Relevant bibliographies by topics / LTE architecture

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'LTE architecture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "LTE architecture"

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Agarwal, Abhishek. "Protocol Architecture of LTE Release 12." SIJ Transactions on Computer Networks & Communication Engineering 06, no. 01 (February 16, 2018): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijcnce/v6i1/03010010202.

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Jeong, Chan-Bok, and Hyeon-Deok Bae. "LTE-Based Macro Base Station Platform Architecture." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 39C, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39c.9.861.

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Traboulsi, Shadi, Valerio Frascolla, Nils Pohl, Josef Hausner, and Attila Bilgic. "Energy-Efficient Hardware Architectures for the Packet Data Convergence Protocol in LTE-Advanced Mobile Terminals." VLSI Design 2013 (January 15, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/369627.

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In this paper, we present and compare efficient low-power hardware architectures for accelerating the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in LTE and LTE-Advanced mobile terminals. Specifically, our work proposes the design of two cores: a crypto engine for the Evolved Packet System Encryption Algorithm (128-EEA2) that is based on the AES cipher and a coprocessor for the Least Significant Bit (LSB) encoding mechanism of the Robust Header Compression (ROHC) algorithm. With respect to the former, first we propose a reference architecture, which reflects a basic implementation of the algorithm, then we identify area and power bottle-necks in the design and finally we introduce and compare several architectures targeting the most power-consuming operations. With respect to the LSB coprocessor, we propose a novel implementation based on a one-hot encoding, thereby reducing hardware’s logic switching rate. Architectural hardware analysis is performed using Faraday’s 90 nm standard-cell library. The obtained results, when compared against the reference architecture, show that these novel architectures achieve significant improvements, namely, 25% in area and 35% in power consumption for the 128-EEA2 crypto-core, and even more important reductions are seen for the LSB coprocessor, that is, 36% in area and 50% in power consumption.
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Li, Xiao Wen, Xiang Song Meng, and Li Zeng. "Research on TD-LTE Downlink Packet Scheduling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1067.

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In order to solve the limitations of classical packet scheduling architecture in TD-LTE, the TD-LTE downlink packet scheduling was studied and a architecture of downlink packet scheduling for TD-LTE is designed. The packet scheduling architecture was built and three classic scheduling algorithms were simulated in this architecture by Matlab. The simulation results show that the packet scheduling architecture can be applied to scheduling algorithms with different purposes and verify the performances of throughput and fairness of these three scheduling algorithms.
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Karimzadeh, Morteza, Hans van den Berg, Ricardo de O. Schmidt, and Aiko Pras. "Quantitative Comparison of the Efficiency and Scalability of the Current and Future LTE Network Architectures." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3938545.

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The core architecture of current mobile networks does not scale well to cope with future traffic demands owing to its highly centralized composition. Typically, it is believed that decentralization of the network architecture would be a sustainable approach to deal with ever growing amount of mobile data traffic. Nevertheless, the decentralization strategy of network architecture has not been properly examined through quantitative performance studies. Given that LTE will be the leading mobile networking technology in the coming 5–10 years, we conduct a hybrid study model to compare performance of current and future (decentralized) LTE network architectures. Particularly, our analysis presents numerical results quantifying impact of the number of attached nodes on the load at network routers and links, on the latency, and on the processing cost of the user’s data and control planes. Analytical results demonstrate that decentralization of the LTE network architecture achieves higher performance compared to the current architecture and improves the latency and cost of data packet delivery more than 10 and 6 times, respectively. Furthermore, it is also observed that GTP outperforms PMIP for all studied performance metrics in the decentralized architecture and provides about twofold better latency and cost for data packet delivery and roughly 6 times lower data traffic load on the network routers.
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Caporal Del Barrio, Samantha, Alexandru Tatomirescu, Gert F. Pedersen, and Art Morris. "Novel Architecture for LTE World-Phones." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 1676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2014.2301014.

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Yang, Samuel C., and Peter Winter. "LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.11ac." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 32, no. 4 (August 3, 2015): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-04-2013-0016.

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Purpose – Mobile data traffic globally is increasing rapidly in both enterprise and consumer segments. The purpose of this paper is to identify a new network architecture and opportunity that support ubiquitous mobile work for higher-education institutions. Design/methodology/approach – It reviews existing literature and enabling technologies and proposes integrating both wide-area Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) and local-area IEEE 802.11ac networks for seamless, gigabit-speed services. A decision framework for moving toward such architecture and a cost/benefit analysis are also presented. Findings – Integrating both LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.11ac networks for seamless connectivity is technically and organizationally feasible, provided that a higher-education institution has faculty and staff that require locational and interactional mobility. The cost/benefit analysis also shows that moving to the new architecture has potential benefits that can accrue to the higher-education institution. Research limitations/implications – With the coming availability of these wide-area and local-area gigabit networks, a new architecture that can ubiquitously supports mobile workers may be advantageous to universities and colleges. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first that proposes such integrated architecture in the context of higher-education institutions. In addition to the examination of technological issues and proposed architecture, the decision framework, and cost/benefit analysis should be valuable for institutions contemplating the move toward the new architecture and for guiding further research in this area.
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Wang, Jin, Zhongqi Zhang, Yongjun Ren, Bin Li, and Jeong-Uk Kim. "Issues toward Networks Architecture Security for LTE and LTE-A Networks." International Journal of Security and Its Applications 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2014): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2014.8.4.02.

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Gómez, Gerardo, Javier Lorca, Raquel García, and Quiliano Pérez. "Towards a QoE-Driven Resource Control in LTE and LTE-A Networks." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/505910.

