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Arango, Mónica Viviana, Ricardo Alfredo Rojas Medina, and Daniel Tabares Peralta. "Valoración de Opciones por el método de Black Scholes en R-project." Lúmina, no. 16 (December 16, 2015): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30554/lumina.16.1675.2015.
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Este artículo, profundiza el marco teó-rico que referencia el manejo de los Derivados Financieros, con el fin de comprender el uso de las Opciones Financieras para Acciones y su proceso de valoración, mediante el método de Black Scholes, con el propósito de ge-nerar una serie de instrucciones que al ser aplicadas en el programa R-Project, se obtenga el valor y se generen resul-tados de una manera rápida y sencilla, requeridos para el análisis en la toma de decisiones.
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Osman, Saripah. "Impak insentif ekonomi terhadap golongan berpendapatan rendah Program Perumahan Rakyat, Kuala Lumpur." Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 14, no. 1 (2018): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/geo-2018-1401-05.
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Viana, Laíssa De Araújo, Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro, Álvaro Nogueira de Souza, Carlos Pedro Boechat Soares, Maísa Santos Joaquim, and Lidiomar Soares Da Costa. "OPTIMIZATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTIPRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM WOOD OF EUCALYPTUS STANDS UNDER DIFFERENT PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY CLASSES AND ROTATION AGES." FLORESTA 51, no. 2 (2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i2.63729.
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The present study aimed to analyze the yield and economic viability of the destination, for lumber and energy, of the wood from non-thinned stands of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis under different productive capacity class and whose production was projected by individual tree growth model to different ages. The simulation of the growth of individual trees was performed by applying the height and diameter growth, and mortality sub-models for three productive capacity classes: high, medium and low. The Kozak model was adjusted to study the stem taper and, in addition, used to optimize patterns for sawing logs and to produce lumber. The economic viability of the projects was evaluated by Net Present Value, Equivalent Periodic Benefit and risk analysis using the Monte Carlo method. It was observed that in areas with less productive capacity the volume of wood destined for energy was greater than 80% and, in areas with greater productive capacity the volume of lumber was greater than 26%. Economic indicators showed that the lumber production was viable at any of the studied rotation age. The risk analysis using the Monte Carlo method did not indicate the possibility of the project being unfeasible under the conditions analyzed. The quantity of different types of products obtained and the wood yield depends on the productive capacity class and age of the stand. The destination of the wood for multiproducts is the most viable option, regardless of the productive capacity class.
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Matsuura, Yuiko, Mika Hangai, Keisuke Koizumi, et al. "Injury trend analysis in the Japan national swim team from 2002 to 2016: effect of the lumbar injury prevention project." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5, no. 1 (2019): e000615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000615.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the trends of injury occurrence in the Japan national swim team for 15 years and to evaluate the effectiveness of the lumbar injury prevention project. It also aimed to verify the incidence of swimming-related injuries among swimmers by sex, age and swimming style.MethodsThe target group comprised 488 swimmers who participated in the Olympics, Asian Games and Universiade from 2002 to 2016; we compiled data for the total number of injuries in each body part. The lumbar injury prevention project started in 2008 and included two components (deep trunk muscle exercises and evaluation of lumbar disc degeneration using MRI). We analysed the prevalence of lumbar injury before (2002–2008) and after (2009–2016) implementation of the lumbar injury prevention project by χ2 test. We compared age, sex and swim strokes between the injured and non-injured groups by χ2 test and unpaired t-test.ResultsThe most common injury site was the lower back, followed by the shoulder and knee. The lumbar injury prevalence was significantly lower after implementation of the prevention project (23.5% vs 14.8%; p<0.05). Shoulder injuries were common in backstroke swimmers. The injury rate was significantly higher in female than in male swimmers. The injured group was significantly older than the non-injured group.ConclusionsLumbar injury prevention intervention might be effective to prevent lower back injury in swimmers. Injury risk factors included female and old age; younger female athletes should prevent the development of injuries as they mature.
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Kervinen, Anttoni, Anna Uitto, Arja Kaasinen, Päivi Portaankorva-Koivisto, Kalle Juuti, and Merike Kesler. "Developing a collaborative model in teacher education – An overview of a teacher professional development project." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 4, no. 2 (2016): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.4.2.33.
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The article discusses the development of an educational model intended to support teachers’ professional development in science education. In this research and development project, LumaLähetit, pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and teacher educators formed teams to collaboratively plan teaching and produce material for inquiry-based and integrative science instruction in primary schools. The results are based on three design cycles of the model. Thus far, ten schools, 24 in-service teachers, 30 pre-service teachers, and 560 pupils have participated. The results, which are based on the qualitative content analysis of participants’ open answers to a questionnaire, indicate that the developed collaborative model for science education supported preservice teachers and in-service teachers’ professional development in many ways. Several processes mediating the embodiment of the designed model were identified, especially during the second or third design cycles. Participants reflected on theory and practice. They experienced increased knowledge about inquiry and integrative approaches, collaborated in teams to some extent, and found this to be supportive during the project. Also, pre-service teachers appreciated the opportunity to teach in the schools. In general, careful goal setting, collaboration between the participants, and guidance by teacher educators during the initiation of the project were found to be crucial to the further success of the project. The results highlight a need for further research in order to better meet to the challenges of team teaching, inquiry-based instruction, and integrative teaching. The designed model was developed between the cycles and must be further developed in the future, especially in terms of supporting collaboration and clarifying theoretical concepts during the project.
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Keenan, F. J., J. Kryla, and B. Kyokong. "Shear strength of spruce glued—laminated timber beams." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (1985): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-073.
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The effect of size on longitudinal shear strength has been well established for Douglas-fir glued–laminated (glulam) timber beams. The present study examined whether this phenomenon exists in glulam beams made of spruce. The experiment consisted of three projects in which beams of various sizes were tested under concentrated mid-span load. The project A beams had clear spruce webs and white elm flanges with cross-sectional dimensions varying from 25 × 25 mm to 75 × 75 mm. The project B beams had spruce glulam webs with Douglas-fir flanges; cross sections ranged from 20 × 100 mm to 90 × 200 mm. In project C, three groups of 10 replications of commercially representative sizes of glulam beams were made from stiffness-rated spruce–pine–fir lumber. The beam cross sections were 76 × 200 mm, 76 × 400 mm, and 127 × 400 mm.The results indicated that depth, width, and shear plane had significant effects on the longitudinal shear strength of the beams in project A. Depth, width, and shear span of the small glulam beams in project B also had highly significant effects on shear strength. However, no effects of depth and width on the shear strength of glulam beams in project C were found. Regression analysis showed no dependence of shear strength on sheared volume for the beams of all three projects. The three-parameter Weibull model also failed to predict the near-minimum shear strength of spruce glulam beams. The results suggested that the lower-bound shear strength of spruce glulam beams is a constant (regardless of beam volume) and could be used as a single characteristic value for glulam design in shear. Further review of published data indicates that this may also be the case for Douglas-fir glulam but with a lower characteristic value than for spruce.
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NUNES, CAROLLINE POPOVICZ, ÁLYNSON LAROCCA KULCHESKI, PAULA ADAMO DE ALMEIDA, EDMAR STIEVEN FILHO, and XAVIER SOLER GRAELLS. "CREATION OF A LOW-COST ENDOSCOPIC FLAVECTOMY TRAINING MODEL." Coluna/Columna 19, no. 3 (2020): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120201903227933.
