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Journal articles on the topic 'Lumbo-sacral radiographs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Uduma, Felix, Tim E. Nottidge, Dianabasi U. Eduwem, and Edwin N. Dim. "Roentgenologic appraisal of low back pains in Uyo, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 2 (2013): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.6470.

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Background: Low back pain is one of the commonest indices for referral to radiological evaluation of lumbo-sacral spine. The underlying pathology may be divulged by the exploit of conventional lumbo-sacral radiography. Purpose: By collating and analysing the lumbo-sacral radiographs of patients with low back pain, we hope to give an account of the accompaniments of low back pain and where possible, to deduce its causes in our local environ. Study design/Setting: A cross-sectional prospective study. Patient Sample: Two hundred and forty patients were enrolled in the study Outcome Measures: Path

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Darmini, Darmini, J. Dahjono J. Dahjono, and Asri Indah Aryani. "Radiation Dose In Non Conventional Contrast Radiography Examination." Jurnal Riset Kesehatan 3, no. 1 (2015): 460–66. https://doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v3i1.231.

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This study aims to determine the radiation dose to the acceptance of conventional non- contrast radiographs and the dose received by the patient on a non contrast radiographs compared Perka BAPETEN According Reference No 8 of 2011.Quantitative research approach was applied in this research for the measurement of radiation using TLD chips. Furthermore, measurement results are sent to Batan. We analize the data by calculating the average radiation dose received at each examination on the TLD reader, and then compared them with the reference dose by Bapetten. Results indicate acceptance of the ra

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Betz, Joseph W., Douglas F. Lightstone, Paul A. Oakley, Jason W. Haas, Ibrahim M. Moustafa, and Deed E. Harrison. "Reliability of the Biomechanical Assessment of the Sagittal Lumbar Spine and Pelvis on Radiographs Used in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16 (2024): 4650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164650.

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Background: Biomechanical analysis of the sagittal alignment of the lumbar spine and pelvis on radiographs is common in clinical practices including chiropractic, physical therapy, scoliosis-related thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthosis (TLSO) management, orthopedics, and neurosurgery. Of specific interest is the assessment of pelvic morphology and the relationship between angle of pelvic incidence, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis to pain, disability, and clinical treatment of spine conditions. The current state of the literature on the reliability of common methods quantifying these parameters on r

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Khodor, Haidar Hassan, Khawli Loubaba, and Kheir Eddine Hassane. "Lumbo-Sacral Angle Evaluation Among Lebanese Population." European Journal of Clinical Medicine 2, no. 1 (2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.1.5.

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Background: Lumbar lordosis is an essential postural element that has gained the interest of both clinicians and researchers for several years. It is the inward curvature made by the wedging of the vertebrae of the lumbar spine. Since there is paucity of data on the lumbar lordosis in the Lebanese population, most of the data used in clinical practice to classify hypo- and hyper-lordosis are based on studies from other races. Aim: To identify the normal LSA in a Lebanese population, then see if there is a difference between the races, and determine if this angle is affected by the gender

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Mohanty, Rajesh K., Abhishek Tripathi, Prasanna Lenka, Ameed Equebal, and Ratnesh Kumar. "The effect of a spinal orthosis on posture and cardio-respiratory functions in progressive myopathic scoliosis." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 36, no. 4 (2012): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364612442678.

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Background: Historically, the orthotic treatment in progressive myopathic scoliosis has not been as effective as expected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a spinal orthosis on scoliotic curve correction, alignment of altered posture and cardio-respiratory functions. Case Description and Methods: An 11 year-old girl diagnosed with myopathy was fitted with a custom molded thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthosis to enhance the sitting ability. The cardio-respiratory tests were performed by a COSMED K4 b2; metabolic analyzer. The anterior posterior radiographs were analyzed for me

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Singh, Roop, Sushil Kumar Yadav, Sushma Sood, Rohtas Kumar Yadav, and Ravi Rohilla. "Spino-pelvic radiological parameters in normal Indian population." SICOT-J 4 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2016003.

