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Journal articles on the topic 'Lumbar motor activity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Dewolf, A. H., Y. P. Ivanenko, K. E. Zelik, F. Lacquaniti, and P. A. Willems. "Differential activation of lumbar and sacral motor pools during walking at different speeds and slopes." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 2 (2019): 872–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00167.2019.

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Organization of spinal motor output has become of interest for investigating differential activation of lumbar and sacral motor pools during locomotor tasks. Motor pools are associated with functional grouping of motoneurons of the lower limb muscles. Here we examined how the spatiotemporal organization of lumbar and sacral motor pool activity during walking is orchestrated with slope of terrain and speed of progression. Ten subjects walked on an instrumented treadmill at different slopes and imposed speeds. Kinetics, kinematics, and electromyography of 16 lower limb muscles were recorded. The

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Anglister, Lili, Meir Cherniak, and Aharon Lev-Tov. "Ascending pathways that mediate cholinergic modulation of lumbar motor activity." Journal of Neurochemistry 142 (August 2017): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14065.

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3

Marich, Andrej V., Vanessa M. Lanier, Gretchen B. Salsich, Catherine E. Lang, and Linda R. Van Dillen. "Immediate Effects of a Single Session of Motor Skill Training on the Lumbar Movement Pattern During a Functional Activity in People With Low Back Pain: A Repeated-Measures Study." Physical Therapy 98, no. 7 (2018): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzy044.

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Abstract Background People with low back pain (LBP) may display an altered lumbar movement pattern of early lumbar motion compared to people with healthy backs. Modifying this movement pattern during a clinical test decreases pain. It is unknown whether similar effects would be seen during a functional activity. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the lumbar movement patterns before and after motor skill training, effects on pain, and characteristics that influenced the ability to modify movement patterns. Design The design consisted of a repeated-measures study examining earl

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4

Nakayama, Kiyomi, Hiroshi Nishimaru, and Norio Kudo. "Rhythmic Motor Activity in Thin Transverse Slice Preparations of the Fetal Rat Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (2004): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01029.2003.

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Networks generating locomotor-like rhythmic motor activity are formed during the last week of the fetal period in the rat spinal cord. We investigated the coordinated rhythmic motor activity induced in transverse slice preparations of the lumbar spinal cord taken from fetal rats as early as embryonic day (E) 16.5. In slices as thin as 100 μm, bath-application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced rhythmic [Ca2+]i elevations in motoneurons labeled with Calcium Green-1 dextran. The rhythmic [Ca2+]i elevations were similar in frequency to that in the intact lumbar spinal cord, although there was

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Nakayama, Kiyomi, Hiroshi Nishimaru, Makito Iizuka, Shigeru Ozaki, and Norio Kudo. "Rostrocaudal Progression in the Development of Periodic Spontaneous Activity in Fetal Rat Spinal Motor Circuits In Vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 5 (1999): 2592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2592.

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Rostrocaudal progression in the development of periodic spontaneous activity in fetal rat spinal motor circuits in vitro. Developmental changes in the periodic spontaneous bursts in cervical and lumbar ventral roots (VRs) were investigated using isolated spinal cord preparations obtained from rat fetuses at embryonic days ( E) 13.5–18.5. Spontaneous bursts were observed in the cervical VR at E13.5–17.5, and in the lumbar VR at E14.5–17.5. Bursts occurrence in the cervical and lumbar VRs was correlated in a 1:1 fashion at E14.5–16.5. The bursts in the cervical VR preceded those in the lumbar VR

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6

Lothe, Lise R., Tim J. L. Raven, and Torsten Eken. "Single-motor-unit discharge characteristics in human lumbar multifidus muscle." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 2 (2015): 1286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00010.2014.

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The underlying neurophysiology of postural control of the lower back in humans is poorly understood. We have characterized motor unit (MU) discharge activity in the deep lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle in nine healthy subjects (20–40 yr, 3 females). Bilateral fine wire electrodes were implanted at L4 spinal level using ultrasound guidance. EMG was recorded during spontaneous sitting and standing and during voluntary force production. Individual MUs were analyzed with regard to instantaneous discharge rate, interspike interval variability, alternation of activity between MUs, and cross correlatio

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7

Wu, Qinfeng, Yana Cao, Chuanming Dong, et al. "Neuromuscular interaction is required for neurotrophins-mediated locomotor recovery following treadmill training in rat spinal cord injury." PeerJ 4 (May 11, 2016): e2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2025.

