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Journal articles on the topic 'LTB'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Loc, Nguyen H., Nghiem V. Tung, Phan T. A. Kim, and Moon S. Yang. "Expression of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit in Centella (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) via Biolistic Transformation." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 10 (2020): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200226094150.

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Background: Heat-Labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) produced by Escherichia coli, a non-toxic protein subunit with potential biological properties, is a powerful mucosal and parenteral adjuvant which can induce a strong immune response against co-administered antigens. Objective: In the present study, LTB protein, encoded by the optimized ltb (also known synthetic ltb, s-ltb) gene in centella plant (Centella asiatica) for use as an antigen, has been discussed. Methods: The s-ltb gene was cloned into a plant expression vector, pMYO51, adjacent to the CaMV 35S promoter and was then introduced in

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2

Jawale, Chetan V., and John Hwa Lee. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Ghosts Carrying the Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Are Capable of Inducing Enhanced Protective Immune Responses." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 6 (2014): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00016-14.

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ABSTRACTTheEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) is a potent vaccine adjuvant.Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis ghosts carrying LTB (S. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts) were genetically constructed using a novel plasmid, pJHL187-LTB, designed for the coexpression of the LTB and E lysis proteins.S. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy to visualize their transmembrane tunnel structures. The expression of LTB inS. Enteritidis-LTB ghost preparations was confirmed by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The parenteral adjuvant acti

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3

Kim, Jung-Mi, Seung-Moon Park, Jung-Ae Kim, et al. "Functional Pentameric Formation via Coexpression of the Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit and Its Fusion Protein Subunit with a Neutralizing Epitope of ApxIIA Exotoxin Improves the Mucosal Immunogenicity and Protection against Challenge by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 12 (2011): 2168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05230-11.

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ABSTRACTA coexpression strategy inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing episomal and integrative vectors for theEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) and a fusion protein of an ApxIIA toxin epitope produced byActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaecoupled to LTB, respectively, was adapted for the hetero-oligomerization of LTB and the LTB fusion construct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with GM1 ganglioside indicated that the LTB fusion construct, along with LTB, was oligomerized to make the functional heteropentameric form, which can bind to receptors on the mucosal epithelium. Th

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4

Zhang, Wenna, Feng Liu, and Feng Xi. "Lateral Torsional Buckling of Steel Beams under Transverse Impact Loading." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4189750.

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This study employs experiments and numerical simulation to analyze the dynamic response of steel beams under huge-mass impact. Results show that lateral torsional buckling (LTB) occurs for a narrow rectangular cross-section steel beam under transverse impact. The experiments were simulated using LS-DYNA. The numerical simulation is in good agreement with experimental results, thus indicating that the LTB phenomenon is the real tendency of steel beams under impact. Meanwhile, the study shows that LS-DYNA can readily predict the LTB of steel beams. A numerical simulation on the dynamic response

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5

Hur, Jin, and John Hwa Lee. "Enhancement of Immune Responses by an AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Strain Secreting anEscherichia coliHeat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Protein as an Adjuvant for a LiveSalmonellaVaccine Candidate." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 2 (2010): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00407-10.

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ABSTRACTA plasmid harboringeltB, the gene encoding heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB), was constructed by insertion ofeltBinto an Asd+β-lactamase signal plasmid (pMMP65). This was introduced into the ΔlonΔcpxRΔasd Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium strain and designated the LTB adjuvant strain. LTB protein production and secretion from the strain were demonstrated with an immunoblot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The LTB strain was evaluated for enhancement of immunity and protection efficacy induced by a previously constructed liveSalmonellavaccine candidate. In addition, immuniz

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Galli, Giulia, Claudia Proto, Diego Signorelli, et al. "Characterization of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer obtaining long-term benefit from immunotherapy." Future Oncology 15, no. 23 (2019): 2743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2019-0055.

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Aim: A minority of patients gains advantage from immunotherapy (IO). Predictive variables of long-term benefit (LTB) are incompletely understood. Materials & methods: We retrospectively collected data about metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with IO from April 2013 to July 2017. We defined LTB to IO as complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or disease stability as best response and maintaining it for ≥12 months. Results: Thirty-five of the 147 patients had LTB. More LTB patients than controls showed CR/PR as first and best response to IO. Only CR/PR as best respo

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7

Jawale, Chetan V., Nithiphonh Somsanith, Seong Kug Eo, Sang-Youel Park, and John Hwa Lee. "Evaluation of Salmonella Gallinarum ghost formulated with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG adjuvant as a vaccine against fowl typhoid." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 63, no. 4 (2015): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2015.038.