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Introduction: There is increasing emphasis on the sagittal spino-pelvic alignment and its interpretation is of critical importance in the management of spinal disorders. A cross-sectional study of several spino-pelvic radiographic parameters was conducted to determine the physiological values of these parameters, to calculate the variations of these parameters according to epidemiological data, and to study the relationships among these parameters. Material and method: Fifty normal healthy volunteers (29 males and 21 females) with no history of back pain were selected and were subjected to sta

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Sarshar, Sahar, Koukab Javeed, Muhammad Babar Khan, Dost Muhammad, Uzair Hassan, and Mohsin Ali Imran. "Plain X-Ray and MRI Evaluation for Prevalence of Lumbo-Sacral Transitional Vertebra in Individuals with Low Backache." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 3 (2025): 81–84. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i3.1615.

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Lumbo-sacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) is a common congenital anomaly of the spine that may contribute to chronic low backache due to altered biomechanics and nerve root impingement. The condition is frequently underdiagnosed in routine clinical practice, particularly in low-resource settings where plain radiographs remain the primary imaging modality. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and morphological types of LSTV among patients presenting with low back pain using plain X-ray and MRI in a CMH Kharian in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at CMH

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Grammatopoulos, George, Moritz Innmann, Philippe Phan, Russell Bodner, and Geert Meermans. "Spinopelvic challenges in primary total hip arthroplasty." EFORT Open Reviews 8, no. 5 (2023): 298–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eor-23-0049.

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There is no universal safe zone for cup orientation. Patients with spinal arthrodesis or a degenerative lumbar spine are at increased risk of dislocation. The relative contributions of the hip (femur and acetabulum) and of the spine (lumbar spine) in body motion must be considered together. The pelvis links the two and influences both acetabular orientation (i.e. hip flexion/extension) and sagittal balance/lumbar lordosis (i.e. spine flexion/extension). Examination of the spino-pelvic motion can be done through clinical examination and standard radiographs or stereographic imaging. A single, l

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Cekerevac, Ivan, Vojislav Cupurdija, Ljiljana Novkovic, et al. "Unusual Respiratory Manifestations of Ankylosing Spondylitis – A Case Report." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 17, no. 4 (2016): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2016-0036.

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Abstract A male patient, 54 years old, was initially admitted to the hospital because of fatigue he felt during the last month and swelling of the lower legs. Upon hospital admittance, gas exchange analysis showed global respiratory failure: pO2=6.1 kPa, pCO2=10.9 kPa, pH=7.35, A-a gradient = 1.0. Due to the existence of hypercapnia and decompensated respiratory acidosis, the patient was connected to a device for non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Reduced chest mobility was noticed, and the respiratory index value was decreased. Radiographs of the chest and thoracic and lumbo-sacral spine sh

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Putra, Raden Achmad Candra, Danaithep Limskul, Pattarapol Yotnuengnit, Trai Promsang, and Somsak Kuptniratsaikul. "Evaluation of In-brace Correction in Individuals with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Retrospective and Descriptive Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (2022): 1533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9759.

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Introductions: Achieving maximum correction at the beginning of brace treatment in AIS is the only factor that can be controlled by the bracing provider if we have a better understanding of the prognostics and factors associated with achieving in-brace correction. The aim of this present study was to evaluate in-brace correction in a cohort of AIS patients who were treated by full-time bracing with plastic moulded thoraco-lumbo-sacral spinal orthosis (TLSO). Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study. We collected data from medical records of individuals with AIS who recei

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11

Richardson, T. F. "Variables influencing the lumbar gravity line, lordosis, inter-vertebral disc plane angles and sacral slope on lumbo-pelvic radiographs of symptomatic patients." Clinical Chiropractic 15, no. 3-4 (2012): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clch.2012.10.009.

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12

Becker, Luis, Lukas Schönnagel, Tim Victor Mihalache, et al. "Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae alter the distribution of lumbar mobility–Preliminary results of a radiographic evaluation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0274581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274581.

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Background Lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are one of the most common congenital variances of the spine. They are associated with an increased frequency of degeneration in the cranial adjacent segment. Hypermobility and concomitant increased loads are discussed as a possible reason for segmental degeneration. We therefore examined the lumbar and segmental motion distribution in patients with LSTV with flexion-extension radiographs. Methods A retrospective study of 51 patients with osteochondrosis L5/S1 with flexion and extension radiographs was performed. Of these, 17 patients had L

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Kien, Tran Trung, Kieu Dinh Hung, Duong Dai Ha, Hoang Minh Tan, and Tran Quang Trung. "Effectiveness in indirect decompression using mis tlif in single level lumbo-sacral spondylolisthesis." Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học 179, no. 6 (2024): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52852/tcncyh.v179i6.2447.