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Recent results have shown that exercise training promotes the recovery of injured rat distal spinal cords, but are still unclear about the function of skeletal muscle in this process. Herein, rats with incomplete thoracic (T10) spinal cord injuries (SCI) with a dual spinal lesion model were subjected to four weeks of treadmill training and then were treated with complete spinal transection at T8. We found that treadmill training retained hind limb motor function after incomplete SCI, even with a heavy load after complete spinal transection. Moreover, treadmill training alleviated the secondary

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8

Liu, Song, Phong Damhieu, Pauline Devanze, Gérard Saïd, Jean Michel Heard, and Marc Tadié. "Efficient reinnervation of hindlimb muscles by thoracic motor neurons after nerve cross-anastomosis in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 99, no. 5 (2003): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.99.5.0879.

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Object. Peripheral motor axons can regenerate through motor endoneurial tubes of foreign nerves to reinnervate different target muscles. This regenerative capacity has been brought to clinical applications for restorative surgery after nerve or root injury. In this study the authors explore the extent to which nerve cross-anastomosis between lower intercostal nerves and lumbar ventral roots would be effective in inducing reinnervation of paralyzed hindlimb muscles after spinal cord hemisection at the thoracolumbar boundary in rats. Methods. The proximal extremities of sectioned intercostal ner

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9

Xi, Ming-Chu, Jack Yamuy, Rong-Huan Liu, Francisco R. Morales, and Michael H. Chase. "Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract Neurons Are Not Subjected to Postsynaptic Inhibition During Carbachol-Induced Motor Inhibition." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 1 (1997): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.1.137.

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Xi, Ming-Chu, Jack Yamuy, Rong-Huan Liu, Francisco R. Morales, and Michael H. Chase. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons are not subjected to postsynaptic inhibition during carbachol-induced motor inhibition. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 137–144, 1997. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) neurons in Clarke's column in the lumbar spinal cord of cats anesthetized with α-chloralose were recorded intracellularly. The membrane potential activity and electrophysiological properties of these neurons were examined before and during the state of active-sleep-like motor inhibition induced by the injection of ca

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10

Nishimaru, Hiroshi, Tadachika Koganezawa, Miyo Kakizaki, Tatsuhiko Ebihara, and Yuchio Yanagawa. "Inhibitory Synaptic Modulation of Renshaw Cell Activity in the Lumbar Spinal Cord of Neonatal Mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 6 (2010): 3437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00100.2010.

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In the mammalian spinal cord, Renshaw cells (RCs) are excited by axon collaterals of motoneurons (MNs), and in turn, provide recurrent inhibition of MNs. They are considered an important element in controlling the motor output. However, how RCs are modulated by spinal circuits during motor behaviors remains unclear. In this study, the physiological nature of inhibitory synaptic inputs to RCs in the lumbar segment during spontaneous motoneuronal activity was examined in the isolated spinal cord taken from glutamate decarboxylase 67-green fluorescent protein (GAD67-GFP) knock-in mouse neonates.

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11

Merlet, Angèle N., Jonathan Harnie, Madalina Macovei, Adam Doelman, Nathaly Gaudreault, and Alain Frigon. "Mechanically stimulating the lumbar region inhibits locomotor-like activity and increases the gain of cutaneous reflexes from the paws in spinal cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 3 (2020): 1026–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00747.2019.

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Mechanically stimulating the dorsal lumbar region inhibits locomotion and reduces weight support during standing in rabbits and cats. However, how this inhibitory effect from the lumbar skin is mediated is poorly understood. Here we evaluated the effect of mechanically stimulating (vibration or pinch) the dorsal lumbar region on short-latency (8- to 13-ms onset) cutaneous reflex responses, evoked by electrically stimulating the superficial peroneal or distal tibial nerves, in seven adult cats with a low thoracic spinal transection (spinal cats). Cutaneous reflexes were evoked before, during, a

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12

Parfenov, V. A. "Management of patients with chronic nonspecific lumbar pain." Medical Council, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-1-40-45.

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Chronic lumbar pain (CLP) is one of the most common causes of temporary disability. Both the elimination of specific causes of pain and the assessment of social and psychological factors of pain management are of great importance in the examination of patients. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach is effective in managing patients with chronic nonspecific LP, which includes rationalization of drug therapy, therapeutic gymnastics, correction (if necessary) of the workplace and motor activity, psychological methods and educational program. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are

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13

Winslow, John J., Mark Jackson, Andrew Getzin, and Michael Costello. "Rehabilitation of a Young Athlete With Extension-Based Low Back Pain Addressing Motor-Control Impairments and Central Sensitization." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 2 (2018): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-238-16.