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Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) protein is a potent adjuvant. Salmonella Gallinarum ghosts carrying LTB (S. Gallinarum-LTB ghosts) were genetically constructed using a plasmid, pJHL187-LTB, designed for the co-expression of the LTB and E lysis proteins. This study evaluates the immunopotentiating effects of Montanide™ ISA 70 VG on S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost vaccination against fowl typhoid. Five-week-old layer chickens were injected intramuscularly with sterile PBS (non-immunised control, Group A), S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost (Group B) or S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost emulsified wi

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8

Ge, Jun-Wei, Di-Qiu Liu, and Yi-Jing Li. "Construction of recombinant lactobacilli expressing the core neutralizing epitope (COE) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and a fusion protein consisting of COE and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B, and comparison of the immune responses by orogastric immunization." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, no. 11 (2012): 1258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-098.

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The core neutralizing epitope (COE) region of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) plays an important role in the development of the subunit vaccine against PEDV infection. To enhance the vaccine’s immunogenicity, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) has usually been adopted as a molecular adjuvant. In this study, the COE and LTB–COE genes were engineered into the Lactobacillus –Escherichia coli shuttle vectors pSAPG1 (surface-displaying) and pSAPG2 (secreting) followed by electrotransformation into Lactobacillus casei (Lc) to yield the following recombinant strains: Lc:PG1-LTB-C

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9

Girmay, Getu, Amare Kiflie, Meseret Alem, Mulualem Lemma, and Gezahegn Bewket. "Human-immunodeficiency virus infection associated with the impaired Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine response in latent tuberculosis-infected individuals: A comparative cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (2024): e0313306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313306.

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Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections are extensively overlapping, especially in developing countries. HIV infection is known as a major risk factor for the reactivation of latent TB into active TB. Although not fully understood and needs further study, HIV infection might enhance the reactivation of latent TB by breaching immune control mechanisms. We investigated the influence of HIV infection on the cytokine response of LTB-infected individuals. Heparinized venous blood was collected from 40 ART-naïve HIV-infected and 30 HIV-negative healthy controls for LTB screening, plasma collection,

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10

Loc, N. H., D. T. Long, T. G. Kim, and M. S. Yang. "Expression of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 1 (2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2013-cjgpb.

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We report a feasibility study for expressing the LTB protein (Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We produced five regenerated plants obtained on the selection medium supplemented with an antibiotic. Stable integrations of the LTB&nbsp;gene into the genome of these plants were confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Western blot analysis showed that only two of the five T<sub>0 </sub>transgenic tomato plants expressed the pentameric LTB protein in the fruits. An enzyme-linked immuno

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11

Weltzin, Richard, Bruno Guy, William D. Thomas, Paul J. Giannasca, and Thomas P. Monath. "Parenteral Adjuvant Activities of Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin and Its B Subunit for Immunization of Mice against Gastric Helicobacter pyloriInfection." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 5 (2000): 2775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.5.2775-2782.2000.

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ABSTRACT The heat-labile toxin (LT) of Escherichia coli is a potent mucosal adjuvant that has been used to induce protective immunity against Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. We studied whether recombinant LT or its B subunit (LTB) has adjuvant activity in mice when delivered withH. pylori urease antigen via the parenteral route. Mice were immunized subcutaneously or intradermally with urease plus LT, recombinant LTB, or a combination of LT and LTB prior to intragastric challenge with H. pylori. Control mice were immunized orally with urease plus LT, a regimen show

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12

Ike, C. "Solving lateral-torsional buckling problems in thin-walled bisymmetric beam using Stodola-Vianello iteration method." Nigerian Journal of Technology 44, no. 1 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v44i1.1.

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Thin-walled beams are susceptible to lateral torsional buckling (LTB) and can fail by LTB even when their material strengths have not been attained. The safe designs of thin-walled beams thus require LTB analysis to determine minimum LTB load. This paper aims to develop LTB load solutions of thin-walled bisymmetric beams using Stodola-Vianello iteration method (SVIM). The equations of LTB are differential equations derived from equilibrium conditions, incorporating bending, torsion, and warping effects. These equations are then transformed to more amenable iteration equations using SVIM. The S

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13

Sholberg, P. L., P. Haag, and D. A. Gaudet. "Effect of fungicides and controlled-atmosphere storage on LTB rot of apples." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 2 (1995): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-090.

