Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ltnps

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ltnps'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ltnps"

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Rimawi, B. H., R. H. Rimawi, M. Micallef, L. Pinckney, S. L. Fowler, and T. C. Dixon. "Pediatric HIV Long-Term Nonprogressors." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/752312.

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Patients infected with HIV are best categorized along a continuum from rapid progressors to HIV long-term nonprogressors. Long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) are those in which AIDS develop many years after being infected with HIV, often beyond the 10-year mark, and represent 15–20% of the HIV infected patients. Many of these patients are able to control their infection and maintain undetectable viral loads for long periods of time without antiretroviral therapy. After a comprehensive literature search, we found extensive data related to HIV LTNPs in the adult population; however, very limited data was available related to LTNPs within the pediatric population. We present a case of pediatric HIV LTNPs, perinatally infected patient with undetectable viral loads, despite never receiving ART. Although there are not many instances of LTNPs among children, this child may be one, though she had intermittent viremia. She has continued to manifest serologic evidence of infection, with yearly ELISA and western blot positive tests. Based on the viral fitness studies that were performed, this case exemplifies an adolescent LTNP.
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Pushker, Ravindra, Jean-Marc Jacqué, and Denis C. Shields. "Meta-Analysis To Test the Association of HIV-1 nef Amino Acid Differences and Deletions with Disease Progression." Journal of Virology 84, no. 7 (January 13, 2010): 3644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01959-09.

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ABSTRACT Previous relatively small studies have associated particular amino acid replacements and deletions in the HIV-1 nef gene with differences in the rate of HIV disease progression. We tested more rigorously whether particular nef amino acid differences and deletions are associated with HIV disease progression. Amino acid replacements and deletions in patients' consensus sequences were investigated for 153 progressor (P), 615 long-term nonprogressor (LTNP), and 2,311 unknown progressor sequences from 582 subtype B HIV-infected patients. LTNPs had more defective nefs (interrupted by frameshifts or stop codons), but on a per-patient basis there was no excess of LTNP patients with one or more defective nef sequences compared to the Ps (P = 0.47). The high frequency of amino acid replacement at residues S8, V10, I11, A15, V85, V133, N157, S163, V168, D174, R178, E182, and R188 in LTNPs was also seen in permuted datasets, implying that these are simply rapidly evolving residues. Permutation testing revealed that residues showing the greatest excess over expectation (A15, V85, N157, S163, V168, D174, R178, and R188) were not significant (P = 0.77). Exploratory analysis suggested a hypothetical excess of frameshifting in the regions 9SVIG and 118QGYF among LTNPs. The regions V10 and 152KVEEA of nef were commonly deleted in LTNPs. However, permutation testing indicated that none of the regions displayed significantly excessive deletion in LTNPs. In conclusion, meta-analysis of HIV-1 nef sequences provides no clear evidence of whether defective nef sequences or particular regions of the protein play a significant role in disease progression.
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Huang, Lei, Jianning Deng, Ren Lang, Guoyang Liao, and Wei Jiang. "Enriched LPS Staining within the Germinal Center of a Lymph Node from an HIV-Infected Long-Term Nonprogressor but Not from Progressors." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (May 6, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7471380.

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An increased level of microbial translocation has been observed in HIV-infected individuals. The host response to microbial translocation is compromised in HIV-infected progressors but remains unknown in HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). To evaluate microbial translocation in HIV, we assessed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunohistochemistry staining in lymph nodes. We found enriched bacterial LPS immunohistochemistry staining in the germinal center of a lymph node from an HIV-infected LTNP, evenly distributed from three progressors with impaired germinal center structures and rarely detected from two HIV-negative individuals. The impaired germinal center structures were consistent with collagen deposition in lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry staining. These results suggest greater immune responses against bacterial LPS translocation in LTNPs, which may reveal an important mechanism in controlling microbial translocation and disease progression in HIV LTNPs.
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Ogundeyi, MM, OO Oba-Daini, UP Adeniyi, and BI Adenuga. "A case report A Nigerian adolescent with Long term Non-progressive HIV-infection: A case report." Annals of Health Research 6, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0602-13-86.

