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Cedrón, Juan Carlos. "Luminol." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100502.
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La investigación forense tiene un pequeño aliado desde hace casi un siglo: el luminol. Esta simple molécula ha ayudado a resolver muchos crímenes por su peculiaridad de emitir luz en contacto con pequeños restos de sangre.Forensic investigation has a small partner for almost a century: luminol. This simple molecule has helped to solve many murders because of its peculiarity of emitting light upon contact with tiny amounts of blood residues.
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Scowen, N. R. "Peroxidatic oxidation of luminol." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384006.
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Patel, Jayprakash Lakman. "Luminol chemiluminescence and its applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266344.
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Martínez, Muñoz Daniel. "Theoretical studies of the chemiluminescence reactions; luminol." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255902.
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The vast majority of chemical reactions occurs only in the ground state, however photochemical reactions like chemiluminescence take place in ground and excited states. In almost all chemiluminescence processes oxygen-oxygen bond breakage is involved. But, there is no general reason to explain why these processes occur via an oxygen-oxygen cleavage. These types of phenomena are usually highly exothermic. Computational chemistry has risen as a powerful tool to characterize and analyze chemical phenomena. Quantum mechanics are utilized to explain chemical observations. Applying these equations, one can compute the chemical properties of any system in any state. In the present study, three chemiluminescence reactions derived from luminol are modeled; nitrogen based, oxygen based and dianion nitrogen based models. The key factor of oxygen-oxygen bond rupture is discussed and rationalized. The electronic potential energy surfaces of the three compounds are computed at complete active space self-consistent field theory. Peroxide compounds compared to the dinitrogenated compounds show a lower activation energy and they are more exothermic. This study allows us to rationalize why luminol needs to be presented in a basic medium and oxidized in order to produce chemiluminescence.
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Ferreira, Ernesto Correa. "Aplicações analiticas do estudo da reação quimiluminescente de luminol." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250060.
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Orientador: Adriana Vitorino RossiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Alshetaiwi, Hamad S. "Luminol luminescence-based theranostics for pre-clinical breast adenocarcinoma." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17378.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Anatomy & Physiology
Deryl L. Troyer
Breast cancer ranks second as a cause of cancer death in women in the USA. Detection of early tumors and tumor-targeted treatments could decrease the problems associated with breast cancer management. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that uses a photosensitizer and a specific wavelength of light and is currently in clinical trials for breast cancer. When tumor cells which have absorbed photosensitizer are exposed to the correct wavelength of light, reactive oxygen species are generated, resulting in tumor cell death. Poor tissue penetration of light is a major limitation in PDT, restricting its use to treatment of localized tumors. Light generation at the tumor area might increase the effectiveness of PDT. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are known to often infiltrate breast adenocarcinoma, and their activatation in tumor stroma produces luminescence in the presence of luminol. Here, we hypothesized that luminol can be used as a theranostic agent for luminescence-based early tumor detection (diagnosis) and in situ PDT (treatment). BALB/c mice were transplanted with 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma cells to establish a breast adenocarcinoma model. The early tumor detection objective was tested by daily intraperitoneal injection of luminol and in vivo luminescence imaging. To test the PDT treatment objective,the photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and luminol were administered to mice through intraperitoneal and intravenous routes, respectively. This treatment regimen was repeated six times and ALA alone/luminol alone/saline treated tumor-bearing mice were used as controls. Results demonstrated that luminol allowed detection of activated PMNs only two days after 4T1 cell transplantation, even though tumors were not yet palpable. Relative differences in the increase of tumor volume and final tumor weights were analyzed to test the in situ PDT. Analysis of the data showed luminol treatments resulted in breast adenocarcinoma tumor growth attenuation. In conclusion this study provides evidence that luminol can be a theranostic agent for breast adenocarcinoma.
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Santos, Luciana Maia Escher dos. "ANÁLISE DO PERFIL MOLECULAR DE VESTÍGIOS SANGUÍNEOS PROVENIENTES DE LOCAIS DE CRIME APÓS APLICAÇÃO DE REAGENTE QUIMIOLUMINESCENTE." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2371.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-24Molecular Biology shown to be an effective tool in forensic laboratories for the ability to identify an individual from minute amounts of biological samples such as blood, bones, semen, hair, teeth, nails, spittle, urine and other biological fluids recovered from the crime scene. One of the main biological evidence found at a crime scene are traces of bloodstains. This study aimed to analyze the molecular profiles of biological samples exposed to the chemiluminescent reagent luminol based on different storage times (48 hours and 30 days). With the measurement of all samples can be inferred that in the first 48 hours of storage, there was obtained DNA and varying concentrations after application of the chemiluminescent reagent. The samples were amplified by PCR using a multiplex system AmpFlSTR ® Select NGM and capillary electrophoresis. Molecular profiles were obtained complete and incomplete denoting specificity as the quality and quantity of the sample analyzed. The selection of molecular markers mini-STRs greatly contributed to the success of these profiles, allowing the study and analysis of degraded material. Our data suggest that the degradation of the DNA molecule exposed to the chemiluminescent reagent was higher in the samples compared to those containing diluted whole blood impregnation. Therefore, analyzing the bloodstains samples exposed to luminol in shorter storage provide molecular profiles compatible to clash samples.