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We propose a novel architecture for providing quality of experience (QoE) awareness to mobile operator networks. In particular, we describe a possible architecture for QoE-driven resource control for long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced networks, including a selection of KPIs to be monitored in different network elements. We also provide a description and numerical results of the QoE evaluation process for different data services as well as potential use cases that would benefit from the rollout of the proposed framework.
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Fortes, Sergio, Alejandro Aguilar-García, Raquel Barco, Felix Barba, Jose Fernández-luque, and Alfonso Fernández-Durán. "Management architecture for location-aware self-organizing LTE/LTE-a small cell networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 53, no. 1 (January 2015): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2015.7010548.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LTE architecture"

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Jiang, Axelsson Bohui. "A LTE UPCUL architecture design combining Multi-Blackboards and Pipes & Filters architectures." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10470.

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Context. The single blackboard architecture is widely used in the LTE application area. Despite its several benefits, this architecture limits synchronization possibilities of the developed systems and increases the signal operational latency. As a result the DSP (Digital Signal Processing) utilization is suboptimal. Objectives. In this thesis, we design a new architecture, which combines concepts of Multi-Blackboards and Pipes & Filters architectures, as a replacement for the current single blackboard architecture at Ericsson. The implementation of the new architecture makes the environment asynchronous. We evaluate the new architecture at simulated environment of Ericsson with 222225 connection items from 9000 base stations all over the world. Each connection item has a complete UE session and one of possible connection statuses, e.g. active, inactive, connected, DRX sleeping, postponed. These connection items can be from any country in the world. Methods. We design a new architecture for UPCUL component of LTE network based on analysis of real network data from Ericsson. We perform a case study to develop and evaluate the new architecture at Ericsson. Results. We evaluate the new architecture by performing a case study at Ericsson. The results of case study show that the new architecture not only increases DSP utilization by 35%, but also decreases signal operational latency by 53%, FO operation time by 20% and FO operation cycles by 20%. Also, the new architecture increases correctness performance. Conclusions.  We conclude that the new architecture increases DSP utilization and decreases the signal operational latency, therefore, improves performances of UPCUL component of LTE.  Due to time constraints, we only considered four LTE FOs (Function Objects) and relative signals. Future work should focus mainly on the other FOs and signals. We also analyze unconsidered FOs, and make an integration solution table which contains solutions to integrate these unconsidered FOs into the new architecture.  The second avenue for future work is to re-size the size of the two blackboard storages. We find out that the maximum memory size of needed UE sessions per sub-frame is only 1.305% of the memory size of all UE sessions (31650 bytes). So the memory size of blackboard storage should be adjusted on the basis of needed UE sessions instead of all UE sessions.
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Kogiantis, Achilles, Kiran Rege, and Anthony A. Triolo. "LTE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR COVERAGE AND DOPPLER REDUCTION IN RANGE TELEMETRY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626975.

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A novel approach employing 4G LTE Cellular Technology for Test Range Telemetry is presented. Providing aeronautical mobile telemetry using commercial off the shelf (COTS) cellular equipment poses many challenges, including: Three-dimensional (3D) coverage, need for uninterrupted high data throughputs, and very high Doppler speeds of the Test Articles (TA). Each of these requirements is difficult to meet with a standard cellular approach. We present a novel architecture that provides 3D coverage over the span of a test range, allowing the TA to establish a radio link with base stations that have a manageable Doppler due to the reduced projected TA speed on the radio link line. Preliminary results illustrate that a variety of flight plans can be accommodated with commercial LTE technology by employing LTE’s mobility mechanisms and adding centralized control. The resulting network architecture and Radio Access Network topology allow very high throughputs to be delivered throughout the test range with a judicious placement of base stations.
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Di, Santi Silvio. "5G Network Architecture." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20432/.

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In this work the 5G core network architecture has been explored: starting from the enabling technologies that are supporting the "revolution" and looking in depth at the current 4G LTE network architecture, we tried to find a solution to bridge the gap between these two totally different architecture. Once the solution has been found, we used a simulation platform provided by the ONF (Open Networking Foundation) that demonstrates the feasibility of such approach.
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Nasim, Kamraan. "AETOS: An Architecture for Offloading Core LTE Traffic Using Software Defined Networking Concepts." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35085.

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It goes without saying that cellular users of today have an insatiable appetite for bandwidth and data. Data-intensive applications, such as video on demand, online gaming and video conferencing, have gained prominence. This, coupled with recent innovations in the mobile network such as LTE/4G, poses a unique challenge to network operators in how to extract the most value from their deployments all the while reducing their Total Cost of Operations(TCO). To this end, a number of enhancements have been proposed to the ”conventional” LTE mobile network. Most of these recognize the monolithic and non-elastic nature of the mobile backend and propose complimenting core functionality with concepts borrowed from Software Defined Networking (SDN). In this thesis we shall attempt to explore some existing options within the LTE standard to mitigate large traffic churns. We will then review some SDN-enabled alternatives, and attempt to derive a proof based critique on their merits and drawbacks.
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Saha, Sumanta. "OBSAI Interoperability in Multi-Vendor WiMAX Base Station Architecture Environment." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91500.