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Objective: To describe the conservative management of a young athlete with extension-based (EB) low back pain (LBP). Background: We present the case of a 15-year-old female high school gymnast with a 4-year history of EB LBP. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a healed spondylolysis and significant atrophy with fatty infiltrate of the lumbar multifidi muscles (LMM). She had several courses of outpatient orthopaedic rehabilitation that focused on core muscle strengthening (improving activation and strength of the LMM and transversus abdominus muscle in a neutral pelvic position) without long-l

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14

Balne, Naveen Kumar, S. Afshan Jabeen, and Neeharika Mathukumalli. "Paraspinal Muscle Activity Differences in Various Subtypes of Idiopathic Scoliosis." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 9 (2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210917.

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Background: Scoliosis refers to deviation of spinal alignment in three dimensional planes. In response to functional demands Muscle fibers change in motor unit function. Knowledge of difference in muscle fiber activity in functional situations allows us to plan curve specific effective physical therapy. Methodology: All study subjects were categorised based on Rigo Classification and assessed for para spinal muscle activity by Surface Electro Myography at cervical, thoracic, lumbar, concave- convex sides of apex and lumbar /lumbo sacral regions of spine in general sequence and curve specific s

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15

Hagains, Christopher E., Arun K. Senapati, Paula J. Huntington, Ji-Wei He, and Yuan B. Peng. "Inhibition of spinal cord dorsal horn neuronal activity by electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 5 (2011): 2515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00719.2010.

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The cerebellum plays a major role in not only modulating motor activity, but also contributing to other functions, including nociception. The intermediate hemisphere of the cerebellum receives sensory input from the limbs. With the extensive connection between the cerebellum to brain-stem structures and cerebral cortex, it is possible that the cerebellum may facilitate the descending system to modulate spinal dorsal horn activity. This study provided the first evidence to support this hypothesis. Thirty-one wide-dynamic-range neurons from the left lumbar and 27 from the right lumbar spinal dor

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Cowley, K. C., and B. J. Schmidt. "Regional Distribution of the Locomotor Pattern-Generating Network in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 1 (1997): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.247.

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Cowley, K. C. and B. J. Schmidt. Regional distribution of the locomotor pattern-generating network in the neonatal rat spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 247–259, 1997. The regional distribution of spinal cord networks producing locomotor-like, as well as non-locomotor-like, activity was studied with the use of an in vitro neonatal rat preparation. Rhythmic activity was induced by bath application of either serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), N-methyl-d,l-aspartate (NMA), or combined 5-HT/NMA, and was monitored via hindlimb flexor (peroneal) and extensor (tibial) electroneurograms (ENGs) or

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17

Gerin, Christine, Jean-Rene Teilhac, Kristin Smith, and Alain Privat. "Motor activity induces release of serotonin in the dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord." Neuroscience Letters 436, no. 2 (2008): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.081.

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18

Göbel, H., and S. Schenkl. "The effect of motor activity following diagnostic lumbar puncture on the degree of post-puncture headache." Pain 41 (January 1990): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(90)92228-i.

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19

Hadi, Bassam, Y. Ping Zhang, Darlene A. Burke, Christopher B. Shields, and David S. K. Magnuson. "Lasting paraplegia caused by loss of lumbar spinal cord interneurons in rats: no direct correlation with motor neuron loss." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 93, no. 2 (2000): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2000.93.2.0266.

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Object. The aims of this study were to investigate further the role played by lumbar spinal cord interneurons in the generation of locomotor activity and to develop a model of spinal cord injury suitable for testing neuron replacement strategies. Methods. Adult rats received intraspinal injections of kainic acid (KA). Locomotion was assessed weekly for 4 weeks by using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) 21-point locomotor scale, and transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials (MMEPs) were recorded in gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles at 1 and 4 weeks. No changes in transcranial MMEP

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20

Danneels, Lieven, Barbara Cagnie, Roseline D'hooge, et al. "The effect of experimental low back pain on lumbar muscle activity in people with a history of clinical low back pain: a muscle functional MRI study." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 2 (2016): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00192.2015.