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Inhibition of mycelial growth of the low-temperature basidiomycete (LTB) strain LRS 233, which causes LTB rot of pome fruit, was evaluated on potato dextrose agar amended with 15 fungicides. Flusilazole and triadimefon were the most effective fungicides, reducing growth by 98.2 and 71.5%, respectively, when used at 1 μg mL1. Mancozeb was effective at a higher concentration, reducing growth 96.9% when used at 100 μg mL1. In orchard tests, dodine, metiram, sodium hypochlorite and ziram reduced LTB rot of Spartan apples in controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage in 1986–1987 and 1988–1989. Flusilazole

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14

Lipilkina, Tatiana Alexandrovna, Cristhian Xu, Matheus de Souza Barbosa, et al. "Beneficial and Safety Properties of a Bacteriocinogenic and Putative Probiotic Latilactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 2a Strain." Foods 13, no. 23 (2024): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13233770.

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This work aimed to evaluate some of the probiotic features and safety of the bacteriocin-producing Latilactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 2a. The effect of selected commercial drugs from different generic groups and antibiotics on the growth of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a was also determined. The presence of virulence factors was determined based on PCR with total DNA from Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a. Good growth of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a was recorded in MRS broth supplemented with 0.2% or 0.4% oxbile or in MRS broth adjusted to a pH from 5.0–9.0. Auto-aggregation of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a

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15

Wang, Xia, and Boqiang Lin. "Information Management of Low-Carbon Travel Behavior." Journal of Global Information Management 32, no. 1 (2024): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.349725.

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Low-carbon travel is widely recognized as an important strategy for reducing energy consumption, mitigating pollution emissions, and alleviating traffic congestion. This study utilizes a sample of 2167 residents from four Chinese cities and employs the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in conjunction with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to obtain more information about the determinants of Low-carbon travel behavior (LTB). Key findings include: (1) The extended TPB proved to be highly applicable to the analysis of LTB, with perceived behavioral control (PBC) exhibiting the most influential fa

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16

Oh, In-Gyeong, Chetan Jawale, and John Lee. "The B subunits of cholera and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxins enhance the immune responses in mice orally immunised with a recombinant live P-fimbrial vaccine for avian pathogenic E. coli." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 62, no. 3 (2014): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2014.006.

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This study aimed to investigate the adjuvant effect of recombinant attenuatedSalmonellaexpressing cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) andEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) for the P-fimbriae subunit-based vaccine of avian pathogenicE. coli(APEC) in a murine model. The PapA-specific sIgA and IgG responses were significantly enhanced after immunisation with theSalmonella-PapA vaccine in the presence of CTB or LTB. The group immunised with theSalmonella-LTB strain promoted Th1-type immunity, whereas that immunised with theSalmonella-CTB strain produced Th2-type immunity. We conclud

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17

Sepehri, NazaninZahra, Seyed Mohammad Saghanezhad, Farshad Khoddami, Amin Arasteh, Marziyeh Delirakbariazar, and Azad Khaledi. "Meta-analysis of latent tuberculosis in healthcare workers in Iran: a retrospective review." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 115, no. 9 (2021): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trab006.

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Background Here we review the status of latent tuberculosis (LTB) in Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods A literature search was conducted using keywords according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses instructions. Cross-sectional studies published from 1 January 2000 through 1 January 2019 were retrieved. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software using the random effects model, Cochran's Q and I2 tests. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. Results Among 774 articles retrieved i

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18

Li, Fengsai, Xiaona Wang, Rumeng Ma, et al. "Oral Immunization with Lactobacillus casei Expressing the Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Cap and LTB Induces Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses in Mice." Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071302.

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes many diseases in weaned piglets, leading to serious economic losses to the pig industry. This study investigated the immune response following oral administration of Lactobacillus casei ATCC393 (L. casei 393) expressing PCV2 capsid protein (Cap) fusion with the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB) in mice. Recombinant L. casei strains were constructed using plasmids pPG611.1 and pPG612.1. The expression and localization of proteins from recombinant pPG611.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-1-Cap-LTB)/L. casei 393 and pPG612.1-Cap-LTB (pPG-2-Cap-LTB)/L. casei 3

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Sholberg, P. L., E. J. Hogue, and G. H. Neilsen. "Effect of orchard cover crop on incidence of low-temperature-basidiomycete rot of stored Spartan Apples." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (1998): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-045.