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ABSTRACT Objective The objective of the study was the development of a low cost simulator of the endoscopic lumbar spine flavectomy technique for use as a teaching method in order to make endoscopic training more accessible. Methods The study was a descriptive research project conducted at the Orthopedic Skills Laboratory of the Health Sciences Department of the Federal University of Paraná. Easily accessible, low cost materials, such as a commercial-use mannequin, EVA plastic, PVC and copper tubing were used to develop the simulator.. Results At the end of the project, it was possible to build a simulator of the endoscopic lumbar spine flavectomy technique with a budget of approximately 464 BRL, or approximately 140 USD. Conclusions We concluded that it was possible to build an endoscopic lumbar spine flavectomy technique simulator on a budget of less than half a Brazilian minimum monthly wage, which makes training more accessible to academics, residents and surgeons. Level of Evidence V; Expert opinion.
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Robson, Stuart, Lindsay MacDonald, Stephen Kyle, and Mark R. Shortis. "CLOSE RANGE CALIBRATION OF LONG FOCAL LENGTH LENSES IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-115-2016.
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University College London is currently developing a large-scale multi-camera system for dimensional control tasks in manufacturing, including part machining, assembly and tracking, as part of the Light Controlled Factory project funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council. In parallel, as part of the EU LUMINAR project funded by the European Association of National Metrology Institutes, refraction models of the atmosphere in factory environments are being developed with the intent of modelling and eliminating the effects of temperature and other variations. The accuracy requirements for both projects are extremely demanding, so accordingly improvements in the modelling of both camera imaging and the measurement environment are essential. At the junction of these two projects lies close range camera calibration. The accurate and reliable calibration of cameras across a realistic range of atmospheric conditions in the factory environment is vital in order to eliminate systematic errors. This paper demonstrates the challenge of experimentally isolating environmental effects at the level of a few tens of microns. Longer lines of sight promote the use and calibration of a near perfect perspective projection from a Kern 75mm lens with maximum radial distortion of the order of 0.5m. Coordination of a reference target array, representing a manufactured part, is achieved to better than 0.1mm at a standoff of 8m. More widely, results contribute to better sensor understanding, improved mathematical modelling of factory environments and more reliable coordination of targets to 0.1mm and better over large volumes.
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Robson, Stuart, Lindsay MacDonald, Stephen Kyle, and Mark R. Shortis. "CLOSE RANGE CALIBRATION OF LONG FOCAL LENGTH LENSES IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-115-2016.
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University College London is currently developing a large-scale multi-camera system for dimensional control tasks in manufacturing, including part machining, assembly and tracking, as part of the Light Controlled Factory project funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council. In parallel, as part of the EU LUMINAR project funded by the European Association of National Metrology Institutes, refraction models of the atmosphere in factory environments are being developed with the intent of modelling and eliminating the effects of temperature and other variations. The accuracy requirements for both projects are extremely demanding, so accordingly improvements in the modelling of both camera imaging and the measurement environment are essential. At the junction of these two projects lies close range camera calibration. The accurate and reliable calibration of cameras across a realistic range of atmospheric conditions in the factory environment is vital in order to eliminate systematic errors. This paper demonstrates the challenge of experimentally isolating environmental effects at the level of a few tens of microns. Longer lines of sight promote the use and calibration of a near perfect perspective projection from a Kern 75mm lens with maximum radial distortion of the order of 0.5m. Coordination of a reference target array, representing a manufactured part, is achieved to better than 0.1mm at a standoff of 8m. More widely, results contribute to better sensor understanding, improved mathematical modelling of factory environments and more reliable coordination of targets to 0.1mm and better over large volumes.
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Harrop, James, Alexandra Emes, Ameet Chitale, et al. "Are Guidelines Important? Results of a Prospective Quality Improvement Lumbar Fusion Project." Neurosurgery 89, no. 1 (2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab062.
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Abstract BACKGROUND United States (U.S.) healthcare is a volume-based inefficient delivery system. Value requires the consideration of quality, which is lacking in most healthcare disciplines. OBJECTIVE To assess whether patients who met specific evidence-based medicine (EBM)-based criteria preoperatively for lumbar fusion would achieve higher rates of achieving the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) than those who did not meet the EBM indications. METHODS All elective lumbar fusion cases, March 2018 to August 2019, were prospectively evaluated and categorized based on EBM guidelines for surgical indications. The MCID was defined as a reduction of ≥5 points in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Multiple logistic regression identified multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of EBM concordance. RESULTS A total of 325 lumbar fusion patients were entered with 6-mo follow-up data available for 309 patients (95%). The median preoperative ODI score was 24.4 with median 6-mo improvement of 7.0 points (P &lt; .0001). Based on ODI scores, 79.6% (246/309) improved, 3.8% (12/309) had no change, and 16% (51/309) worsened. A total of 191 patients had ODI improvement reaching the MCID. 93.2% (288/309) cases were EBM concordant, while 6.7% (21/309) were not. In multivariate analysis, EBM concordance (P = .0338), lower preoperative ODI (P &lt; .001), lower ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) (P = .0056), and primary surgeries (P = .0004) were significantly associated with improved functional outcome. EBM concordance conferred a 3.04 (95% CI 1.10-8.40) times greater odds of achieving MCID in ODI at 6 mo (P = .0322), adjusting for other factors. CONCLUSION This analysis provides validation of EBM guideline criteria to establish optimal patient outcomes. The EBM concordant patients had a greater than 3 times improved outcome compared to those not meeting EBM fusion criteria.
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Perez-Garcia, John, and J. Kent Barr. "Lumber Manufacturing, Log Exports, and Timber Availability in Western Washington." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (2007): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.1.15.
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Abstract We analyzed historical data on timber use and projected timber availability to 2045 to examine whether timber volumes would be available to meet the harvest requirements of existing or expanding lumber manufacturing and log export sectors in western Washington. Biennial mill surveys from the Washington Department of Natural Resources were used to describe past timber demand by the sawmilling and log exporting sectors. A simple linear programming model was used to project timber availability into the future. Our analysis revealed that current harvest levels could continue into the future, under some restricting assumptions, and can provide adequate timber volume to maintain the current lumber manufacturing sector. The projection also suggested that sawmilling capacity could expand if log exports should continue to decline. The projections are further analyzed with respect to historical distributions by species.
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Zhang, Xiangyang. "Weightlifter Lumbar Physiology Health Influence Factor Analysis of Sports Medicine." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701509010266.
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Chinese women's weightlifting project has been in the advanced world level, suggesting that the Chinese coaches and athletes have many successful experiences in the weight lifting training. Little weight lifting belongs to high-risk sports, often leading to the lumbar spine injury; some young good athletes, often due to lumbar trauma, had to retire, and the national investment and athletes toil is regret things. This article, based on weightlifting athletes training situation analysis, presents suggestions from the perspective of sports medicine, aimed at avoiding lumbar injury, guaranteeing the health of athletes. In this paper, first of all, 50 professional women's weightlifting athletes were investigated, and it was found that 82% of the athletes suffered from lumbar disease symptoms. The reason was mainly lumbar strain of high intensity and motion error caused by three factors. On the basis of sports medicine and the characteristics of the structure of human body skeleton athletes lumbar structural mechanics analysis, find out the lumbar force's two biggest technical movement, study, and regulate the action standard, so as to minimize lumbar force, for athletes to contribute to the health of the lumbar spine.
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McGirt, Matthew J., Theodore Speroff, Robert S. Dittus, Frank E. Harrell, and Anthony L. Asher. "The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD): general overview and pilot-year project description." Neurosurgical Focus 34, no. 1 (2013): E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.10.focus12297.