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In people with a history of low back pain (LBP), structural and functional alterations have been observed at several peripheral and central levels of the sensorimotor pathway. These existing alterations might interact with the way the sensorimotor system responds to pain. We examined this assumption by evaluating the lumbar motor responses to experimental nociceptive input of 15 participants during remission of unilateral recurrent LBP. Quantitative T2 images (muscle functional MRI) were taken bilaterally of multifidus, erector spinae, and psoas at several segmental levels (L3 upper and L4 upp

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Kobayakawa, Kazu, Kyleigh Alexis DePetro, Hui Zhong, et al. "Locomotor Training Increases Synaptic Structure With High NGL-2 Expression After Spinal Cord Hemisection." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 33, no. 3 (2019): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968319829456.

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Background. We previously demonstrated that step training leads to reorganization of neuronal networks in the lumbar spinal cord of rodents after a hemisection (HX) injury and step training, including increases excitability of spinally evoked potentials in hindlimb motor neurons. Methods. In this study, we investigated changes in RNA expression and synapse number using RNA-Seq and immunohistochemistry of the lumbar spinal cord 23 days after a mid-thoracic HX in rats with and without post-HX step training. Results. Gene Ontology (GO) term clustering demonstrated that expression levels of 36 syn

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Achkasov, E. E., G. N. Zadorina, I. A. Lamkova, and V. S. Moskvicheva. "Kinesiotherapy for back pain." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 11, no. 2S (2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2019-2s-33-39.

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Back pain treatment is one of the most common problems in medical practice. The paper presents the theoretical and practical bases of physical therapy for people experiencing pain in the back and neck, considers in detail the main kinesiotherapy techniques used in modern rehabilitation, analyzes the principles of their selection for the most effective recovery of locomotor activity and for reduction of the severity of pain syndrome, and discusses the modes of motor activity. Hardware techniques that facilitate the implementation of complex therapeutic movements are considered separately. A rat

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Lev-Tov, A., I. Delvolvé, and E. Kremer. "Sacrocaudal Afferents Induce Rhythmic Efferent Bursting in Isolated Spinal Cords of Neonatal Rats." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 2 (2000): 888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.888.

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The ability of mammalian spinal cords to generate rhythmic motor behavior in nonlimb moving segments was examined in isolated spinal cords of neonatal rats. Stimulation of sacrocaudal afferents (SCA) induced alternating left-right bursts in lumbosacral efferents and in tail muscles. On each side of the tail, flexors, extensors, and abductors were coactive during each cycle of activity. This rhythm originated mainly in the sacrocaudal region because it persisted in sacrocaudal segments after surgical removal of the thoracolumbar cord. Sacrocaudal commissural pathways were sufficient to maintain

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Lothe, Lise R., Tim J. L. Raven, Gunnar Sandbæk, and Torsten Eken. "Single-motor-unit discharge characteristics in lumbar multifidus muscle of acute low back pain patients." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 4 (2019): 1373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00004.2019.

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Acute low back pain (ALBP) causes rapid deterioration of paraspinal muscle function. The underlying neurophysiology is poorly understood. We therefore carried out this observational study in patients with ALBP to characterize motor unit (MU) activity in deep lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle and compare with our previous findings from pain-free subjects. Nine subjects (1 woman; age 26–59 yr) with ALBP duration of 1–21 days were recruited from outpatient clinics. Fine wire electromyography (EMG) electrodes were implanted bilaterally at the painful spinal level under computer tomography guidance. EM

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Gerin, Christine G., Kristin Smith, Seritta Hill, Angela Hill, and Ikenna C. Madueke. "Motor activity affects dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems of the dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord." Synapse 65, no. 12 (2011): 1282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syn.20948.

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AuYong, Nicholas, Karen Ollivier-Lanvin, and Michel A. Lemay. "Preferred locomotor phase of activity of lumbar interneurons during air-stepping in subchronic spinal cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 3 (2011): 1011–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00523.2010.

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Spinal locomotor circuits are intrinsically capable of driving a variety of behaviors such as stepping, scratching, and swimming. Based on an observed rostrocaudal wave of activity in the motoneuronal firing during locomotor tasks, the traveling-wave hypothesis proposes that spinal interneuronal firing follows a similar rostrocaudal pattern of activation, suggesting the presence of spatially organized interneuronal modules within the spinal motor system. In this study, we examined if the spatial organization of the lumbar interneuronal activity patterns during locomotor activity in the adult m

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Zehr, E. Paul, Timothy J. Carroll, Romeo Chua, et al. "Possible contributions of CPG activity to the control of rhythmic human arm movement." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 8-9 (2004): 556–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y04-056.

