of the college student, it is done in a holistic, integrated, intersectional and inclusive manner.<br />
<br />
The SSDS therefore strive to develop competencies, knowledge, skills and attitudes in a systemic and holistic manner. The aim of the study was to design, implement and evaluate SSDS at the FET colleges in the Western Cape Education Department and to establish a Lecturer Support and Development Team (LSDT) at each FET college, which would include the following services.<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>student counselling services</li>
<li>academic development and learning support</li>
<li>occupationald evelopmenat nd careerg uidance</li>
<li>life skills education and health education, and</li>
<li>college institutional development</li>
</ul>
Student counselling services at FET colleges aim to render comprehensive student services with a holistic developmental aspect of the student in relation to his/her social, emotional, physical and cognitive dimensions. The staff of the LSDT are the first line of contact for the troubled student. Academic development is aimed at the students who enter the FET sector with inadequate schooling, education and training. Orientation programmes include bridging the gap between schooling and FET education and training. Bridging programmes and remedial programmes are offered to students to compensate for their academic backlog and to accelerate their education and training up to a level suitable for FET.
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Zimmermann, Anne. "BIM-gerechte Aufarbeitung von LST-Planungsdaten." 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75839.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Arbeit wird ein Gesamtmodell nach der Methodik des Building Information Modeling (BIM) erstellt, um einige praktische Fragestellungen bei der Integration von Planungsdaten der Leit- und Sicherungstechnik (LST) in dieses Modell zu untersuchen. Hierbei wird der Datenaustausch zwischen ProSig 7 als Planungswerkzeug für die LST und KorFin als BIM-Software über die Schnittstelle „PlanPro“ realisiert. Anhand zweier Anwendungsfälle (LST-fachliche Änderung und Änderung der Trassierung) wird ein Workflow zum Datenaustausch zwischen beiden Softwaresystemen aufgestellt. Die vorhandenen Planungsdaten müssen für die Integration ins BIM-Modell mit einer 3D-Repräsentation versehen werden. Hierfür wird ein Konzept zum automatisierten Zusammenbau von Haupt- und Vorsignalen des Signalsystems Ks aus einzelnen Bauteilen anhand der PlanPro-Daten entwickelt. Mit PlanPro existiert neben den Gleisnetzdaten (GND) eine weitere Quelle, aus der eine Trassierung ins BIM-Gesamtmodell importiert werden kann. Es werden eventuelle Unterschiede in der Gleislage in Abhängigkeit von der Datenquelle und der verwendeten Software untersucht. Dabei zeigen sich signifikante Abweichungen in der Konstruktion der Übergangsbögen zwischen KorFin und ProSig und notwendige Anpassungen bei Ableitung der Gradiente aus PlanPro-Daten im Vergleich zur Nutzung der GND. Abschließend wird auf das neue Datenhaltungssystem AVANI eingegangen und beleuchtet, inwiefern eine Integration der Speicherung der erzeugten Daten über verschiedene Betrachtungsebenen hinweg (PlanPro, BIM und AVANI) sinnvoll wäre.:Aufgabenstellung
Autorenreferat
Abstract
Thesen zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Motivation und Zielstellung