A Biologia Molecular mostrou-se uma ferramenta efetiva nos laboratórios forenses pela capacidade de identificar um indivíduo a partir de quantidades ínfimas de amostras biológicas como sangue, ossos, sêmen, cabelo, dentes, unhas, saliva, urina, entre outros fluidos biológicos recuperados no local do crime. Uma das principais evidências biológicas encontradas em local de crime são vestígios de substâncias hematóides. Esta pesquisa visou a análise de perfis moleculares de amostras biológicas expostas ao reagente quimioluminescente a base de luminol em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (48 horas e 30 dias). Com a quantificação de todas as amostras pode-se inferir que nas primeiras 48 horas de armazenamento, obtiveram-se concentrações variáveis de DNA e após a aplicação do reagente quimioluminescente. As amostras foram amplificadas por PCR utilizando um sistema multiplex AmpFlSTR® NGM SElect e eletroforese capilar. Foram obtidos perfis moleculares completos e incompletos denotando inespecificidade conforme a qualidade e quantidade da amostra analisada. A seleção dos 17 marcadores moleculares mini-STRs em muito contribuiu para o sucesso desses perfis, permitindo estudo e análise de material degradado. Os dados indicam que a degradação da molécula de DNA exposta ao reagente quimioluminescente foi maior nas amostras diluídas em relação àquelas contendo impregnação com sangue total. A análise estatística das amostras com e sem exposição ao reagente quimioluminescente comparado ao grupo controle e em diferentes concentrações, mostrou não haver diferença estatísticamente significativa entre os valores quantificados obtidos. Ainda assim, analisar as amostras hematóides expostas ao luminol em menor tempo de armazenamento proporcionarão perfis moleculares compatíveis ao confronto de amostras.
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Oliveira, Sandro de. "Determinação da capacidade antirradicalar de produtos naturais utilizando-se a quimiluminescência do luminol e ensaios fotométricos com radicais estáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-05122011-114158/.
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Os organismos vivos estão expostos à ação oxidativa de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), causando uma série de doenças degenerativas como câncer, aterosclerose, diabetes, artrite e doenças do coração. Estudos têm demonstrado que o consumo de substâncias antioxidantes na dieta diária podem prevenir estes processos oxidativos que provocam o envelhecimento precoce do organismo. Nas últimas décadas tem se destacado o interesse em encontrar antioxidantes naturais para o emprego em produtos alimentícios ou farmacêuticos, com a finalidade de substituir antioxidantes sintéticos, os quais apresentam restrições devido ao seu potencial tóxico. Nesse trabalho, são comparados os resultados de medidas da capacidade antirradicalar de vários derivados fenólicos incluindo produtos naturais obtidos com os ensaios utilizando o radical estável DPPH• e o cátion radical ABTS•+, que apresentam vantagens em relação à simplicidade do método analítico e facilidade na coleta de dados, além da reprodutibilidade dos resultados. Além disso, desenvolveu-se um ensaio com DPPH• para avaliar a capacidade antirradicalar de compostos fenólicos em meio ácido, hidroalcoólico e tamponado, para possibilitar a obtenção de valores da capacidade antirradicalar de flavonoides e compostos análogos em meio aquoso em diferentes estados de ionização. Também, foi utilizado o ensaio quimiluminescente com luminol/hemina/H2O2, desenvolvido pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa, para a determinação da capacidade antirradicalar de extratos, fases e frações de Baccharis regnelli e proposto o novo parâmetro \"Porcentagem de Trolox\" para expressar adequadamente esta capacidade em misturas complexas. A sensibilidade do ensaio luminol comprovou ser maior que a de outros métodos e adequado para medir a capacidade antirradicalar de misturas complexas de produtos naturais, auxiliando no isolamento de novas substâncias com atividade antirradicalar.Living organisms are exposed to the oxidative action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing a series of degenerative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis and heart disease. Studies have shown that consumption of antioxidant substances in the daily diet can prevent these oxidative processes that cause premature aging of the organism. Much attention has been paid in the last decades on the discovery of new natural antioxidants for its use in food or pharmaceutical industry, with the aim of replace synthetic antioxidants, which have restrictions due to their toxic potential. In this study, we compared the results from antiradical capacity determinations of several phenolic derivatives including natural products obtained by two different assays. One of them utilizes the stable radical DPPH• and the other the radical cation ABTS•+ as reagents and both have the advantage of a simple analytical method and ease in data collection as well as high data reproducibility. Furthermore, we have developed a method with DPPH• for the evaluation of the antirradicalar capacity of phenolic compounds in acid and buffered hydroalcoholic media, in order to facilitate the determination of the antiradical capacity of flavonoids and similar compounds in aqueous ambient and to allow differentiation between the capacity of different ionization states of these derivatives. Finally the chemiluminescent luminol/hemin/H2O2 assay, developed by our research group, has been utilized for the determination of the antiradical capacity of extracts, phases and fractions of Baccharis regnelli and the new parameter \"Trolox Percentage\" is being proposed to adequately express the antiradical capacity of complex mixtures. The sensibility of the luminol assay has been found to be higher than that of other methods and is shown to be suitable for the determination of antiradical activity parameters of complex natural product mixtures, contributing to the isolation of new substances with antiradical activity.
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Eckert, Camila Rodrigues. "Determinação da atividade anti-radicalar de flavonóides e extratos de espécies de Baccharis através da reação quimiluminescente do luminol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-24042007-082922/.
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Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo da atividade anti-radicalar de flavonóides frente ao ensaio com o sistema luminol/hemina/H2O2 desenvolvido por nosso Grupo de Pesquisa. Na tentativa de esclarecer a relação estrutura-atividade de flavonóides, foi realizada também uma investigação das propriedades de derivados fenólicos como compostos-modelo utilizando-se a reação quimiluminescente do luminol. Os resultados obtidos com os compostos-modelo com o ensaio luminol foram comparados com aqueles obtidos para estes aditivos em um ensaio que utiliza o radical estável DPPH como sonda. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo fitoquímico monitorado através da atividade anti-radicalar de extratos de Baccharis. Foram identificados dois componentes ativos da fase em acetato de etila obtida das folhas de Baccharis regnellii e a sua atividade anti-radicalar determinada.In this work a systematic study on the antiradical activity of flavonoids was performed, using the assay luminol/hemin/H2O2 developed by our research group. With the objective to establish a structure activity relationship for flavonoids, a study on the antioxidant properties of several phenolic derivatives as model compounds was also performed, using luminol chemiluminescence. The results obtained with the model compounds from the luminol assay are compared to those obtained by an assay which utilizes the stable DPPH radical as probe. Furthermore, a phytochemical study, monitored by the antiradical activity, was performed on extracts of Baccharis. This study led to the identification of two active components in the ethyl acetate phase of Baccharis regnellii leafs and the determination of its antiradical activity.