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There is extensive modulation of cutaneous and H-reflexes during rhythmic leg movement in humans. Mechanisms controlling reflex modulation (e.g., phase- and task-dependent modulation, and reflex reversal) during leg movements have been ascribed to the activity of spinal central pattern generating (CPG) networks and peripheral feedback. Our working hypothesis has been that neural mechanisms (i.e., CPGs) controlling rhythmic movement are conserved between the human lumbar and cervical spinal cord. Thus reflex modulation during rhythmic arm movement should be similar to that for rhythmic leg move

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Yvert, Blaise, Pascal Branchereau, and Pierre Meyrand. "Multiple Spontaneous Rhythmic Activity Patterns Generated by the Embryonic Mouse Spinal Cord Occur Within a Specific Developmental Time Window." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 5 (2004): 2101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01095.2003.

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Spontaneous rhythmic activity is a ubiquitous phenomenon in developing neural networks and is assumed to play an important role in the elaboration of mature circuitry. Here we describe the day-by-day evolution of spontaneous activity in the embryonic mouse spinal cord and show that, at a specific developmental stage, 2 distinct rhythms coexist. On embryonic days E12.5 and E13.5, we observed a single type of regularly recurring short spike-episodes synchronized across cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels. By E14.5, in addition to this motor rhythm, another type of spontaneous synchronous activ

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Langlet, C., H. Leblond, and S. Rossignol. "Mid-Lumbar Segments Are Needed for the Expression of Locomotion in Chronic Spinal Cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 5 (2005): 2474–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00909.2004.

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In acute experiments performed in decerebrated and spinalized (T13) cats, an intraspinal injection of clonidine, a noradrenergic agonist, restricted to mid-lumbar segments L3–L4, can induce hindlimb locomotion, whereas yohimbine, a noradrenergic antagonist, can block spinal locomotion, and a second spinal lesion at L4 can abolish all locomotor activity. In the present study, we investigated whether the abolition of locomotion after this second spinal lesion was due to an acute spinal shock or to the functional disconnection of the rostral and caudal lumbar segments. In seven cats, first spinal

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Kiehn, Ole, Keith T. Sillar, Ole Kjaerulff, and Jonathan R. McDearmid. "Effects of Noradrenaline on Locomotor Rhythm–Generating Networks in the Isolated Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 2 (1999): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.741.

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We have studied the effects of the biogenic amine noradrenaline (NA) on motor activity in the isolated neonatal rat spinal cord. The motor output was recorded with suction electrodes from the lumbar ventral roots. When applied on its own, NA (0.5–50 μM) elicited either no measurable root activity, or activity of a highly variable nature. When present, the NA-induced activity consisted of either low levels of unpatterned tonic discharges, or an often irregular, slow rhythm that displayed a high degree of synchrony between antagonistic motor pools. Finally, in a few cases, NA induced a slow loco

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Tresch, Matthew C., and Ole Kiehn. "Coding of Locomotor Phase in Populations of Neurons in Rostral and Caudal Segments of the Neonatal Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 6 (1999): 3563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3563.

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Several experiments have demonstrated that rostral segments of the vertebrate lumbar spinal cord produce a rhythmic motor output more readily and of better quality than caudal segments. Here we examine how this rostrocaudal gradient of rhythmogenic capability is reflected in the spike activity of neurons in the rostral (L2) and caudal (L5) lumbar spinal cord of the neonatal rat. The spike activity of interneurons in the ventromedial cord, a region necessary for the production of locomotion, was recorded intracellularly with patch electrodes and extracellularly with tetrodes during pharmacologi

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Bracci, E., M. Beato, and A. Nistri. "Extracellular K+ Induces Locomotor-Like Patterns in the Rat Spinal Cord In Vitro: Comparison With NMDA or 5-HT Induced Activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 5 (1998): 2643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.5.2643.

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Bracci, E., M. Beato, and A. Nistri. Extracellular K+ induces locomotor-like patterns in the rat spinal cord in vitro: comparison with NMDA or 5-HT induced activity. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2643–2652, 1998. Bath-application of increasing concentrations of extracellular K+ elicited alternating motor patterns recorded from pairs of various lumbar ventral roots of the neonatal rat (0–2 days old) spinal cord in vitro. The threshold concentration of K+ for this effect was 7.9 ± 0.8 mM (mean ± SD). The suprathreshold concentration range useful to evoke persistent motor patterns (lasting ≥10 min) was ve

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Fedirchuk, Brent, Katinka Stecina, Kasper Kyhl Kristensen, et al. "Rhythmic activity of feline dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tract neurons during fictive motor actions." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 2 (2013): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00649.2012.