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Wireless networks have become a necessity with the increased mobility in human life. From cellular telephony to the Internet, all types of communication are now provided over wireless networks. However, to offer wireless network coverage over an area requires a potentially expensive infrastructure deployment. Such deployment requires base stations which until now have been completely proprietary to the equipment vendors. Moreover, proprietary equipment is almost always costly and offer less flexibility than standardized modular solutions. This situation results in a high cost for network upgradation and hinders network development. A remedy is available via modularization, hence the Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) is trying to modularize and standardize one of the most expensive elements of the wireless infrastructure, the base station. OBSAI standards aim to modularize the base station architecture and enable true interoperability among the various modules. However, the goal has not yet been achieved due to some features of the standard. This thesis project has studied the standards and pointed out some areas that must be concentrated upon when performing interoperability tests. It also proposes several standards amendments to foster greater interoperability among the modules of a base station. This study focuses on the RP3 interface of the OBSAI specification with the goal of making truly inter-operable baseband and RF modules, thus commoditizing the modules. The result is expected to be lower cost, greater interoperability, faster time-to-market, and more cooperative research.
Langattomat laajakaistaverkot ovat tulleet välttämättömäksi osaksi liikkuvien ihmisten elämää. Lähes kaikki kommunikaatiotarpeet äänipuheluista internettiin pystytään toteuttamaan langattomien verkkojen avulla. Kuitenkin jotta langattomilla verkoilla pystytään tarjoamaan täysi peittävyys yli maan, se vaatii varsin kalliita investointeja verkkoinfrastruktuuriin. Langattomien verkkojen investoinnit koostuvat suurelta osin tukiasemista, jotka tähän asti ovat olleet kullakin verkkotoimittajalla täysin omanlaisensa toteutus. Kun jokainen verkkotoimittaja toteuttaa kaikki tukiaseman osat erilailla, se tarkoittaa että kutakin tukiaseman osia valmistetaan suhteellisesti pienempiä määriä ja sitä myötä niistä tulee mahdollisesti kalliimpia verrattuna standardoituhin modulaarisiin tukiasemaratkaisuihin. Nykyinen tilanne siis osaltaan johtaa siihen että verkkojen rakentaminen ja päivittäminen on kallista. Eräs ratkaisu tähän ongelmaan on tarjolla modulaarisessa tukiasemaratkaisussa ja siksi OBSAI, Open Base Station Initiative, pyrkii modulaarisoimaan ja standardoimaan yhden kalliimmista verkkoinfrastruktuurin osista, tukiaseman. OBSAI standardi pyrkii modularisoimaan tukiasema-arkkitehtuurin ja mahdollistamaan todellisen yhteensopivuuden tukiaseman eri osien välillä. Tätä todellista yhteensopivuutta ei ole vielä täysin pystytty toteuttamaan, johtuen tietyistä standardin epätarkkuuksista. Tässä lopputyössä on analysoitu OBSAI standardia ja identifioitu alueet, joihin pitää keskittyä, kun modulien välistä yhteensopivuutta testataan. Työn lopputulemana myös ehdotetaan useita parannuksia ja muutoksia standardiin, jotta todellinen yhteensopivuus modulien välillä saavutetaan. Painopiste lopputyössä on OBSAI standardin RP3 rajapinta, joka määrittelee kantataajuusosan (BB) ja radiotaajuusosan (RF) välisen rajapinnan. Kun OBSAI standardia saadaan parannettua työssä ehdotetuin toimenpitein, lopputuloksena on oletettavasti alhaisempi tukiaseman kokonaiskustannus, mahdollisuus käyttää yhteensopivia moduleita eri valmistajilta, nopeampi tuotteiden markkinoille vienti sekä parantunut tutkimusyhteistyö eri yritysten välillä.
Trådlösa nät har blivit en nödvändighet i vår allt mer mobila livsstil. Från mobiltelefoni till Internet, trådlösa nät erbjuder många typer av kommunikation. Men att erbjuda trådlös täckning i ett område kan kräva installation av en mängd dyrbar telekomutrustning. En sådan utbyggnad kräver basstationer som fram till nu har varit patentskyddade av respektive leverantör. Och patentskyddad utrustning är oftast både dyrare och mindre flexibel jämfört med standardiserade modulära lösningar. Resultatet är höga kostnader för att uppgradera näten och att utvecklingen försvåras. Ett botemedel är användningen av standardiserade moduler. Därfär försöker Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) att standardisera moduler i ett av de dyraste nätelementen i trådlösa nät, basstationen. OBSAI har som mål att dela upp basstationen i definierade moduler och möjliggöra fullständig interaktion mellan olika moduler. Men på grund av vissa egenskaper hos standarden har detta inte lyckats. Denna studie har undersökt standarden och pekar på områden som man måste fokusera på när man utför tester mellan moduler. Dessutom föreslås flera tillägg till standarden för att möjliggöra bättre interaktion mellan basstationens moduler. Studien fokuserar på RP3- gränssnittet med målet att möjliggöra standardiserad interaktion mellan basbands- och radio-moduler, så att dessa moduler kan kommerisialiseras. Det förväntade resultatet är lägre kostnader, bättre interaktion mellan moduler, snabbare marknadsintroduktion och mer samarbete inom forskning och utveckling.
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Toukabri, Thouraya. "CVS : a framework architecture for D2D-based cellular vehicular services in 4G networks and beyond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0004.