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King, David. "Sonochemical analysis of the output of ultrasonic dental descalers." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538276.
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Ultrasonic descalers are used in dentistry to remove calculus and other contaminants from teeth. One mechanism which may assist in the cleaning is cavitation generated in cooling water around the descaler. The spatial distribution of cavitation around three designs of descaler tips and under three load conditions has been observed using sonochemiluminescence from a luminol solution and compared with the vibratory motion of the tips in a water bath, characterised by scanning laser vibrometry. The type of cavitation was confirmed by acoustic emission analysed by a ‘Cavimeter’ supplied by NPL. Surface profilometry and SEM of eroded hydroxyapatite pellets was performed to quantitatively study the erosion caused by a descaler tip in both contact and non-contact modes. Densitometry was used to study the erosion of black ink from a glass microscope slide, and determined that under the majority of conditions, no erosion was demonstrated via cavitation, by descalers operating in non-contact mode, although significant erosion was demonstrated with the tip in contact with the slide.
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Bastos, Erick Leite. "Mecanismo e aplicações da quimiluminescência de peróxido cíclicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-04092015-101433/.
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A quimiluminescência derivada da decomposição induzida de 1,2-dioxetanos e do sistema peróxi-oxalato pode ser explicada através do mecanismo de luminescência iniciada por troca de elétron - CIEEL (\"Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence\"). Esta proposta supõe uma transferência de elétron seguida de uma retrotransferência, que pode ocorrer de forma intra ou intermolecular, dependendo do sistema. A etapa de quimiexcitação do sistema peróxi-oxalato envolve uma retro-transferência de elétron intermolecular, da qual participam dois radicais-íons - um deles postulado como o dióxido de carbono radical-anion. Por outro lado, não existe consenso a respeito da via de retro-transferência de elétron na decomposição induzida de 1,2-dioxetanos, que pode ocorrer de forma intra ou intermolecular. Neste trabalho são apresentadas as sínteses de sete 1,2-dioxetanos, os resultados obtidos na investigação da via de quimiexcitação proposta no mecanismo CIEEL para a decomposição induzida de 1,2-dioxetanos e para o sistema peróxi-oxalato e a aplicação da quimiluminescência do luminol em matriz polimérica de poli(vinilpirrolidona) para a calibração de luminômetros de microplacas. Verificou-se, através do estudo do efeito da viscosidade do solvente sobre os rendimentos quânticos singlete na decomposição induzida de 1,2-dioxetanos, uma dependência entre a eficiência de quimiexcitação e o efeito da cavidade de solvente, que foi racionalizada em termos de um modelo difusional e friccional. Estes resultados, associados a cálculos teóricos, tomaram possível postular um mecanismo intramolecular modificado para a decomposição induzida de 1,2-dioxetanos. No sistema peróxi-oxalato foi realizada uma tentativa de detecção direta do dióxido de carbono ânion-radical através de medidas do sinal de ressonância paramagnética de elétron do aduto formado entre α-fenil-N-tert-butilnitrona (PBN), um spin trap, e o radical-anion. Apesar da leve discrepância entre as constantes de acoplamento do sinal observado em relação aos valores relatados na literatura para o aduto PBN-CO2, a caracterização foi realizada preliminarmente através de espectroscopia de massas com injeção direta. Finalmente, foi desenvolvido um sistema para calibração de luminômetros de microplacas, baseado na quimiluminescência de luminol em matriz polimérica, que pode ser utilizado - adicionalmente - na quantificação de peróxido de hidrogênio, em concentrações µmol-1, e agentes redutores com potencial anti-radicalar e antioxidante.The chemiluminescence resulting from induced decomposition of 1,2-dioxetanes and the peroxyoxalate system can be explained by the Chemically Initiated Electron Exchange Luminescence - CIEEL mechanism. This hypothesis postulates an electron transfer followed by a bond cleavage or rearrangement and back electron transfer which can occur in a intra or intermolecular way, depending on the system. The chemiexcitation step in the peroxyoxalate system involves an intermolecular back electron transfer, in which two radical ions participates - one of them is assumed to be carbon dioxide radical anion. However, there is no consensus about the back electron transfer path in the induced decomposition of 1,2-dioxetanes, which Can occur in an intra or intermolecular way. This work reports the synthesis of seven 1,2-dioxetane derivatives, the results obtained in the investigation of the chemiexcitation path proposed by the CIEEL mechanism for the induced decomposition of 1,2-dioxetanes and for the peroxyoxalate system, and the application of poly(vinylpirrolidone) supported luminol chemiluminescence in the development of a rnicroplate luminometer calibration method. It was possible to confirm, by the study of solvent viscosity effect on singlet quantum yields in induced 1,2-dioxetane decomposition, a dependence between chemiexcitation efficiency and the solvent cavity effect, which was rationalized based on a diffusional and frictional model. These results, together with theoretical calculations, allow us to postulate a modified intermolecular chemiexcitation mechanism for the induced decomposition of 1,2-dioxetanes. An attempt to detect directly the carbon di oxide radical anion in the peroxyoxalate system was made based on the electron paramagnetic resonance detection of the α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN)-CO2 adduct. Despite small discrepancies between the observed and the previously reported hyperfine coupling constant values, the adduct characterization was confirmed by direct injection mass spectrometry. Finally, a microplate luminometer light intensity calibration system, based on polymeric matrix-supported luminal, was developed. This method can be used also to determine hydrogen peroxide at µ mol-1 concentration and to quantify reducing agents with antiradical and antioxidant potential.
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Joyce, Laura Ellen. "Luminol theory and the excavation of narrative, &, The dead girl scrolls : unearthed apocalyptic fictions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/58510/.