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Apples cv. Spartan from the same orchard block in Kelowna, British Columbia, were stored in a controlled atmosphere storage facility for seven to eight months each year for a period of four years from 1989 to 1993 to study the effect of nitrogen fertilization rate and orchard cover crop on the incidence of low-temperature-basidiomycete (LTB) rot. The effect of adding orchard floor litter from the cover crop was studied during the last two years of the study. Rate of nitrogen fertilization did not affect disease incidence, but cover crop influenced LTB rot in apples stored with and without orch

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Prasetyo, Rudi, Lilik Handayani, Shirly Rizki Kusumaningrum, and Radeni Sukma Indra Dewi. "DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT TEST BOARD (LTB) MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL." SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah 1, no. 3 (2022): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v1i3.289.

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Science learning about the natures of light was an abstract and needed activities skills of science. Science learning needed the learning media that must be researched and developed. This study described the development of the Light Test Board (LTB) learning media, described the application of media in learning, and described the improvement of student learning outcomes. The Light Test Board (LTB) learning media designed with research and development. Development activities used 4D models, that was Define, Design, Development and Dissemination. The expert validated Light Test Board (LTB) learn

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21

Yilmaz, Tolga. "A mathematica code for evaluating lateral-torsional buckling of tapered cantilevers." E3S Web of Conferences 579 (2024): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202457901002.

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Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) is the primary failure mode where slender cantilevers experience nonuniform twisting and buckling about their weak axes. The studies focused on the elastic LTB load of cantilevers are limited, most of which are numerical since the LTB failure mode of cantilevers is much more complicated than those of simply supported beams. Furthermore, there are only a few studies of the LTB of tapered I-section cantilevers, which are aesthetic and structurally efficient. Structural designers tend to evaluate the LTB of tapered cantilevers using finite element simulations, but

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22

Sun, Jun, Qianqian Shi, Xi Chen, and Rong Liu. "Decoding the similarities and specific differences between latent and active tuberculosis infections based on consistently differential expression networks." Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, no. 6 (2019): 2084–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz127.

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Abstract Although intensive efforts have been devoted to investigating latent tuberculosis (LTB) and active tuberculosis (PTB) infections, the similarities and differences in the host responses to these two closely associated stages remain elusive, probably due to the difficulty in identifying informative genes related to LTB using traditional methods. Herein, we developed a framework known as the consistently differential expression network to identify tuberculosis (TB)-related gene pairs by combining microarray profiles and protein–protein interactions. We thus obtained 774 and 693 pairs cor

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23

Yılmaz, Tolga, Mustafa Sertçelik, and Hasan Selim Şengel. "On the evaluation of lateral-torsional buckling of web-tapered cantilevers with doubly symmetric I-section." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 9, no. 4 (2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2023.04.004.

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Recently, structural engineers have tended to design stronger and lighter structures due to economic reasons, technical developments in computer-aided design, and improvements in manufacturing. The demand for designing stronger and lighter structures has led to the compulsory considering structural efficiency and stability loss at the design level. Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) is a major stability loss for web-tapered cantilevers with doubly symmetric I-section, which are aesthetic and structurally efficient. The elastic LTB loads of these cantilevers should be calculated at the design lev

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Ma, Wenbin, Hongyun Luo, and Xiaoguang Yang. "The Effects of Grain Size and Twins Density on High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Nickel-Based Superalloy GH738." Materials 13, no. 18 (2020): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184166.

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In the present study, surface treatment techniques such as room temperature machining (RTM) and low temperature burnishing (LTB) processing have been used to improve the microstructure of GH738 superalloy. Nano-grains and nano-twins are obtained on the top surface of RTM and LTB specimens. It is found that although the grain size of RTM and LTB specimens is almost the same, different types of nano-twins have been produced. Moreover, the effect of RTM and LTB processing on high temperature oxidation behavior of nickel-based superalloy GH738 at 700 °C is investigated. The result shows that LTB s

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Peng, Xiaoyan, Rongguang Zhang, Chen Wang, et al. "E. coli Enterotoxin LtB Enhances Vaccine-Induced Anti-H. pylori Protection by Promoting Leukocyte Migration into Gastric Mucus via Inflammatory Lesions." Cells 8, no. 9 (2019): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8090982.

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Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L. lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory

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26

Zhu, Cuiming, Shiping Wang, Shihai Hu, et al. "Protective efficacy of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1C DNA vaccine fused with the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58, no. 6 (2012): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w2012-051.