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L'explosion du trafic dans les réseaux mobiles d'aujourd'hui est l'une des préoccupations majeures des opérateurs mobiles. En effet, entre investir dans le développement de l’infrastructure pour supporter l’évolution des besoins des utilisateurs et faire face à la concurrence accrue des nouveaux acteurs du marché, l’enjeu est considérable. Dans ce contexte, les communications Device-to-Device (D2D) offrent aux opérateurs mobiles de nouvelles opportunités aussi bien financières que techniques, à travers les communications directes entre les appareils mobiles permettant de délester le réseau d'une partie du trafic. L'organisme de standardisation 3GPP a défini des évolutions de son architecture LTE/4G fonctionnelle pour supporter les communications D2D dans le cadre de Services de Proximité (ProSe). Cependant, les modèles économiques autour de ces nouveaux services sont encore flous et les solutions actuellement proposées par le 3GPP visent un déploiement à court terme d’un ensemble limité de services (ex : les services de sécurité publique). La première contribution proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse est une évolution de l'architecture ProSe vers une architecture cible distribuée dans laquelle les fonctions liées à ProSe sont mutualisées avec d'autres fonctions réseaux. La deuxième contribution porte sur l’intégration des services véhiculaires dans les réseaux mobiles en tant que services ProSe particuliers reposant sur les communications D2D. L'architecture CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) est alors proposée comme solution pour un déploiement à grande échelle des services véhiculaires en s'appuyant sur une nouvelle évolution de l’architecture ProSe distribuée. Un algorithme de « clustering » ainsi que des procédures de communication en mode relais D2D sont utilisés dans la conception de la solution afin d’optimiser l'usage des ressources du réseau. Enfin, les performances de ces contributions sont évaluées à l'aide de modèles analytiques et de simulations afin de valider les approches et solutions proposées
The traffic explosion in today’s mobile networks is one of the major concerns of mobile operators. This explosion is mostly widening the gap between networks’ capacities and users’ growing needs in terms of bandwidth and QoS (Quality of Service), which directly impacts operators’ business profitability. In this context, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications offer mobile operators business and technical opportunities by allowing the network traffic offload with D2D direct communications between mobile devices. The recent standardization of D2D-based services as Proximity Services (ProSe) by the 3GPP provides already a set of enhancements to the current LTE/4G architecture to support these services. However, still in its infancy, the proposed solutions are envisioned for short-term market deployments and for a limited set of service categories (i.e public safety services). As a first contribution of this thesis, the proposed Distributed ProSe Architecture enhances the current ProSe architecture for a longer term deployment perspective of D2D-based services. On the basis of this enhanced architecture, vehicular communications and related services are further investigated as a specific implementation of ProSe as well as a new market opportunity for mobile operators. The CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) solution is then introduced as an architecture framework that enables the integration of vehicular networks into mobile operators’ network infrastructure. A mobile network clustering algorithm and D2D relay-based communication mechanisms are used in the solution design in order to optimize the use of both core and radio network resources. Performance evaluation through analytical modeling and simulations are also carried out to validate the proposed contributions
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Toukabri, Thouraya. "CVS : a framework architecture for D2D-based cellular vehicular services in 4G networks and beyond." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0004/document.

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L'explosion du trafic dans les réseaux mobiles d'aujourd'hui est l'une des préoccupations majeures des opérateurs mobiles. En effet, entre investir dans le développement de l’infrastructure pour supporter l’évolution des besoins des utilisateurs et faire face à la concurrence accrue des nouveaux acteurs du marché, l’enjeu est considérable. Dans ce contexte, les communications Device-to-Device (D2D) offrent aux opérateurs mobiles de nouvelles opportunités aussi bien financières que techniques, à travers les communications directes entre les appareils mobiles permettant de délester le réseau d'une partie du trafic. L'organisme de standardisation 3GPP a défini des évolutions de son architecture LTE/4G fonctionnelle pour supporter les communications D2D dans le cadre de Services de Proximité (ProSe). Cependant, les modèles économiques autour de ces nouveaux services sont encore flous et les solutions actuellement proposées par le 3GPP visent un déploiement à court terme d’un ensemble limité de services (ex : les services de sécurité publique). La première contribution proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse est une évolution de l'architecture ProSe vers une architecture cible distribuée dans laquelle les fonctions liées à ProSe sont mutualisées avec d'autres fonctions réseaux. La deuxième contribution porte sur l’intégration des services véhiculaires dans les réseaux mobiles en tant que services ProSe particuliers reposant sur les communications D2D. L'architecture CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) est alors proposée comme solution pour un déploiement à grande échelle des services véhiculaires en s'appuyant sur une nouvelle évolution de l’architecture ProSe distribuée. Un algorithme de « clustering » ainsi que des procédures de communication en mode relais D2D sont utilisés dans la conception de la solution afin d’optimiser l'usage des ressources du réseau. Enfin, les performances de ces contributions sont évaluées à l'aide de modèles analytiques et de simulations afin de valider les approches et solutions proposées
The traffic explosion in today’s mobile networks is one of the major concerns of mobile operators. This explosion is mostly widening the gap between networks’ capacities and users’ growing needs in terms of bandwidth and QoS (Quality of Service), which directly impacts operators’ business profitability. In this context, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications offer mobile operators business and technical opportunities by allowing the network traffic offload with D2D direct communications between mobile devices. The recent standardization of D2D-based services as Proximity Services (ProSe) by the 3GPP provides already a set of enhancements to the current LTE/4G architecture to support these services. However, still in its infancy, the proposed solutions are envisioned for short-term market deployments and for a limited set of service categories (i.e public safety services). As a first contribution of this thesis, the proposed Distributed ProSe Architecture enhances the current ProSe architecture for a longer term deployment perspective of D2D-based services. On the basis of this enhanced architecture, vehicular communications and related services are further investigated as a specific implementation of ProSe as well as a new market opportunity for mobile operators. The CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) solution is then introduced as an architecture framework that enables the integration of vehicular networks into mobile operators’ network infrastructure. A mobile network clustering algorithm and D2D relay-based communication mechanisms are used in the solution design in order to optimize the use of both core and radio network resources. Performance evaluation through analytical modeling and simulations are also carried out to validate the proposed contributions
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Boutayeb, Mohammed Saad. "Architecture et conception d’un amplificateur de puissance large-bande pour des applications 4G/5G." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT055.

