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Jiang, Axelsson Bohui. "A LTE UPCUL architecture design combining Multi-Blackboards and Pipes & Filters architectures." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10470.
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Context. The single blackboard architecture is widely used in the LTE application area. Despite its several benefits, this architecture limits synchronization possibilities of the developed systems and increases the signal operational latency. As a result the DSP (Digital Signal Processing) utilization is suboptimal. Objectives. In this thesis, we design a new architecture, which combines concepts of Multi-Blackboards and Pipes & Filters architectures, as a replacement for the current single blackboard architecture at Ericsson. The implementation of the new architecture makes the environment asynchronous. We evaluate the new architecture at simulated environment of Ericsson with 222225 connection items from 9000 base stations all over the world. Each connection item has a complete UE session and one of possible connection statuses, e.g. active, inactive, connected, DRX sleeping, postponed. These connection items can be from any country in the world. Methods. We design a new architecture for UPCUL component of LTE network based on analysis of real network data from Ericsson. We perform a case study to develop and evaluate the new architecture at Ericsson. Results. We evaluate the new architecture by performing a case study at Ericsson. The results of case study show that the new architecture not only increases DSP utilization by 35%, but also decreases signal operational latency by 53%, FO operation time by 20% and FO operation cycles by 20%. Also, the new architecture increases correctness performance. Conclusions. We conclude that the new architecture increases DSP utilization and decreases the signal operational latency, therefore, improves performances of UPCUL component of LTE. Due to time constraints, we only considered four LTE FOs (Function Objects) and relative signals. Future work should focus mainly on the other FOs and signals. We also analyze unconsidered FOs, and make an integration solution table which contains solutions to integrate these unconsidered FOs into the new architecture. The second avenue for future work is to re-size the size of the two blackboard storages. We find out that the maximum memory size of needed UE sessions per sub-frame is only 1.305% of the memory size of all UE sessions (31650 bytes). So the memory size of blackboard storage should be adjusted on the basis of needed UE sessions instead of all UE sessions.
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Kogiantis, Achilles, Kiran Rege, and Anthony A. Triolo. "LTE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR COVERAGE AND DOPPLER REDUCTION IN RANGE TELEMETRY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626975.
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A novel approach employing 4G LTE Cellular Technology for Test Range Telemetry is presented. Providing aeronautical mobile telemetry using commercial off the shelf (COTS) cellular equipment poses many challenges, including: Three-dimensional (3D) coverage, need for uninterrupted high data throughputs, and very high Doppler speeds of the Test Articles (TA). Each of these requirements is difficult to meet with a standard cellular approach. We present a novel architecture that provides 3D coverage over the span of a test range, allowing the TA to establish a radio link with base stations that have a manageable Doppler due to the reduced projected TA speed on the radio link line. Preliminary results illustrate that a variety of flight plans can be accommodated with commercial LTE technology by employing LTE’s mobility mechanisms and adding centralized control. The resulting network architecture and Radio Access Network topology allow very high throughputs to be delivered throughout the test range with a judicious placement of base stations.
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Di, Santi Silvio. "5G Network Architecture." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20432/.
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In this work the 5G core network architecture has been explored: starting from the enabling technologies that are supporting the "revolution" and looking in depth at the current 4G LTE network architecture, we tried to find a solution to bridge the gap between these two totally different architecture.
Once the solution has been found, we used a simulation platform provided by the ONF (Open Networking Foundation) that demonstrates the feasibility of such approach.
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Nasim, Kamraan. "AETOS: An Architecture for Offloading Core LTE Traffic Using Software Defined Networking Concepts." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35085.
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It goes without saying that cellular users of today have an insatiable appetite for bandwidth and data. Data-intensive applications, such as video on demand, online gaming and video conferencing, have gained prominence. This, coupled with recent innovations in the mobile network such as LTE/4G, poses a unique challenge to network operators in how to extract the most value from their deployments all the while reducing their Total Cost of Operations(TCO). To this end, a number of enhancements have been proposed to the ”conventional” LTE mobile network. Most of these recognize the monolithic and non-elastic nature of the mobile backend and propose complimenting core functionality with concepts borrowed from Software Defined Networking (SDN). In this thesis we shall attempt to explore some existing options within the LTE standard to mitigate large traffic churns. We will then review some SDN-enabled alternatives, and attempt to derive a proof based critique on their merits and drawbacks.
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Saha, Sumanta. "OBSAI Interoperability in Multi-Vendor WiMAX Base Station Architecture Environment." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91500.
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Wireless networks have become a necessity with the increased mobility in human life. From cellular telephony to the Internet, all types of communication are now provided over wireless networks. However, to offer wireless network coverage over an area requires a potentially expensive infrastructure deployment. Such deployment requires base stations which until now have been completely proprietary to the equipment vendors. Moreover, proprietary equipment is almost always costly and offer less flexibility than standardized modular solutions. This situation results in a high cost for network upgradation and hinders network development. A remedy is available via modularization, hence the Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) is trying to modularize and standardize one of the most expensive elements of the wireless infrastructure, the base station. OBSAI standards aim to modularize the base station architecture and enable true interoperability among the various modules. However, the goal has not yet been achieved due to some features of the standard. This thesis project has studied the standards and pointed out some areas that must be concentrated upon when performing interoperability tests. It also proposes several standards amendments to foster greater interoperability among the modules of a base station. This study focuses on the RP3 interface of the OBSAI specification with the goal of making truly inter-operable baseband and RF modules, thus commoditizing the modules. The result is expected to be lower cost, greater interoperability, faster time-to-market, and more cooperative research.Langattomat laajakaistaverkot ovat tulleet välttämättömäksi osaksi liikkuvien ihmisten elämää. Lähes kaikki kommunikaatiotarpeet äänipuheluista internettiin pystytään toteuttamaan langattomien verkkojen avulla. Kuitenkin jotta langattomilla verkoilla pystytään tarjoamaan täysi peittävyys yli maan, se vaatii varsin kalliita investointeja verkkoinfrastruktuuriin. Langattomien verkkojen investoinnit koostuvat suurelta osin tukiasemista, jotka tähän asti ovat olleet kullakin verkkotoimittajalla täysin omanlaisensa toteutus. Kun jokainen verkkotoimittaja toteuttaa kaikki tukiaseman osat erilailla, se tarkoittaa että kutakin tukiaseman osia valmistetaan suhteellisesti pienempiä määriä ja sitä myötä niistä tulee mahdollisesti kalliimpia verrattuna standardoituhin modulaarisiin tukiasemaratkaisuihin. Nykyinen tilanne siis osaltaan johtaa siihen että verkkojen rakentaminen ja päivittäminen on kallista. Eräs ratkaisu tähän ongelmaan on tarjolla modulaarisessa tukiasemaratkaisussa ja siksi OBSAI, Open Base Station Initiative, pyrkii modulaarisoimaan ja standardoimaan yhden kalliimmista verkkoinfrastruktuurin osista, tukiaseman. OBSAI standardi pyrkii modularisoimaan tukiasema-arkkitehtuurin ja mahdollistamaan todellisen yhteensopivuuden tukiaseman eri osien välillä. Tätä todellista yhteensopivuutta ei ole vielä täysin pystytty toteuttamaan, johtuen tietyistä standardin epätarkkuuksista. Tässä lopputyössä on analysoitu OBSAI standardia ja identifioitu alueet, joihin pitää keskittyä, kun modulien välistä yhteensopivuutta testataan. Työn lopputulemana myös ehdotetaan useita parannuksia ja muutoksia standardiin, jotta todellinen yhteensopivuus modulien välillä saavutetaan. Painopiste lopputyössä on OBSAI standardin RP3 rajapinta, joka määrittelee kantataajuusosan (BB) ja radiotaajuusosan (RF) välisen rajapinnan. Kun OBSAI standardia saadaan parannettua työssä ehdotetuin toimenpitein, lopputuloksena on oletettavasti alhaisempi tukiaseman kokonaiskustannus, mahdollisuus käyttää yhteensopivia moduleita eri valmistajilta, nopeampi tuotteiden markkinoille vienti sekä parantunut tutkimusyhteistyö eri yritysten välillä.
Trådlösa nät har blivit en nödvändighet i vår allt mer mobila livsstil. Från mobiltelefoni till Internet, trådlösa nät erbjuder många typer av kommunikation. Men att erbjuda trådlös täckning i ett område kan kräva installation av en mängd dyrbar telekomutrustning. En sådan utbyggnad kräver basstationer som fram till nu har varit patentskyddade av respektive leverantör. Och patentskyddad utrustning är oftast både dyrare och mindre flexibel jämfört med standardiserade modulära lösningar. Resultatet är höga kostnader för att uppgradera näten och att utvecklingen försvåras. Ett botemedel är användningen av standardiserade moduler. Därfär försöker Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) att standardisera moduler i ett av de dyraste nätelementen i trådlösa nät, basstationen. OBSAI har som mål att dela upp basstationen i definierade moduler och möjliggöra fullständig interaktion mellan olika moduler. Men på grund av vissa egenskaper hos standarden har detta inte lyckats. Denna studie har undersökt standarden och pekar på områden som man måste fokusera på när man utför tester mellan moduler. Dessutom föreslås flera tillägg till standarden för att möjliggöra bättre interaktion mellan basstationens moduler. Studien fokuserar på RP3- gränssnittet med målet att möjliggöra standardiserad interaktion mellan basbands- och radio-moduler, så att dessa moduler kan kommerisialiseras. Det förväntade resultatet är lägre kostnader, bättre interaktion mellan moduler, snabbare marknadsintroduktion och mer samarbete inom forskning och utveckling.