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In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory responses of a DNA vaccine constructed by fusing Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 protein carboxy terminal region (P1C) with the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB). BALB/c mice were immunized by intranasal inoculation with control DNAs, the P1C DNA vaccine or the LTB–P1C fusion DNA vaccine. Levels of the anti-M. pneumoniae antibodies and levels of interferon-γ and IL-4 in mice were increased significantly upon inoculation of the LTB–P1C fusion DNA vaccine when compared with the inoculation with P1C DNA vaccine. The LTB–P1C fusi

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Yılmaz, Tolga. "LTBWTB: A Mathematica Software to Evaluate the Lateral-Torsional Buckling Load of Web-Tapered Mono-Symmetric I-Section Beams." Applied Sciences 15, no. 13 (2025): 7572. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137572.

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Web-tapered beams with I-sections, which are aesthetic and structurally efficient, have been widely used in steel structures. Web-tapered I-section beams bent about the strong axis may undergo out-of-plane buckling through lateral deflection and twisting. This primary stability failure mode in slender beams is known as lateral-torsional buckling (LTB). Unlike prismatic I-beams, the complex mode shape of web-tapered I-section beams makes it challenging or even impossible to derive a closed-form expression for the LTB load under certain transverse loading conditions. Therefore, the LTB assessmen

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Ben Ami, Eytan, Sophia C. Kamran, Suzanne George, et al. "Whole exome analysis of patients (pts) with metastatic GIST (mGIST) demonstrating exceptional survival with imatinib (IM) therapy compared to those with short term benefit." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 11513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.11513.

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11513 Background: Most patients with mGIST initially benefit from IM therapy with durable disease control (DC), i.e. objective responses and stable disease, with median duration of approximately two years. We reported exceptional long-term benefit (LTB) with DC and overall survival (OS) >14 years in a subset of mGIST pts treated with IM. We aimed to characterize tumor and normal genomes of exceptional LTB pts treated with IM and compare with short-term benefit (STB) pts. Methods: Among 87 mGIST pts enrolled between July 2000 and June 2001 in the B2222 trial of IM and followed prospectively

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Momoi, Fumiki, Tomomi Hashizume, Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai, Yoshikazu Yuki, Hiroshi Kiyono, and Masafumi Yamamoto. "Nasal Vaccination with the 40-Kilodalton Outer Membrane Protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis and a Nontoxic Chimeric Enterotoxin Adjuvant Induces Long-Term Protective Immunity with Reduced Levels of Immunoglobulin E Antibodies." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 6 (2008): 2777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01502-07.

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ABSTRACT In this study, we demonstrated that the 40-kDa outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis (40-kDa OMP) nasally administered with a nontoxic chimeric adjuvant that combines the A subunit of mutant cholera toxin E112K with the pentameric B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (mCTA/LTB) elicited a long-term protective immune response. Immunization with the 40-kDa OMP and mCTA/LTB induced high levels of 40-kDa-OMP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies (Abs) in sera and elicited a significant IgA anti-40-kDa OMP Ab response in saliv

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Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj, Nathella Pavan Kumar, Kadar Moideen, Pradeep A. Menon, and Subash Babu. "High Dimensionality Reduction and Immune Phenotyping of Natural Killer and Invariant Natural Killer Cells in Latent Tuberculosis-Diabetes Comorbidity." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2422790.

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Natural killer (NK) and invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are unique innate lymphocytes that coordinate diverse immune responses and display antimycobacterial potential. However, the role of NK and iNKT cells expressing cytokines, cytotoxic, and immune markers in latent tuberculosis (LTB), diabetes mellitus (DM), or preDM (PDM) and nonDM (NDM) comorbidities is not known. Thus, we have studied the unstimulated (UNS), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb [PPD, WCL]), and mitogen (P/I)-stimulated NK and iNKT cells expressing Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), Type 17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22) cytokines, cytoto

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Harro, Clayton, David Sack, A. Louis Bourgeois, et al. "A Combination Vaccine Consisting of Three Live Attenuated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains Expressing a Range of Colonization Factors and Heat-Labile Toxin Subunit B Is Well Tolerated and Immunogenic in a Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Phase I Trial in Healthy Adults." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 12 (2011): 2118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05342-11.