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Children infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be rapid progressors or be at the end of the spectrum of the illness as Long-term Non-progressors (LTNPs). Long term non-progressors are patients who never received Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) during the first decade of life and are maintaining good CD4+ count associated with declining HIV RNA values. The literature on paediatric patients with LTNP infection is sparse. An adolescent with HIV LTNP and likely vertical transmission of HIV is presented in this report. She presented with chronic cough, severe anaemia and dyspnea. She was wasted with bodyweight less than the 5th centile for age. She was not sexually active and had no history of blood transfusion, scarification, incisions or sharing of sharp grooming objects. The results of investigations suggested pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection. Her CD4 count was 42%. She was commenced on HAART and subsequently, anti-tuberculosis medications according to NTBLCP/DOTS Programme with improvement in symptoms and appreciable weight gain. Therefore routine voluntary HIV testing is recommended for all paediatric admission after consent or assent is obtained bearing in mind that a small subset of patients may fall into the LTNPs population.
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Mendoza, Daniel, Sarah A. Johnson, Bennett A. Peterson, Ven Natarajan, Maria Salgado, Robin L. Dewar, Peter D. Burbelo, et al. "Comprehensive analysis of unique cases with extraordinary control over HIV replication." Blood 119, no. 20 (May 17, 2012): 4645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-10-381996.

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Abstract True long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs)/elite controllers (ECs) maintain durable control over HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy. Herein we describe 4 unique persons who were distinct from conventional LTNPs/ECs in that they had extraordinarily low HIV burdens and comparatively weak immune responses. As a group, typical LTNPs/ECs have unequivocally reactive HIV-1 Western blots, viral loads below the lower threshold of clinical assays, low levels of persistent viral reservoirs, an over-representation of protective HLA alleles, and robust HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. The 4 unique cases were distinguished from typical LTNPs/ECs based on weakly reactive Western blots, undetectable plasma viremia by a single copy assay, extremely low to undetectable HIV DNA levels, and difficult to isolate replication-competent virus. All 4 had at least one protective HLA allele and CD8+ T-cell responses that were disproportionately high for the low antigen levels but comparatively lower than those of typical LTNPs/ECs. These unique persons exhibit extraordinary suppression over HIV replication, therefore, higher-level control than has been demonstrated in previous studies of LTNPs/ECs. Additional insight into the full spectrum of immune-mediated suppression over HIV replication may enhance our understanding of the associated mechanisms, which should inform the design of efficacious HIV vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Michel, Katherine Gisella, Bing Ma, Kathleen Weber, Leah McClellan, Anandi Sheth, Stephen Gange, Audrey French, Jacques Ravel, Igho Ofotokun, and Daniel Merenstein. "4117 UNIQUE VAGINAL MICROBIOME POPULATIONS AND MICROBIAL GENE CONTENT AMONG WOMEN WHO NATURALLY CONTROL HIV PROGRESSION." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.102.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The role of the vaginal microbiome (VM) in HIV disease progression is poorly understood. We examined VMs of HIV+ Elite Controllers (ECs) and HIV+ Long-Term Non-Progressors (LTNPs) compared to controls: HIV-positive antiretroviral (ARV) treated (HIV+ATs) and HIV-negative women in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (DC/Chicago/Atlanta sites). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: VMs were surveyed via both V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenomics sequencing in 67 women across 4 study groups: 1) LTNPs (CD4 >500 cells/mL for 5+ years without ARVs) (n = 7) and 2) ECs (HIV RNA <80 copies/mL for 2+ years without ARVs) (n = 8), matched with 3) HIV+ ATs (on ARVs for ≥1 year with CD4 increase ≥100 cells/mm3) (n = 34), and 4) HIV- women (n = 18). Metagenomes were characterized from specimens collected at two time points: 1) vaginal swabs collected 2016-2017 (n = 62) and 2) cervicovaginal lavage collected 2002-2016 (n = 35; DC/Chicago only). We used VIRGO (human vaginal non-redundant gene catalog), a newly developed referencing framework to comprehensively catalog VM gene content, taxonomy and functions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Women were 89% African American with a mean age of 46 years (SD 8.8). The most prevalent species were Gardnerella vaginalis (predominant in 34%), Lactobacillus iners (predominant in 21%), and L. crispatus (predominant in 14%). 90% of LTNP and 45% of EC samples were Lactobacillus-dominant vs. 28% of HIV- and 30% of HIV+ATs. L. crispatus and L. iners in ECs/LTNPs had significantly different gene content and greater gene richness vs. controls. G. vaginalis-predominant communities were found in 66% of HIV- and 68% of HIV+ATs, compared to 46% of EC and 0% of LTNP. The G. vaginalis strains present in EC/LTNP also showed significantly lower gene richness and different gene content vs. controls. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results suggest unique VM communities among EC/LTNP, and led us to hypothesize that differential regulation of vaginal immunity drives the observed differences. The similarity between VMs of HIV- and HIV+ATs warrants further study. Larger longitudinal VM studies are needed to assess associated functional pathways and understand the etiology of VM association with HIV progression. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Tobiume, Minoru, Mikako Takahoko, Takeshi Yamada, Masashi Tatsumi, Aikichi Iwamoto, and Michiyuki Matsuda. "Inefficient Enhancement of Viral Infectivity and CD4 Downregulation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef from Japanese Long-Term Nonprogressors." Journal of Virology 76, no. 12 (June 15, 2002): 5959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.12.5959-5965.2002.