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Toukabri, Thouraya. "CVS : a framework architecture for D2D-based cellular vehicular services in 4G networks and beyond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0004.
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L'explosion du trafic dans les réseaux mobiles d'aujourd'hui est l'une des préoccupations majeures des opérateurs mobiles. En effet, entre investir dans le développement de l’infrastructure pour supporter l’évolution des besoins des utilisateurs et faire face à la concurrence accrue des nouveaux acteurs du marché, l’enjeu est considérable. Dans ce contexte, les communications Device-to-Device (D2D) offrent aux opérateurs mobiles de nouvelles opportunités aussi bien financières que techniques, à travers les communications directes entre les appareils mobiles permettant de délester le réseau d'une partie du trafic. L'organisme de standardisation 3GPP a défini des évolutions de son architecture LTE/4G fonctionnelle pour supporter les communications D2D dans le cadre de Services de Proximité (ProSe). Cependant, les modèles économiques autour de ces nouveaux services sont encore flous et les solutions actuellement proposées par le 3GPP visent un déploiement à court terme d’un ensemble limité de services (ex : les services de sécurité publique). La première contribution proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse est une évolution de l'architecture ProSe vers une architecture cible distribuée dans laquelle les fonctions liées à ProSe sont mutualisées avec d'autres fonctions réseaux. La deuxième contribution porte sur l’intégration des services véhiculaires dans les réseaux mobiles en tant que services ProSe particuliers reposant sur les communications D2D. L'architecture CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) est alors proposée comme solution pour un déploiement à grande échelle des services véhiculaires en s'appuyant sur une nouvelle évolution de l’architecture ProSe distribuée. Un algorithme de « clustering » ainsi que des procédures de communication en mode relais D2D sont utilisés dans la conception de la solution afin d’optimiser l'usage des ressources du réseau. Enfin, les performances de ces contributions sont évaluées à l'aide de modèles analytiques et de simulations afin de valider les approches et solutions proposéesThe traffic explosion in today’s mobile networks is one of the major concerns of mobile operators. This explosion is mostly widening the gap between networks’ capacities and users’ growing needs in terms of bandwidth and QoS (Quality of Service), which directly impacts operators’ business profitability. In this context, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications offer mobile operators business and technical opportunities by allowing the network traffic offload with D2D direct communications between mobile devices. The recent standardization of D2D-based services as Proximity Services (ProSe) by the 3GPP provides already a set of enhancements to the current LTE/4G architecture to support these services. However, still in its infancy, the proposed solutions are envisioned for short-term market deployments and for a limited set of service categories (i.e public safety services). As a first contribution of this thesis, the proposed Distributed ProSe Architecture enhances the current ProSe architecture for a longer term deployment perspective of D2D-based services. On the basis of this enhanced architecture, vehicular communications and related services are further investigated as a specific implementation of ProSe as well as a new market opportunity for mobile operators. The CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) solution is then introduced as an architecture framework that enables the integration of vehicular networks into mobile operators’ network infrastructure. A mobile network clustering algorithm and D2D relay-based communication mechanisms are used in the solution design in order to optimize the use of both core and radio network resources. Performance evaluation through analytical modeling and simulations are also carried out to validate the proposed contributions
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Toukabri, Thouraya. "CVS : a framework architecture for D2D-based cellular vehicular services in 4G networks and beyond." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0004/document.
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L'explosion du trafic dans les réseaux mobiles d'aujourd'hui est l'une des préoccupations majeures des opérateurs mobiles. En effet, entre investir dans le développement de l’infrastructure pour supporter l’évolution des besoins des utilisateurs et faire face à la concurrence accrue des nouveaux acteurs du marché, l’enjeu est considérable. Dans ce contexte, les communications Device-to-Device (D2D) offrent aux opérateurs mobiles de nouvelles opportunités aussi bien financières que techniques, à travers les communications directes entre les appareils mobiles permettant de délester le réseau d'une partie du trafic. L'organisme de standardisation 3GPP a défini des évolutions de son architecture LTE/4G fonctionnelle pour supporter les communications D2D dans le cadre de Services de Proximité (ProSe). Cependant, les modèles économiques autour de ces nouveaux services sont encore flous et les solutions actuellement proposées par le 3GPP visent un déploiement à court terme d’un ensemble limité de services (ex : les services de sécurité publique). La première contribution proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse est une évolution de l'architecture ProSe vers une architecture cible distribuée dans laquelle les fonctions liées à ProSe sont mutualisées avec d'autres fonctions réseaux. La deuxième contribution porte sur l’intégration des services véhiculaires dans les réseaux mobiles en tant que services ProSe particuliers reposant sur les communications D2D. L'architecture CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) est alors proposée comme solution pour un déploiement à grande échelle des services véhiculaires en s'appuyant sur une nouvelle évolution de l’architecture ProSe distribuée. Un algorithme de « clustering » ainsi que des procédures de communication en mode relais D2D sont utilisés dans la conception de la solution afin d’optimiser l'usage des ressources du réseau. Enfin, les performances de ces contributions sont évaluées à l'aide de modèles analytiques et de simulations afin de valider les approches et solutions proposéesThe traffic explosion in today’s mobile networks is one of the major concerns of mobile operators. This explosion is mostly widening the gap between networks’ capacities and users’ growing needs in terms of bandwidth and QoS (Quality of Service), which directly impacts operators’ business profitability. In this context, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications offer mobile operators business and technical opportunities by allowing the network traffic offload with D2D direct communications between mobile devices. The recent standardization of D2D-based services as Proximity Services (ProSe) by the 3GPP provides already a set of enhancements to the current LTE/4G architecture to support these services. However, still in its infancy, the proposed solutions are envisioned for short-term market deployments and for a limited set of service categories (i.e public safety services). As a first contribution of this thesis, the proposed Distributed ProSe Architecture enhances the current ProSe architecture for a longer term deployment perspective of D2D-based services. On the basis of this enhanced architecture, vehicular communications and related services are further investigated as a specific implementation of ProSe as well as a new market opportunity for mobile operators. The CVS (Cellular Vehicular Services) solution is then introduced as an architecture framework that enables the integration of vehicular networks into mobile operators’ network infrastructure. A mobile network clustering algorithm and D2D relay-based communication mechanisms are used in the solution design in order to optimize the use of both core and radio network resources. Performance evaluation through analytical modeling and simulations are also carried out to validate the proposed contributions
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Boutayeb, Mohammed Saad. "Architecture et conception d’un amplificateur de puissance large-bande pour des applications 4G/5G." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT055.