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Given the unsustainable costs of US health care, universal agreement exists among payers, regulatory agencies, and other health care stakeholders that reform must include substantial improvements in the quality, effectiveness, and value of health care delivery. The Institute of Medicine and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 have called for the establishment of prospective registries to capture patient-centered data from real-world practice as a high priority to guide evidence-based reform. As a result, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons launched the National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database (N2QOD) and began enrolling patients in March 2012 into its initial pilot project: a web-based lumbar spine module. As a nationwide, prospective longitudinal registry utilizing patient reported outcome instruments, the N2QOD lumbar spine surgery pilot aims to systematically measure and aggregate surgical safety and 1-year postoperative outcome data from approximately 30 neurosurgical practices across the US with the primary aim of demonstrating the feasibility and validity of standardized 1-year outcome measurement from everyday real-world practice. At the end of the pilot year, 1) risk-adjusted modeling will be developed for the safety, quality, and effectiveness of lumbar surgical care (morbidity, readmission, improvements in pain, disability, quality of life, and return to work); 2) data integrity and validation will be demonstrated via internal quality control analyses and auditing, and 3) the feasibility of obtaining a high level of follow-up (~80%) of nationwide 1-year outcome measurement will be established. N2QOD will use only prospective clinical data, will avoid the use of administrative data proxies, and will rely on neurosurgically relevant risk factors for risk adjustment. Once national benchmarks of quality and effectiveness are accurately established and validated utilizing practice-based data extractors in the pilot year, N2QOD aims to introduce non–full-time employee (FTE)–dependent methodologies such as electronic medical record auto-extraction. N2QOD's non–FTE-dependent methodologies can then be validated against practice-based data extractor–derived measures of safety and effectiveness with the aim of more rapid expansion into the majority of US practice groups. The general overview, methods, and registry design of the N2QOD pilot year (lumbar module) are presented here.
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Brandt, Kristin, Greg Latta, Dane Camenzind, et al. "Projected cross-laminated timber demand and lumber supply analysis." BioResources 16, no. 1 (2020): 862–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.862-881.
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The use of cross-laminated lumber (CLT) for building construction has gained interest in the United States (US) and Canada. Although anecdotal market size claims exist, few quantitative studies have estimated the potential market size or discussed the impact of CLT on lumber supply. This paper presents a method to quantify CLT markets and lumber supplies based on data for the Northwest US. The western US was chosen for its early adoption of CLT combined with a long history of commercial timber construction. Structural designs of archetype buildings were combined with projected multifamily residential and commercial building construction to estimate the demand for CLT. These figures were reduced to account for assumptions that address market penetration and population density. In the case study for the Northwest, the total potential market is less than the existing CLT production in western North America. Thus, the demand region was expanded to include the US and Canada west of the Rocky Mountains, resulting in an estimated demand of 800,000 m3/yr by 2030. A regional lumber supply study suggests that the lumber supply will support the existing CLT industry, which utilizes approximately 2% of the selected lumber classifications, with an unknown impact on lumber cost and production.
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Pencic, Marko, Branislav Borovac, Dusan Kovacevic, and Maja Cavic. "Development of the multi-segment lumbar spine for humanoid robots." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 2 (2016): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151005040p.
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The paper presents development of multi-segment lumbar structure based on the human spine. The research is performed within the project based on development of socially acceptable robot named "SARA". Two approaches for spine realization of humanoids exist: multi-joint viscoelastic structures (5-10 joints) that have variable flexibility and structures that consist of one joint - torso/waist joint, which has low elasticity and high stiffness. We propose multi-joint flexible structure with stiff, low backlash and self-locking mechanisms that require small actuators. Based on kinematic-dynamic requirements dynamical model of robot is formed. Dynamical simulation is performed for several postures of the robot and driving torques of lumbar structure are determined. During development of the lumbar structure 16 variant solutions are considered. Developed lumbar structure consists of three equal segments, it has 6 DOFs (2 DOFs per segment) and allows movements of lateral flexion ?30? and torsion ?45?, as well as the combination of these two movements. In development phase the movements of flexion/extension are excluded, for the bending of the body forward to an angle of 45? is achieved by rotation in the hip joints. Proposed solution of the lumbar structure is characterized by self-locking of mechanisms (if for any reason actuators stop working, lumbar structure retains current posture), low backlash (high positioning accuracy and repeatability of movements), compactness, high carrying capacity and small dimensions.
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Zhang, Xue, and Hongshu Jin. "Lumbar shape factors extraction influencing the ratio of waist-darts’ volumes for young female." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123701013.
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To improve the fitness of bottoms of individuals, this study is proposed to extract lumbar shape factors influencing the ratio of waist dart’s volumes of young females. A total of 27 measurement items including lumbar shapes and waist dart’s volumes were collected through overlapped graphics of lumbar feature sections obtained from 30 female college students aged 18 and 24via 3D body scanning method. Results of correlation analysis showed that the total waist dart’s volume was significantly correlated with the lateral lumbar bending level (ytc), and the ratio of each waist dart’s volume was significantly correlated with lumbar anteversion angle (β), lumbar anteverted amount (ytq) and buttock projected volume (ab) respectively with a correlation coefficient above r=0.7. Furthermore, a total of 2 factors with a characteristic value that was larger than 1 were extracted through principle component analysis, whose cumulative contribution rate reached 80.241%. Principle Component 1 represented factors of lumbar anteversion, which was related to the ratio of anterior/posterior waist dart’s volume; and Principle Component 2 represented the lateral lumbar shape characteristics affecting the total waist dart’s volume.
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Homagain, Krish, Chander Shahi, Mathew Leitch, Nancy Luckai, and F. Wayne Bell. "Differences in Extrinsic Tree Quality and Value of Fibre Production Following Alternative Vegetation Management Treatments in Northwestern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 87, no. 02 (2011): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2011-012.
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We examined differences in stem quality, and volume and value of fibre produced by planted white spruce 16 years after vegetation management treatments in northwestern Ontario. Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVSOntario) was used to project the total and merchantable volume to age 70 and BUCK-2 was used to optimize the resulting product mix. Projected value was based on 2009 prices for hog fuel, pulpwood and SPF (spruce–pine–fir) eastern green lumber prices. At 16 years posttreatment, gross total volumes in herbicide-treated and mechanically cut plots were significantly higher (120%–165% and 94%–98%, respectively) than that in control plots (14.73 m3 ha-1). Based on height, diameter, and taper criteria, observed tree quality did not differ among treatments. The projected value of the fibre produced was 36% to 53% higher in herbicide- treated plots and 24% to 37% higher in mechanically cut plots than in control plots ($18 486.76 per ha).
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Laziza, Kathleen. "Laziza Videodance and Lumia Project: The Intersection of Dance, Technology and Performance Art." Leonardo 29, no. 3 (1996): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1576242.
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Keenan, F. J., M. M. Lepper, A. T. Quaile, and E. N. Aplin. "Behaviour of truss plate and metal web joints in machine-stress-rated lumber trusses." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (1985): 700–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-076.
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In project A, 1500 pieces of 38 × 89 mm spruce–pine–fir lumber from three mills, in two machine-stress-rated (MSR) grades, 1650f–1.5E and 2100f–1.8E, were proof-loaded to obtain the mean modulus of elasticity, the fifth percentile modulus of elasticity, and the fifth percentile modulus of rupture. Relative density was measured for each piece, and values of the 33.3 and 52.3 percentiles of the relative density ranges were determined for each species/grade category and related to the minimum values stipulated by the National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA) Special Product Standard SPS-2-82 for machine-stress-rated lumber. The values of relative density at the 33.3 and 52.3 percentiles that will cause the NLGA mean modulus of elasticity MOE (mean), criterion to be just barely satisfied were estimated.In project B, the lateral resistances of 480 truss plate joints were determined. The variables were two common types of truss plates (thicknesses of 0.91 mm and 1.5 mm) in two grades of MSR lumber (1650f–1.5E and 2100f–1.8E) subdivided into two species groups (pine alone and spruce–fir combined), tested at four orientations of load to grain and load to plate axis. These tests showed that, in most cases, an increase in the design capacity of truss plates in MSR lumber over the values now used for spruce–pine–fir lumber is justified.In project C, 30 commercially designed metal web floor trusses of three span/depth combinations were tested to determine their stiffnesses and strengths. Trusses with 2100f grade lumber in the chords were stiffer than the trusses with 1650f chords. In both grades, larger trusses are relatively less stiff than smaller trusses. With respect to strength, the results indicate that higher design values may be used with higher grades of MSR lumber provided that design is governed by either tooth withdrawal at the joints or by chord strength. An improved analytical model, taking into account four distinct failure modes, is required for the behaviour of floor trusses. Key words: machine-stress-rated lumber, truss plates, trusses, metal webs, strength, density.