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ABSTRACT It has been reported that patients infected with nef-defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) do not progress to AIDS; however, mutations that abrogate Nef expression are not common in long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). We postulated that Nef function might be impaired in LTNPs, irrespective of the presence or absence of detectable amino acid sequence anomalies. To challenge this hypothesis we compared in vitro function of nef alleles that were derived from three groups of Japanese patients: LTNPs, progressors, and asymptomatic carriers (ACs). The patient-derived nef alleles were subcloned into a nef-defective infectious HIV-1 molecular clone and an expression vector. We first examined Nef-dependent enhancement of infection in a single-round infectivity assay by the use of MAGNEF cells, in which Nef is required more strictly for the infection than in the parent MAGI cells. All nef alleles from LTNPs showed reduced enhancement in the infectivity of nef-defective HIV-1 mutants compared to the nef alleles of progressors or ACs. Second, we found that nef alleles from LTNPs were less efficient in CD4 downregulation than those of progressors or ACs. Third, all nef alleles from LTNPs, progressors, and ACs reduced the cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I to a similar level. Last, there was no correlation between Hck-binding activity of Nef and clinical grouping. In conclusion, we detected inefficient enhancement of HIV-1 infectivity and CD4 downregulation by HIV-1 nef alleles of LTNPs. It awaits further study to conclude that these characteristics of nef alleles are the cause or the consequence of the long-term nonprogression after HIV-1 infection.
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Jiang, Yongjun, Xiaojian Cui, Chen Cui, Jian Zhang, Fangyuan Zhou, Zining Zhang, Yajing Fu, et al. "The Function of CD3+CD56+NKT-Like Cells in HIV-Infected Individuals." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/863625.

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CD3+CD56+NKT-like cells are one of the critical effectors in the immune response to viral infection and tumors, but the functional features of NKT-like cells in HIV infection have been rarely reported. In this study, we observed and described the state of NKT-like cell functions in primary HIV-infected individuals (PHIs), chronic HIV-infected individuals (CHIs), long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), and HIV-negative controls (NCs). The results showed that the percentage of IFN-γ+CD3+CD56+NKT-like cells was notably higher in LTNPs compared with CHIs, and the proportion of CD3+CD56+NKT-like cells with dual function (IFN-γ+CD107a+NKT-like cells) in LTNPs was also much higher than in CHIs. Additionally, the percentages of IFN-γ+CD107a+NKT-like cells negatively correlated with viral load. Taken together, our data demonstrated that good functions of CD3+CD56+NKT-like cells in LTNPs likely occurred as a protective mechanism that slows down HIV disease progression.
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Zhang, Ji-Yuan, Zheng Zhang, Xicheng Wang, Jun-Liang Fu, Jinxia Yao, Yanmei Jiao, Liangen Chen, et al. "PD-1 up-regulation is correlated with HIV-specific memory CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in typical progressors but not in long-term nonprogressors." Blood 109, no. 11 (June 1, 2007): 4671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-09-044826.

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Abstract The immunoreceptor PD-1 is significantly up-regulated on exhausted CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infections such as HIV-1. However, it remains unknown whether PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells differs between typical progressors (TPs) and long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). In this report, we examined PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from 63 adults with chronic HIV infection. We found that LTNPs exhibited functional HIV-specific memory CD8+ T cells with markedly lower PD-1 expression. TPs, in contrast, showed significantly up-regulated PD-1 expression that was closely correlated with a reduction in CD4 T-cell number and an elevation in plasma viral load. Importantly, PD-1 up-regulation was also associated with reduced perforin and IFN-γ production, as well as decreased HIV-specific effector memory CD8+ T-cell proliferation in TPs but not LTNPs. Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interactions efficiently restored HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell effector function and proliferation. Taken together, these findings confirm the hypothesis that high PD-1 up-regulation mediates HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may represent a new therapeutic option for this disease and provide more insight into immune pathogenesis in LTNPs.
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de Quiros, Juan Carlos Lopez Bernaldo, W. Lesley Shupert, Andrew C. McNeil, Juan C. Gea-Banacloche, Mark Flanigan, Ann Savage, Lisa Martino, et al. "Resistance to Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in SCID-Hu Mice Engrafted with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Nonprogressors Is Mediated by CD8+T Cells and Associated with a Proliferative Response to p24 Antigen." Journal of Virology 74, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 2023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.4.2023-2028.2000.