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Avec l’arrivée de la 5G NR, les architectures des émetteurs-récepteurs des terminaux mobiles doivent intégrer plus de composants (filtres, amplificateurs de puissance…) afin d’adresser des bandes plus nombreuses et plus larges (notamment les bandes « sub-6 GHz ») en plus de traiter des signaux plus complexes. Ces nouvelles contraintes d’encombrement et de performances auxquelles doivent répondre les émetteurs-récepteurs ont un impact direct sur les spécifications techniques des amplificateurs de puissance (PA). D’une part il est nécessaire d’avoir des PA qui adressent des bandes plus larges afin de réduire le nombre de composants dans la chaîne d’émission ; d’autre part, ces PA doivent répondre aux critères de linéarité des nouveaux standards (LTE-A et 5G NR) tout en assurant une bonne efficacité énergétique de fonctionnement. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur l’investigation d’architectures avancées de PA alliant largeur de bande, linéarité et efficacité énergétique.Le contexte et les motivations de la thèse énoncés, le choix de la technologie RF SOI 130nm et les contraintes auxquels doit répondre le PA sont justifiés. Une étude de l’état de l’art des architectures avancées (à efficacité améliorée) de PA permet de retenir l’architecture Doherty comme solution intéressante. Une étude théorique de l’architecture Doherty est effectuée afin de modéliser son fonctionnement, d’identifier l’impact des paramètres de dimensionnement et des capacités parasites du transistor sur les performances de celle-ci avant d’explorer les perspectives qu’elle présente en termes de largeur de bande. Un premier circuit démonstrateur a été implémenté en RF SOI 130nm. Il s’agit d’un étage amplificateur Doherty couvrant la bande 3,2-3,6 GHz. Pour un signal LTE 10MHz 50RB à une puissance de sortie de 27dBm, un ACLR maximal de -30,5 dBc et une PAE minimale de 36% a été mesurée sur toute la bande. Un deuxième circuit Doherty intégrant un étage de pré-amplification (driver) a été implémenté dans la même technologie. Les mesures pour un signal LTE 10MHz 12RB à 28 dBm de puissance de sortie donnent un ACLR maximal de -35 dBc et une PAE minimale de 32% sur toute la bande 3,2-3,8 GHz ce qui permet de couvrir les bandes B42, B43 et B49The arrival of the 5G NR put more constraints on the transceivers architectures. They must integrate more components (filters, power amplifiers, etc.) in order to address more numerous and wider bands (in particular the “sub-6 GHz” bands) in addition to processing more complex signals. These new space and performance constraints that transceivers must meet have a direct impact on the technical specifications of power amplifiers (PAs). On the one hand it is necessary to have PAs which address wider bands in order to reduce the number of components in the emission chain; on the other hand, these PAs must meet the criteria of linearity of the new standards (LTE-A and 5G NR) while ensuring good operating energy efficiency. The work of this thesis concerns the investigation of advanced PA architectures combining bandwidth, linearity and energy efficiency.The context and the motivations of the thesis stated, the choice of SOI 130nm RF technology and the constraints to which the PA must respond are justified. A study of the state of the art of improved efficiency PAs architectures makes it possible to select Doherty architecture as an interesting solution. A theoretical study of the Doherty architecture is carried out in order to model its operation, to identify the impact of the dimensioning parameters and the parasitic capacitances of the transistor on the performances before exploring the bandwidth perspectives it presents. A first demonstrator circuit was implemented in RF SOI 130nm. It is a Doherty amplifier stage covering the 3.2-3.6 GHz band. For an LTE 10MHz 50RB signal at an output power of 27dBm, a maximum ACLR of -30.5 dBc and a minimum PAE of 36% was measured across the band. A second Doherty circuit integrating a driver stage has been implemented in the same technology. Measurements for an LTE 10MHz 12RB signal at 28 dBm of output power give a maximum ACLR of -35 dBc and a minimum PAE of 32% over the whole band 3.2-3.8 GHz which allows to cover the B42, B43 and B49 bands
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Silva, Bruno Leonardo Mendes Tavares. "Implementa??o de processador banda base ofdma para downlink lte em fpga." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15355.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-31This work treats of an implementation OFDMA baseband processor in hardware for LTE Downlink. The LTE or Long Term Evolution consist the last stage of development of the technology called 3G (Mobile System Third Generation) which offers an increasing in data rate and more efficiency and flexibility in transmission with application of advanced antennas and multiple carriers techniques. This technology applies in your physical layer the OFDMA technical (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for generation of signals and mapping of physical resources in downlink and has as base theoretical to OFDM multiple carriers technique (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). With recent completion of LTE specifications, different hardware solutions have been developed, mainly, to the level symbol processing where the implementation of OFDMA processor in base band is commonly considered, because it is also considered a basic architecture of others important applications. For implementation of processor, the reconfigurable hardware offered by devices as FPGA are considered which shares not only to meet the high requirements of flexibility and adaptability of LTE as well as offers possibility of an implementation quick and efficient. The implementation of processor in reconfigurable hardware meets the specifications of LTE physical layer as well as have the flexibility necessary for to meet others standards and application which use OFDMA processor as basic architecture for your systems. The results obtained through of simulation and verification functional system approval the functionality and flexibility of processor implemented
Esta disserta??o trata da implementa??o de um processador banda base em hardware para Downlink LTE. O LTE ou Long Term Evolution compreende o ?ltimo est?gio de desenvolvimento das tecnologias chamadas de 3G (Telefonia M?vel de Terceira Gera??o) que prov? um incremento nas taxas de dados e maior efici?ncia e flexibilidade na transmiss?o com emprego de t?cnicas avan?adas de antenas e de t?cnicas de transmiss?o de m?ltiplas portadoras. Esta tecnologia aplica em sua camada f?sica a t?cnica OFDMA (Orthogonal F requency Division Multiple Access) para gera??o de sinais e mapeamento dos recursos f?sicos no downlink e tem como base te?rica ? t?cnica de m?ltiplas portadoras OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). Com recente finaliza??o das especifica??es da tecnologia LTE, diversas solu??es em hardware tem sido propostas e desenvolvidas, principalmente, ao n?vel de processamento de s?mbolo em que a implementa??o do processador OFDMA em banda base ? comumente considerada, visto que ela ? tamb?m considerada como arquitetura b?sica de outras importantes aplica??es. Para implementa??o do processador, hardwares reconfigur?veis oferecidos por dispositivos como FPGA s?o considerados que visa n?o s? atender os altos requisitos de flexibilidade e adaptabilidade do LTE como tamb?m oferecem a possibilidade de uma implementa??o r?pida e eficiente. A implementa??o do processador em hardware reconfigur?vel atendeu as especifica??es da camada f?sica LTE bem como se mostrou flex?vel o suficiente para atender outros padr?es e aplica??es que utilizem o processador OFDMA como arquitetura b?sica de seus sistemas. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s de simula??o e verifica??o funcional do sistema atestam a funcionalidade e a flexibilidade do processador implementado
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Qasim, Muhammad, and Ali Chaudhry Majid. "Signal Processing on Ambric Processor Array : Baseband processing in radio base stations." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1660.
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The advanced signal processing systems of today require extreme data throughput and low power consumption. The only way to accomplish this is to use parallel processor architecture.
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of parallel processor architecture in baseband signal processing. This has been done by implementing three demanding algorithms in LTE on Ambric Am2000 family Massively Parallel Processor Array (MPPA). The Ambric chip is evaluated in terms of computational performance, efficiency of the development tools, algorithm and I/O mapping.
Implementations of Matrix Multiplication, FFT and Block Interleaver were performed. The implementation of algorithms shows that high level of parallelism can be achieved in MPPA especially on complex algorithms like FFT and Matrix multiplication. Different mappings of the algorithms are compared to see which best fit the architecture.
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Pelcat, Maxime. "Prototypage Rapide et Génération de Code pour DSP Multi-Coeurs Appliqués à la Couche Physique des Stations de Base 3GPP LTE." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578043.
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Le standard 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) est un nouveau standard de télécommunication terrestre dont la couche physique des stations de base, appelées eNodeB, est particulièrement coûteuse. Les processeurs de traitement du signal (DSP) sont largement employés dans les stations de base pour calculer les algorithmes de la couche physique. Les DSPs de dernière génération sont des systèmes complexes et hétérogènes. Il n'existe pas actuellement de solution idéale pour distribuer les parties d'une application comme le LTE sur les différents cœurs contenus dans un eNodeB. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une méthode de travail pour le prototypage rapide et la génération de code automatique. Certains algorithmes de la couche physique du LTE étant trop variables pour une distribution hors-ligne, nous présentons un distributeur adaptatif capable de faire des choix en temps réel sur la base de temps d'exécution prédits.
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Tantayakul, Kuljaree. "Mobility Management in New Internet Architectures." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23732/1/Tantayakul_Kuljaree.pdf.
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The software integration with new network architectures via Software-Defined Networking (SDN) axis appears to be a major evolution of networks. While this paradigm was primarily developed for easy network setup, its ability to integrate services has also to be considered. Thus, the mobility service for which solutions have been proposed in conventional architectures by defining standardized protocols should be rethought in terms of SDN service. Mobile devices might use or move in SDN network. In this thesis, we proposed a new mobility management approach which called "SDN-Mobility" and has shown that SDN can be implemented without IP mobility protocol for providing mobility like as Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) that is the solution adopted by 3GPP, with some performance gain. However, PMIPv6 and SDN-Mobility have some packets loss during Mobile Node (MN) handover. Thus, in this thesis, we proposed a new paradigm based on caching function to improve the quality of transfer during handover. Caching policy cooperates with SDN controller for automatic buffering of the data during the handover. We proposed two caching policies that are compared through a performance analysis regarding the quality of transfer for the user and for the operator. This thesis also presented that SDN-Mobility with caching policy can be applied easily for mobility management in heterogeneous network architectures able to integrate the future Internet based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN).
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Eido, Souheir. "Contrôle de la mobilité dans un réseau d'opérateur convergé fixe-mobile." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0025/document.
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Les réseaux fixes et mobiles font face à une croissance dramatique du trafic de données, qui est principalement due à la distribution de contenus vidéo. Les opérateurs Télécoms envisagent donc de décentraliser la distribution de contenus dans les futures architectures convergées fixe-mobile (FMC). Cette décentralisation, conjointement au déploiement d'un cœur de réseau mobile distribué, sera un élément majeur des futurs réseaux 5G. L'approche SIPTO définie par 3GPP permet déjà le délestage sur le réseau fixe du trafic mobile, et pourra donc être utilisée en 5G. SIPTO s'appuie sur la distribution des passerelles de données (PGW) qui permet ainsi de décharger le cœur du réseau mobile actuel. Cependant, dans certains cas de mobilité des usagers, SIPTO ne supporte pas la continuité de session, quand il est nécessaire de changer de PGW, donc de modifier l'adresse IP du terminal. Cette thèse commence par quantifier le gain apporté par le délestage du trafic mobile en termes de capacité requise pour différentes portions du réseau. Un état de l'art des différentes solutions de délestage du trafic de données mobiles est fourni, démontrant qu'aucune des solutions existantes ne supporte la continuité de service pour les sessions de longue durée. C'est pourquoi, cette thèse propose des solutions pour supporter une mobilité transparente ; ces solutions s'appuient à la fois sur SIPTO et sur le protocole MultiPath TCP (MPTCP). Les protocoles du 3GPP sont inchangés car la continuité est maintenue par les extrémités. Enfin, ces solutions sont appliquées aux différentes implémentations d'architectures FMC envisagées à ce jourFixed and mobile networks are currently experiencing a dramatic growth in terms of data traffic, mainly driven by video content distribution. Telecoms operators are thus considering de-centralizing content distribution architecture for future Fixed and Mobile Converged (FMC) network architectures. This decentralization, together with a distributed mobile EPC, would be used for future 5G networks. Mobile data offloading, in particular SIPTO approaches, already represent a good implementation model for 5G network as it allows the use of distributed IP edges to offload Selected IP traffic off the currently centralized mobile core network. However, in some cases, SIPTO does not support session continuity during users' mobility. This is due to the fact that user's mobility may imply packet gateway (PGW) relocation and thus a modification of the UE's IP address.This PhD thesis first quantifies the gain, in terms of bandwidth demands on various network portions, brought by the generalized use of mobile traffic offloading. A state of art of existing mobile data offloading solutions is presented, showing that none of the existing solutions solve the problem of session continuity for long-lived sessions. This is why, in the context of future FMC mobile network architectures, the PhD thesis proposes solutions to provide seamless mobility for users relying on SIPTO with the help of Multipath TCP (MPTCP). 3GPP standards are not modified, as session continuity is ensured by end-points. Lastly, the proposed solutions are mapped on different architecture options considered for future FMC networks
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Jalier, Camille. "Communication et contrôle dans les architectures homogènes de circuits pour télécommunications." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20033/document.