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Avec l’arrivée de la 5G NR, les architectures des émetteurs-récepteurs des terminaux mobiles doivent intégrer plus de composants (filtres, amplificateurs de puissance…) afin d’adresser des bandes plus nombreuses et plus larges (notamment les bandes « sub-6 GHz ») en plus de traiter des signaux plus complexes. Ces nouvelles contraintes d’encombrement et de performances auxquelles doivent répondre les émetteurs-récepteurs ont un impact direct sur les spécifications techniques des amplificateurs de puissance (PA). D’une part il est nécessaire d’avoir des PA qui adressent des bandes plus larges afin de réduire le nombre de composants dans la chaîne d’émission ; d’autre part, ces PA doivent répondre aux critères de linéarité des nouveaux standards (LTE-A et 5G NR) tout en assurant une bonne efficacité énergétique de fonctionnement. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur l’investigation d’architectures avancées de PA alliant largeur de bande, linéarité et efficacité énergétique.Le contexte et les motivations de la thèse énoncés, le choix de la technologie RF SOI 130nm et les contraintes auxquels doit répondre le PA sont justifiés. Une étude de l’état de l’art des architectures avancées (à efficacité améliorée) de PA permet de retenir l’architecture Doherty comme solution intéressante. Une étude théorique de l’architecture Doherty est effectuée afin de modéliser son fonctionnement, d’identifier l’impact des paramètres de dimensionnement et des capacités parasites du transistor sur les performances de celle-ci avant d’explorer les perspectives qu’elle présente en termes de largeur de bande. Un premier circuit démonstrateur a été implémenté en RF SOI 130nm. Il s’agit d’un étage amplificateur Doherty couvrant la bande 3,2-3,6 GHz. Pour un signal LTE 10MHz 50RB à une puissance de sortie de 27dBm, un ACLR maximal de -30,5 dBc et une PAE minimale de 36% a été mesurée sur toute la bande. Un deuxième circuit Doherty intégrant un étage de pré-amplification (driver) a été implémenté dans la même technologie. Les mesures pour un signal LTE 10MHz 12RB à 28 dBm de puissance de sortie donnent un ACLR maximal de -35 dBc et une PAE minimale de 32% sur toute la bande 3,2-3,8 GHz ce qui permet de couvrir les bandes B42, B43 et B49
The arrival of the 5G NR put more constraints on the transceivers architectures. They must integrate more components (filters, power amplifiers, etc.) in order to address more numerous and wider bands (in particular the “sub-6 GHz” bands) in addition to processing more complex signals. These new space and performance constraints that transceivers must meet have a direct impact on the technical specifications of power amplifiers (PAs). On the one hand it is necessary to have PAs which address wider bands in order to reduce the number of components in the emission chain; on the other hand, these PAs must meet the criteria of linearity of the new standards (LTE-A and 5G NR) while ensuring good operating energy efficiency. The work of this thesis concerns the investigation of advanced PA architectures combining bandwidth, linearity and energy efficiency.The context and the motivations of the thesis stated, the choice of SOI 130nm RF technology and the constraints to which the PA must respond are justified. A study of the state of the art of improved efficiency PAs architectures makes it possible to select Doherty architecture as an interesting solution. A theoretical study of the Doherty architecture is carried out in order to model its operation, to identify the impact of the dimensioning parameters and the parasitic capacitances of the transistor on the performances before exploring the bandwidth perspectives it presents. A first demonstrator circuit was implemented in RF SOI 130nm. It is a Doherty amplifier stage covering the 3.2-3.6 GHz band. For an LTE 10MHz 50RB signal at an output power of 27dBm, a maximum ACLR of -30.5 dBc and a minimum PAE of 36% was measured across the band. A second Doherty circuit integrating a driver stage has been implemented in the same technology. Measurements for an LTE 10MHz 12RB signal at 28 dBm of output power give a maximum ACLR of -35 dBc and a minimum PAE of 32% over the whole band 3.2-3.8 GHz which allows to cover the B42, B43 and B49 bands
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Silva, Bruno Leonardo Mendes Tavares. "Implementa??o de processador banda base ofdma para downlink lte em fpga." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15355.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoLMTS_DISSERT.pdf: 3836374 bytes, checksum: 430e05d393bcb665a7880036b61844c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31
This work treats of an implementation OFDMA baseband processor in hardware for LTE Downlink. The LTE or Long Term Evolution consist the last stage of development of the technology called 3G (Mobile System Third Generation) which offers an increasing in data rate and more efficiency and flexibility in transmission with application of advanced antennas and multiple carriers techniques. This technology applies in your physical layer the OFDMA technical (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for generation of signals and mapping of physical resources in downlink and has as base theoretical to OFDM multiple carriers technique (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). With recent completion of LTE specifications, different hardware solutions have been developed, mainly, to the level symbol processing where the implementation of OFDMA processor in base band is commonly considered, because it is also considered a basic architecture of others important applications. For implementation of processor, the reconfigurable hardware offered by devices as FPGA are considered which shares not only to meet the high requirements of flexibility and adaptability of LTE as well as offers possibility of an implementation quick and efficient. The implementation of processor in reconfigurable hardware meets the specifications of LTE physical layer as well as have the flexibility necessary for to meet others standards and application which use OFDMA processor as basic architecture for your systems. The results obtained through of simulation and verification functional system approval the functionality and flexibility of processor implemented
Esta disserta??o trata da implementa??o de um processador banda base em hardware para Downlink LTE. O LTE ou Long Term Evolution compreende o ?ltimo est?gio de desenvolvimento das tecnologias chamadas de 3G (Telefonia M?vel de Terceira Gera??o) que prov? um incremento nas taxas de dados e maior efici?ncia e flexibilidade na transmiss?o com emprego de t?cnicas avan?adas de antenas e de t?cnicas de transmiss?o de m?ltiplas portadoras. Esta tecnologia aplica em sua camada f?sica a t?cnica OFDMA (Orthogonal F requency Division Multiple Access) para gera??o de sinais e mapeamento dos recursos f?sicos no downlink e tem como base te?rica ? t?cnica de m?ltiplas portadoras OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Com recente finaliza??o das especifica??es da tecnologia LTE, diversas solu??es em hardware tem sido propostas e desenvolvidas, principalmente, ao n?vel de processamento de s?mbolo em que a implementa??o do processador OFDMA em banda base ? comumente considerada, visto que ela ? tamb?m considerada como arquitetura b?sica de outras importantes aplica??es. Para implementa??o do processador, hardwares reconfigur?veis oferecidos por dispositivos como FPGA s?o considerados que visa n?o s? atender os altos requisitos de flexibilidade e adaptabilidade do LTE como tamb?m oferecem a possibilidade de uma implementa??o r?pida e eficiente. A implementa??o do processador em hardware reconfigur?vel atendeu as especifica??es da camada f?sica LTE bem como se mostrou flex?vel o suficiente para atender outros padr?es e aplica??es que utilizem o processador OFDMA como arquitetura b?sica de seus sistemas. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s de simula??o e verifica??o funcional do sistema atestam a funcionalidade e a flexibilidade do processador implementado
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Qasim, Muhammad, and Ali Chaudhry Majid. "Signal Processing on Ambric Processor Array : Baseband processing in radio base stations." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1660.