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ABSTRACT High levels of resistance to challenge with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SF162 were observed in animals engrafted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). Resistance was abrogated by depletion of CD8+ T cells in vivo and was observed only in LTNPs with proliferative responses to p24. In a subgroup of nonprogressors, CD8+ T cells mediated restriction of challenge viruses, and this response was associated with strong proliferative responses to p24 antigen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ltnps"

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van, Bockel David John Clinical School St Vincent's Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Qualitative analysis of T-cell repertoire for relevance to non-progressive HIV infection." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - St Vincent's Hospital, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41304.

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Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are important for the control of viral replication during HIV infection, however the magnitude and breadth of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response does not correlate well. The purpose for this study was the examination of the HLA-B*2705-specific CD8+ T-cell response to the KRWIILGLNK (KK10) epitope as a definitive model of immune control over HIV replication. The breadth of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was determined for an association between the qualitative nature of this response and immune escape and therefore, disease progression. Methodology was developed and validated for TCR repertoire analysis in formaldehyde fixed antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells. The TCR repertoire for the KK10-specific CD8+ T-cell response was defined in cross-section and longitudinally for 6 HLA-B*2705+ patients. Comparison was made to cognate HLA-A*0201 CMV NV9 and HLA-B*2705 EBV RL9-specific CD8+ T-cell populations using the Simpson??s diversity index and the Morisita-Horn similarity index for standardized repertoire analysis. HLA-B*2705 KK10-specific TCR repertoire was not found to be a determinant of control. Greater clonotype variation was found within CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell populations, suggesting an association with reactivation of CMV and disease state. An association was found between KK10-specific population diversity and the prevalence of cognate KK10 epitope in vivo. Cross-reactivity observed for dominant KK10-specific clonotypes suggested that avidity of CD8+ T-cells was important for in vivo survival. Phenotype and function was tested through multiparameter analysis of HIV and CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells. Increased frequency of CD127 (IL-7R) and Bcl-2 expression within dominant populations was suggestive of selective advantage. Division of dominant and sub-dominant CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell populations into ??early?? and ??late?? differentiation phenotypes indicated virus-specific mechanisms of clonotype turn over. No simple association of TCR expression was found for HIV and CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells with published examples of definitive TCR bias. Over-represented TCR ??-chain families of patients were found in association with public clonotypes. Convergent recombination of TCR genes was demonstrated as a mechanism for the prevalence of shared clonotypes. Standardized assessment of T-cell repertoire successfully identified mechanisms of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell recruitment. A substantial increase in sample numbers is required before this methodology can be used to accurately demonstrate the importance of TCR repertoire usage in the control of human viral infection.
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Lucas, Karen Rae, and karen lucas@rmit edu au. "The Effects of Latent Myofascial Trigger Points on Muscle Activation Patterns During Scapular Plane Elevation." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080408.144402.

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Despite a paucity of experimental evidence, clinical opinion remains that though LTrPs allow pain-free movement, they are primarily associated with deleterious motor effects and occur commonly in 'healthy' muscles. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LTrPs on the muscle activation patterns (MAPs) of key shoulder girdle muscles during scapular plane elevation of the arm in the unloaded, loaded and fatigued states. In connection with the main aim, a preliminary study was carried out to examine the frequency with which LTrPs occur in the scapular positioning muscles in a group of normal subjects. After establishing intra-examiner reliability for the clinical examination process, 154 healthy subjects volunteered to be screened for normal shoulder girdle function, then undergo a physical examination for LTrPs in the trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, serratus anterior and the pectoralis minor muscles bilaterally. Of these 'healthy' subjects, 89.8% had at least one LTrP in the scapular positioning muscles (mean=10.65 ± 6.8, range=1-27), with serratus anterior and upper trapezius harbouring the most LTrPs on average (2.46 ± 1.8 and 2.36 ± 1.3 respectively). Consistent with clinical opinion, this study found that LTrPs occur commonly in the scapular positioning muscles. To investigate the motor effects of LTrPs, surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the timing of muscle activation of the upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior (upward scapular rotators), the infraspinatus (rotator cuff) and middle deltoid (arm abductor). These studies found that LTrPs housed in the scapular upward rotator muscles affected the timing of activation and increased the variability of the activation times of this muscle group and were also associated with altered timing of activation in the functionally related but LTrP-free infraspinatus and middle deltoid. Compared with the control group (all muscles LTrP-free), the MAPs of the LTrP group appeared to be sub-optimal, particularly in relation to preserving the subacromial space and the loading of the rotator cuff muscles. After the initial sEMG evaluations, the LTrP subjects were randomly assigned to one of two interventions: superficial dry needling (SDN) followed by post-isometric relaxation (PIR) stretching to remove LTrP s or sham ultrasound, to act as a placebo treatment where LTrPs remained. Where LTrPs were removed, a subsequent sEMG evaluation found MAPs to be similar to the control group in most of the experimental conditions investigated. Of particular note, when LTrPs had been treated and the subjects repeated the fatiguing protocol, the resultant MAP showed no significant difference with that of the control group in the rested state, suggesting treating LTrPs was associated with an improved response to fatigue induced by repetitive overhead movements. In conclusion, the findings indicate that LTrPs commonly occur in scapular positioning muscles and have deleterious effects on MAPs employed to perform scapular plane elevation and thus affect motor control mechanisms. Treating LTrPs with SDN and PIR stretching increases pressure-pain thresholds, removes associated taut bands and at least transiently optimises the MAP during scapular plane elevation. Discussion includes possible neuromuscular pathophysiology that might explain these results.
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Saharinen, Juha. "Interactions of small latent transforming growth factor-betas with their binding proteins, LTBPs." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/haart/vk/saharinen/.