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This thesis is concerned with developing a new approach to reading and thinking about culture (especially US culture), which I am proposing to call Luminol Theory. Luminol Theory is a textual reading strategy that draws on both psychoanalysis and depth reading. It reveals what has been occulted and it illuminates the contemporary United States as a crime scene. I argue for the singular importance of Luminol Theory as it provides a dystopian account of contemporary culture in the US. A culture that is haunted, that is characterised by injustice and brutality, and that reads bodies as disposable. I introduce luminol as an agent of forensic enquiry that excavates and illuminates narratives, particularly crime narratives, which have been erased. This interdisciplinary intersection of theory, forensic science, and literary criticism offers a specific, contemporary textual reading strategy. I situate Luminol Theory within its origins in feminism (with particular reference to Tiqqun's theory of the ‘Young-Girl'), psychoanalysis (with particular reference to Kristevan abject-analysis, queer theory, and the field of death studies), and depth reading strategies (working through Paul Ricoeur's ‘hermeneutics of suspicion' and Michel Foucault's ‘genealogy' and ‘archaeology'). Though it draws on each of these fields, Luminol Theory is a new contribution to contemporary literary criticism. The three critical chapters investigate the contemporary Unites States as a crime scene, moving through the exploratory steps that a forensic investigation might take. The first chapter opens with a reading of the crime scene itself by embedding Colorado crime fictions within the violent history of the state. The second chapter discovers artefacts at the scene, reading textual objects for hidden meanings and reading contemporary experimental fiction from the United States as apocalyptic material, through the lens of the Book of Revelation. Just as Revelation literally reveals the cultural anxieties of first millennium Christians and their fears of impending apocalypse so too Skin Horse by Olivia Cronk and Entrance to a Pageant where we all begin to Intricate by Johannes Göransson are apocalyptic texts for the third millennium. The final critical chapter approaches the body of the dead girl at the heart of the crime scene in order to discover the aesthetic coherence between death and femininity and the violence wrought interchangeably by sexual violence and capital. The fourth section of the thesis demonstrates Luminol Theory in practice. This collection of short fictions The Dead Girl Scrolls: Unearthed Apocalyptic Fictions is modelled on the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Dead Sea Scrolls were found serendipitously by shepherds in 1946 in the Qumran caves, West Bank. These scrolls contain a key to ancient languages, cultures, and narratives that were previously hidden. Later forensic analysis of the papyrus scrolls involved using UV light, a blue chemical glow that excavated layers of hidden narrative. By offering a secular version of these sacred texts, The Dead Girl Scrolls operates within a forensic imaginary; that is, it performs an empathetic and creative response to the secular aporia. It does this through offering dead women a central position that refuses to reify, objectify, or fetishise them or their bodies.
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Santos, Cerize da Silva. "Oxidação quimiluminescente do luminol em meios micelares: desenvolvimento de uma ensaio para determinação da capacidade anti-radicalar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-27112008-094236/.
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Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para a determinação da capacidade anti-radicalar de substâncias hidrofílicas e lipofílicas baseada na quimiluminescência do luminol em meio micelar. A reação de luminol, hemina e peróxido de hidrogênio foi estudada na presença de tensoativos carregados (CTAB/CTAC e SDS). Variou-se independentemente a concentração de cada reagente de forma a avaliar seu papel sobre a intensidade inicial de emissão (I0), que é proporcional à velocidade inicial da reação. Em solução aquosa de SDS, a I0 apresentou correlação linear com a concentração de H2O2 entre 5,0 10-6 e 6,0 10-5 mol/L e com a concentração de hemina no intervalo de 8,0 10-9 a 4,0 10-7 mol/L. O aumento da concentração de luminol no intervalo de 5,0 10-7 a 1,0 10-3 provocou aumento na I0 até 5,0 10-5 mol/L, permanecendo constante para concentrações maiores. Na presença de CTAB, o valor de I0 variou linearmente com a concentração de H2O2 no intervalo estudado (2,0 10-5 a 6,7 10-4 mol/L). A I0 aumentou com o aumento da concentração da hemina entre 8,0 10-8 e 8,0 10-6 mol/L. A variação da concentração de luminol de 5,0 10-7 a 5,0 10-5 também provocou aumento na I0, a qual ficou constante para concentrações maiores. Para este tensoativo foram realizadas também medidas de cmc nas condições de reação (tampão fosfato pH 11,6 e µ = 0,1), obtendo-se um valor de 2 10-4 mol/L, cinco vezes menor do que a cmc em água. As mudanças espectrais de hemina e luminol em diferentes concentrações de CTAB foram avaliadas, obtendo-se evidências da interação destes reagentes com o tensoativo. Destes estudos, foi possível compreender melhor o comportamento do sistema e foram encontradas condições nas quais se obtêm decaimento lento da intensidade de emissão e I0 alto. Estas condições são ideais para a realização de um ensaio de determinação da capacidade anti-radicalar. O efeito do antioxidante trolox, utilizado como padrão, foi avaliado nestas condições nos sistemas baseados nos três tensoativos. Em todos os casos, observou-se correlação linear entre a concentração de trolox e a área suprimida na cinética de emissão, a qual é proporcional ao número de radicais seqüestrados pelo antioxidante. Os limites de detecção para trolox ficaram abaixo de 1,0 10-7 mol/L, e a faixa de linearidade é de no mínimo uma ordem de grandeza (não foram testadas concentrações superiores a 2,0 10-6 mol/L). No meio de reação com CTAB foram determinadas as capacidades anti-radicalares (n) dos seguintes antioxidantes: vitamina E (n=3,5 ± 0,1), rutina (n=4,0 ± 0,2), quercetina (n=3,8 ± 0,4) e ácido úrico (n=1,3 ± 0,1). Os valores de n determinados com este método foram muito similares com aqueles medidos utilizando-se o ensaio com o radical estável DPPH. Portanto, o ensaio desenvolvido com luminol em meio micelar se mostrou adequado para testar tanto substâncias hidrossolúveis como lipossolúveis. Foram testadas condições para a realização de ensaios consecutivos com injeções repetidas de várias alíquotas de antioxidante na presença de CTAB. Os valores encontrados com o ensaio realizado desta forma foram iguais aos obtidos com o ensaio onde as injeções são feitas individualmente. Este método permite automação e resulta na economia de reagentes e redução do tempo de ensaioIn this work, a methodology