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Chui, Y. H. "Grade yields and wood properties of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the Maritimes." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 4 (1995): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71473-4.
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Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the major non-native softwood species in the Maritimes. A project was undertaken to evaluate the grade yields and mechanical properties of Norway spruce. The project also provided comparative information on the wood quality of two Norway spruce provenances from Germany and Poland. Four plantations were selected for the study with two of these plantations containing trees of known provenances. One plantation was mature and the other three were juvenile. In total, 530 pieces of lumber and the same number of matched small clear specimens were tested for bending properties. Prior to testing, the lumber was visually graded according to both British and Canadian specifications. Quality of lumber varied significantly between sites. Lumber from the Polish provenance had slightly better mechanical properties than that from trees of the German provenance. Compared with published information, the plantation-grown Norway spruce had lower clear wood bending properties and specific gravity than primary eastern Canadian spruce species and balsam fir, and natural Norway spruce grown in Europe. Key words: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], wood quality, bending properties, grade yield
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Oti, Takumi, Ryota Ueda, Ryoko Kumagai, et al. "Sexual Experience Induces the Expression of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide and Oxytocin Receptors in the Spinal Ejaculation Generator in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910362.
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Male sexual function in mammals is controlled by the brain neural circuits and the spinal cord centers located in the lamina X of the lumbar spinal cord (L3–L4). Recently, we reported that hypothalamic oxytocin neurons project to the lumbar spinal cord to activate the neurons located in the dorsal lamina X of the lumbar spinal cord (dXL) via oxytocin receptors, thereby facilitating male sexual activity. Sexual experiences can influence male sexual activity in rats. However, how this experience affects the brain–spinal cord neural circuits underlying male sexual activity remains unknown. Focusing on dXL neurons that are innervated by hypothalamic oxytocinergic neurons controlling male sexual function, we examined whether sexual experience affects such neural circuits. We found that >50% of dXL neurons were activated in the first ejaculation group and ~30% in the control and intromission groups in sexually naïve males. In contrast, in sexually experienced males, ~50% of dXL neurons were activated in both the intromission and ejaculation groups, compared to ~30% in the control group. Furthermore, sexual experience induced expressions of gastrin-releasing peptide and oxytocin receptors in the lumbar spinal cord. This is the first demonstration of the effects of sexual experience on molecular expressions in the neural circuits controlling male sexual activity in the spinal cord.
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Antoniazzi, Franco, Elena Monti, Giacomo Venturi, et al. "GH in combination with bisphosphonate treatment in osteogenesis imperfecta." European Journal of Endocrinology 163, no. 3 (2010): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-10-0208.
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ObjectiveTo verify the effects of bisphosphonates (Bps) in combination with recombinant human GH (rGH) in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients; we focused on possible improvement of bone mineral density (BMD), projected bone areas, growth velocity, and fractures risk.DesignA randomized controlled 1-year clinical trial on 30 prepubertal children (M:F=14:16) affected by OI (type I, IV, and III) being treated with neridronate.MethodsFollowing an observational period of 12 months during ongoing neridronate treatment, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: 15 were treated for 12 months with rGH and neridronate (group Bp+rGH) and 15 continued neridronate alone (group Bp). We evaluated auxological parameters, number of fractures, bone age (BA), bone metabolic parameters, and bone mass measurements (at lumbar spine and radius by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).ResultsThe mean variation in percentage of BMD (Δ%BMD) – at lumbar spine (L2–L4), at distal and ultradistal radius – and the projected area of lumbar spine increased significantly in group Bp+rGH (P<0.05). Growth velocity was significantly higher during rGH treatment in group Bp+rGH versus group Bp and versus pretreatment (P<0.05), with no difference in increase in BA or fracture risk rate. Patients with quantitative (-qt) collagen synthesis defects had a higher, although not significant, response to rGH in terms of growth velocity and BMD.ConclusionsIn OI patients, the combined rGH–Bp treatment may give better results than Bp treatment alone, in terms of BMD, lumbar spine projected area and growth velocity, particularly in patients with quantitative defects.
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Spaschi, Cosmin-Florentin. "From Extinction to the Recreation of the Living World: the Creative Dimension of Fatigue in the Posthuman Project." Journal for Social Media Inquiry 3, no. 1 (2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/jsmi/3.1/17.
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In this article, I will follow the posthuman vision to describe the contemporary era. As Rosi Braidotti illustrates, this moment is defined by a continuous balance between optimism and anxiety. Therefore, we are talking about a culture of fatigue that is more and more present today. On this subject, we find three fundamental forms: theory fatigue, post-work fatigue, and democracy fatigue. I will make a presentation of all these forms, proving that the current capitalist paradigm leads us to a series of crises. Whether we are talking about the health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, an economic crisis, or an ecological crisis, the current situation is problematic. However, the position promoted by the posthuman project starts from these appearances and tries to develop an affirmative conception. As Braidotti illustrates, this aspect does not mean dismissing the crises in the world. On the contrary, we are talking about understanding the problematic aspects as an appeal for change. Therefore, in the model developed by Braidotti, we encounter a posthuman and post-anthropocentric turn that defines this model of thinking. Then, we observe an extension of the dimension of "us", which eliminates any forms of discrimination. Based on such premises, new disciplines are developed, illustrating the posthuman vision. Consequently, in the last part of the article, I will describe the posthuman project, to illustrate how these crises could be eliminated.
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Goode, A. P., A. E. Nelson, V. B. Kraus, J. B. Renner, and J. M. Jordan. "Biomarkers reflect differences in osteoarthritis phenotypes of the lumbar spine: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 25, no. 10 (2017): 1672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.007.
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Sekiguchi, Miho, Koji Yonemoto, Tatsuyuki Kakuma, et al. "Relationship between lumbar spinal stenosis and psychosocial factors: a multicenter cross-sectional study (DISTO project)." European Spine Journal 24, no. 10 (2015): 2288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-015-4002-2.
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Mangla, Mahima, Thomas D. Cha, Janet M. Dorrwachter, et al. "Increasing the use of patient decision aids in orthopaedic care: results of a quality improvement project." BMJ Quality & Safety 27, no. 5 (2017): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007019.
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ObjectiveTo integrate patient decision aid (DA) delivery to promote shared decision-making and provide more patient-centred care within an orthopaedic surgery department for treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis, lumbar herniated disc and lumbar spinal stenosis.MethodsDifferent strategies were used across three distinct phases to promote DA delivery. First, we used a quality improvement bonus to generate awareness and interest in the DAs among specialists. Second, we adapted the electronic referral management system to enable DA orders at referral to a specialist. Third, we engaged clinic staff and specialists to design workflows that promoted DA delivery. We tracked the number of patients who received a DA, who ordered the DA, and collected usage data from a subset of patients. Our target was to reach 60% of patients with DAs.ResultsIn phase 1, 28% (43/155) of spine patients and 37% (114/308) of hip/knee patients received a DA. In phase 2, 54% (64/118) of spine referrals and 58% (189/324) of hip/knee referrals included a request to send a patient a DA. In phase 3, 56% (90/162) of spine patients and 69% (213/307) of hip/knee patients received a DA, significantly more than in phase 1 (P<0.0001). In phase 3, both more DAs were ordered by clinic staff compared with specialists (56% phase 3 vs 34% phase 1, P<0.001) and sent before the visit (74% phase 3 vs 17% phase 1, P<0.001). Patients were more likely to report reviewing the DA when delivered before the visit (63% before vs 50% after, P=0.005).ConclusionDA implementation into clinic workflow is possible and facilitated by engagement of the entire care team and the support of health information technology.