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Kumari, Khushbu [Verfasser], and Dirk [Gutachter] Becker. "The role of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) during the fertilization process in Arabidopsis thaliana / Khushbu Kumari ; Gutachter: Dirk Becker." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226669492/34.

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Sá, Júnior Euridson de. "Mercado secundário de títulos públicos: microestrutura, liquidez e spread de compra e venda para o mercado de LTNs no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/1773.

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This work comprises two parts. First part, it discusses and compares liquidity and market microstructure aspects from government securities in some countries as Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Korea, Poland and United States. The analyses uses some microstructure dimensions like the liquidity from secondary market (bid and ask spread, turnover to average outstanding stock and most important maturity), the efficiency costs, infrastructure and transparency from primary and secondary market and the market security. The goal is to describe the microstructure of secondary markets from theses countries and to compare with the microstructure of Brazilian secondary markets. Despite of low tenor from government securities the Brazilian secondary market presents microstructure like those countries that suggested other reasons avoiding enlarge tenors from prefixed securities. The second part of this work examines the liquidity of the local secondary market for the Brazilian government securities between 2003 to 2006 and the determinants of realized bid-ask spreads for secondary market of the LTNs – Letras do Tesouro Nacional between 2005 to 2006. The spreads were calculated from daily basis with high frequency database for 30 minutes period and one-day period. Overall, the liquidity is an important determinant of the realized bid-ask spread for the LTN market. Specifically, the bid-ask spread decreases when the volume increases. The bid-ask spread increases in the remaining-time-to-maturity of LTN. LTNs up to 30 days tenor presented average bid-ask spreads around 1 cents of reais (1.89 bp) and LTNs with two years tenor presented average bid-ask spreads around 54 cents of reais (3.84 bp) for 30 minutes period and 81 cents of reais (5.72 bp) for one day period. The econometric tests were performed based on a model presented by Chakravarty e Sarkar (1999) applied to USA bonds markets for the years 1995 to 1997. The tests were estimated by Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique. Our estimation and evaluation of liquidity measures for the Brazilian government securities market reveal that the simple bid-ask spread is a useful measure for assessing and tracking liquidity.
Este trabalho está dividido em dois ensaios. O primeiro ensaio examina aspectos da liquidez do mercado secundário de títulos públicos no Brasil no período 2003 a 2006 e os determinantes do spread de compra e venda no mercado secundário de LTN - Letra do Tesouro Nacional no período 2005 a 2006. Os spreads foram calculados com base em dados diários de alta freqüência, para períodos de 30 minutos e de um dia. Em linhas gerais, a liquidez é um determinante importante no cálculo do spread. Especificamente os spreads diminuem quando os volumes ofertados aumentam. No caso dos prazos de vencimento, os spreads aumentam quando os prazos se ampliam. LTNs com prazos de vencimentos até 30 dias apresentaram spreads de 1 centavo de reais (1.89 bp) enquanto que LTNs com prazos acima de dois anos apresentaram spreads médios em torno de 54 centavos de reais (3.84 bp) para intervalos de 30 minutos e 81 centavos de reais (5.72 bp) para intervalos de um dia. Os testes econométricos foram realizados com base em um modelo apresentado por Chakravarty e Sarkar (1999) e aplicado ao mercado americano de bonds no período de 1995 e 1997. Os testes foram feitos utilizando-se a técnica do Método dos Momentos Generalizados (GMM). Os resultados confirmam o spread de compra e venda como medida importante no acompanhamento da liquidez. O segundo ensaio compara aspectos da liquidez e da microestrutura do mercado de títulos públicos em alguns paises como Brasil, Chile, México, Coréia, Singapura, Polônia e Estados Unidos. A análise utiliza algumas dimensões da microestrutura como a liquidez do mercado secundário (spread de compra e venda, giro do estoque de títulos e vencimentos mais negociados), os custos de eficiência, a estrutura e transparência do mercado primário e secundário e, por último, a segurança do mercado. O objetivo é comparar as características e o funcionamento dos mercados secundários desses paises e, confrontar com a realidade do mercado brasileiro face ao desenvolvimento da microestrutura. Apesar da falta de alongamento dos prazos dos títulos públicos, o mercado secundário no Brasil apresenta aspectos da microestrutura semelhantes aos paises em consideração o que sugere a existência de outros fatores fora a microestrutura que limitam o aumento dos prazos. Os resultados do primeiro ensaio ajudam nas comparações dos demais paises. Como resultado, encontramos que embora a liquidez do mercado secundário de títulos públicos no Brasil concentra-se em papéis de prazo menor, este fato provavelmente não se deve a questões de microestrutura do mercado.
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Valcke, Han Sang. "Étude du dysfonctionnement du compartiment des cellules B chez des patients à différents stades d’infection par le virus d’immunodéficience humaine (VIH)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3556.