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Les travaux de thèse s'intéressent à la problématique de contrôle et de communication dans le domaine de la conception des systèmes numériques embarqués pour les applications de télécommunication de quatrième génération. La complexité des applications couplée aux besoins de productivité croissants impose de repenser les méthodologies de conception et les architectures sous jacentes. Afin de lever ces verrous, nous proposons plusieurs contributions originales. En effet, une méthodologie d'exploration d'un espace de conception ainsi qu'une architecture basée sur des noeuds de traitements homogènes et flexibles interconnectés à travers un réseau sur silicium sont proposées. Chaque noeud de traitement possède plusieurs blocs visant à exécuter efficacement et dynamiquement les applications de télécommunication. Pour répondre aux contraintes de faible consommation, nous proposons plusieurs solutions innovantes afin de minimiser cette métrique notamment au travers de techniques de migration de tâchesThis PhD research aims to solve challenges about control and communication in the design of digital embedded systems for 4G telecom applications. The application complexity added to the increasing productivity gap force to think about new design methodologies and the underlying architectures. Several new research directions is proposed in this work. A methodology for design space exploration and a digital architecture based on homogeneous and flexible processing units interconnected by a Network-on-Chip is proposed. A processing unit is a cluster of DSPs controled by a MIPS processor to compute telecom applications. To meet low power constraints, we propose optimization techniques based on resource management including task migration
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Yamaguchi, Kiyoko. "Philippine urban architectural history : transformation of the poblacion architecture from the late Spanish period to the American period." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145170.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第11700号
地博第14号
新制||地||5(附属図書館)
23343
UT51-2005-D449
京都大学大学院ｱｼﾞｱ・ｱﾌﾘｶ地域研究研究科東南ｱｼﾞｱ地域研究専攻
(主査)教授 加藤 剛, 教授 田中 耕司, 助教授 ABINALES Patricio
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Leal, Beatrice. "Representations of architecture in late antiquity." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/60784/.
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Buildings and architectural metaphors occupy an important place in early Christian literature. Heaven was conceived of as a city, Christ is a cornerstone, apostles and prophets are foundations and pillars, the Virgin Mary is a gateway to salvation and believers are living stones. This dissertation studies the equally inventive range of visual architectural symbolism in the art of the late Roman Empire and its successor states. Taking examples from across the Mediterranean basin, from Rome to Syria, it investigates why buildings were so often chosen for illustration and how they functioned as images, often as active protagonists within compositions. Chapter one deals with late fourth-century funerary monuments; chapter two discusses the early fifth-century apse mosaics of Roman churches; chapter three covers the mosaic floors of Syrian and Jordanian churches from the fourth to seventh centuries, and chapter four moves between the Umayyad eastern Mediterranean and Carolingian and papal Rome, to discuss the renewed enthusiasm for architectural imagery in the eighth and early ninth centuries. Buildings embodied many positive qualities, such as stability, tradition, authority, civilisation and wealth, and the open-endedness of architectural iconography enabled viewers to read multiple meanings into one image. The flexibility of architectural symbolism, the role of depicted buildings as both agents and mediators, and their effectiveness as embodiments of material splendour all contributed to the impact of architectural imagery. This dissertation shows how images of buildings were inventively deployed, especially at times of heightened social competition, as powerful expressions of institutional and religious identity and personal status.
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Mahapatra, Chinmaya. "High speed and energy efficient hardware architectures for LTE-advanced systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45376.
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The explosive growth of internet traffic, fueled by an ever increasing availability of mobile wireless devices and demands of end users to be always connected, provides a challenge for cellular and broadband wireless access technologies. In this thesis, we present novel approaches of physical layer architectures Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiple Access (OWDMA) & Fast Inverse Square Root based Matrix Inverse (FISRMI) that is shown to substantially improve bit error rate (BER), increase data rate, accommodating more number of users, low power consumption and cover dead zones effectively. The work presented in this thesis consists of basically two parts which provides solutions to different problems in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks.
In LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), heterogeneous networks (HetNet) concept using centralized coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmitting Radio resources over optical fibers LTE-A Radio-Over-Fiber (ROF) has provided a feasible way of satisfying user demands. A OWDMA processor architecture is proposed and evaluated. To validate the architecture, circuit is designed and synthesized on a Xilinx vertex-6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). We compare our architecture with similar available architectures for resource utilization & timing and provide performance comparison with OFDMA for different quality metrics of communication systems. The OWDMA architecture is found to perform better than OFDMA for BER performance versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) in ROF media. It also gives higher throughput and mitigates the bad effect of Peak to Average Power ratio (PAPR) and Inter carrier interference (ICI).
Secondly, a low complexity and high speed matrix inversion algorithm FISRMI using fast inverse square root based on QR-decomposition and systolic array was designed. Matrix operations are costliest computational module within multiple input multiple output (MIMO)-LTE receivers. The capital expenditure (CAPEX) is reduced by implementing a 4x4 matrix inverse in Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA by optimizing the module for speed and power by pipelining. The results are compared with state of art techniques of Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) based algorithms and the various Minimum Mean Squared Error channel matrices of size 4x4 and 8x8 are inverted at different bit precision on a BER plot.
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Gu, Zhouyou. "Programmable Scheduler Architectures for Multi-Tenant Wireless Networks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21225.
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In future wireless, WiFi or cellular networks, physical networks are shared among multiple virtual networks. Each virtual network becomes a tenant in the physical network, which is known as a multi-tenant network. Operators need to handle time-varying network conditions and various traffic demands of different tenants by programming the radio resource scheduler logic of edge base stations (BSs). In this thesis, we first use an existing centralized programmable scheduler architecture for WiFi networks to develop a radio resource scheduler that allocates spectrum and service set identifiers (SSIDs) used by BSs in WiFi, in order to improve the throughput of multi-tenant WiFi networks. Our experiments indicate that the network throughput with the proposed scheduler remains the same with an increasing number of tenants, in contrast with other existing schedulers that show a linear decrease in the network throughput. The above centralized programmable scheduler architecture is not able to program the logic that schedules the transmissions of every radio frame, which is critical to satisfying the flexible quality of service (QoS) demands of different tenants. To address this issue, we then propose a new distributed real-time programmable scheduler architecture, where we refer to a real-time scheduler as one with logic running at every transmission time interval (TTI). In the proposed architecture, the scheduling logic is written in the controller, independently of the underlying cellular BS software, and is then executed in real-time at the edge BS with the help of a scheduler agent. The hardware prototyping activities with standards-compliant setup validate the practicality of the proposed architecture. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture allows the operator to apply real-time customized strategies according to the needs of the network tenants.
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Chobineh, Amirreza. "Influence of new network architectures and usages on RF human exposure in cellular networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT019.