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Wolff, Charlotta. "Lhitage des Lumies: The Enlightenment as an unfinished and morally demanding project." Approaching Religion 1, no. 2 (2011): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.67480.
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The French Enlightenment and the Revolution of 1789 have commonly been seen as forerunners of modern Western European democracies and democratic values such as inalienable human rights, freedom from oppression, equality, religious tolerance, social security and happiness, inherited partly from the Anglo-American revolutions and partly from the radical French philosophes of the last third of the eighteenth century. Historians interested in the culture of the age of Enlightenment have long been looking for the movement in itself, studying the forms of participation and the places where Enlightenment ideals, described and impersonated by men like Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, were propagated. As much as ‘the Enlightenment’ itself is not a homogeneous philosophical trend, recent historical research has shown that the social and cultural practices of eighteenth-century philosophic-al circles were far from corresponding to the ideals of equality and liberty commonly associated with the Enlightenment. A second bias in our interpretations of the Enlightenment is the central place given to values commonly associated with it in the legitimisation of modern democracies, while in the meantime, other phenomena of the age of Enlightenment, such as cosmopolitanism, are misunderstood or rejected because of, for example, the idea of national primacy. This article is concerned with how the strengthening of the focus in cultural history on social practices has changed our picture of the Enlightenment as a movement, but also with the difficulties experienced by historians who are intellectually and morally indebted to the Enlightenment in constructing a credible picture of this movement in a time when its legacy is subject to political debate.
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Caleffi, M., S. Simon, J. Bines, et al. "The AMAZONA Project: Retrospective Cohort Study Describing Breast Cancer Patients' Characteristics and Survival in Brazil." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 219s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.88600.
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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Brazil and worldwide. There is large variation in survival among patients and molecular subtypes are important prognostic factors. However, most of the data comes from developed countries such as the United States and in Europe. Aim: Our goal was to describe breast cancer patients' demographic and pathologic characteristics, as well as their survival according to estimated molecular subtypes, assessed by common immunohistochemistry stains. Methods: AMAZONA study is a retrospective cohort conducted from June 2008 to January 2009 including women of at least 18 years old, with histologically proven breast cancer diagnosed in the period between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2001 and between 1 January 2006 and 31 December. Estimated molecular subtypes by local immunohistochemical stains were luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 positive and triple-negative. Data were obtained from medical records and public databases. Kaplan-Meier method was used for data description and log-rank test for comparison between the subgroups. Results: 2296 patients were included in this analysis. Mean age was 54 years. Most subjects included came from hospitals located in the southeast region of the country, treated in the public health system and had stage II invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Regarding subtype, 71.3% had hormonal receptor positive disease, 15.7% were HER-2 positive and 21.1% had triple-negative breast cancer. Overall survival (OS) was significantly different among molecular subtypes and was independent of pathologic stage for stages II and III patients. For stage III patients 5-years OS for luminal A subtype was 75.8% and for triple-negative was 56.1% ( P .0002). Conclusion: Classification of breast cancer patients in predicted molecular subtypes using immunohistochemistry is currently available in most underdeveloped countries and is a useful prognostic tool that goes beyond clinical or pathologic stage.
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Dąbrowska-Tkaczyk, Anna, Anna Floriańczyk, Roman Grygoruk, Konstanty Skalski, and Piotr Borkowski. "Virtual and Material Models of Human Thoracic-Lumbar Spine with Compressive Fracture Based on Patients' CT Data and the Rapid Prototyping Technique." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 58, no. 4 (2011): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10180-011-0026-2.
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Virtual and Material Models of Human Thoracic-Lumbar Spine with Compressive Fracture Based on Patients' CT Data and the Rapid Prototyping TechniqueThe paper presents the development procedures for both virtual 3D-CAD and material models of fractured segments of human spine formulated with the use of computer tomography (CT) and rapid prototyping (RP) technique. The research is a part of the project within the framework of which a database is developed, comprising both 3D-CAD and material models of segments of thoracic-lumbar spine in which one vertebrae is subjected to compressive fracture for a selected type of clinical cases. The project is devoted to relocation and stabilisation procedures of fractured vertebrae made with the use of ligamentotaxis method. The paper presents models developed for five patients and, for comparison purposes, one for a normal spine. The RP material models have been built basing on the corresponding 3D-CAD ones with the use of fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. 3D imaging of spine segments in terms of 3D-CAD and material models allows for the analysis of bone structures, classification of clinical cases and provides the surgeons with the data helpful in choosing the proper way of treatment. The application of the developed models to numerical and experimental simulations of relocation procedure of fractured vertebra is planned.
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Miller, A. D., K. Ezure, and I. Suzuki. "Control of abdominal muscles by brain stem respiratory neurons in the cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 1 (1985): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.1.155.
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Control of abdominal musculature by brain stem respiratory neurons was studied in decerebrate unanesthetized cats by determining 1) which brain stem respiratory neurons could be antidromically activated from the lumbar cord, from which the abdominal muscles receive part of their innervation, and 2) if lumbar-projecting respiratory neurons make monosynaptic connections with abdominal motoneurons. A total of 462 respiratory neurons, located between caudal C2 and the retrofacial nucleus (Botzinger complex), were tested for antidromic activation from the upper lumbar cord. Fifty-eight percent of expiratory (E) neurons (70/121) in the caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) between the obex and rostral C1 were antidromically activated from contralateral L1. Eight of these neurons were activated at low thresholds from lamina VIII and IX in the L1-2 gray matter. One-third (14/41) of the E neurons that projected to L1 could also be activated from L4-5. Almost all antidromic E neurons had an augmenting firing pattern. Ten scattered inspiratory (I) neurons projected to L1 but could not be activated from L4-5. No neurons that fired during both E and I phases (phase-spanning neurons) were antidromically activated from the lumbar cord. In order to test for possible monosynaptic connections between descending E neurons and abdominal motoneurons, cross-correlations were obtained between 27 VRG E neurons, which were antidromically activated from caudal L2 and contralateral L1 and L2 abdominal nerve activity (47 neuron-nerve combinations). Only two neurons showed a correlation with one of the two nerves tested. Although there is a large projection to the lumbar cord from expiratory neurons in the ventral respiratory group caudal to the obex, cross-correlation analyses suggest that strong monosynaptic connections between these neurons and abdominal motoneurons are scarce.
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Chang, Wei-Yew, and Chris Gaston. "The competitiveness of Canadian softwood lumber: a disaggregated trade-flow analysis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 12 (2014): 1494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0058.
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A recursive dynamic spatial equilibrium model is used to examine the global competitiveness of Canadian softwood lumber. To address the restrictive assumption of softwood lumber homogeneity, this study disaggregates softwood lumber into two product groups: (i) higher grade lumber that includes appearance, select structural-grade lumber, and Japanese J-grade lumber; and (ii) lower grade lumber that includes the United States dimension lumber that is commonly used in construction and utility- and economy-grade lumber. Factors that may affect global softwood lumber markets are simulated in the model to project global softwood lumber trade flows from 2012 to 2021. The results indicate that the reduced lumber supply in western Canada caused by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) infestation combined with demand increases in several regions of the world will contribute to a global increase in softwood lumber prices. Our results suggest that the global price increase will be greater for lower grade softwood lumber than for higher grade lumber. The United States and China will continue to be the top two markets for lower grade Canadian softwood lumber. Although Canadian exports of lower grade softwood lumber to the United States are expected to increase marginally over time in response to the recovery of American housing starts, softwood lumber exports to China are expected to drop significantly, and it is forecasted that exports from the Russian Federation will fill that void. These findings provide strong market signals for both forest managers and the forest-products industry to assess supply chain profitability and adjust production planning accordingly.