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Les anomalies phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des lymphocytes B (LB) sont typiques d'une infection au VIH et se traduisent principalement par une activation polyclonale, une perte de la mémoire immunitaire ainsi qu'une réponse humorale déficiente et des phénomènes auto-immunitaires souvent précurseurs de lymphomes B. Ces anomalies se retrouvent principalement chez les patients lors de la phase chronique de la maladie et semblent être reliées en partie au niveau de la charge virale ainsi qu'à un compartiment de lymphocytes T CD4+ altéré. Cependant, quoique controversé, des éléments d’activation polyclonale ont également été observés chez les non-progresseurs à long terme (LTNPs) qui présentent une charge virale faible et un compartiment T CD4+ semblable aux individus séronégatifs. Ainsi, les objectifs principaux de cette étude sont 1) d’établir une chronologie des anomalies du compartiment des cellules B chez des individus infectés par le VIH qui ont une progression différente de la maladie (PHI normaux, rapides, sains et LTNP). 2) corréler les niveaux sériques du stimulateur de lymphocytes B (BLyS), un facteur de croissance des cellules B, avec les phénotypes observés chez ces mêmes patients. L’hyperglobulinémie, les niveaux sériques de BLyS et d’auto-anticorps ont été mesuré longitudinalement chez une cohorte d’individus en primo-infection (PHI) avec des progressions différentes de la maladie (rapides et normaux), LTNP et sujets sains. Nos résultats démontrent que l’activation polyclonale des LB survient indépendamment de la vitesse de progression et persiste chez les LTNP ou malgré une thérapie antirétrovirale efficace chez les progresseurs rapides. Des niveaux élevés de BLyS dans le sérum des progresseurs rapides corrèlent avec des fréquences altérées de monocytes et cellules dendritiques, suggérant un rôle de celles-ci dans l’atteinte du compartiment des cellules B.
B lymphocyte abnormalities are an important consequence of HIV infection, where both polyclonal activation and loss of B cell memory and humoral immunity have been described, and often evolve towards rheumatic-like autoimmunity and lymphoma. Although these abnormalities are prevalent in chronically infected patients, polyclonal B cell activation is also reported in patients with primary HIV-infection (PHI), who already present signs of defective humoral immunity. Although controversial, elements of B cell dysregulation have been reported in long term non progressor (LTNP) patients, even though they bear low viral loads and present a relatively "normal" CD4+ T cell compartment, suggesting that other factors are involved. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to 1) establish a timeline for specific B cell abnormalities in HIV-infected patients with different rates of disease progression (PHI normal and fast progressors, LTNP), and controls 2) to correlate serum levels of the B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) a B cell growth factor, among these patients and controls. Thus we have longitudinally assessed hyperglobulinemia, auto-antibody and soluble BLyS levels in the serum of subjects undergoing primary HIV infection (PHI) with different rates of disease progression; rapid and normal progressors, long term non-progressors (LTNPs), and healthy donors. Here, we report that B cell polyclonal activation occurs independently of the rate of disease progression, with hypergammaglobulinemia persisting beyond successful therapy in rapid progressors and despite non-progressing clinical disease in LTNPs. High levels of BLyS in the serum of PHI rapid progressors correlate with altered blood monocyte and dendritic cell frequencies suggesting their contribution in triggering B cell dysregulations.
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Tu, Wei-Chen, and 涂維珍. "Improvement of LTPS Photo Detector." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49134402070105154794.