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ABSTRACTImmune responses against colonization factors (CFs) and the nontoxic B component of the enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) heat-labile toxin (LTB) are considered to be important for immunity against diarrhea caused by ETEC. Individual live attenuated ETEC derivatives that have had their toxin genes removed and whosearoC,ompC, andompFgenes are deleted have shown promise as vaccines against ETEC. The development of such strains has culminated in the testing of a three-strain-combination live attenuated vaccine known as ACE527, comprised of strains ACAM2025 expressing colonization fact

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Flores-Gonzalez, Julio, Lucero A. Ramón-Luing, Jesus Romero-Tendilla, Alexia Urbán-Solano, Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas та Leslie Chavez-Galan. "Latent Tuberculosis Patients Have an Increased Frequency of IFN-γ-Producing CD5+ B Cells, Which Respond Efficiently to Mycobacterial Proteins". Pathogens 12, № 6 (2023): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060818.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem worldwide and is one of the deadliest infectious diseases, only after the current COVID-19 pandemic. Despite significant advances in the TB field, there needs to be more immune response comprehension; for instance, the role played by humoral immunity is still controversial. This study aimed to identify the frequency and function of B1 and immature/transitional B cells in patients with active and latent TB (ATB and LTB, respectively). Here we show that LTB patients have an increased frequency of CD5+ B cells and decreased CD10+ B cells. Furtherm

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Amano, Taiju, Alon Amir, Sonal Goswami та Denis Paré. "Morphology, PKCδ expression, and synaptic responsiveness of different types of rat central lateral amygdala neurons". Journal of Neurophysiology 108, № 12 (2012): 3196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00514.2012.

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Recent findings implicate the central lateral amygdala (CeL) in conditioned fear. Indeed, CeL contains neurons exhibiting positive (CeL-On) or negative (CeL-Off) responses to fear-inducing conditioned stimuli (CSs). In mice, these cells differ in their expression of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) and physiological properties. CeL-Off cells are PKCδ+ and late firing (LF), whereas CeL-On cells are PKCδ− and express a regular-spiking (RS) or low-threshold bursting (LTB) phenotype. However, the scarcity of LF cells in rats raises questions about the correspondence between the organization of CeL in mice

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Yoo, Chul-Moon, Ken-ichi Nakao, and Misao Sasaki. "CMB observations in LTB universes. Part II: the kSZ effect in an LTB universe." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2010, no. 10 (2010): 011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2010/10/011.

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Hwang, S. F., and D. A. Gaudet. "Effects of low-temperature stress on development of winter crown rot in first-year alfalfa." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 4 (1998): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-147.

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The effects of sub-lethal low temperatures on predisposing first-year alfalfa plants to infection by the low temperature basidiomycete (LTB), and the effects of sub-lethal winter crown rot levels on alfalfa cold hardiness were evaluated in controlled environment and field studies. Alfalfa, subjected to the sublethal stress temperature of –7.5 °C for 1 to 5 wk and inoculated with LTB, exhibited higher mortality, lower shoot dry weights, and higher winter crown rot levels than alfalfa similarly inoculated but non-stressed. Inoculation and incubation of alfalfa with the LTB fungus for 4 wk decrea

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da Silva Ramos Rocha, Andréa, Fabricio Rochedo Conceição, André Alex Grassmann, Valeska Lizzi Lagranha, and Odir Antônio Dellagostin. "B subunit ofEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin as adjuvant of humoral immune response in recombinant BCG vaccination." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 8 (2008): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-056.

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The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB), a nontoxic molecule with potent biological properties, is a powerful mucosal and parenteral adjuvant that induces a strong immune response against co-administered or coupled antigens. In this paper, the effect of LTB on the humoral immune response to recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccination was evaluated. Isogenic mice were immunized with rBCG expressing the R1 repeat region of the P97 adhesin of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae alone (rBCG/R1) or fused to LTB (rBCG/LTBR1). Anti-R1 systemic antibody levels (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgM, and I

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Inglis, G. D., A. P. Popp, L. B. Selinger, L. M. Kawchuk, D. A. Gaudet, and T. A. McAllister. "Production of cellulases and xylanases by low-temperature basidiomycetes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 9 (2000): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-057.

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Three of four isolates, representing phylogenetically distinct groupings of low-temperature basidiomycetes (LTB), were capable of utilizing wheat straw, and to a lesser extent conifer wood at 15°C. A cottony snow mould LTB (LRS 013) and a fruit rot LTB (LRS 241) grown on straw significantly degraded filter paper, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), p-nitrophenyl β-glucopyranoside (i.e., β-glucosidases), and xylan. Enzymes produced by Coprinus psychromorbidus (LRS 067) were limited to xylanases from straw and wood and β-glucosidases from wood. A sclerotia-forming LTB (LRS 131) exhibited poor growth o

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Zhang, Mengjie, Xiaoyu Chen, Mingyang Xue, et al. "Oral Vaccination of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) against Largemouth Bass Ranavirus (LMBV) Using Yeast Surface Display Technology." Animals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071183.