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Minimally invasive surgery - transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) was considered as a promising treatment in lumbo-sacral spondylolisthesis, especially using intraoperative neuromonitoring will provide safer and faster recovery with less complications. The objective of this study was to confirmed the safety of the innovative MIS TLIF in releasing nerves without exposure. From 2022 to March 2024, 20 single-level lumbo-sacral spondylolisthesis was performed for indirect decompression using MIS TLIF with intraoperation neuromonitoring. During perioperative and follow-up, demographic

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Baranwal, Sunilkumar C., Suniti Kumar Saha, Sibaji Dasgupta, and BV Sandeep. "Unusual case report of an intraspinal foreign body presenting as a meningocoele." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (2016): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i4.14084.

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Background: Non missile penetrating foreign body of the lumbo-sacral region presenting as a pseudomeningocele is an extremely rare condition. No significant data regarding this isavailable in our hand till date. We are reporting here a unique case of penetrating foreign body spine with pseudomeningocele presenting as lumbo-sacral swelling in a 1 ½ year old child.Case Description: A 1½ year male child presented with painless, low back midline swelling gradually increasing in size for 6 months. Swelling increased in size on crying and coughing. There was no external scar mark. Plain radiography

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Avianto, Sukandar. "RELEVANSI PALPASI DALAM PEMERIKSAAN RADIOGRAFI." Jurnal Teras Kesehatan 2, no. 1 (2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38215/jutek.v2i1.30.

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Dalam menentukan batas-batas pemeriksaan dan titik pusat (CP) pada pemeriksaanradiografi abdomen, BNO, Vertebrae Lumbo Sacral dan radiografi sacrum,radiographer harus melakukan palpasi terhadap organ-organ tertentu, hal inidisebabkan organ yang ditentukan sebagai batas ternyata tertutup oleh bajupemeriksaan pengganti baju pasien ketika dilakukan pemeriksaan radiografi, salahsatu kegiatan palpasi dalam pemeriksaan radiologi yang dilakukan oleh radiographersangat mungkin bisa terkena pasal 335 KUHP tentang perbuatan orang lain yangtidak menyenangkan apalagi bila radiographer tidak memiliki SOP t

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Huchappa, Anand S., Karthik Raghuveer, and Anugrah Suresh. "Lithopedion: the calcified marvel." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 6 (2024): 1603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20241457.

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The term lithopedion was derived from the Greek words Lithos and Pedion. It is a rare ectopic pregnancy with incidence as low as 1.5-2.0% of all ectopics. An 80-year old female patient presented to the orthopaedic out-patient department with complaints of lower back pain and mild lower abdominal pain, no history of any trauma. The patient was a known case of Ttype II diabetes and hypertension on medication, no other comorbidities. The patient was referred to the department of radio-diagnosis, for plain radiograph of the lumbo-sacral spine, antero-posterior and lateral view for further evaluati

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Prost, Solène, Sébastien Pesenti, Bertrand Moal, et al. "Computation of Intersegmental Moments during Standing Posture: Can We Neglect the Horizontal Ground Reaction Force? Results from an Experimental Study." Advances in Orthopedics 2019 (November 13, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7129682.

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Background. The development of postural analysis thanks to force and pressure platforms, in order to determine the center of pressure, can be valuable in the setting of spinal malalignment. The purpose of this study was to compare “pressure” and “force” platforms for the evaluation of the center of pressure. In other words, can we neglect the horizontal ground reaction force in the evaluation of intersegmental moments during standing posture? Methods. Postural data from two healthy adult volunteers were analyzed. Analysis of the posture was done according to a protocol providing sagittal inter

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Bonnici, Georgiana Farrugia, and Ryan Grech. "Are Maltese General Practitioners’ Musculoskeletal Imaging Requests Indicated for Diagnostic or Clinical Management Purposes? – A Research Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 8 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i08.001.

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Research Objectives: This research study aimed to determine whether the patients' exposures to ionizing radiation via plain musculoskeletal radiography are indicated for the diagnostic or clinical management purposes, according to standards defined in the European Commission (Radiation safety 118) Referral Guidelines for Imaging (2001), as well as the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) i-Refer guidelines (2017). Research Methods: A non-experimental, exploratory research design was adopted to answer the objectives of this study. Data were collected through 694 electronic, musculoskeletal imagi

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Cuervo sierra, Jorge, Juan Esteban Arteaga Silva, Luis Eduardo Buitrago-Naranjo, et al. "An Unexplained Hyperphosphatemia in an Hispanic Woman , a Diagnosis Challenge." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 4751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-145447.