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Lau, JC, L. Denning, SP Lownie, TM Peters, and EC Chen. "P.012 Spinal durotomy repair simulator for deliberate microsurgical practice: integration into a residency training module." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (2016): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.118.
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Background: Deliberate practice is one aspect of gaining competency in surgical skills. We have previously integrated a vascular microsurgery module into our residency training curriculum, and have recently described our experience with constructing patient-specific spine models for simulating lumbar spinal durotomy repair. The goal of this project is to develop the necessary infrastructure to facilitate practice on the spine model during residency. Methods: A 3D-printed plastic lumbar spine model was created from a patient computed tomography scan. L2 was manually laminectomized, and paraspinal tissues were simulated using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastisol. Harvested bovine pericardium was sewn into tubular form as a dural substitute. The pericardial tubes were tied at either end and attached to intravenous tubing to create a closed loop water system. Results: We are developing a video tutorial describing how to setup and use the model. Residents will be recorded while performing a 1.5 cm durotomy and repair using a surgical microscope available in our training laboratory (Drake-Hunterian Neurovascular Laboratory, London, Ontario, Canada). Residents are asked to grade the realism of the model using a questionnaire. Metrics of quality are to be determined. Conclusions: Our proposed model is a cost-effective, easy-to-prepare lumbar spinal simulator that facilitates microsurgical practice during neurosurgical residency.
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Cabioğlu, Neslihan, Sibel Özkan Gürdal, Arda Kayhan, et al. "Poor Biological Factors and Prognosis of Interval Breast Cancers: Long-Term Results of Bahçeşehir (Istanbul) Breast Cancer Screening Project in Turkey." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (September 2020): 1103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00145.
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PURPOSE The Turkish Bahçeşehir Breast Cancer Screening Project was a 10-year, organized, population-based screening program carried out in Bahçeşehir county, Istanbul. Our aim was to examine the biologic features and outcome of screen-detected and interval breast cancers during the 10-year study period. METHODS Between 2009 and 2019, 2-view mammograms were obtained at 2-year intervals for women aged 40 to 69 years. Clinicopathological characteristics including ER, PR, HER2-neu, and Ki-67 status were analyzed for those diagnosed with breast cancer. RESULTS In 8,758 screened women, 131 breast cancers (1.5%) were detected. The majority of patients (82.3%) had prognostic stage 0-I disease. Contrarily, patients with interval cancers (n = 15; 11.4%) were more likely to have a worse prognostic stage (II-IV disease; odds ratio [OR], 3.59, 95% CI, 0.9 to 14.5) and high Ki-67 scores (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 0.9 to 11.2). Interval cancers detected within 1 year were more likely to have a luminal B (57.1% v 31.9%) and triple-negative (14.3% v 1%) subtype and less likely to have a luminal A subtype (28.6% v 61.5%; P = .04). Patients with interval cancers had a poor outcome in 10-year disease-specific (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those with screen-detected cancers (DSS: 68.2% v 98.1%, P = .002; DFS: 78.6% v 96.5%, P = .011). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the majority of screen-detected breast cancers exhibited a luminal A subtype profile with an excellent prognosis. However, interval cancers were more likely to have aggressive subtypes such as luminal B subtype or triple-negative cancers associated with a poor prognosis requiring other preventive strategies.
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Goode, A. P., S. W. Marshall, V. B. Kraus, et al. "Association between serum and urine biomarkers and lumbar spine individual radiographic features: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 20, no. 11 (2012): 1286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.003.
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Rice, C. D., S. A. Weber, A. L. Waggoner, M. E. Jessell, and B. J. Yates. "Mapping of neural pathways that influence diaphragm activity and project to the lumbar spinal cord in cats." Experimental Brain Research 203, no. 1 (2010): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-010-2197-3.
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Snidvongs, Saowarat, Rod S. Taylor, Alia Ahmad, et al. "Facet-joint injections for non-specific low back pain: a feasibility RCT." Health Technology Assessment 21, no. 74 (2017): 1–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21740.
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BackgroundPain of lumbar facet-joint origin is a common cause of low back pain in adults and may lead to chronic pain and disability, with associated health and socioeconomic implications. The socioeconomic burden includes an inability to return to work resulting in loss of productivity in addition to direct and indirect health-care utilisation costs. Lumbar facet-joints are paired synovial joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of consecutive lumbar vertebrae and between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum. Facet-joint pain is defined as pain that arises from any structure that is part of the facet-joints, including the fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, hyaline cartilage and bone. This pain may be treated by intra-articular injections with local anaesthetic and steroid, although this treatment is not standardised. At present, there is no definitive research to support the use of targeted lumbar facet-joint injections to manage this pain. Because of the lack of high-quality, robust clinical evidence, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on the management of chronic low back pain [NICE.Low Back Pain in Adults: Early Management. Clinical guideline (CG88). London: NICE; 2009] did not recommend the use of spinal injections despite their perceived potential to reduce pain intensity and improve rehabilitation, with NICE calling for further research to be undertaken. The updated guidelines [NICE.Low Back Pain and Sciatica in Over 16s: Assessment and Management. NICE guideline (NG59). London: NICE; 2016] again do not recommend the use of spinal injections.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of carrying out a definitive study to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of lumbar facet-joint injections compared with a sham procedure in patients with non-specific low back pain of > 3 months’ duration.DesignBlinded parallel two-arm pilot randomised controlled trial.SettingInitially planned as a multicentre study involving three NHS trusts in the UK, recruitment took place in the pain and spinal orthopaedic clinics at Barts Health NHS Trust only.ParticipantsAdult patients referred by their GP to the specialist clinics with non-specific low back pain of at least 3 months’ duration despite NICE-recommended best non-invasive care (education and one of a physical exercise programme, acupuncture or manual therapy). Patients who had already received lumbar facet-joint injections or who had had previous back surgery were excluded.InterventionsParticipants who had a positive result following a diagnostic test (single medial branch nerve blocks) were randomised and blinded to receive either intra-articular lumbar facet-joint injections with steroids (intervention group) or a sham procedure (control group). All participants were invited to attend a group-based combined physical and psychological (CPP) programme.Main outcome measuresIn addition to the primary outcome of feasibility, questionnaires were used to assess a range of pain-related (including the Brief Pain Inventory and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire version 2) and disability-related (including the EuroQol-5 Dimensions five-level version and Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire) issues. Health-care utilisation and cost data were also assessed. The questionnaire visits took place at baseline and at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post randomisation. The outcome assessors were blinded to the allocation groups.ResultsOf 628 participants screened for eligibility, nine were randomised to receive the study intervention (intervention group,n = 5; sham group,n = 4), six completed the CPP programme and eight completed the study.LimitationsFailure to achieve our expected recruitment targets led to early closure of the study by the funder.ConclusionsBecause of the small number of participants recruited to the study, we were unable to draw any conclusions about the clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of intra-articular lumbar facet-joint injections in the management of non-specific low back pain. Although we did not achieve the target recruitment rate from the pain clinics, we demonstrated our ability to develop a robust study protocol and deliver the intended interventions safely to all nine randomised participants, thus addressing many of the feasibility objectives.Future workStronger collaborations with primary care may improve the recruitment of patients earlier in their pain trajectory who are suitable for inclusion in a future trial.Trial registrationEudraCT 2014-003187-20 and Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12191542.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 74. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Seraj, Umi Salmah, and Mohd Farid Aladdin. "In-situ Study of Seating Static Comfort in Passenger Vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202018.