to evaluate the anti-radical capacity of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds based on luminol chemiluminescence in micellar media was developed. The reaction of luminol, hemin and hydrogen peroxide was studied in the presence of charged surfactants (CTAB/CTAC and SDS). The concentration of each reagent was independently varied in order to evaluate its influence on the initial emission intensity (I0), which is proportional to the initial reaction rate. In aqueous SDS solution, I0 showed a linear correlation with the H2O2 concentration between 5,0 10-6 and 6,0 10-5 mol/L, and with the hemin concentration between 8,0 10-9 and 4,0 10-7 mol/L. An increase in the luminol concentration between 5,0 10-7 and 1,0 10-3 mol/L led to an increase in I0 up to 5,0 10-5 mol/L, higher luminol concentrations do not further increased I0. In the presence of CTAB, I0 increased linearly with the H2O2 concentration in the interval studied (2,0 10-5 to 6,7 10-4 mol/L). An increase in I0 was also observed on increasing the hemin concentration from 8,0 10-8 to 8,0 10-6 mol/L. An increase of the luminol concentration from 5,0 10-7 to 5,0 10-5 increased the observed I0, which did not change for higher luminol concentrations. The cmc of CTAB was measured in the reaction conditions (phosphate buffer pH 11,6 and µ= 0,1), and the value determined, 2 10-4 mol/L, was five times lower than the cmc in water. The absorption spectra of hemin and luminol in different CTAB concentrations showed significant variation with the surfactant concentration, indicating an interaction between these reagents and the surfactant. With these studies it was possible to understand well the behavior of the system and to establish experimental conditions which lead to kinetic curves with a slow emission intensity decay and relatively high I0, ideal conditions for the performance of the anti-radical capacity assay. The effect of trolox, the antioxidant used as reference, was evaluated in this conditions in the systems based on the three surfactants. In all the cases a linear correlation between the trolox concentration and the suppressed area in the emission kinetics was observed. This area is proportional to the number of radicals trapped by the antioxidant. Detection limits for trolox were below 1,0 10-7 mol/L, and the linear range was at least one order of magnitude (concentrations higher than 2,0 10-6 mol/L were not evaluated). The antioxidant capacity (n) was determined in the reaction medium containing CTAB for vitamin E (n= 3,5 ± 0,1), rutin (n=4,0 ± 0,2), quercetin (n=3,8 ± 0,4) and uric acid (n=1,3 ± 0,1). The n values determined by this method were very similar to those measured with the DPPH assay. Hence, the assay developed with luminol in micelar media was adequate to evaluate the anti-radical capacity of hidrosoluble as well as liposoluble compounds. The assay conditions established in the presence of CTAB allowed the consecutive injection of antioxidant samples during the same kinetic run. The values determined in this consecutive injection assay proved to be very similar to those obtained in the assay where injections were made individually. This method allows automation, economy of reagents and reduction of assay time
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Bastos, Erick Leite. "Desenvolvimento de um ensaio para determinação da capacidade antioxidante de produtos naturais através da quimiluminescência do luminol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-23012015-143743/.
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Na última década, o estudo de espécies ativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio e o seus papeis em um grande número de patologias revelou que substâncias antioxidantes são capazes de prevenir os efeitos do estresse oxidativo. A reação quimiluminescente de luminol e peróxido de hidrogênio, na presença de hemina como catalisador, tem sido utilizada como método de avaliação de atividade antioxidante, uma vez que a emissão pode ser suprimida por este tipo de substância. Foi realizado um estudo cinético para estabelecer as condições experimentais do ensaio. As concentrações dos reagentes foram variadas em diferentes condições experimentais na ausência e na presença de antioxidantes, e os resultados obtidos levaram ao melhor entendimento acerca do sistema. Um novo método para o tratamento de dados foi também utilizado, permitindo a correlação entre o efeito antioxidante e o número de fótons suprimidos. Vários antioxidantes conhecidos (trolox, ácido ascórbico e ácido úrico) foram utilizados para estabelecer a metodologia. A atividade antioxidante foi calculada a partir da correlação entre a área de supressão obtida e a concentração de antioxidante, usando trolox como composto de referência. Empregando esta metodologia foi possível determinar a atividade antioxidante dos extratos e do produto majoritário isolado de Photomorphe umbellata, o 4-nerolidicatecol.In the last decade the study of active oxygen and nitrogen species and their role in a large number of chronicle diseases, including cancer, heart disease and even aging itself, revealed that natural and synthetic antioxidants are able to prevent the effects caused by oxidative stress. Several methods can be used to evaluate the total antioxidant activity in body fluids, complex mixtures and isolated substances. Simple trapping assays can quantify the total antioxidant content in a sample, which is expressed as TRAP (total radical-trapping potential) or TEAC (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and these indexes are well accepted due to its high sensitivity and operational facilities. The determination of the antioxidant potential of plant extracts and isolated natural products may constitute a simple tool to evaluate the potential biological activity of plant constituents. The chemiluminescence reaction of luminol and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of hemin as catalyst has been used as the method to evaluate the antioxidant activity, since the chemiluminescence emission can be suppressed by antioxidants, and a linear relationship between antioxidant concentration and the observed induction time is obtained. A kinetic study was performed to establish the ideal experimental conditions for the assay. The reactant concentrations were varied in the absence and the presence of antioxidants, and the results lead to a better understanding of the system. A new method for data treatment is also used, which allows the correlation of the antioxidant effect to the number of photons suppressed. Several well-known antioxidants (trolox, ascorbic and uric acid) were used to establish the methodology. TRAP values were calculated from the correlations between the number of photons suppressed and the antioxidant concentration, using trolox as reference compound. Using this methodology we were able to determine the antioxidant activity of Photomorphe umbellata extracts, and of its isolated major compound, 4-nerolidylcatechol.