2 Grundlagen
2.1 Building Information Modeling
2.2 Geoinformationssysteme
2.3 Gleisnetzdaten
2.4 PlanPro
2.5 Software
2.5.1 KorFin Model und KorFin
2.5.2 ProSig
2.5.3 QGIS
3 Erstellung des Bestandsmodells
3.1 Geodaten Sachsens
3.2 Eisenbahnspezifische Daten
3.2.1 Bf Mosel
3.2.2 Bf P-Hausen
3.2.3 Warum P-Hausen?
3.2.4 Import in KorFin
3.3 Versionsverwaltung mit Git
4 Praktische Untersuchungsschwerpunkte
4.1 Entwurf eines Workflows zum Datenaustausch
4.1.1 Anwendungsfall: LST-fachliche Änderung
4.1.2 Anwendungsfall: Trassierungsänderung
4.1.3 Ableitung eines allgemeingültigen Workflows
4.2 Bauteilbibliothek LST
4.2.1 Aktueller Stand
4.2.2 Entwurf eines Konzepts zum automatisierten Zusammenbau von Bauteilen zu Signalmodellen anhand der PlanPro-Daten
4.2.3 Weitere relevante Aspekte
4.2.4 Einbindung von 3D-Modellen für die Signale im Bf P-Hausen
4.3 Single source of truth
4.3.1 Vergleich der Gleislage der GND und PP-XML in KorFin
4.3.2 Vergleich der Gleislage in ProSig mit den auf der PP-XML basierenden Gleisen in KorFin
4.3.3 Vergleich der Höhenlagen
4.3.4 Zu verwendendes Koordinatenreferenzsystem
5 AVANI
6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Abkürzungsverzeichnis
Abbildungsverzeichnis
Tabellenverzeichnis
Quellenverzeichnis
Erklärung
Anhang A: Bauteilübersicht zum Konzept des automatisierten Zusammenbaus von Signalmodellen (Signalsystem Ks)
Anhang B: Ausgangsdaten zum Konzept des automatisierten Zusammenbaus von Signalmodellen (Signalsystem Ks)
Anhang C: Pseudocode zum Konzept des automatisierten Zusammenbaus von Signalmodellen (Signalsystem Ks)
Anhang D: Datenfluss für den Import der eisenbahnspezifischen Daten ins BIM-Gesamtmodell
Anhang E: Sicherungstechnische Lagepläne zum Anwendungsfall „LST-fachliche Änderung“
Anhang F: Workflow für den Datenaustausch zwischen ProSig 7 und KorFin
Anhang G: Protokolle persönlicher Kommunikation<br>In this thesis, a 3D model is created according to the methodology of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in order to investigate some practical questions regarding the integration of signalling engineering data into this model. The exchange of data between ProSig 7 as a signalling planning tool and KorFin as a software for BIM applications is achieved through the usage of the “PlanPro” interface. Based on two specific use cases (change in signalling content and change in track layout) a workflow for the exchange of data between the two software systems is developed. To be integrated into the BIM model, the existing planning data must be enriched with a 3D representation. For this purpose, a concept is being developed for the automated assembly of distant and main signals (signalling system “Ks”) from individual components using the PlanPro data. With PlanPro, another source beside the track network data is available from which the alignment can be imported into the BIM model. Possible differences in track geometry are examined depending on the data source and the software used. Significant discrepancies in the construction of transition curves between KorFin and ProSig are revealed, as well as the need for adjusting the deduction of gradient profiles from PlanPro compared to the usage of the track network data. Finally, the new data management system AVANI is examined regarding the usefulness of an integrated data storage across different levels of perspective (AVANI, BIM and PlanPro).:Aufgabenstellung
Autorenreferat
Abstract
Thesen zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Motivation und Zielstellung
2 Grundlagen
2.1 Building Information Modeling
2.2 Geoinformationssysteme
2.3 Gleisnetzdaten
2.4 PlanPro
2.5 Software
2.5.1 KorFin Model und KorFin
2.5.2 ProSig
2.5.3 QGIS
3 Erstellung des Bestandsmodells
3.1 Geodaten Sachsens
3.2 Eisenbahnspezifische Daten
3.2.1 Bf Mosel
3.2.2 Bf P-Hausen
3.2.3 Warum P-Hausen?
3.2.4 Import in KorFin
3.3 Versionsverwaltung mit Git
4 Praktische Untersuchungsschwerpunkte
4.1 Entwurf eines Workflows zum Datenaustausch
4.1.1 Anwendungsfall: LST-fachliche Änderung
4.1.2 Anwendungsfall: Trassierungsänderung
4.1.3 Ableitung eines allgemeingültigen Workflows
4.2 Bauteilbibliothek LST
4.2.1 Aktueller Stand
4.2.2 Entwurf eines Konzepts zum automatisierten Zusammenbau von Bauteilen zu Signalmodellen anhand der PlanPro-Daten
4.2.3 Weitere relevante Aspekte
4.2.4 Einbindung von 3D-Modellen für die Signale im Bf P-Hausen
4.3 Single source of truth
4.3.1 Vergleich der Gleislage der GND und PP-XML in KorFin
4.3.2 Vergleich der Gleislage in ProSig mit den auf der PP-XML basierenden Gleisen in KorFin
4.3.3 Vergleich der Höhenlagen
4.3.4 Zu verwendendes Koordinatenreferenzsystem
5 AVANI
6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Abkürzungsverzeichnis
Abbildungsverzeichnis
Tabellenverzeichnis
Quellenverzeichnis
Erklärung
Anhang A: Bauteilübersicht zum Konzept des automatisierten Zusammenbaus von Signalmodellen (Signalsystem Ks)
Anhang B: Ausgangsdaten zum Konzept des automatisierten Zusammenbaus von Signalmodellen (Signalsystem Ks)
Anhang C: Pseudocode zum Konzept des automatisierten Zusammenbaus von Signalmodellen (Signalsystem Ks)
Anhang D: Datenfluss für den Import der eisenbahnspezifischen Daten ins BIM-Gesamtmodell
Anhang E: Sicherungstechnische Lagepläne zum Anwendungsfall „LST-fachliche Änderung“
Anhang F: Workflow für den Datenaustausch zwischen ProSig 7 und KorFin
Anhang G: Protokolle persönlicher Kommunikation