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The advanced signal processing systems of today require extreme data throughput and low power consumption. The only way to accomplish this is to use parallel processor architecture.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of parallel processor architecture in baseband signal processing. This has been done by implementing three demanding algorithms in LTE on Ambric Am2000 family Massively Parallel Processor Array (MPPA). The Ambric chip is evaluated in terms of computational performance, efficiency of the development tools, algorithm and I/O mapping.

Implementations of Matrix Multiplication, FFT and Block Interleaver were performed. The implementation of algorithms shows that high level of parallelism can be achieved in MPPA especially on complex algorithms like FFT and Matrix multiplication. Different mappings of the algorithms are compared to see which best fit the architecture.

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Books on the topic "LTE architecture"

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editor, Kozłowski Tomasz (Architect), and Mielnik Anna (Architect) editor, eds. Defining the architectural space: The truth and lie of architecture. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT - Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe, 2020.

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Heyer, Paul. American architecture: Ideas and ideologies in the late twentiethcentury. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.

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Late Baroque and Rococo architecture. Milan: Electa, 1985.

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Larson, Magali Sarfatti. Behind the postmodern facade: Architectural change in late twentieth-century America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

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1946-, Lyons John D., ed. Art, architecture, text: The late Renaissance. Baton Rouge, La: L'esprit cre ateur, 1985.

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DP architects. Mulgrave, Vic: Images Pub., 2012.

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Architectural diplomacy: Rome and Paris in the late Baroque. New York: Architectural History Foundation, 1993.

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Ilka, Ruby, ed. Minimal architecture. Munich: Prestel, 2003.

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Wortmann, Arthur, and David Keuning, eds. Mark Another Architecture: Let there be light. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Frame Publishers, 2012.

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Late-twentieth-century skyscrapers. New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "LTE architecture"

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Penttinen, Jyrki T. J. "LTE-Advanced Architecture." In The LTE-Advanced Deployment Handbook, 59–84. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118678879.ch03.

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Remy, Jean-Gabriel, and Charlotte Letamendia. "LTE Standards and Architecture." In LTE Standards, 1–112. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119043508.ch1.

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Penttinen, Jyrki T. J. "LTE and SAE Architecture." In The LTE/SAE Deployment Handbook, 63–77. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119954187.ch5.

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Palat, Sudeep, and Philippe Godin. "Network Architecture." In LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution, 23–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470978504.ch2.

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Costa-Requena, Jose, Raimo Kantola, Jesús Llorente Santos, Vicent Ferrer Guasch, Maël Kimmerlin, Antti Mikola, and Jukka Manner. "LTE Architecture Integration with SDN." In Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN), 81–105. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118900253.ch6.

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Elnashar, Ayman, and Mohamed A. El-saidny. "LTE Network Architecture and Protocols." In Design, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks, 1–45. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118703434.ch1.

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Länsisalmi, Atte, and Antti Toskala. "System Architecture Based on 3GPP SAE." In LTE for UMTS, 23–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119992943.ch3.

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Ali-Yahiya, Tara. "Network Architecture and Protocols." In Understanding LTE and its Performance, 17–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6457-1_2.

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Kangru, Per. "System Architecture Evolution." In LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless, 195–228. West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118799475.ch5.

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Dai, Fenglin, Qixun Zhang, Yuhang Sun, and Mengyuan Liu. "LTE-WLAN Integrated Virtualization Network Architecture." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 517–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72823-0_48.

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Conference papers on the topic "LTE architecture"

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Moshak, N. N. "LTE Network Architecture Features." In 2020 Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weconf48837.2020.9131160.

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Wang, Zhenchao, Chunyan Zhu, Wenling Xue, and Jianpo Yang. "Analysis of LTE Relay architecture evolution." In 5th International Conference on Advanced Computer Control. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icacc131071.

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Zhu, Li, Hang Qin, Huaqing Mao, and Zhiwen Hu. "Research on 3GPP LTE Security Architecture." In 2012 8th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2012.6478647.

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Paisal, Vaishali. "Seamless voice over LTE." In 2010 IEEE 4th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Services Architecture and Application (IMSAA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsaa.2010.5729423.

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Shi, Yi, Mingchao Li, Xin Xiong, Guanglin Han, Lei Wan, and Xiaodai Dong. "A flexible backhaul architecture for LTE-Advanced." In 2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccve.2014.7297520.

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Hong, Chou-Yu, Shih-Huang Yeh, and Shyh-Tirng Fang. "Tunable antenna matching architecture for LTE application." In 2014 International Symposium on Antennas & Propagation (ISAP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isanp.2014.7026521.