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Asil, Demet. "A Glow In The Dark: Synthesis And Electropolymerization Of Chemiluminescent Thiophene Derivatives." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609863/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
A GLOW IN THE DARK:
SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION OF CHEMILUMINESCENT THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES
Asil, Demet
M.Sc., Department of Chemistry
Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Ahmet M. Önal Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Atilla Cihaner September 2008, 63 Pages Two novel chemiluminescent monomers, 2,3-dihydrothieno(3,4-d)pyridazine-1,4-dione (T-Lum) and 5,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-dione (TTT-Lum), were synthesized. The reaction between T-Lum and TTT-Lum in alkaline solution with H2O2 gave chemiluminescence which can be catalyzed using Fe(III) ion. Owing to its sensitivitiy towards Fe(III) ion
T-Lum and TTT-Lum can be promising materials to detect bloodstains in the application of forensic science instead of luminol which gave response to a large family of metallic cations beside Fe(III). Also, TTT-Lum, which is based on a terthienyl system, was electropolymerized and its corresponding polymer (PTTT-Lum) was obtained via repetitive cycling or constant potential electrolysis in both 0.1 M LiClO4 dissolved in acetonitrile containing 5% of BF3-Et2O by volume and neat BF3- Et2O solution. In addition, PTTT-Lum, soluble in alkaline water, was synthesized successfully without breaking the pyridazinedione unit (chemiluminescent unit), as proved by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Electrochemical Luminescence (ECL) measurements. Thus, PTTT-Lum, bearing chemiluminescent unit, can be a good candidate to be used as a sensor in near future. Furthermore, the PTTT-Lum film has a very stable and well-defined reversible redox couple as well as electrochromic behavior during p-doping process. The polymer film has also a band gap of 1.74 eV with an absorption band in its neutral state at 536 nm. Finally, PTTT-Lum film was found to be electrochemiluminescence active, maintaining its activitiy over 1000 cycles.
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Sampaio, Thiago Rosa. "Desenvolvimento de microssistemas de análise por injeção em fluxo à base de uretana-acrilato para determinações por quimiluminescência." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15903.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2013.Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2014-04-16T14:17:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_ThiagoRosaSampaio.pdf: 3870939 bytes, checksum: ba87f9498e0c64094f58b9c8e74aad48 (MD5)
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Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento e avaliação de microssistemas de análise por injeção em fluxo à base de Uretana-Acrilato com célula de detecção por quimiluminescência integrada. A fotolitografia profunda no ultravioleta foi empregada para gravar os canais (largura de 500 μm e profundidade de 440 μm, aproximadamente) em fotoresiste de Uretana-Acrilato (UA), sendo a célula de detecção, em formato de serpentina ou caracol, desenvolvida com diâmetro de 1,0 cm, tamanho adequado ao tamanho dos detectores utilizados. Para a realização de medidas de quimiluminescência, foram utilizados dois fotodiodos (Centronic OSD50-E) e alternativamente foi utilizada uma mini fotomultiplicadora (Hamamatsu -H7468-03). O dispositivo microfluídico proposto suportou vazões de até 3,0 mL/min sem vazamentos e foi avaliado na determinação de peróxido de hidrogênio em soluções padrões, na determinação de hipoclorito em amostras comerciais de água sanitária e na determinação de nitrito em patês comerciais. Os sinais analíticos obtidos para a determinação de peróxido de hidrogênio utilizando detecção com fotodiodos demonstraram uma relação linear (R2=0,99987) para faixa de concentração entre 50 e 200 μmol/L e apresentou frequência analítica 110 injeções/h, enquanto que a determinação utilizando a fotomultiplicadora apresentou uma resposta linear (R2= 0,99999) na faixa de concentrações de 5 a 25 μmol/L e frequência analítica de 150 injeções/h. Para determinação de hipoclorito em amostras comerciais de água sanitária a curva analítica construída a partir dos dados obtidos com o microssistema com detecção por fotodiodos apresentou uma boa resposta linear (R2= 0,99848) na faixa de concentrações de 2 a 20 mg/L e frequência analítica de 80 injeções/h. Para a determinação de nitrito em patês comerciais foi utilizado um microssistema com detecção por fotomultiplicadora, em que os dados obtidos apresentaram uma resposta linear (R2= 0,99965) na faixa de concentração de 10 a 80 μg/L e frequência analítica de 60 injeções/h. Os resultados obtidos nas determinações de hipoclorito e nitrito foram comparados com os respectivos métodos de referência e não apresentaram diferenças significativas ao nível de 95% de confiança. Estes resultados demonstraram a viabilidade de se desenvolver microssistemas de análise por injeção em fluxo com célula de detecção por quimiluminescência integrada. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This work describes the development and evaluation of micro flow injection analysis systems based on Urethane – Acrylate photoresist with integrated chemiluminescence detection cell. The deep ultraviolet photolithography was employed to engrave the channels (width of 500 μm and depth of 440 μm, approximately) on plates of Urethane acrylate photoresist - ( UA ), and the detection cell (with serpentine or snail shapes) was developed with 1.0 cm diameter, an appropriate size for adaptation of the used detectors. To perform chemiluminescence measurements, two photodiodes (Centronic OSD50 -E) or, alternatively, a mini photomultiplier (Hamamatsu-H7468-03) were employed. The proposed microfluidic devices can operate with flow rates up to 3.0 ml/min, without leaks, and was evaluated in determining hydrogen peroxide in standard solutions, hypochlorite ions in commercial bleach samples and for the determination of nitrite in commercial pates. The signals obtained for the analytical determination of hydrogen peroxide using photodiodes as transducers demonstrated a linear relationship (R2= 0.99987) in the concentration range between 50 and 200 μmol/L and the analytical throughput of 110 injections/h. The results for the same determination using the photomultiplier showed a linear response (R2=0.99999 ) in the concentration range from 5 to 25 μmol/L and the injection rate of about 150/h. For determination of hypochlorite in commercial bleach samples to the analytical curves obtained with the detection by photodiodes showed a good linear response (R2=0.99848) in the concentration range of 2 - 20 mg/L with analytical frequency of 80 injections/h. The results were compared with the reference method and showed relative deviations of less than 5%. For the determination of nitrite in pates, using a photomultiplier to detect quenching of chemiluminescence, where the data obtained showed a linear response (R2 =0.99965) in the concentration range of 10-80 μg/L and analytical frequency of 60 injections/h. The results were compared with the reference method and no signicant difference was observed in 95% confidence level. These results demonstrated the feasibility of developing microsystems in UA with integrated chemiluminescence detection cells.