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Dans les années à venir, le trafic de données dans les réseaux cellulaires connaîtra une forte croissance en raison de l'augmentation de l’utilisation des moyens de télécommunications sans fil. Par conséquent, les opérateurs de réseaux mobiles visent à augmenter la capacité et la couverture de leurs réseaux afin de répondre à cette croissance. Dans ce contexte, l'un des principaux efforts est de densifier les réseaux Macrocells actuels par les Small cells afin d’offrir plus de couverture et de débit aux utilisateurs. Les antennes Small cells émettent de faibles puissances et sont souvent déployées à de faibles hauteurs. En conséquence, ils sont plus proches des utilisateurs, peuvent être déployés massivement mais génèrent également des inquiétudes chez les riverains. Les téléphones portables sont utilisés pour une grande variété d'utilisations qui nécessitent différentes quantités de données et de débit. Les applications de voix sur IP telles que Skype sont devenues très populaires car elles fournissent une communication vocale internationale peu onéreuse et peuvent être utilisées sur les appareils mobiles. Étant donné que les systèmes LTE ne prennent en charge que les services par paquets, le service vocal utilise la technologie voix sur LTE au lieu de la technologie « circuits » classique comme avec le GSM et UMTS.L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'évaluer l'influence des nouvelles architectures des réseaux et usages sur l'exposition actuel du publique induite par les réseaux cellulaires. À cet égard, plusieurs campagnes de mesures ont été menées dans différentes villes et environnements.En ce qui concerne l'exposition aux champs électromagnétiques dans les réseaux hétérogènes, les résultats suggèrent qu'en déployant les Small cells, la puissance émise par le téléphone mobile, en raison de la proximité de l’antenne et par conséquent l’exposition global diminue. De plus, pour évaluer l'exposition EMF des utilisateurs indoor induite par les Small cells, deux modèles statistiques sont proposés pour les expositions montante et descendante induite dans un réseau hétérogène LTE.La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'évaluation de l'exposition aux nouveaux types d'usages. Les résultats suggèrent que la puissance émise et la durée d'émission par un téléphone mobile dépendent fortement de l’usage et de la technologie du réseau. Les communications voix nécessitent un débit continu et généralement faible afin de maintenir la communication pendant l'appel. Au contraire, dans le cas de l’usage données, le téléphone mobile nécessite des débits plus élevés pour effectuer la tâche le plus rapidement. Par conséquent, pendant un appel voix, même si l'utilisateur utilise le téléphone portable pendant une durée relativement longue, la durée de l'exposition est moins longue car l'utilisation ne nécessite pas une grande quantité de données. Ainsi, le taux d'occupation temporelle de plusieurs types d'appels voix pour différentes technologies est évalué par les mesuresIn coming years, there will be a sharp growth in wireless data traffic due to the increasing usage of mobile phones and implementation of IoT technology. Therefore, mobile network operators aim to increase the capacity of their networks, to provide higher data traffic with lower latency, and to support thousands of connections. One of the primary efforts toward these goals is to densify today's cellular Macrocell networks using Small cells to bring more coverage and higher network capacity. Small cell antennas emit lower power than Macrocells and are often deployed at low heights. As a consequence, they are closer to the user and can be implemented massively. The latter can result in an important raise in public concerns. Mobile phones are used on the one hand, for a large variety of data usages that require different amounts of data and throughput and on the other hand for making phone calls. Voice over IP applications such as Skype has become very popular since they provide cheap international voice communication and can be used on mobile devices. Since LTE systems only support packet services, the voice service uses Voice over LTE technology instead of classical circuit-switched voice technology as in GSM and UMTS. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize and analyse the influence of new network architectures and usages on the actual human exposure induced by cellular networks. In this regard, several measurement campaigns were carried out in various cities and environments. Regarding the EMF exposure in heterogeneous networks, results suggest that by implementing Small cells, the global exposure (i.e. exposure induced by mobile phone and base station antenna) reduces due to the fact that by bringing the antenna closer to the user the emitted power by mobile phone and the usage duration reduce owing to power control schemes implemented in cellular network technologies. However, the magnitude of exposure reduction depends on the location of the Small cell with respect to Macrocells. Moreover, to assess the EMF exposure of indoor users induced by Small cells, two statistical models are proposed for the uplink and downlink exposures in an LTE heterogeneous environment based on measurements. The last part of the thesis was devoted to the assessment of the exposure for new types of usages through measurements. Results suggest that the amount of uplink emitted power and the emission time duration by a mobile phone is highly dependent on the usage and network technology. Voice call communications require a continuous and generally low throughput in order to maintain the communication during the call. On the contrary, in data usage, the mobile phone requires higher data and throughput to perform the task as fast as possible. Therefore during a voice call even if the user is using the mobile phone for a relatively long time, the exposure time duration should be lower since the usage does not require high amounts of data. The temporal occupation rate for several types of voice calls for different technologies is assessed through measurements
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Mulvin, Lynda. "Late Roman villas in the Danube-Balkan region /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40063852w.
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Eng, Sunchuan Clarence. "The use of ceramic in Chinese late imperial architecture." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/8361/.
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This thesis examines the choice of ceramic materials for traditional architecture and the circumstances which influenced their selection. Traditional Chinese buildings have been studied by architectural historians more for the qualities of their timber framework and less for their ceramic content, even though this can be the major visible component of a structure. Because of their dissimilar production techniques, function and often size, Chinese architectural ceramics do not fit comfortably alongside the appreciation and study of [me ceramic wares for domestic or ritual use. Architectural components therefore occupy an interdisciplinary area bordering upon Chinese architectural history and Chinese ceramics, and this is reflected in a small but growing body of relevant literature. Field-work has focused on extant structures and archaeological remains in the former Ming capitals of Nanjing and Beijing, and on sites throughout Shanxi Province, the latter a region rich in extant examples of traditional architecture and ceramic ornament produced by elite patronage of skilled local craftsmanship. Buildings were used as the primary source and observations of architectural ceramics in situ compared against specimens in collections and described in documentary sources. Structures studied were primarily on religious sites and also included palace halls and screen-walls. The study focused on the Ming period, but structures from earlier and later periods were included in order to observe changes in styling and techniques. Chinese traditional buildings are designed for continuous maintenance, and the precise age of individual components is often mixed. The social history of a structure, with its various renovations and repairs, is therefore often more significant than its date of origin. The study examines evidence of trial, innovation and stylistic freedom alongside factors which may have promoted or hindered these choices, and very different circumstances appear to have prevailed in all three study locations.
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Withersby, Matthew Anthony. "Supramolecular architecture of late transition metal co-ordination polymers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311739.
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Tejeira-Davis, Eduardo. "Roots of modern Latin American architecture the Hispano-Caribbean region from the late 19th century to the recent past /." Heidelberg : Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=LNBPAAAAMAAJ.
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Vallecillo, Albert. "The dream is a lie, but the dreaming is true." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70652.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86).
This thesis is about establishing the attributes of sense of place, rather than placelessness, through the observation of what makes a community have the qualities that it does. What is it in its physical, cultural, climatic and historical forms that affects building and spatial form that, through transformation can be used in creating an identity of the new place I am proposing. The thesis is an exploration and proposal for changing the way town extensions, as opposed to suburbs, are thought about in the California context. It is this changing of the way we think about ourselves and our surroundings that evolution comes about. The thesis is about examining the design of the spaces between buildings and the relationship of those spaces to the buildings. It is about the making and building of transition and access between the objects which define the space, and the space itself. The importance of these relationships and their form lies in the fact that the streets and the spaces of a community are the setting for the life of the community at all levels of interaction, from the public to the private realms, and from the understanding of the individuals relationship within the system of sizes, from the regional size down to the dwelling size. It is about the building of community.
by Albert Vallecillo.
M.Arch.
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Díaz-Borioli, Leonardo 1974. "Tilting the mirror : packaging "Spanish" architecture in late nineteenth century California." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16952.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
In 1893 at Chicago's World Columbian Exposition, California devoted a great deal of resources to its promotion through a pavilion that spelled out a construct about California's "Spanish" past. This supposed history got incorporated into California's self-representation and affected the identity of both the Anglo and California populations. This presentation of California shows that exotic figures need not function through the logic of an opposite "other," as is usually theorized. By analyzing the role of architecture in California's Spanish "identity," the thesis locates the representational power of architecture closer to its function in discursive practices rather than to mere formal aspects.
by Leonardo Díaz-Borioli.
S.M.
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Jodko, Andrej. "Architektūros funkcijos raida bei ryšys su planiniais ir konstrukcijų sprendiniais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090702_141749-92546.
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Visur egzistuoja tikslingumas, architektūroje gi jis pasireiškia funkcionalumu, todėl šiame baigiamajame magistro darbe pasirinkta dominante architektūros funkcija dėl funkcijos svarbos bet kokioje žmogiškoje veikloje. Temos aktualumas sąlygotas nagrinėjamų faktorių svarbos architektūros raidoje, ir sąlygojančių bei iš čia išsiliejančių į optimalius, racionalius ir ekonomiškus sprendimus, kurie niekad negali būti per geri, po eko-architektūros ieškant naujų architektūros formų. Tema bus aktuali iki žmogaus egzistavimo pabaigos arba kol žmonės ras alternatyvą architektūrai kokia nors analogija vaikiškam konstruktoriui , kur kiekvienas bus savo egzistavimo erdvės (-ių) kūrėjas, kai erdvę bus galima naujai performuoti tuoj pat po to, kai bus pamatyta, kad ta erdvė (jau) nefunkcionali. Darbe vertinama, polemizuojama, interpretuojama ir analizuojama visa su tema susijusi informacija.
Pagrindinis tyrimo metodas, padėsiantis atskleisti tėzes- pasaulinės architektūros teorijos ir praktikos raidos analizė, visos prieinamos medžiagos pagrindu: knygos, internetas, asmeninė patirtis.
Apžvelgus visus nagrinėjamus aspektus, darančius įtaką architektūros funkcijai ir jos ryšiams su planiniais ir konstrukciniais sprendiniais, pateikiamos galutinės išvados.
Darbą sudaro 8 dalys: įvadas; Nuo motyvacijos iki funkcijos; Architektūra; Architektūrinė inžinerija; Architektūros funkcija; Architektūros funkcijos, planinių ir konstruktyvinių sprendinių raida; Modernizmas; Vėlyviausios tendencijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]We can see purposeness around, which appeares as functionality in architecture. Architectural function is dominant issue in this master‘s thesis, because of the importance of function in any area of human activity. Importance of subject is due to importance of researched aspects in the history of architecture, and here from guaranteeing optimal, rational and economic solutions, which never can be too good, on the way to sustainable architecture and onward to perfection. Issue will be important till the end of time, or till human beings will find some architectural alternative alike to child‘s toy building site, where space can be remade as soon, as it is seen unfunctional. I evaluate, argue, interpret and analyze all the information, that is in the area of research. Main research method helping to establish values- an analysis of all texts in the books, Internet and the personal experience. After the analysis of all the aspects making influence on the architectural function and it‘s planar and structures solutions, conclusions and suggestions are reported. Structure: Introduction; From motivation to function; Architecture; Architectural engineering; Architectural function; Genesis of architectural function and its connection with planar and structuresl solutions; Modernism; The lattest tendencies; Conclusions and suggestions, References.
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Chu, Alejandro. "Monumental Preceramic Architecture at Bandurria, Huacho." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113381.