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Alfoudi, Ali Saeed Dayem, Gyu Myoung Lee, and Mohammed Dighriri. "Seamless LTE-WiFi Architecture for Offloading the Overloaded LTE with Efficient UE Authentication." In 2016 9th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dese.2016.53.

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Huang, Xiaolong, Fatih Ulupinar, Parag Agashe, Duncan Ho, and Gang Bao. "LTE Relay Architecture and Its Upper Layer Solutions." In GLOBECOM 2010 - 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2010.5683640.

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Xu, Yanli, Shengming Jiang, and Feng Liu. "A LTE-based communication architecture for coastal networks." In the 11th ACM International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001068.

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Al-Samman, Imad, Angela Doufexi, and Mark Beach. "A C-RAN Architecture for LTE Control Signalling." In 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504061.

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Reports on the topic "LTE architecture"

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Cui, Y., Q. Sun, M. Boucadair, T. Tsou, Y. Lee, and I. Farrer. Lightweight 4over6: An Extension to the Dual-Stack Lite Architecture. RFC Editor, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7596.

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Ryan, J. J., A. Zagorevski, N. R. Cleven, A J Parsons, and N. L. Joyce. Architecture of pericratonic Yukon-Tanana terrane in the northern Cordillera. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326062.

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West-central Yukon and eastern Alaska are characterized by widespread metamorphic rocks that form part of the allochthonous, composite Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin. Structural windows through the Yukon-Tanana terrane expose parautochthonous North American margin in that broad region, particularly as mid-Cretaceous extensional core complexes. Both the Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin share the same Late Devonian history, making their discrimination difficult; however, distinct post-Late Devonian magmatic and metamorphic histories assist in discriminating Yukon-Tanana terrane from parautochthonous North American margin rocks. The suture between Yukon-Tanana terrane and parautochthonous North American margin is obscured by many episodes of high-strain deformation. Their main bounding structure is probably a Jurassic to Cretaceous thrust, which has been locally reactivated as a mid-Cretaceous extensional shear zone. Crustal-scale structures within composite Yukon-Tanana terrane (e.g. the Yukon River shear zone) are commonly marked by discontinuous mafic-ultramafic complexes. Some of these complexes represent orogenic peridotites that were structurally exhumed into the Yukon-Tanana terrane in the Middle Permian.
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Reeve, Tammy. Pitfalls of Designing, Developing, and Maintaining Modular Avionics Systems in the Name of Sustainability. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2024010.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Sustainability is both an ethical responsibility and business concern for the aerospace industry. Military and commercial avionics developers have pushed toward a common standard for interfaces, computing platforms, and software in hopes of having “reusability” and reducing weight with backplane computing architectures which, in theory, would support commonality across aircraft systems. The integrated modular avionics (IMA) and military Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE) standards are two such examples. They emerged to support common computing architectures for reuse and sustainability concepts, from the beginning of aircraft development to the sundown or mortality phase.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Pitfalls of Designing, Developing, and Maintaining Modular Avionics Systems in the Name of Sustainability</b> looks at technological, organizational, and cultural challenges making reuse and IMA platform models difficult to fully realize their sustainability goals. Additionally, it considers the certification aspects of reuse and examines lessons learned from a successful reusable and sustainable platform.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Waisel, Yoav, Bobbie McMichael, and Amram Eshel. Decision Making within Plant Root Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613030.bard.

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Architecture of a root system is the expression of the potential of various root types to branch, to grow and to coordinate with other plant organs, under the specific limitations of the environmental conditions. The present investigation has proven the following points. 1) Genotypes with different types of root systems were identified. The growth patterns of their roots and the distribution of laterals along their main axes were recorded. 2) The patterns of development of the root systems of four cotton genotypes, throughout the entire life cycle of the plants, were described, even at such a late stage of development when the total length of the roots exceeded two kilometers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an analysis of this type is accomplished. 3) The development of root systems under restrictive soil conditions were compared with those that have developed under the non-restrictive conditions of aeroponics. Results indicate that in the absence of the mechanical impedance of the soil, cotton plants develop single roots that reach the length of 6 m, and have a total root length of 2000 m. Thus, root growth is strongly inhibited by the soil, with some root types being inhibited more than others. 4) One of the important decisions, in constructing an operational root system architecture of mature plants, is the shift of the balance between various root fractions in favor of the very fine roots. 5) Root system architecture is determined, in part, by the sites of initiation of the lateral roots. This is determined genetically by the number of xylem archs and by the totuosity of the stele. Selection for such traits should be sought.
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Gordon, David, and Remus Herteg. Canadian Suburbs Atlas. Queen's University with University of Toronto, Toronto Metropolitan University, and Council for Canadian Urbanism, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/32559.

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Canada is a nation where over two-thirds of he population lives in some form of suburb. It is important to monitor the locations of population growth within our nation as it has profound e!ects on our economic e!ectiveness, environmental sustainability, and our overall public health. This atlas updates the article “Suburban Nation? Estimating the size of Canada’s suburban population”, published in the Journal of Architecture and Planning Research (Gordon & Janzen 2013). The JAPR article was based upon 2006 census data, while this paper updates the research using the 2021 census data that was released late 2022. This atlas also replaces and updates the Council for Canadian Urbanism Working Paper #2, “Still Suburban: Growth in Canadian Suburbs, 2016-2016."
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Wozniakowska, P., D. W. Eaton, C. Deblonde, A. Mort, and O. H. Ardakani. Identification of regional structural corridors in the Montney play using trend surface analysis combined with geophysical imaging, British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328850.