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Podbevsek, Darjan. "Optical probing of thermodynamic parameters and radical production in cavitating micro-flows." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1210/document.
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Une zone de constriction dans un micro-canal fluidique peut générer, si le débit est suffisant, un écoulement bi-phasique. Ceci est l’origine de la cavitation hydrodynamique. Les échanges de chaleur latente générés par l’apparition et l’implosion des bulles impliquent une variabilité importante de la température dans les zones au-delà de la constriction. En ajoutant des sondes de température nanométriques dans le fluide et en utilisant un microscope confocal on peut déterminer la température en un point. Ainsi on a pu établir des cartographies thermiques en 2 et 3 dimensions à l’intérieur d’un écoulement stationnaire bi-phasique. La technique permet en outre d’avoir accès à la quantité de gaz ce qui permet de corréler les gradients de température avec les zones de transitions de phases. Des zones de très forts refroidissements sont observées après la constriction, là où les bulles apparaissent. Par contre on n’observe pas les zones d’échauffement attendu à cause de la condensation. Une méthode complémentaire, moins sensible, utilisant la spectroscopie Raman a aussi été utilisée pour confirmer ce résultat. Par ailleurs une nouvelle classe de matériaux luminescents sensible à la température et la pression a été étudiée. Enfin une étude de la production de radicaux lors de l’implosion des bulles a été menée en utilisant la chimiluminescence du luminol. La technique utilisée par comptage de photons a permis de quantifier cette production et une cartographie de l’émission du luminol a permis d’associer celle-ci avec la zone d’implosion des bullesA constriction in the microchannel can be used to establish a two-phase flow, when a sufficient liquid flux is introduced. This is known as hydrodynamic cavitation. The latent heat resulting from the growing and collapsing vapor bubbles makes it interesting to observe the temperature conditions in the flow downstream of the constriction. Using fluorescence microscopy, with the addition of temperature sensitive nano probes into the working fluid, we can determine the temperature at a single point, averaged over the integration time. Coupled with a confocal microscope, we were able to produce two and three dimensional temperature maps of the steady state flow in the microchannel by the use of ratiometric intensity measurements. This technic allows us to observe temperature gradients in two-phase flow as well yielding the void fraction information. Areas of substantial cooling are observed downstream the constriction in the two-phase flow, linked to the bubble growth, while heating regions due to condensations are missing. A complementary, yet less sensitive probe-less technique using the inherent Raman scattering signal of the liquid, was used to confirm the findings. A separate study evaluating a new group of luminescent materials for optical temperature and pressure probes is performed and discussed herein. Finally, the luminol chemiluminescent reaction with radicals produced by the cavitating flow, is used to obtain a corresponding photon yield. By counting the photons produced, an estimate on the radical yield can be obtained. Additionally, rudimentary mapping of the chemiluminescence signal allows the localization of the bubble collapse regions
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Atilgan, Nurdan. "Design, Synthesis And Electropolymerization Of A New Chemiluminescent Terthienyl System." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609858/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION OF A NEW
CHEMILUMINESCENT TERTHIENYL SYSTEM
Atilgan, Nurdan
M.Sc. Department of Chemistry
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ahmet M. Önal Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Atilla Cihaner September 2008, 57 pages A novel monomer, possessing chemiluminescence properties, 5,7-di-ethylenedioxythiophen-2-yl-2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-dione (ETE-Lum) was synthesized. Chemiluminescence properties of ETE-Lum were investigated in alkaline water solution in the presence of H2O2 and this reaction was catalyzed by Fe+3 ion and blood. This study submits a new opportunity to investigate forensic and analytical application instead of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazine-dione (luminol). Response of other metalic cations was also investigated under the same reaction conditions. Electrochemical properties of ETE-Lum were studied in 0.1 M acetonitrile/tetrabutylammonium perchlorate solvent system containing BF3-Et2O and also in neat BF3-Et2O solution. In addition, the corresponding polymer film of ETE-Lum (PETE-Lum) was synthesized successfully via repetitive cycling by cyclic voltammetry and its electrochemical properties were investigated in a monomer-free electrolyte solution. Spectroelectrochemical behavior of the polymer film on indium tin oxide working electrode was also investigated by recording the electronic absorption spectra, in-situ, in monomer-free electrolyte solution at different potentials. Furthermore, spectroelectrochemical studies revealed that PETE-Lum had an electronic band gap of 1.66 eV. The results of electrochemical and electroluminesence measurements indicated that chemiluminecent unit of monomer was protected during polymerization. In addition, PETE-Lum film was found to be electrochemiluminescence active, maintaining its activitiy over 1000 cycles.
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Davies, J. D. "The measurement of opsonins in serum of renal transplant patients by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and its correlation with kidney graft survival." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370256.
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Mileski, Thayse C. "Aplicação de corantes benzazólicos fluorescentes por ESIPT para a revelação de manchas de sangue em cenas de crime e a síntese do luminol." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147171.
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Os corantes benzazólicos fluorescentes por ESIPT são conhecidos pela sua grande estabilidade e variabilidade no comprimento de onda da sua emissão de fluorescência. Novos derivados, nomeados HBs, foram estudados como corantes para sangue por possuírem grupos sulfônicos na sua estrutura molecular, o que é característico dos corantes proteicos utilizados para a análise de sangue. Estudos sobre essa aplicação foram desenvolvidos nesse trabalho, visando estabelecer vantagens e desvantagens em comparação aos reagentes mais utilizados. Os resultados foram satisfatórios para essa utilização, sendo tão sensível quanto o Amido Black e permitindo a combinação de técnicas com diferentes reveladores, sendo eles: Amido Black, Cianoacrilato e Luminol. Este trabalho também estudou a síntese do Luminol reproduzindo metodologias descritas na literatura, além da síntese do isômero Isoluminol. A obtenção de um produto com alto grau de pureza é difícil. Como são necessárias várias etapas, o rendimento do produto não é alto.The benzazole fluorescent dyes by ESIPT are known for their high stability and fluorescence emission wavelength variability. New derivatives, appointed HBs, were studied as blood enhancement dyes once they have sulfonic groups in its molecular structure, which is characteristic of protein dyes used for blood analysis. Studies about this application were developed in this work, in order to establish its advantages and disadvantages compared to commonly used reagents. The results were satisfactory for the referred use, being as sensitive as Amido Black and allowing for techniques combination with different developers: Amido Black, Cyanoacrylate and Luminol. This work also studied the Luminol synthesis by reproducing methodologies described in the literature, as well as the isomer Isoluminol synthesis. The obtaining of a product with high purity is difficult. As several steps are required, the product yield is not high.