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Abstract Introduction Hyperphosphatemia could be a finding in renal failure, tumor lysis syndrome, hypoparathyroidism, and ingestion of exogenous phosphate. We present the case of a woman with hyperphosphatemia in which we finally diagnosed multiple myeloma, serum phosphate level achieved normal range after chemotherapy started. Although hyperphosphatemia in multiple myeloma is a very rare finding, there are some reports. The proposed mechanisms include a large amount of paraproteins that interferes with phosphorus level determination showing a false increased level. When samples have been dep

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Felix, U. Uduma, N. Dim Edwin, E. Nottidge Tim, and U. Eduwem Dianabasi. "Spondylolisthesis in a City in South South Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria." February 28, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7914.

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Background: Spondylolisthesis is a condition where one vertebra slips over the top of the adjacent vertebra. This is commonest in the lumbar spine. Objectives: To audit lumbo-sacral spine radiographs for spondylolisthesis with emphasis on localisations, sex distribution, types and grading. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out from1st May, 2011 to 21st June, 2012 in Radiology Department, University of Uyo teaching hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. Recruited patients were referrals for lumbo-sacral radiography irrespective of indications. Anterior-posterior and latera

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Kaur, Antarpreet, Shruti Chandak, Subhasish Panda, Arjit Agarwal, Ankur Malhotra, and Priyanka Singh. "Evaluation of Spinopelvic Parameters in Patients with Different Grades of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Lumbosacral Spine vs Normal Asymptomatic Population: A Retrospective Observational Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/64790.18062.

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Introduction: Spinopelvic malalignment causes continual backache. Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low backache. Understanding the relationship between spinopelvic parameters and IDD can help with better diagnosis and treatment and avoid unnecessary investigations. Aim: To measure radiographic spinopelvic parameters of patients diagnosed with varying grades of IDD in the lumbosacral spine on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and to compare them with radiographs of the asymptomatic population (controls). Materials and Methods: A hospital-based retrospective observati

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Neamah, Mustafa Jarullah, Liwa Abdullah Ali, and Ihssan S. Nema. "ANALYSIS OF LUMBO-SACRAL DISC PROLAPSE NEUROSURGICAL INTERVENTION." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 2, no. 5 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v2i5.45.

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Background: Low back pain is a common cause of pain and there are many causes. Finding the exact cause of the pain can help guide treatment and management. Objective: To evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnosis and surgical outcome of the treated patients with lumbar-disc prolapse. Patients and Methods: Patients selection done using neuroimagings like plain radiographs and MRI Scan of lumbosacral spine. The surgical procedures applied were laminectomy, foraminatomy and evacuation of herniated disc material. Patients were analyzed postoperatively for outcome according to the sy

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Patrice LWY Sinaga, Sabri, and Ridha Dharmajaya. "Tuberculosis of Sacrum: A Rare Location of Spinal Tuberculosis." Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J) 1, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/aanhs-j.v1i1.1127.

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Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. The thoracolumbar spine is the commonest form of vertebral tuberculosis, whereas isolated tuberculosis of the sacrum is rarely reported in the literature. A male patient of 22-year old had complained low back pain since 2 years before admission to hospital without history of trauma on back. He also got low-grade fever and weight loss. There was no tuberculosis contagion found, no cough or night sweat. Clinical examination revealed neurological deficit with strength of both lower extremities were 4 and hipestesia in the le

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Becker, Luis, Christian Hipfl, Friederike Schömig, et al. "The influence of lumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae in developmental dysplasia of the hip: a matched pair analysis." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37208-8.

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AbstractLumbo-sacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are the most common congenital alteration of the lumbo-sacral junction and known to significantly influence pelvic anatomy. However, the influence of LSTV on dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and the surgical treatment by periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) remains unknown. We retrospectively examined standardized standing anterior–posterior pelvic radiographs of 170 patients in 185 PAO procedures. Radiographs were examined for LSTV, lateral-central-edge-angle (LCEA), Tönnis-angle (TA), femoral-head-extrusion index (FHEI), and anterior-wall-index (AWI) an

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Sun, Zhuoran, Siyu Zhou, Shuai Jiang, Da Zou, Miao Yu, and Weishi Li. "Variations of Sagittal Alignment in Standing Versus Sitting Positions Under the Roussouly Classification in Asymptomatic Subjects." Global Spine Journal, October 8, 2020, 219256822096243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568220962436.