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Neurons of the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts (DSCT) have been described to be rhythmically active during walking on a treadmill in decerebrate cats, but this activity ceased following deafferentation of the hindlimb. This observation supported the hypothesis that DSCT neurons primarily relay the activity of hindlimb afferents during locomotion, but lack input from the spinal central pattern generator. The ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT) neurons, on the other hand, were found to be active during actual locomotion (on a treadmill) even after deafferentation, as well as during fictive locomo

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Ge, Weiqing, Dong-Yuan Cao, Cynthia R. Long, and Joel G. Pickar. "Plane of vertebral movement eliciting muscle lengthening history in the low back influences the decrease in muscle spindle responsiveness of the cat." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 6 (2011): 1735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00059.2011.

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Proprioceptive feedback is thought to play a significant role in controlling both lumbopelvic and intervertebral orientations. In the lumbar spine, a vertebra's positional history along the dorsal-ventral axis has been shown to alter the position, movement, and velocity sensitivity of muscle spindles in the multifidus and longissimus muscles. These effects appear due to muscle history. Because spinal motion segments have up to 6 degrees of freedom for movement, we were interested in whether the axis along which the history is applied differentially affects paraspinal muscle spindles. We tested

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Xu, Fadi, Donald T. Frazier, Zhong Zhang, David M. Baekey, and Roger Shannon. "Cerebellar modulation of cough motor pattern in cats." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 2 (1997): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.391.

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Xu, Fadi, Donald T. Frazier, Zhong Zhang, David M. Baekey, and Roger Shannon. Cerebellar modulation of cough motor pattern in cats. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 391–397, 1997.—The cerebellum modulates respiratory muscle activity in part via its influence on the central respiratory pattern generator. Because coughing requires well-coordinated respiratory muscle activity, studies were conducted to determine whether the cerebellum influences the centrally generated cough motor pattern. Integrated phrenic and lumbar efferent neurograms ([Formula: see text]PN and [Formula: see text]LN, respectively) we

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Belavý, Daniel L., Carolyn A. Richardson, Stephen J. Wilson, Dieter Felsenberg, and Jörn Rittweger. "Tonic-to-phasic shift of lumbo-pelvic muscle activity during 8 weeks of bed rest and 6-months follow up." Journal of Applied Physiology 103, no. 1 (2007): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00850.2006.

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Prior motor control studies in unloading have shown a tonic-to-phasic shift in muscle activation, particularly in the short extensors. Tonic muscle activity is considered critical for normal musculoskeletal function. The shift from tonic-to-phasic muscle activity has not been systematically studied in humans in unloading nor at the lumbo-pelvic (LP) region. Ten healthy young male subjects underwent 8 wk of bed rest with 6-mo follow up as part of the “Berlin Bed-Rest Study.” A repetitive knee movement model performed in the prone position is used to stimulate tonic holding LP muscle activity, a

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Baekey, David M., Kendall F. Morris, Sarah C. Nuding, Lauren S. Segers, Bruce G. Lindsey, and Roger Shannon. "Medullary raphe neuron activity is altered during fictive cough in the decerebrate cat." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 1 (2003): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00341.2002.

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Chemical lesions in the medullary raphe nuclei region influence cough. This study examined whether firing patterns of caudal medullary midline neurons were altered during cough. Extracellular neuron activity was recorded with microelectrode arrays in decerebrated, neuromuscular-blocked, ventilated cats. Cough-like motor patterns (fictive cough) in phrenic and lumbar nerves were elicited by mechanical stimulation of the intrathoracic trachea. Discharge patterns of respiratory and nonrespiratory-modulated neurons were altered during cough cycles (58/133); 45 increased and 13 decreased activity.

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Keeler, Benjamin E., Perrine Lallemand, Mukund M. Patel, Lisandra E. de Castro Brás, and Stefan Clemens. "Opposing aging-related shift of excitatory dopamine D1 and inhibitory D3 receptor protein expression in striatum and spinal cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (2016): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00390.2015.