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碩士
國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
95
Novel LTPS PIN photo detectors with low dark current and high sensitivity have been developed. Dual gate insulator including TEOS and SiNx layer are employed to enhance hydrogen level which can effectively repair defects in the poly-Si thin film and in turn reduces dark current level in the PIN device. To increase photo responsibility, structural layer on top of the photo-detector is designed to reduce light loss. A hollow region is etched and filled with ITO to enhance light penetration to the depletion region. Bias voltage added to the ITO electrode is demonstrated to increase the depletion region of the device, which lead to better photo responsibility. By the above methods, we successfully develop a high performance PIN diode.
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Ho, Meng Hsiu, and 何孟修. "LTPS TFTs Etching process improvement analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x65uw4.

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Wu, Shi-Min, and 吳細閔. "Readout circuit for LTPS TFT capacitive fingerprint sensor." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64658028702668125226.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
電機工程學系
93
Abstract In recent years, the need for user authentication on personal portable information products to guarantee the security of use becomes an emergent demand. Fingerprint can offer a convenience and reliable way to replace traditional password or personal identification number. A capacitive fingerprint sensor acquires the fingerprint image by detecting capacitance changes induced by fingerprint surface. It can also easily combine with semiconductor process to achieve small volume and low cost. In this thesis, we will present a readout circuit for capacitive fingerprint sensor array fabricated by low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) process. By using the TSMC 0.35μm Mixed-Signal 2P4M CMOS process provided by Chip Implementation Center, two readout circuit for 4×4 pixels and 30×30 pixels of two-dimensional array have been designed. The CMOS readout circuit chip and the LTPS capacitive sensor array chip are wire-bonded together on a printed circuit board for system integration and testing. The designed chips work at a single 5V power supply and a 2MHz clock. The sensor array can detect the capacitance range from 0fF to 600fF.
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Lin, Zsung-Chun, and 林宗儁. "A Study of LTPS TFTs Degradation Under Dynamic Stress." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93157925025020861206.

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碩士
國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
101
In the last few years Low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors, due to it's excellent device characteristics has been widely used in small-to-medium display panel. Recent years, Low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors with high carrier mobilities allows for the realization of complementary circuit technology. As device miniaturized, panel aperture ratio, power consumption, the quality and resolution can be further improved. Integrating the driving circuits on the glass, so that the panel also has a narrow frame with higher imaging characteristics. Therefore, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon becomes the mainstream technology for small-to-medium size displays. The reliability of the panel between the performance of the system panel, peripheral drive circuit is critical to the LTPS technology , Long-term operation in the environment of high voltage or high current ,can greatly affected the transistor’s stability. As the size of transistor is shrinking , devices will experience ever more severe hot carrier effects (Hot Carrier Effect), self-heating effects (Self-Heating Effect) leading to even worse reliability. This study investigates the degradation behavior of the low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors when operate in AC pulse signal. Devices stressed under different temperature, frequency, Duty cycle resulting in different deteriorating characteristics are discussed and analyzed comprehensively.
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Books on the topic "Ltnps"

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Beckerle, Klaus. Die Abmahnung: Wirksam und korrekt umsetzen : [die ha ufigsten Abmahnungstatbesta nde ; mit 35 Abmahnungsmustern zu konkreten Fa llen auf CD-ROM]. 2nd ed. Freiburg: Haufe, 2009.

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Atlantische Zivilisation und transatlantisches Verha ltnis: Politische Idee und Wirklichkeit. Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. fu r Sozialwiss., 2006.

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Otto, Hans-Uwe. Die andere Seite der Bildung: Zum Verha ltnis von formellen und informellen Bildungsprozessen. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. fu r Sozialwiss., 2008.

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Hennings, Antje. U ber das Verha ltnis von multinationalen Unternehmen zu Menschenrechten: Eine Bestandsaufnahme aus juristischer Perspektive. Go ttingen: Univ.-Verl., 2009.

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Schluss, Henning. Religio se Bildung im o ffentlichen Interesse: Analysen zum Verha ltnis von Pa dagogik und Religion. Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. fu r Sozialwiss., 2010.

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Fischer, Daniel. U ber das Verha ltnis von Zahl und Wirklichkeit: Der Umgang mit statistischem Wissen im massenmedialen Diskurs. Wiesbaden: VS Research, 2009.

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Republic), Germany (Federal. Arbeitsgesetze, mit den wichtigsten Bestimmungen zum Arbeitsverha ltnis, Ku ndigungsrecht, Arbeitsschutzrecht, Berufsbildungsrecht, Tarifrecht, Betriebsverfassungsrecht, Mitbestimmungsrecht und Verfahrensrecht. 4th ed. (Mu nchen): Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1990.

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Parker, Robert E. Flesh peddlers and warm bodies: The temporary help industry and its workers. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1993.

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Reflections on anger: Women and men in a changing society. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1999.