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Study Design: Prospective radiological analysis. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the sagittal spinopelvic alignment in the standing and sitting positions under the Roussouly classification in a healthy population. Methods: This study using standing and sitting lateral radiographs included 143 volunteers whose spinopelvic parameters were measured. The parameters were compared in the standing and sitting positions. The lumbo-pelvic profile was identified according to the Roussouly classification. The differences in the values of the parameters between the standing and sitting po

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Montanari, Sara, Cristiana Griffoni, Luca Cristofolini, Marco Girolami, Alessandro Gasbarrini, and Giovanni Barbanti Bròdano. "Correlation Between Sagittal Balance and Mechanical Distal Junctional Failure in Degenerative Pathology of the Spine: A Retrospective Analysis." Global Spine Journal, August 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21925682231195954.

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Study design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the failure of the caudal end of lumbar posterior fixation in terms of pre-operative and post-operative spinopelvic parameters, correction performed, demographic and clinical data. Methods The lumbar, thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral posterior fixations performed with pedicle screws and rods in 2017-2019 were retrospectively analyzed. As 81% failures occurred within 4 years, an observational period of 4 years was chosen. The revision surgeries due to the failure in the caudal end were collected in the junctional

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Sireesha, K. B. "Radiographic Evaluation of Lumbo Sacral Spine in Chronic Low Back a patients." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 7, no. 10 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i10.93.

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Moreanu, Mihai-Stelian, Ovidiu Zamfir, Alin-Vasile Chirtes, Augustin Dima, and Marian Mitrica. "GIANT LUMBO-SACRAL TUMORS." Romanian Neurosurgery, November 14, 2024, 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33962/roneuro-2024-109.

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Objectives Despite comprising just 8% of all spinal tumors, sacral tumors present a long list of issues that should be taken in consideration when neurosurgical approach is tempted. Their unique anatomic location, close relation with neural structures and pelvic organs and high-vascularity are just a few nuances of these type of conditions. This paper outline the importance of a good preoperative and intraoperative management in order to facilitate the maximum recovery of the patients. Material and Methods This paper analyses retrospectively a series of 2 cases of giant sacral tumors (>100

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Kouyoumdjian, Pascal, Jad Mansour, Vincent Haignère, et al. "Hip-Spine Relationship between Sagittal Balance of the Lumbo-Pelvi-Femoral Complex and Hip Extension Capacity: An EOS Evaluation in a Healthy Caucasian Population." Global Spine Journal, May 23, 2022, 219256822211038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21925682221103831.

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Study Design A prospective study of healthy volunteers Objectives The influence of the sagittal alignment of the spine and its influence on the extension reserve have been reported in the literature. However, specific analysis of the intrinsic coxofemoral and extrinsic pelvic component in subjects without any spinal or hip pathologies remains poorly reported. The aim of this study was to categorize the hip extension capacity, or extension reserve (ER), in relation to spinal sagittal alignment whilst standing, in a young healthy population. We hypothesized that the global extension reserve (GER

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Sardi, Juan Pablo, Bruno Lazaro, Thomas J. Buell, et al. "Determining the Magnitude of Surgery in Patients With Adult Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of the Role of Limited Fusions." Global Spine Journal 15, no. 3_suppl (2025). https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682231203656.

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Study Design Systematic review Objective The role of limited fusions compared with extensive reconstructions of the spine has not been well defined. The objective of this study is to review the current literature and provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the magnitude of surgery for patients with adult scoliosis, including indications and limitations of short-segment (≤3 levels) fusions. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid and Google-Scholar using the following terms: “adult spinal deformity”, “adult scoliosis”, “d

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Alvarez, Isabel, Kiley Poppino, Lori Karol, and Amy L. McIntosh. "Lack of in-brace x-rays in compliant AIS patients wearing full-time TLSO braces associates with failure." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 16, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02650-9.

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Abstract Background In-brace correction and brace compliance with thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthotic (TLSO) braces are associated with successful treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This paper compares patients who had consistent radiographic documentation of in-brace correction to those who did not. Methods All skeletally immature (Risser 0-2) patients were treated for AIS (25-45°) with full-time TLSO braces that had compliance temperature monitors. All patients wore their braces at least 12 h a day. Brace failure was defined as curve progression to a surgical magnitude (≥ 50°). Al

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