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Normal aging is associated with a decrease in motor function, a concomitant increase in muscle stiffness and tone, and a decrease in dopamine (DA) levels in the spinal cord. The striatum plays a critical role in the control of motor function, and it receives strong DA innervation from the substantia nigra. However, locomotor activity also requires the activation of motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord, which in the mouse express all five DA receptor subtypes (D1–D5). Of these, the D3 receptor (D3R) expresses the highest affinity to DA and mediates inhibitory actions, while activation of the l

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Abdullaiev, R. Ya, K. M. Ibragimova, I. H. Mamedov, and R. R. Abdullaiev. "DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE IN YOUNG PEOPLE. MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES." International Medical Journal, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2020-1-10.

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Degenerative changes of intervertebral discs is a very complicated process as a result of interaction of many factors: genetic, environmental, physical activity. Abnormalities in the vertebrae structure create the preconditions for the overload of the vertebral motor segment, which contributes to the spread of degenerative lesions and increases the risk of spinal injuries. Degenerative disc disease is one of the most common causes of back pain. The process of degeneration begins at a young age and in adulthood it often becomes widespread with a predominance of one or another localization. Meth

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Baekey, David M., Kendall F. Morris, Sarah C. Nuding, Lauren S. Segers, Bruce G. Lindsey, and Roger Shannon. "Ventrolateral medullary respiratory network participation in the expiration reflex in the cat." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 6 (2004): 2057–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00778.2003.

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The expiration reflex is a distinct airway defensive response characterized by a brief, intense expiratory effort and coordinated adduction and abduction of the laryngeal folds. This study addressed the hypothesis that the ventrolateral medullary respiratory network participates in the reflex. Extracellular neuron activity was recorded with microelectrode arrays in decerebrated, neuromuscularblocked, ventilated cats. In 32 recordings (17 cats), 232 neurons were monitored in the rostral (including Bötzinger and pre-Bötzinger complexes) and caudal ventral respiratory group. Neurons were classifi

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Ghofrani, Masoud, Manijeh Soleimanifar, and Saeed Talebian. "Control of trunk muscles activity while manual material handling symmetrically and asymmetrically, Based on Motor control strategy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (2021): 1736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561736.

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[Purpose] Although lifting tasks has been recognized as a primary risk factor in low back pain, the concept of lifting asymmetry is relatively new subject. To address trunk function, biomechanical studies generally measure trunk muscle activity using surface electromyography (EMG). But so far, magnitude and similarity index (SI) obtained from EMG have not been studied as indicators of the motor control during lifting task. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the trunk muscles magnitude and SI during symmetric and asymmetric lifting. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 20 healthy male wit

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Teulier, Caroline, Beth A. Smith, Masayoshi Kubo, et al. "Stepping Responses of Infants With Myelomeningocele When Supported on a Motorized Treadmill." Physical Therapy 89, no. 1 (2009): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080120.

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Background and Purpose Infants with myelomeningocele (MMC) have difficulty with, and show delays in, acquiring functional skills, such as walking. This study examined whether infants with MMC will respond to treadmill practice by producing stepping patterns or at least motor activity during the first year after birth. This study also compared the stepping trajectories of infants with MMC across age with those of infants with typical development (TD) to analyze the characteristics of the development of stepping patterns in infants with MMC early in life. Participants Twelve infants with MMC (lu

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Magnuson, David S. K., and Tammy C. Trinder. "Locomotor Rhythm Evoked by Ventrolateral Funiculus Stimulation in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord In Vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 1 (1997): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.200.

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Magnuson, David S. K. and Tammy C. Trinder. Locomotor rhythm evoked by ventrolateral funiculus stimulation in the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 200–206, 1997. Spinal cords from 2- to 8-day-old rats, maintained in vitro, were used to investigate the effects of discrete electrical stimuli applied to the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) on motor neuron activity recorded from the lumbar ventral roots. Short trains of stimuli (1–3 s) delivered to one VLF in the low cervical region elicited rhythmic activity that persisted for up to 30 s. Responses consisted of short periods o

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Jones, Bryan A., Lydia S. Wagner, and Neil V. Watson. "The Effects of Bisphenol A Exposure at Different Developmental Time Points in an Androgen-Sensitive Neuromuscular System in Male Rats." Endocrinology 157, no. 8 (2016): 2972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1574.