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The archaeological site of Bandurria, located near the modern town of Huacho, on the North-Central Peruvian coast, is a Late Preceramic settlement known since the 1970’s. However, new research has discovered an unreported sector with monumental architecture. This sector covers an area of 20 hectares and contains 10 structures divided into 4 main mounds of 8 to 12 meters high and 6 minor structures that had auxiliary or secondary functions. This article presents the archaeological excavation of one of the main structures, Mound 1. This excavation revealed a cobble and mud mortar truncated pyramid associated with a circular sunken plaza that reflects the same architectural features and forms of other Late Preceramic monumental architecture.El sitio arqueológico de Bandurria corresponde a un asentamiento del Periodo Precerámico Tardío y es conocido desde la década de los setenta. Nuevas investigaciones, realizadas por el autor, han descubierto un sector de arquitectura monumental nunca antes reportado por investigadores previos. Este sector, de 20 hectáreas, presenta un total de 10 estructuras compuestas por cuatro montículos principales, con alturas de entre 8 a 12 metros, y seis estructuras menores que, probablemente, cumplieron funciones auxiliares o secundarias. El presente artículo da a conocer los trabajos de excavación en una de las estructuras principales, el Montículo 1, que revelaron una pirámide trunca y una plaza circular hundida construidas con cantos rodados unidos con argamasa de barro y que mantienen las mismas características y formas de la arquitectura monumental de otros sitios del mismo periodo.
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Padua, Mary G. "Hybrid modernity : late 20th century landmark parks in China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23522.
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This research investigates new spatial forms that have emerged in China's urban landmark parks in secondary cities of the post -Mao era. These forms represent a new stage in China's history of landscape architecture. As design history and innovative design inquiry, a qualitative approach is employed and it draws from: - modernization theory: a framework for understanding transformation in post -Mao China - post -Mao China socio -cultural analysis: changing Chinese identity, nationalism and trends in the arts and architecture - design analysis and history of China's garden /park traditions and the larger context of the evolution of modern landscape architecture in China - analysis of international design trends in contemporary landscape architecture analysis of China's changing institutional context: education and development of the landscape architecture profession. In this research, I asked: has the fusion of international influences with the local Chinese design vocabulary in late 20th century China created a distinctive approach to public park design that is novel? If so, how has this taken place, and what does it mean for landscape architecture in China? Case studies provide a focused empirical setting to understand the new design paradigms and they create the foundation for a theory I call hybrid modernization. The study breaks new ground as the first documentation and analysis of the emergence of modern landscape architecture in twentieth century China. It creates a bridge between the literature in China and the west; and it contributes to closing the gap on the history of modern landscape architecture in China.
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Makowski, Hanula Krzysztof. "Late Preceramic Period Public Architecture and the Conceptual Challenge of Andean Urbanism." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113292.
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An analysis of the architecture and spatial organization of the Caral-Chupacigarro complex is compared with Pachacamac and other Central Andean prehispanic settlements and also with Çatal Hüyük in Anatolia. It is concluded that the term "settled ceremonial center" describes these sites better than the term "city". The formal diversity of the architectural spaces that make up these early monumental complexes is explained by the ritual activities carried out at them, including banquets, feasts, dances, offerings, sacrifices, etc. The differences in size, volume, and duration of continuous use of buildings in the same complexes, as well as the ceremonial centers, is believe to have no relationship with the number of permanent settlers at them; rather, it is suggested to be directly proportional to the number of regular visitors, and therefore, to the religious and political prestige of these sites. The construction of monumental ceremonial spaces, jointly used by a single community or by an alliance of several communities, and their maintenance and eventual expansion are, in this context, a mechanism for the materialization of the memory of the ritual kinship relations established and periodically legitimized through shared rituals at these localities.El análisis de la arquitectura y de la organización espacial del complejo Caral-Chupacigarro en comparación con Çatal Hüyük, por un lado, y con Pachacamac y otros asentamientos complejos prehispánicos en los Andes centrales por el otro, lleva al autor a la conclusión de que la expresión "centro ceremonial poblado" describe mejor sus características que el término "ciudad". La diversidad formal de ambientes arquitectónicos de la que se componen los edificios monumentales tempranos se explicaría por las necesidades involucradas en el culto como, por ejemplo, banquetes, ayunos, bailes, ofrendas y sacrificios. Las diferencias en la extensión, volumen construido y duración del uso continuo tanto entre los edificios del mismo complejo como entre diferentes centros ceremoniales no guardan relación proporcional directa con el número de eventuales habitantes permanentes, pero sí con el de la cantidad de visitantes periódicos y, por ende, con su prestigio religioso y político. En este contexto, la construcción del espacio ceremonial y monumental de manera mancomunada por una comunidad o por una alianza de varias comunidades, su mantenimiento y eventuales ampliaciones se constituyen en el mecanismo de materialización de la memoria sobre los lazos de parentesco ritual establecidos por este medio, el que se legitima periódicamente gracias a determinados rituales compartidos.
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Clarke, Paul Richard. "Facies architecture, depositional systems and correlation of Triassic fluvial-lacustrine-marginal marine deposits from Northwestern Europe." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246698.
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Conkir, Esra. "Architectural Elaboration Of The '." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606813/index.pdf.
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This thesis studies the continuity, change and transformation of the Roman domestic architecture in Asia Minor in late antiquity with reference to the social and political dynamics and the urban context of the period. The sample is chosen from the well-preserved and studied houses in Asia Minor, which provide considerable information and insight into the domestic context of the period. In the light of architectural evidence coming from these houses late antique domestic architecture is discussed with a special emphasis on the 'privatization'
and '
elaboration'
of '
public'
within the domestic context.
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Speaks, Elyse Marie Deeb. "The architecture of reception : sculpture and gender in the 1950s and 1960s /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174676.
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Wiederhold, Charles E. T. "Media Theory and Architecture in Rural Places: Dispatch from the Internet Swamp." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522340261779448.
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McEwan, Gordon, Arminda Gibaja, and Melissa Chatfield. "Monumental Architecture of Late Intermediate Period Cuzco: Continuities of Ritual Reciprocity and Statecraft between the Middle and Late Horizons." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113301.
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The culture history of the valley of Cuzco prior to the rise of the Incas is being revealed by twelve years of fieldwork at the site of Chokepukio. Located in the Lucre Basin at the eastern end of the valley, Chokepukio contains the only surviving monumental architecture of Late Intermediate Period Cuzco. Excavations in a series of large niched structures on the site reveals that they functioned as feasting halls. Quantities of polychrome ceramic serving and feasting vessels and high quality sumptuary goods reveal that elite individuals were involved in the rituals and feasts carried out there. The presence of elaborate water works and human burials in the halls seems to suggest that they functioned as lineage halls for feasting ancestors. The plan of the architecture and overall structure of the site together with radiocarbon dating suggests that a complex polity was centered at Chokepukio for three to four centuries between the fall of the Wari Empire and the rise of the Incas. This polity provided an essential continuity of statecraft and preserved infrastructure. The Incas’ meteoric rise was surely due to their genesis in a more politically complex environment than previously believed.El proceso de la historia cultural del valle del Cuzco antes del ascenso de los incas está saliendo a la luz gracias a 12 años de trabajo de campo en el sitio de Chokepukio. Ubicado en la cuenca de Lucre, en el extremo este del valle, Chokepukio contiene la única arquitectura monumental superviviente del Periodo Intermedio Tardío en el Cuzco. Las excavaciones en una serie de grandes estructuras con nichos revelan que estas funcionaron como galpones destinados para rituales y fiestas. La presencia de cantidades de vasijas polícromas de servicio y ceremoniales, así como de bienes suntuarios de alta calidad demuestran que individuos de elite se vieron involucrados en diversos actos rituales y festines realizados en ese lugar. De la misma manera, la presencia de obras hidráulicas elaboradas y entierros humanos en los muros parecen sugerir que estos tuvieron la función de edificios propios de linajes para rendir culto a sus ancestros. El plano de planta de la arquitectura y la estructura general, así como los fechados radiocarbónicos aluden a que una entidad política compleja tuvo su sede en Chokepukio durante tres o cuatro siglos entre la caída del imperio wari y el ascenso de los incas. Esta entidad política proporciona un caso de continuidad esencial en el manejo administrativo y una infraestructura preservada. El ascenso meteórico de los incas se debió, con seguridad, a que su génesis se dio en un ambiente políticamente más complejo de lo que se había creído antes.
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Belgin-henry, Ayse. "Choice And Context In The Late Antique Architecture: Questioning The Cilician Domed Basilicas." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1223874/index.pdf.
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This thesis reviews the architectural context of four churches in western Cilicia. These churches, namely the East Church at Alahan, the Cupola Church at Meryemlik, the Domed Ambulatory Church at Dagpazari, and the Tomb Church at Corycus, have been tentatively grouped by Stephen Hill under the name of Domed Basilicas based on their resemblance to the early 6th century models in Constantinople, the most famous being the Hagia Sophia. However, the dome comes forward in the Constantinopolitan context mainly as a feature in the establishment of a new architectural scheme that integrates a vertical axis into the oblong horizontal axiality of the basilica. Firstly, this thesis suggests that a similar integration visible in the planning of the Cilician churches is the essential point that needs to be studied. This seems to have been ignored by previous research. Consequently, the analytical approach that has concentrated on the possibility of a dome is criticized and a spatial interpretation is attempted. Moreover, as some scholars propose, these provincial examples might be the possible source of influence for the capital, if they are a local model dated to the end of the 5th century. Thus, issues pertaining to function, dating and patronage are overviewed, in order to obtain a wider perspective of interpretation. Finally, the general information concerning the Cilician examples was found to be based on surprisingly scanty and unverifiable physical testimony which points to the urgency and necessity of further fieldwork.