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Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) infects largemouth bass, leading to significant mortality and economic losses. There are no safe and effective drugs against this disease. Oral vaccines that directly target the intestinal mucosal immune system play an important role in resisting pathogens. Herein, the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB, a mucosal immune adjuvant) and the LMBV main capsid protein (MCP) were expressed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae surface display technology. The yeast-prepared oral vaccines were named EBY100-OMCP and EBY100-LTB-OMCP. The candidate vaccin

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Solis-Andrade, Karla I., Omar Gonzalez-Ortega, Dania O. Govea-Alonso, Mauricio Comas-Garcia, and Sergio Rosales-Mendoza. "Production and Purification of LTB-RBD: A Potential Antigen for Mucosal Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2." Vaccines 10, no. 10 (2022): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101759.

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Most of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are based on parenteral immunization targeting the S protein. Although protective, such vaccines could be optimized by inducing effective immune responses (neutralizing IgA responses) at the mucosal surfaces, allowing them to block the virus at the earliest stage of the infectious cycle. Herein a recombinant chimeric antigen called LTB-RBD is described, which comprises the B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli and a segment of the RBD from SARS-CoV-2 (aa 439-504, carrying B and T cell epitopes) from the Wuhan sequence and the variant of c

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Alonso-Cerda, María José, Mariano J. García-Soto, Arleth Miranda-López, et al. "Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) as Delivery Vehicles of a Chimeric Protein Carrying Epitopes from the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 7 (2024): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070841.

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The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) causes reproductive failure and respiratory symptoms, leading to huge economic losses for the pig farming industry. Although several vaccines against PRRSV are available in the market; they show an overall low efficacy, and several countries have the need for vaccines covering the local, circulating variants. This project aims at developing a new chimeric antigen targeting specific epitopes from PRRSV and evaluating two test adjuvants to formulate a vaccine candidate. The test antigen was called LTB–PRRSV, which was produced recom

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Ricci, Susanna, Donata Medaglini, Catherine M. Rush, et al. "Immunogenicity of the B Monomer ofEscherichia coli Heat-Labile Toxin Expressed on the Surface of Streptococcus gordonii." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 2 (2000): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.760-766.2000.

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ABSTRACT The B monomer of the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LTB) was expressed on the surface of the human oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii. Recombinant bacteria expressing LTB were used to immunize BALB/c mice subcutaneously and intragastrically. The LTB monomer expressed on the streptococcal surface proved to be highly immunogenic, as LTB-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum titers of 140,000 were induced after systemic immunization. Most significantly, these antibodies were capable of neutralizing the enterotoxin in a cell neutralization assay. Following mucosal delive

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Ogresta, D., A. Bišćanin, V. Tomašić, et al. "P369 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease under biologics: experience of Croatian Tertiary Centre." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (2020): S348—S349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.498.

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Abstract Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (TB) causes a huge number of deaths in the world. A majority (95%) of infections remain asymptomatic, defined as latent tuberculosis (LTB). The estimated incidence rate of TB in Croatia is 10.6 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) usually require immunosuppressive therapies which puts them at higher risk for infection. LTB diagnosis and prophylactic treatment are recommended for all patients starting biologics. Methods A single-centre retrospective study in the continental part of Croatia include

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Anuradha, Rajamanickam, Saravanan Munisankar, Yukthi Bhootra, et al. "Coexistent Malnutrition Is Associated with Perturbations in Systemic and Antigen-Specific Cytokine Responses in Latent Tuberculosis Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23, no. 4 (2016): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00009-16.

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ABSTRACTMalnutrition, as defined by low body mass index (BMI), is a major risk factor for the development of active tuberculosis (TB), although the biological basis underlying this susceptibility remains poorly characterized. To verify whether malnutrition affects the systemic and antigen-specific cytokine levels in individuals with latent TB (LTB), we examined circulating and TB antigen-stimulated levels of cytokines in individuals with LTB and low BMI (LBMI) and compared them with those in individuals with LTB and normal BMI (NBMI). Coexistent LBMI with LTB was characterized by diminished ci

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de Jersey, James, Peter H. Bird, Naresh K. Verma, and Mark P. Bradley. "Antigen-specific systemic and reproductive tract antibodies in foxes immunized with Salmonella typhimuriumexpressing bacterial and sperm proteins." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 11, no. 5 (1999): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd99072.