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In today’s automotive market, comfort is huge selling point of a vehicle. Priority is given by buyers to how comfortable a seat feels during purchase decisions. The measure of comfort is harmonious mix of many aspects such as human ergonomics and physiological factors. However, a gap still exists between objective and subjective measures due to lack of emphasis by past researchers. This is particularly obvious in the lumbar support feature that has still not been able to address the health problems related to driving. This project focuses on bridging the gap by giving users the ability to define true preferred posture in realistic settings. This is done by the creation of a apparatus that allows users to individually manipulate the seat contour for optimum support in more segments than just lumbar area. The experiment is performed in 3 parts, where in each part different segments of the apparatus are manipulatable (lumbar segment, sacral & thoracic segment, and all segments). Sixty human subjects’ statistics are recorded (gender, age, BMI and height) and the subjects are palpated to locate internal joints. These joints are marked and postural angles between them are measured using a goniometer. In each seat configuration, the angles are measured and a comfort rating is taken to be compared. It was found that the posture angles are different among the 3 experiments, and there is a change in comfort felt. Some human factors have also been proven to contribute heavily to angles chosen by occupants.
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Goode, A. P., V. B. Kraus, S. W. Marshall, J. B. Renner, T. S. Carey, and J. M. Jordan. "Associations between lumbar spine individual radiographic features and knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis: the Johnston County osteoarthritis project." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 20 (April 2012): S268—S269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2012.02.453.
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CHENG, SU-CHUN, CHIH-KUN HSIAO, JUI-YI TSOU, RUEY-MO LIN, and FONG-CHIN SU. "PREDICTING THE VERTEBRAL BODY POSITION BASED ON PALPATED SPINOUS PROCESS POSITION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 01 (2014): 1450010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500109.
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Palpation is an essential skill of manual therapy. Clinical techniques of physical therapy usually assume that the movement direction of palpating spinous process (SP) is the direction of the vertebral body center (VBC). This study investigated the distance [SP–projected VBC (PVBC)] between the surface palpation of the five SPs and the radiographically projected vertebral center locations (PVBC) on the skin of the lumbar spine in 37 patients with low back pain (LBP). The measurement of SP–PVBC was intended to describe if palpation on SPs could explain the positions of the VBC. The SP–PVBC distance was the greatest at L1 (35.9 mm) and the smallest at L4 (15.1 mm). The predictive analysis investigated the relationships between SP–PVBC and the geometric measurements of the lumbar anatomical structures. The geometric characteristics of the lumbar spine affected the SP–PVBC distance in different levels, with the R2 values from 0.66–0.89, except 0.38 in the L4 level. Increases in the SP inclination as well as vertebral inclinations, and increases in the SP height (SPH) were factors that were found to be significantly related to the SP–PVBC distance (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the orientation of the VBC and the SP may not be the same, and tilting and rotation of the vertebrae may occur when applying manual techniques through SPs. Physical therapists need to be aware that the tilting or rolling effect of vertebrae may not be avoidable once the treatment is done via palpation on SPs.
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Coleman, Roger R., and I. Walker Thomas. "Movement of the Projected Pedicles Relative to the Projected Vertebral Body in a Fourth Lumbar Vertebra During Axial Rotation." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 27, no. 6 (2004): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.05.005.
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Mirka, Gary A., GwanSeob Shin, Kristen Kucera, and Dana Loomis. "Use of the Cabs Methodology to Assess Biomechanical Stress in Commercial Crab Fishermen." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (2002): 1152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601331.
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Commercial fishing is a job characterized by long hours in an unpredictable natural environment and variable demands placed on the musculoskeletal system, requiring strength, coordination, and endurance. The focus of this project was in the quantification of the biomechanical stresses placed on the lumbar spine during the work activities of commercial crab fishermen. The Continuous Assessment of Back Stress (CABS) methodology was used to develop distributions describing the amount of time that each of the three workers on a three-man crabbing crew spend at various levels of spine stress. The results of this analysis, expressed in terms of time weighted histograms, show significant variability in the loading of the lumbar spine during regular daily activities both within and between crew members. While the captain has relatively low stress levels, the mate experiences high force (up to 30kg), dynamic exertions while pulling the crab pots from the water up into the boat and high loads (20–40kg) during the loading and unloading of the boat, while the third man experiences static awkward postures (forward flexed postures held for up to five minutes at a time) as he sorts and packs the crabs.
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Pomies, Maxime, Jolanda Boisson, Rémi Barbier, et al. "Réduction des rejets en micropolluants à la source : le projet LUMIEAU-Stra." La Houille Blanche, no. 3 (June 2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2018026.
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La connaissance et la maîtrise des micropolluants rejetés au réseau d'assainissement permettent de limiter l'empreinte de l'Eurométropole de Strasbourg sur la ressource en eau. Le projet LUMIEAU-Stra s'intéresse aux actions à mener à la source chez les artisans, les particuliers, les industriels et dans la gestion des eaux pluviales. Une première étape de diagnostic vise à déterminer les rejets et les impacts sur l'environnement sur le territoire de la collectivité. Les micropolluants et les zones pourront donc être hiérarchisés. Pour chacun des émetteurs, des solutions sont testées en conditions réelles. Le premier type de solutions repose sur le changement de pratiques et l'utilisation de produits de substitution moins polluants. Le second type de solutions concerne la mise en place de procédés de traitement avant rejet au réseau d'assainissement. Ces solutions sont évaluées sur le plan technique (gain en micropolluants non rejetés, facilité de mise en œuvre) mais aussi économique et sociologique (acceptabilité par les émetteurs). L'ensemble des solutions constituera une boîte à outils qui pourra s'adapter aux différentes situations. La collectivité s'appuiera sur cette boîte à outils pour déterminer une stratégie de gestion de la problématique micropolluants dans les années à venir. Les résultats du projet se doivent d'être opérationnels et à destination des collectivités. Les méthodes et les outils développés devront être extrapolables et utilisables sur d'autres territoires.
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Berezovich, E. L., and M. O. Leontyeva. "Vocabulary for Lower Back and Lumbar Pain in Russian Dialects: an Overview." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-6-9-28.
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The semantic-motivational and etymological analysis of the Russian dialectal designations of lumbar and lumbar pain is presented. The material was extracted from dictionaries of Russian dialects, from unpublished card files of the Ural University toponymic expedition to the territories of the Russian North and the Upper Volga region, as well as folklore and ethnographic sources related to folk medicine. The main semantic-motivational models underlying the designation of the lower back, which can reflect the idea of the “topography” of this part of the body, correlation with adjacent bodily areas, the functions of the lower back, and pain symptoms are considered. It is noted that in the “lumbar” vocabulary the main place belongs to the names of lumbar pain, the abundance of which is determined by the nature of agricultural labor. It has been shown that several names contain an indication of the localization of pain, but in most cases the nature of the pain is conveyed — cutting, stabbing, aching, etc. The authors analyze linguistic material in combination with folklore and ethnographic: texts of conspiracies, ritual dialogues, descriptions of magical healing practices. Sign complexes are identified, within which the designations of pain symptoms are projected onto methods, means and tools of treatment. In such complexes, the principle of etymological magic can be realized, consistent with the concept of the “witchcraft” origin of pain symptoms. Motivational and etymological solutions for dark words are proposed.
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Bisson, Erica F., Praveen V. Mummaneni, Michael S. Virk, et al. "Open versus minimally invasive decompression for low-grade spondylolisthesis: analysis from the Quality Outcomes Database." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 33, no. 3 (2020): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.3.spine191239.