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Pritzkow, Sebastian. Das vo lkerrechtliche Verha ltnis zwischen der EU und Russland im Energiesektor: Eine Untersuchung unter Beru cksichtigung der vorla ufigen Anwendung des Energiecharta-Vertrages durch Russland = International law aspects of EU-Russia energy relations. Berlin [u.a.]: Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ltnps"

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Nishibe, Tohru, and Hiroki Nakamura. "Recent SOG (System-on-Glass) Development Based on LTPS Technology." In Mobile Displays, 369–83. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470994641.ch13.

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Jin, Beop Jong, Joo Yeol Lee, and Jae Sang Ro. "Annealing Behavior after Ion Shower Doping for the Fabrication of LTPS-TFTs." In Solid State Phenomena, 231–34. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.231.

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Li, Y., and C. S. Wang. "A SPICE-Compatible Mobility Function for Excimer Laser Annealed LTPS TFT Analog Circuit Simulation." In Scientific Computing in Electrical Engineering, 351–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32862-9_50.

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Rifai, H. S., M. Ling, C. J. Newell, S. L. Ita, and M. Faile. "Development of decision support tools for designing Long Term Monitoring Plans (LTMPs)." In Groundwater 2000, 337–38. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078593-166.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ltnps"

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Paetzel, Rainer, Ludolf Herbst, and Frank Simon. "Laser annealing of LTPS." In Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Tatsuo Okada, Craig B. Arnold, Michel Meunier, Andrew S. Holmes, David B. Geohegan, Frank Träger, and Jan J. Dubowski. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.659082.

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Park, Kwon-Shik, Saeroonter Oh, Pilsang Yun, Jong Uk Bae, and In Byeong Kang. "Prospects of oxide TFTs approaching LTPS." In 2015 22nd International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/am-fpd.2015.7173254.

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Donadello, Ivan, Luciano Serafini, and Artur d'Avila Garcez. "Logic Tensor Networks for Semantic Image Interpretation." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/221.

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Semantic Image Interpretation (SII) is the task of extracting structured semantic descriptions from images. It is widely agreed that the combined use of visual data and background knowledge is of great importance for SII. Recently, Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) approaches have been developed for reasoning under uncertainty and learning in the presence of data and rich knowledge. Logic Tensor Networks (LTNs) are a SRL framework which integrates neural networks with first-order fuzzy logic to allow (i) efficient learning from noisy data in the presence of logical constraints, and (ii) reasoning with logical formulas describing general properties of the data. In this paper, we develop and apply LTNs to two of the main tasks of SII, namely, the classification of an image's bounding boxes and the detection of the relevant part-of relations between objects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful application of SRL to such SII tasks. The proposed approach is evaluated on a standard image processing benchmark. Experiments show that background knowledge in the form of logical constraints can improve the performance of purely data-driven approaches, including the state-of-the-art Fast Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Fast R-CNN). Moreover, we show that the use of logical background knowledge adds robustness to the learning system when errors are present in the labels of the training data.
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Chou, Cheng-Wei, Pei-Yun Wang, Chin-Wei Hu, York Chang, Ching-Sang Chuang, and Yusin Lin. "Reliable 6 PEP LTPS device for AMOLED's." In SPIE Organic Photonics + Electronics, edited by Franky So and Chihaya Adachi. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2027031.

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Fortunato, G., L. Maiolo, F. Maita, A. Minotti, S. Mirabella, V. Strano, G. Metta, D. Ricci, and A. Pecora. "LTPS TFT technology on flexible substrates for sensor applications." In 2014 21st International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/am-fpd.2014.6867206.

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Jiang, Wei, Qi Shan, Huaisheng Wang, Dongli Zhang, and Mingxiang Wang. "Degradation of flexible LTPS TFTs under repetitive bending stress." In 2018 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Design for Thin-Film Transistors (CAD-TFT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cad-tft.2018.8608098.

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Kim, Soo Youn, Selin Baytok, and Kaushik Roy. "Scaled LTPS TFTs for low-cost low-power applications." In 2011 International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2011.5770812.

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Li, Bin, Xiangyuan Yin, Wei Jiang, Mingxiang Wang, Dongli Zhang, and Huaisheng Wang. "Reliability of Flexible LTPS TFTs under Dynamic Mechanical Stress." In 2020 IEEE 15th International Conference on Solid-State & Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsict49897.2020.9278395.

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Paetzel, Rainer. "Excimer Laser Annealing for LTPS on Large Glass Substrates." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2015.am2k.4.

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Wang, Longyan, Zhengyong Zhu, Zhanjie Ma, Hui Zhu, Xiujian Zhu, and Xiaoyu Gao. "Design Considerations of LTPS TFT Pixel Circuit for AMOLED Display." In 2018 9th International Conference on Computer Aided Design for Thin-Film Transistors (CAD-TFT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cad-tft.2018.8608056.

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