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The industrial plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor to which the general human population is routinely exposed. Although BPA is well known as an estrogenic mimic, there have been some suggestions that this compound may also alter activity at the androgen receptor. To determine whether BPA does have antiandrogenic properties, we evaluated BPA effects in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus and dorsolateral nucleus, sexually dimorphic groups of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that are critically dependent on androgens for survival and maintenance, as wel

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Jones, Sarah E., and Mathias Dutschmann. "Testing the hypothesis of neurodegeneracy in respiratory network function with a priori transected arterially perfused brain stem preparation of rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 5 (2016): 2593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01073.2015.

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Degeneracy of respiratory network function would imply that anatomically discrete aspects of the brain stem are capable of producing respiratory rhythm. To test this theory we a priori transected brain stem preparations before reperfusion and reoxygenation at 4 rostrocaudal levels: 1.5 mm caudal to obex ( n = 5), at obex ( n = 5), and 1.5 ( n = 7) and 3 mm ( n = 6) rostral to obex. The respiratory activity of these preparations was assessed via recordings of phrenic and vagal nerves and lumbar spinal expiratory motor output. Preparations with a priori transection at level of the caudal brain s

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Shigetoh, Hayato, Yuki Nishi, Michihiro Osumi, and Shu Morioka. "Combined abnormal muscle activity and pain-related factors affect disability in patients with chronic low back pain: An association rule analysis." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244111.

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Objectives In patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), reduced lumbar flexion-relaxation and reduced variability of muscle activity distribution are reported as abnormal muscle activity. It is not known how abnormal muscle activity and pain-related factors are related to CLBP-based disability. Here, we performed an association rule analysis to investigated how CLBP disability, muscle activity, and pain-related factors in CLBP patients are related. Methods Surface electromyographic signals were recorded from over the bilateral lumbar erector spinae muscle with four-channel electrodes from 24

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Hooker, Quenten L., Kristen Roles, Vanessa M. Lanier, and Linda R. Van Dillen. "3178 Effects of Motor Skill Training vs. Strength and Flexibility Exercise on Functional Limitations, Pain, and Movement Characteristics in People with Chronic Low Back Pain." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.100.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Compare the short- and long-term effects of 2 treatments, MST and SF, on limitations in function, pain, and movement characteristics. The movement characteristics included the amount of early excursion (1st half of decent) of the knee, hip, and lumbar spine during a functional activity test of picking up an object. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 154 participants were randomized to 6, 1-hour treatment sessions (once/week for 6 weeks) of MST or SF. The MST group received individualized training to modify pain-provoking altered movement patterns during functional activities.

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Skinner, Stanley A., and Ensor E. Transfeldt. "Electromyography in the detection of mechanically induced spinal motor tract injury: observations in diverse porcine models." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 11, no. 3 (2009): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.spine08881.

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Object Porcine spinal cords were mechanically injured at the thoracic level while recording muscle-derived electrically stimulated transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) and electromyography (EMG) readings from the same electrode derivations. The authors postulated that midthoracic spinal cord injury caused by diverse methods can trigger hindlimb EMG activity. Early detection of hindlimb EMG activity may permit avoidance of motor conduction block (TcMEP loss). Methods Twelve pigs underwent midthoracic spinal cord exposure. Spinal cord sectioning was performed to define dorsal column ver

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Pazarlis, Konstantinos, Anna Punga, Nikos Schizas, Bengt Sandén, Karl Michaëlsson, and Peter Försth. "Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial with clinical, neurophysiological, laboratory and radiological outcome for surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis: the Uppsala Spinal Stenosis Trial (UppSten)." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (2019): e030578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030578.

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IntroductionSymptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis is the most common indication for spinal surgery. However, more than one-third of the patients undergoing surgery for lumbar stenosis report dissatisfaction with the results. On the other hand, conservative treatment has shown positive results in some cases. This trial will compare the outcomes of surgical versus non-surgical treatment for lumbar stenosis. The study includes a multidimensional follow-up, aiming to study the association between outcome and other studied parameters, mainly electromyography and nerve conduction. Moreover, it may cont

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Warner, D. O., J. F. Brichant, E. L. Ritman, and K. Rehder. "Chest wall motion during epidural anesthesia in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 2 (1991): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.539.

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To determine the relative contribution of rib cage and abdominal muscles to expiratory muscle activity during quiet breathing, we used lumbar epidural anesthesia in six pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs lying supine to paralyze the abdominal muscles while leaving rib cage muscle motor function substantially intact. A high-speed X-ray scanner (Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor) provided three-dimensional images of the thorax. The contribution of expiratory muscle activity to tidal breathing was assessed by a comparison of chest wall configuration during relaxed apnea with that at end expiratio

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