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OBJECTIVELumbar decompression without arthrodesis remains a potential treatment option for cases of low-grade spondylolisthesis (i.e., Meyerding grade I). Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques have recently been increasingly used because of their touted benefits including lower operating time, blood loss, and length of stay. Herein, the authors analyzed patients enrolled in a national surgical registry and compared the baseline characteristics and postoperative clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between patients undergoing open versus MIS lumbar decompression.METHODSThe authors queried the Quality Outcomes Database for patients with grade I lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis undergoing a surgical intervention between July 2014 and June 2016. Among more than 200 participating sites, the 12 with the highest enrollment of patients into the lumbar spine module came together to initiate a focused project to assess the impact of fusion on PROs in patients undergoing surgery for grade I lumbar spondylolisthesis. For the current study, only patients in this cohort from the 12 highest-enrolling sites who underwent a decompression alone were evaluated and classified as open or MIS (tubular decompression). Outcomes of interest included PROs at 2 years; perioperative outcomes such as blood loss and complications; and postoperative outcomes such as length of stay, discharge disposition, and reoperations.RESULTSA total of 140 patients undergoing decompression were selected, of whom 71 (50.7%) underwent MIS and 69 (49.3%) underwent an open decompression. On univariate analysis, the authors observed no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of PROs at 2-year follow-up, including back pain, leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index score, EQ-5D score, and patient satisfaction. On multivariable analysis, compared to MIS, open decompression was associated with higher satisfaction (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.41–23.2, p = 0.0005). Patients undergoing MIS decompression had a significantly shorter length of stay compared to the open group (0.68 days [SD 1.18] vs 1.83 days [SD 1.618], p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn this multiinstitutional prospective study, the authors found comparable PROs as well as clinical outcomes at 2 years between groups of patients undergoing open or MIS decompression for low-grade spondylolisthesis.
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Goode, A. P., X. A. Shi, J. B. Renner, R. H. Gracely, and J. M. Jordan. "Association between pain-pressure threshold, low back symptoms and lumbar spine individual radiographic features: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 21 (April 2013): S264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.02.551.
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Goode, Adam P., Rebecca J. Cleveland, Steven Z. George, et al. "Different Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in the Lumbar Spine Reflected by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project." Arthritis Care & Research 72, no. 7 (2020): 974–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.23918.
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Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Acevedo. "VALIDATION OF A NEW CLINICAL SIGN OF LUMBAR FACET SYNDROME." Coluna/Columna 17, no. 4 (2018): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120181704160077.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Facet joints are true synovial joints, which derive their nerve supply from the sinuvertebral or recurrent nerve of Luschka as well as the posterior primary division of the corresponding spinal nerve. Diagnosis of low-back pain originating in the facet joints is difficult, and has traditionally relied upon invasive tests. To aid in the clinical diagnosis of this condition, the senior author described a new clinical sign. The following research project was designed to test the utility of this sign in the diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain. Methods: We conducted a prospective evaluation of patients suspected of having low back pain secondary to facet joint involvement (Lumbar Facet joint Pain Syndrome – LFPS) during a twelve month observation period; candidate patients were evaluated clinically using the new diagnostic sign, which was then compared to findings on radionuclide bone scans and diagnostic medial branch blocks. Contingency table analysis was performed to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of the new clinical sign. Results: Contingency table analysis showed the following operating characteristics for the new diagnostic sign: Sensitivity: 70.37%, Specificity: 50%, Positive predictive value: 90.47%, Negative predictive value: 20% and accuracy 67.7%. Conclusions: Although the new clinical sign failed to show the same operating characteristics as the ones originally described, it has high sensitivity coupled with a good positive predictive value. We consider that although the sign by itself is not diagnostic of lumbar facet joint pain, its presence should alert the clinician to the diagnosis and the possibility of requiring additional testing. Level of Evidence III; Case control studyg.
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Fisher, Wink S. "Computer-Aided Intelligence: Application of an Expert System to Brachial Plexus Injuries." Neurosurgery 27, no. 5 (1990): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199011000-00029.
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Abstract When confronted with a patient with a brachial plexus injury, how often as neurosurgeons do we consult and atlas to confirm the anatomy of the brachial plexus and then attempt to establish the location of the lesion? Similar difficulties are encountered with lumbar and sacral plexus lesions. In a project organized to assist the neurosurgeon in this time-consuming task, a computer program that can rapidly determine the site of a lesion in a brachial, lumbar, or sacral plexus injury was created. Using known anatomical pathways (37 clinically relevant upper and 20 lower extremity muscle innervations), and relying solely upon the neurological motor examination, rapid computer-assisted diagnosis is possible. When more than one final common pathway lesion occurs (for example, multiple root avulsions of the brachial plexus), possible lesion sites can be obtained. An interactive dialogue between the user and the program helps to determine the location of the lesion. The program can be run on any IBM-compatible personal computer and is presented as an instrument that provides assistance in cases of complex peripheral nerve injuries, when expert consultants are unavailable. In addition, it can be used as an aid to learning and as a review of basic neuroanatomy.
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Sakamoto, Hirotaka, Keiko Takanami, Damian G. Zuloaga, et al. "Androgen Regulates the Sexually Dimorphic Gastrin-Releasing Peptide System in the Lumbar Spinal Cord that Mediates Male Sexual Function." Endocrinology 150, no. 8 (2009): 3672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1791.
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A collection of neurons in the upper lumbar spinal cord of male rats projects to the lower lumbar spinal cord, releasing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) onto somatic and autonomic centers known to regulate male sexual reflexes such as erection and ejaculation. Because these reflexes are androgen dependent, we asked whether manipulating levels of androgen in adult rats would affect GRP expression in this spinal center. We found that castration resulted, 28 d later, in a profound decrease in the expression of GRP in the spinal cord, as reflected in immunocytochemistry and competitive ELISA for the protein as well as real-time quantitative PCR for the transcript. These effects were prevented if the castrates were treated with testosterone propionate. Genetically male (XY) rats with the dysfunctional testicular feminization allele for the androgen receptor (AR) displayed GRP mRNA and protein levels in the spinal cord similar to those of females, indicating that androgen normally maintains the system through AR. We saw no effect of castration or the testicular feminization allele on expression of the receptor for GRP in the spinal cord, but castration did reduce expression of AR transcripts within the spinal cord as revealed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blots. Taken together, these results suggest that androgen signaling plays a pivotal role in the regulation of GRP expression in male lumbar spinal cord. A greater understanding of how androgen modulates the spinal GRP system might lead to new therapeutic approaches to male sexual dysfunction.
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Tobias, J. H., D. G. Cook, T. J. Chambers, and N. Dalzell. "A Comparison of Bone Mineral Density between Caucasian, Asian and Afro-Caribbean Women." Clinical Science 87, no. 5 (1994): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0870587.
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1. We analysed the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck bone mineral density results of Caucasian (n = 2232), Asian (Indian sub-continent) (n = 153) and Afro-Caribbean (n = 102) women referred for bone densitometry over a 30 month period. To assess the risk of osteoporosis, the results of Caucasian and Asian women were compared with those of a reference Caucasian population supplied by Lunar. 2. Subject characteristics were similar in all three groups, other than expected ethnic differences in stature and weight. We found that lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in Caucasians was lower than in Afro-Caribbeans, but higher than in Asians. Consistent with this, bone mineral density was also lower in Asians as compared with the reference Caucasian population, both at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. As a consequence, a higher proportion of Asian women were classified as being at increased risk of osteoporosis than Caucasian women. 3. Since ethnic differences in skeletal size might influence bone mineral density, we also obtained values for bone mineral content in Caucasian and Asian women that were corrected for projected skeletal area, and weight and years since menopause, using regression equations derived from the Caucasian study population. After this analysis, the difference in bone mineral content between Caucasians and Asians at the lumbar spine disappeared, while that at the femoral neck persisted. 4. We conclude that the assessment of risk of osteoporosis in Asian women by comparing bone mineral density with a reference Caucasian population may have limited validity because of the influence of skeletal size on such measurements.