36
Linder, Inge E. "Pilgrimage to the millennium : sacred art and architecture in late twentieth-century France." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342183.
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Armstrong, Naja Regina. "Round temples in Roman architecture of the Republic through the late Imperial period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6bf53ac0-87a0-443c-8daa-f7b710196c4b.
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Roman round temples are usually discussed either in the context of round buildings like baths and mausolea or on a case-by-case basis. Both approaches fail to reveal what makes round temples a distinct architectural type and moreover, what reasons can account for their use throughout the Roman world. By examining round temples from the Republic, when they are first attested, to the early fourth century AD, this thesis aims to explain why the round form had such a lasting appeal. It follows a chronological approach, discussing the evidence for individual temples and situating them within their historical, social, topographical, and architectural contexts. In a comparative analysis, the building components, materials, techniques, decorative details, and proportions employed by round temples are outlined to reveal influences on their design. The round temples discussed in this study are concentrated in Italy, Greece, and Asia Minor. While the earliest examples in Rome draw on Italic traditions, from the late Republic, round temples begin to reflect Greek trends. Greek tholoi and the Greek decorative repertory, balanced by Roman developments in design, have a lasting influence on round temples. Based on tholoi, scholars have assumed that Roman round temples honored Vesta and divinized heroes. While they were celebrated with a few examples, the majority were dedicated to other gods and goddesses. As a result, religious, social, topographical and aesthetic reasons are proposed to explain the enduring appeal of round temples. Like the motivations behind their foundations, the plans, dimensions, and proportional relationships employed by round temples are noted for their diversity. For their individuality and inventive spirit, round temples make a significant contribution to the Roman architectural repertory.
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Belgin-Henry, Ayşe. "Choice and context in the late antique architecture questioning the Cilician "Domed Basilicas" /." [Ankara] : METU, 2003. http://os.osdd.net/index.php/record/view/85508.
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Caroselli, Susan L. "The Casa Marliani and palace building in late Quattrocento Lombardy." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12079575.html.
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Rutkouskaya, Hanna (Hanna Nikolaevna). "Redefining historical Bukhara : professional architectural vision of the national heritage in late Soviet Uzbekistan (1965 - 1991)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72818.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Page 96 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-95).
This thesis focuses on how Bukhara's architectural heritage was interpreted and redefined by local architectural professionals between 1965 and 1991, a period characterized by heightened interest in architectural heritage and increased restoration of monuments. Architectural professionals criticized the earlier Soviet "nihilist" treatment of historical Bukhara in the 1920s-1950s and instead framed their work as an attempt to correct earlier mistakes. This thesis analyzes restoration and architectural projects proposed for Bukhara by examining images and text available in the professional Uzbek SSR architectural journal, Architecture and Construction in Uzbekistan (ACU). Using these journals, this thesis illustrates how architectural professionals engaged in creating new meanings for Bukhara's historical environment, as an important part of the new identity construction shaped in conditions of Soviet nation-building and strengthening Uzbek national sentiment. Increasingly alienated from the Soviet center, local professionals developed a renewed understanding of Bukhara's urban heritage in the 1960s-1970s. Marked by almost utopian excitement, their projects envisioned Bukhara as a place of recreation, leisure, and tourism, that spoke to the larger desire to belong to the modern world by matching the modern role assigned to heritage. With tourism finally possible in the 1980s, Bukhara's historical monuments were subjected to "museum-ification" and prepared for display. The importance of displaying national heritage in late Soviet Uzbekistan was in summary a shy attempt, rehearsal, and preemptor of what was yet to come in the future, when in 1991 trans-republic boundaries were replaced by the contemporary ethnically-defined national borders, and an imaginary other, created as a part of the identity construct in the 1980s, eventually became a real global other.
by Hanna Rutkouskaya.
S.M.
41
Raber, Christianna 1976. "The story of the house I lite system : "Less calories, more taste, your site, your vision... "." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27028.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.MIT Institute Archives copy bound: leaf 20 inserted between leaves 1 and 2.
"lite 1 'smart' I cheap (high quality) 2. open-ended 3 'eco-effective,' lightweight"--footer of every leaf.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-67).
Dwelling is one of architecture's oldest questions. We know it well without realizing it. While there are new technical challenges, dwelling continues to remain a constant need over time. Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen, in her book Achtung Architektur!!, teaches a key lesson that proceeds from the following: Transformation of the image into a functioning and tactile thing emphasizes the Architectural...since works of architecture are not supposed to move. We are a conservative nation, and even more so as we reflect our values onto the facades of our houses. Mobility and Architecture with a capital A have rarely gone together in history. One desires stability in one's house. HOUSE I lite proposes to design a product you can order, build, and then rebuild, as you like: a variety of living choices that arise from a small array of generic parts. Panels plug into matrices. Systems weave smartly into a compact and evolving footprint. There are never two HOUSE I lite dwellings exactly alike. And if they are ever the same, they too will change.
by Christianna Raber.
S.M.
42
Blue, Christina Renee. "Stratigraphic Architecture and Paleogeography of the Juniata Formation, Central Appalachians." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31683.
Full textAbstract:
Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian) strata of the central Appalachians provide an opportunity to study the effects of both tectonics and eustasy within a foreland-basin setting. The Juniata Formation consists of red sandstones, siltstones, and shales that were deposited as part of an extensive siliciclastic basin-fill that resulted from the Taconic Orogeny. This study attempts to resolve some of the questions regarding tectonic and eustatic influences on sedimentation by (1) reconstructing the paleogeographic environment of the Juniata Formation and (2) examining the stratigraphic architecture of the Juniata Formation. A combination of both outcrop and subsurface data was analyzed.Seven facies were identified in this study, including: (1) â proto-vertisolsâ , (2) red shale/mudstone, (3) siltstone/silty mudstone with interbedded sandstones, (4) quartz arenite and sublithic arenite, (5) argillaceous sandstone, (6) hummocky-bedded sandstones and siltstones, and (7) lithic sandstones and conglomerates. These facies are grouped into four facies associations (Aâ D), which are interpreted to be deposited from the inner shelf to the upper shoreface. Isopach and paleocurrent data suggest the shoreline was oriented NEâ SW and detrital sediment was dispersed west and southwest across the basin.
Tectonics controlled the 2nd-Order basin-fill pattern, and these patterns vary along the strike of the basin. Eustatic changes are expressed in two 3rd-Order sequences that were identified in the formation, and possibly in the 4th-Order (?) cycles of Facies Association A. The Ordovicianâ Silurian boundary is expressed as an unconformity throughout the study area, and along-strike variations in the structural setting of the basin were important in its development.
Master of Science
43
Blue, Christina R. "Stratigraphic Architecture and Paleogeography of the Juniata Formation, Central Appalachians." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31683.
Full textAbstract:
Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian) strata of the central Appalachians provide an opportunity to study the effects of both tectonics and eustasy within a foreland-basin setting. The Juniata Formation consists of red sandstones, siltstones, and shales that were deposited as part of an extensive siliciclastic basin-fill that resulted from the Taconic Orogeny. This study attempts to resolve some of the questions regarding tectonic and eustatic influences on sedimentation by (1) reconstructing the paleogeographic environment of the Juniata Formation and (2) examining the stratigraphic architecture of the Juniata Formation. A combination of both outcrop and subsurface data was analyzed.Seven facies were identified in this study, including: (1) â proto-vertisolsâ , (2) red shale/mudstone, (3) siltstone/silty mudstone with interbedded sandstones, (4) quartz arenite and sublithic arenite, (5) argillaceous sandstone, (6) hummocky-bedded sandstones and siltstones, and (7) lithic sandstones and conglomerates. These facies are grouped into four facies associations (Aâ D), which are interpreted to be deposited from the inner shelf to the upper shoreface. Isopach and paleocurrent data suggest the shoreline was oriented NEâ SW and detrital sediment was dispersed west and southwest across the basin.
Tectonics controlled the 2nd-Order basin-fill pattern, and these patterns vary along the strike of the basin. Eustatic changes are expressed in two 3rd-Order sequences that were identified in the formation, and possibly in the 4th-Order (?) cycles of Facies Association A. The Ordovicianâ Silurian boundary is expressed as an unconformity throughout the study area, and along-strike variations in the structural setting of the basin were important in its development.
Master of Science
44
Chiou, B. S. "`Heaven round, earth square' : architectural cosmology in late imperial China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534033.
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McKellar, Elizabeth. "Architectural practice for speculative building in late seventeenth century London." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281699.