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The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is a mature oil and gas basin with an extraordinary endowment of publicly accessible data. It contains structural elements of varying age, expressed as folding, faulting, and fracturing, which provide a record of tectonic activity during basin evolution. Knowledge of the structural architecture of the basin is crucial to understand its tectonic evolution; it also provides essential input for a range of geoscientific studies, including hydrogeology, geomechanics, and seismic risk analysis. This study focuses on an area defined by the subsurface extent of the Triassic Montney Formation, a region of the WCSB straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia, and covering an area of approximately 130,000 km2. In terms of regional structural elements, this area is roughly bisected by the east-west trending Dawson Creek Graben Complex (DCGC), which initially formed in the Late Carboniferous, and is bordered to the southwest by the Late Cretaceous - Paleocene Rocky Mountain thrust and fold belt (TFB). The structural geology of this region has been extensively studied, but structural elements compiled from previous studies exhibit inconsistencies arising from distinct subregions of investigation in previous studies, differences in the interpreted locations of faults, and inconsistent terminology. Moreover, in cases where faults are mapped based on unpublished proprietary data, many existing interpretations suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this study, publicly accessible data - formation tops derived from well logs, LITHOPROBE seismic profiles and regional potential-field grids, are used to delineate regional structural elements. Where seismic profiles cross key structural features, these features are generally expressed as multi-stranded or en echelon faults and structurally-linked folds, rather than discrete faults. Furthermore, even in areas of relatively tight well control, individual fault structures cannot be discerned in a robust manner, because the spatial sampling is insufficient to resolve fault strands. We have therefore adopted a structural-corridor approach, where structural corridors are defined as laterally continuous trends, identified using geological trend surface analysis supported by geophysical data, that contain co-genetic faults and folds. Such structural trends have been documented in laboratory models of basement-involved faults and some types of structural corridors have been described as flower structures. The distinction between discrete faults and structural corridors is particularly important for induced seismicity risk analysis, as the hazard posed by a single large structure differs from the hazard presented by a corridor of smaller pre-existing faults. We have implemented a workflow that uses trend surface analysis based on formation tops, with extensive quality control, combined with validation using available geophysical data. Seven formations are considered, from the Late Cretaceous Basal Fish Scale Zone (BFSZ) to the Wabamun Group. This approach helped to resolve the problem of limited spatial extent of available seismic data and provided a broader spatial coverage, enabling the investigation of structural trends throughout the entirety of the Montney play. In total, we identified 34 major structural corridors and number of smaller-scale structures, for which a GIS shapefile is included as a digital supplement to facilitate use of these features in other studies. Our study also outlines two buried regional foreland lobes of the Rocky Mountain TFB, both north and south of the DCGC.
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Weller, Joel I., Derek M. Bickhart, Micha Ron, Eyal Seroussi, George Liu, and George R. Wiggans. Determination of actual polymorphisms responsible for economic trait variation in dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600017.bard.

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The project’s general objectives were to determine specific polymorphisms at the DNA level responsible for observed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to estimate their effects, frequencies, and selection potential in the Holstein dairy cattle breed. The specific objectives were to (1) localize the causative polymorphisms to small chromosomal segments based on analysis of 52 U.S. Holstein bulls each with at least 100 sons with high-reliability genetic evaluations using the a posteriori granddaughter design; (2) sequence the complete genomes of at least 40 of those bulls to 20 coverage; (3) determine causative polymorphisms based on concordance between the bulls’ genotypes for specific polymorphisms and their status for a QTL; (4) validate putative quantitative trait variants by genotyping a sample of Israeli Holstein cows; and (5) perform gene expression analysis using statistical methodologies, including determination of signatures of selection, based on somatic cells of cows that are homozygous for contrasting quantitative trait variants; and (6) analyze genes with putative quantitative trait variants using data mining techniques. Current methods for genomic evaluation are based on population-wide linkage disequilibrium between markers and actual alleles that affect traits of interest. Those methods have approximately doubled the rate of genetic gain for most traits in the U.S. Holstein population. With determination of causative polymorphisms, increasing the accuracy of genomic evaluations should be possible by including those genotypes as fixed effects in the analysis models. Determination of causative polymorphisms should also yield useful information on gene function and genetic architecture of complex traits. Concordance between QTL genotype as determined by the a posteriori granddaughter design and marker genotype was determined for 30 trait-by-chromosomal segment effects that are segregating in the U.S. Holstein population; a probability of <10²⁰ was used to accept the null hypothesis that no segregating gene within the chromosomal segment was affecting the trait. Genotypes for 83 grandsires and 17,217 sons were determined by either complete sequence or imputation for 3,148,506 polymorphisms across the entire genome. Variant sites were identified from previous studies (such as the 1000 Bull Genomes Project) and from DNA sequencing of bulls unique to this project, which is one of the largest marker variant surveys conducted for the Holstein breed of cattle. Effects for stature on chromosome 11, daughter pregnancy rate on chromosome 18, and protein percentage on chromosome 20 met 3 criteria: (1) complete or nearly complete concordance, (2) nominal significance of the polymorphism effect after correction for all other polymorphisms, and (3) marker coefficient of determination >40% of total multiple-regression coefficient of determination for the 30 polymorphisms with highest concordance. The missense polymorphism Phe279Tyr in GHR at 31,909,478 base pairs on chromosome 20 was confirmed as the causative mutation for fat and protein concentration. For effect on fat percentage, 12 additional missensepolymorphisms on chromosome 14 were found that had nearly complete concordance with the suggested causative polymorphism (missense mutation Ala232Glu in DGAT1). The markers used in routine U.S. genomic evaluations were increased from 60,000 to 80,000 by adding markers for known QTLs and markers detected in BARD and other research projects. Objectives 1 and 2 were completely accomplished, and objective 3 was partially accomplished. Because no new clear-cut causative polymorphisms were discovered, objectives 4 through 6 were not completed.
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