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Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strains are potential ‘safe’ delivery vectors of an oral immunocontraceptive vaccine for the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes). In the present study, model bacterial (Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit, LTB) and fox sperm (fSP10) antigens were expressed in S. typhimurium SL3261 (DaroA) under the control of the trc promoter. Adult female foxes were given three oral immunizations with SL3261 containing either LTB (SL3261/pLTB), fSP10 (SL3261/pFSP10) or a control plasmid (pKK233-2 or pTrc99A). All foxes raised serum (IgG) and vaginal (IgG and IgA)

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Kabir, Imran, and Anjan K. Bhowmick. "Lateral torsional buckling of welded wide flange beams under constant moment." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 9 (2018): 766–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0499.

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The structural steel design specification in Canada, CSA S16-14, uses the same equations for the design of rolled and welded shape beams for lateral torsional buckling (LTB). A recent study has shown that the current design equations might overestimate the capacity of welded wide flange (WWF) beams. This paper evaluates the performance of the current design equations in providing LTB capacities of welded I-shape beams (WWF beams). An extensive finite element (FE) analysis is performed for simply supported WWF beams subjected to constant moment. In total, 256 FE models are analyzed and it is ob

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Lien, Ming-Yu, Chih-Chun Wang, Tzer-Zen Hwang, et al. "Programmed Death Ligand-1 and Tumor Burden Score Dictate Treatment Responses in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Cancers 16, no. 9 (2024): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16091748.

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Background: The significance of tumor burden for survival is unknown for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and tumor burden score (TBS) in patients with R/M HNSCC. Patients and Methods: R/M HNSCC patients who were treated with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil plus cetuximab (EPF) or pembrolizumab (PPF) as first-line treatment were included in our study. PD-L1 and TBS were estimated and correlated with treatment responses. Kaplan–Meier curves were p

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Mohebkhah, Amin, and Behrouz Chegeni. "Flexural Capacity of Locally Buckled Steel I-Beams Under Moment Gradient." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 7, no. 1 (2013): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801307010244.

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Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) and flange local buckling (FLB) are treated as two independent phenomena in AISC-LRFD 360-10 in which the flexural capacity of locally buckled beams is determined as the minimum value obtained for the limit states of LTB and FLB. A 3-D nonlinear finite-element model using ABAQUS is developed in this research to investigate the interactive flexural capacity of steel I-beams with compact web under moment gradient. It was found that the AISC approach is adequate for beams with compact or noncompact sections, however, too conservative for beams with slender flanges

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Phan, Trang Thi Phuong, Anh Le Tuan Nguyen, and Hoang Duc Nguyen. "Cloning and expression of LTB in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (2013): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1392.

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LTB is the B subunit of heat labile toxins (LT) in Escherichia coli ETEC. This subunit is non-toxic but has a high immune response. Therefore, LTB is considered a suitable antigen for partial vaccine against the diarrhea caused by E. coli ETEC. The most important component of partial vaccine is antigen protein. Nowadays, with the advancement of recombinant protein technology, these antigens are mainly produced by the common bacterial expression system as E. coli. However, the recombinant proteins produced by E. coli are often miscellaneous with enterotoxins, which should be removed from pharma

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Wawrocki, Sebastian, Grzegorz Kielnierowski, Wieslawa Rudnicka, Michal Seweryn, and Magdalena Druszczynska. "Interleukin-18, Functional IL-18 Receptor and IL-18 Binding Protein Expression in Active and Latent Tuberculosis." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060451.

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A thorough understanding of the processes modulating the innate and acquired immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in the context of gene expression is still a scientific and diagnostic problem. The study was aimed to assess IL-18, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), IL-18R, IFN-γ, and IL-37 mRNA expression in patients with active tuberculosis (ATB) and healthy volunteers with latent M.tb-infection (LTB) or M.tb-uninfected healthy controls (Control). The relative mRNA expression was assessed in the buffy coat blood fraction using the qPCR method. In total, 97 BCG-vaccinat

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Hussain, Saddam, Chiara Bedon, Gaurav Kumar, and Zaheer Ahmed. "Bayesian Regularization Backpropagation Neural Network for Glass Beams in Lateral–Torsional Buckling." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (August 19, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6619208.

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The lateral–torsional buckling (LTB) performance assessment of laminated glass (LG) beams is a remarkably critical issue because—among others—it can involve major consequences in terms of structural safety. Knowledge of LTB load-bearing capacity (in terms of critical buckling load Fcr and corresponding lateral displacement dLT), in this regard, is, thus, a primary step for more elaborated design considerations. The present study examines how machine learning (ML) techniques can be used to predict the response of laterally unrestrained LG beams in LTB. The potential and accuracy of artificial n

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