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Architectural practice is the study of how people produce architecture - the ways in which they build, the manner in which they organize themselves to do so and the methods by which buildings are both conceived and physically realised. This thesis is concerned with investigating what has been seen as the watershed period between medi~v.al and modem practices. It particularly examines whether the picture of late 17th century development given by John Summerson in 'Georgian London' (1945), still the standard work on the subject, is correct. In order to do this new evidence has been used from the Court of Chancery concerning building and property disputes. The first section 'Development Practice' investigates where and how development was carried out. It shows how the development system was made possible through the freehold/leasehold distinction in English law which allowed for separate interests to exist in the same piece of land. It proves that it was undertaken not primarily by aristocrats, as Summerson thought, but by a new breed of businessmen and entrepreneurs working largely on credit. The next section 'Design Practice' examines the design process for the realisation of these projects. It shows that although the antecedents of the new houses being produced were classical this was not matched by a parallel transformation in design procedures or the understanding of form. Only a very limited use was made of drawings and where they were used, it is argued, this was mainly for contractual or economic purposes. This section challenges conventional notions about the adoption of classicism in this country and its use and tranmission here. In the final section 'Building Practice' the role of the craftsman is examined and is shown to be far more entrepreneurial than conventional interpretations have allowed, with some of them operating as master builders contracting for all trades. It is shown that the new classical house with its regular, standardized parts was perfectly suited to the design, construction and development systems of the day, and that building was a far more capitalistic and commercialized activity by this date than has previously been thought.
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Timmermann, Achim. "Staging the Eucharist : late Gothic sacrament houses in Swabia and on the Upper Rhine." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309509.
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Malik, Hala Bashir. "Enabling and inhibiting urban development : a case study of Lahore Improvement Trust as a late colonial institution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91409.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 140-143).
This thesis examines the Lahore Improvement Trust in relation to the urban development of the city of Lahore in mid-twentieth century. LIT was responsible for most major urban development in the city from 1936 up until 1975, when it metamorphosed into the Lahore Development Authority. However, its impact on Lahore's urban history is surprisingly under-recognized, and this may be due to the relative failure of the body itself in delivering a large part of its mandate, despite being responsible for major morphological changes in the city. The formation of LIT, like other Improvement Trusts in India, was based on a real need for planned urban development of a rapidly expanding city. This thesis argues that the structure of such a body was, however, based on conceptual frameworks that were introduced in India by numerous different British institutions, with the aim of either 'testing out' or for furthering a particular colonial agenda. These inherent structural beliefs were carried through numerous cycles of 'reform' before being applied onto the Improvement Trust network which, this study argues, followed a strict path dependent paradigm in a late colonial institution such as LIT. Using the annual reports of LIT, I show that this was evident in the modus operandi of the body, to the point that despite being able to implement individual projects that can be considered successful to a certain extent, it failed to develop or implement a coherent urban vision. Projects under LIT were fragmented instances in the larger urban morphology of the city, which failed to respond to the more pressing problems in the city. Its failure to register itself as a viable body was further exacerbated by the body's incapability to deal with issues such as housing shortage in the city. This was particularly evident in the face of a major shock as Partition in 1947. A huge influx of migrants from East Punjab and riots within the city that caused major infrastructural damage within the city meant that the deficit of the body carried itself exponentially beyond the event of Partition in 1947. That the Trust exhibited institutional inertia well beyond the Partition in its mode of operating explains the weak progress it made beyond that event, and its eventual dissolution into Lahore Development Authority in 1975. Hence, while most projects implemented by the Trust were moderately successful, the lack of a holistic urban plan, a result of both structural (internal) and situational (external) problems, was where LIT failed to deliver causing it to leave an ineffectual mark on Lahore's urban history.
by Hala Bashir Malik.
S.M.
48
Johnson, Adam Fulton. "American archaeology and the conceptualization of preservation : Edgar Lee Hewett and the crafting of the 1906 Antiquities Act." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65439.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-128).
Edgar Lee Hewett, an amateur archaeologist and pedagogue, came to the Southwestern United States in 1891 and was immediately captured by the monumental prehistoric ruins nestled in the winding canyons of the high desert. Concerned about their destruction, over the next fifteen years Hewett worked to protect these antiquities. In 1906, he successfully drafted federal preservation legislation, the Antiquities Act, which protected the ruins of America's deep past from looting and destruction; at the same time, sites were made available to scientific teams and curious citizens. Balancing scientific and popular interests, Hewett's work as a promoter and advocate of America's prehistoric period ignited an historical consciousness of North America's great "civilizations" of the past, establishing a continuity between pre-Columbian settlements and the present American nation. The continuity was largely materially based, as the monumental architecture of the "ancient ones" was considered on par with that of Egypt. Contemporaneous Native Americans, the descendants of the "ancient ones," however, were seen to have an inferior material culture, and their lineage to the past race was questioned. Their place in the historical continuum was cast in the shadow of progress and it was widely thought Amerindians were destined to fade away. Hewett, in crafting the Antiquities Act, facilitated this historical interpretation through the regulation of access to "prehistoric" ruins and the determination of the qualities worthy of preservation, and laid the groundwork for subsequent "historic" preservation in the United States. In the place of American Indians would emerge a great civilization rising from a rich prehistoric past, a United States with a deep history.
by Adam Fulton Johnson.
S.M.
49
Kully, Deborah Grace. "Speculating on architecture : morality, the new real estate, and the bourgeois apartment industry in late nineteenth-century France." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63061.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-232).
The topic of architecture as a commodity-something that can be possessed and traded-has been largely ignored within the discipline of architectural history, or even written off altogether as an inevitable consequence of modem capitalism. But the history of the commodification of architecture is by no means as simple as it may seem. It has its roots in Haussmann's Paris, and the speculative property market of the 1860s, where we see, for the first time, a complex intermingling of new mortgage structures and residential typologies, the use of standardization, and the proliferation of discourses concerning apartment decoration. The project also treats reactions expressed by architects, aesthetic theorists, and religious and political figures over the course of the Third Republic against speculation practices and their architectural effects. The changes brought by property's increased circulation-the very idea of apartments designed for unknown future occupants-were compounded by the perception of a real estate market held in the grips of commodity culture. The possibility that anyone could own property was unsettling for some political and religious authorities; perhaps even more so was the sense of an assault on the way in which property had traditionally stood as a representation of individuality. Speculative architecture brought about a separation of the subject (the particular owner of an apartment) from its object (the apartment unit now rendered ubiquitous). The powerful critique of modem capitalism and the ostensive ill effects on private life that emerged from all of this was bound up in liberal and Catholic ideologies, as I argue in my dissertation. I look at a set of figures from vastly different professions who, perforce, collectively developed and implemented rules governing finances, architecture, decoration, and, ultimately, human conduct. These include developers like the Saint-Simonien Emile Pdreire, whose experimental Credit Mobilier sponsored standard models for residential architecture, democratized credit, and underwrote the design and construction of thousands of new apartments. These also include taste-makers like Charles Blanc, director of the Academie des beaux-arts, whose works included decoration manuals. And finally, these include politicians such as Frederic Le Play, the Catholic modernist and proto-sociologist who insisted on the connection between private property and morality, and Jules Simon, the conservative republican who linked the security of the family to that of the nation state. The reactionary moralization of design, to be detected in Catholic dogma, metaphysical philosophy, and the republican politics of the time, stands as one of the great unacknowledged precedents for the proselytizing ideology of architectural modernism at the dawn of the twentieth century.
by Deborah Grace Kully.
Ph.D.
50
Podes, Christopher. "AC/DC: Let There Be Hybrid Cooling." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3434.
Full textAbstract:
In today’s increasingly energy conscious society, the methods of providing thermal comfort to humans are constantly under scrutiny. Depending on the climate, and the comfort requirements of the occupants, buildings can be designed to heat and cool occupants with passive methods, as well as mechanical methods. In the subtropics, where buildings often need to be heated in the winter and cooled in the summer, a synthesis of these two methods would be ideal. However, there is a disconnect between the integration of passive cooling and mechanical air conditioning, in subtropical architecture.
A study of user attitudes, based out of Australia, found that, “Central control of temperatures has been used to cut demand by preventing users from altering thermostats and other parts of the building for microclimate control. In particular, windows are sealed to prevent tampering.”1 Reliance on air conditioning has the everyday person convinced that if we save energy in the right places, we can use air conditioning as much as we like. The same study goes on to state, “Air-conditioning has been assumed to replace the need for climate design features in buildings creating poor thermal design and high energy use.”2 This can be most clearly seen in our public buildings. Fully conditioned buildings pump cool air into sealed envelopes, adjusting the thermostat to regulate thermal comfort year-round, often in a climate in which mechanical air conditioning is needed only four months of the year, and during the warmest hours of the day. Inversely, ventilated buildings provide passive cooling in a climate in which the temperature and humidity are often too high for thermal comfort during the same four months of the year.
In his book Natural Ventilation in Buildings, Francis Allard points out that the global energy efficiency movement, begun in the early 1990s, has now emerged as a concept that incorporates active air conditioning and sitespecific climate design of buildings into one holistic approach.3 However, these buildings exist in more dry and temperate climates, and do not fully apply to the subtropics as cooling models. A model is needed for subtropical architecture allowing a building to reach both ends of the spectrum; from natural ventilation, through mechanical ventilation, to mechanical air conditioning. The goal of this thesis is to design a hybrid model for subtropical architecture which maximizes the use of natural and mechanical ventilation, and minimizes the use of mechanical air conditioning. The vehicle for this explanation is the design of an educational facility.
Research of thermal comfort needs for occupants in the subtropics was accompanied with observation studies. This research was compared with case study, site and program analysis. The analysis was supplemented by a handbook of passive and mechanical cooling which was compiled to aid in establishing cooling strategies for the design process. The implementation of the research and analysis was brought to a conclusion that successfully achieved the goals of this thesis. By using passive methods to lower the temperature of the air surrounding the classroom buildings, the incoming air used to cool the occupants reached temperatures low enough to be considered comfortable inside the classrooms.