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Moreira, Pablo Nogueira Teles. "Planejamento e otimização de um método quimiluminescente para determinação de vitamina B12 usando um sistema fluxo-batelada." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2008. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7142.
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The chemiluminescence (CL) of luminol-cobalt(II) reaction has been used in analytical systems for capillary electrophoresis, chromatography, -TAS (microTotal Analysis System), etc. Even with the diversity of applications, the steps of this reaction have not been completely elucidated and have been still a subject of research and controversy. Many works reported only to the isolated studies of the influence of each variable in the luminol-cobalt(II) reaction and, as such studies do not consider the interactions among variables, they do not exploit the total performance of this reaction in order to increase the chemiluminescent intensity (ICL). In this context, the use of an experimental design and a ChemiLumimetric Flow-Batch System (CLFBS) is proposed in this work in order to study and to optimize this reaction, aiming at to develop an automatic method to determine vitamin B12 (VB12) in drugs. For optimization purpose, a 24 factorial design was carried out fixing the cobalt concentration at 3.0 g L-1 and varying the concentration of luminol, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide and the order of mixture of these reagents. Sixteen assays were performed in five replicates, generating a total of eighty experiments. The analysis using normal plot of the experimental design revealed that the luminol concentration and the order of mixture of the reagents are variables more important than the NaOH or H2O2 concentrations to luminol-cobalt(II) reaction. These two parameters were responsible to enhance the chemiluminescent signal in about 80%. Another study was carried out in order to evaluate the CLFBS performance by using the optimized variables which were suggested by the factorial design study. Calibration curves were built by using standard solution of Co(II) and VB12 and the analytical parameters for Co(II) curve were: ΔICL = -21.39 +1771.37[Co2+] (r2 = 0.9996), LD and LQ = 12.0 ng L-1, RSD = 1.8% (n = 5), analytical sensitivity = 1947.29 W/g L-1; and VB12 curve were: ΔICL = -186.71 + 12.90 [VB12] (r2 = 0.9999), LD = 14.53 mg L-1 and LQ = 14.70 mg L-1, RSD = 2.1% (n = 4) and analytical sensitivity = 10.76 W/μg L-1. The results of the vitamin B12 analysis in drug samples employing the luminol-cobalt(II) reaction and CLFBS were enough satisfactory. Relative errors smaller than 4% were obtained by using curve calibration or standard addition method. The recovery studies yield very good values, which were of 97 to 103%. In addition, a good agreement was obtained when a drug sample was analyzed by the proposed and the reference (HPLC) method. Thus, the automatic chemilumimetric method, which was here developed and optimized, can be considered a promising alternative to quality control of vitamin B12 in drugs.
A quimiluminescência (QL) da reação luminol-cobalto(II) vem sendo empregada em sistemas analíticos de eletroforese capilar, cromatografia, -TAS (microTotal Analysis System), etc. Mesmo com a diversidade de aplicações, essa reação possui etapas pouco elucidadas que continuam sendo alvo de pesquisas e polêmicas. Muitos trabalhos relatam apenas estudos isolados da influência de cada variável na reação luminol-cobalto(II) e, por não considerar as interações entre as variáveis, estes estudos não exploram ao máximo a performance analítica desta reação. Neste contexto, foi proposto neste trabalho o uso de um planejamento experimental e de um Sistema Quimilumimétrico Fluxo-Batelada (SQLFB) para o estudo e a otimização desta reação com vista a desenvolver um método automático para a determinação de vitamina B12 (VB12) em medicamentos. Na otimização, foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 24 em que foi mantido constante a concentração de cobalto(II) em 3,0 g L-1 enquanto variou-se as concentrações de luminol, peróxido de hidrogênio, hidróxido de sódio e a ordem de mistura destes constituintes. Foram efetuados dezesseis ensaios em quintuplicata, perfazendo um total de 80 experimentos realizados. A análise usando o gráfico normal do planejamento experimental revelou que a concentração de luminol ([Lu]) e a ordem da mistura (OM) dos reagentes são variáveis mais importante do que a concentração de NaOH e H2O2 para a reação luminol-cobalto(II). Ambas variáveis [Lu] e OM foram responsáveis por aumentar o sinal quimiluminescente em cerca de 80%. Um outro estudo foi realizado para avaliar a performance do SQLFB, empregando as variáveis otimizadas que foram sugeridas pelo estudo do planejamento fatorial. Curvas de calibração foram construídas utilizando soluções padrão de Co(II) e de VB12 e os parâmetros analíticos para a curva Co(II) foram: ΔIQL=-21,39+1771,37[Co2+](r2 = 0,9996), LD=1,54 ng L-1 e LQ=5,13 ng L-1, DPR=1,8% (n=5) e sensibilidade analítica=1947,29 Watts/μg L-1; e para a curva VB12 foram: ΔIQL= -186,71 + 12,90[VB12] (r2 = 0,9999), LD=0,89 μg L-1 e LQ = 2,98 μg L-1, DPR=2,1% (n=4) e sensibilidade analítica=10,76 Watts/μg L-1. Os resultados obtidos nas análises de vitamina B12 em medicamentos empregando a reação luminol-cobalto(II) e o SQLFB foram bastante satisfatórios. Erros relativos menores do que 4% foram obtidos empregando as técnicas de curva de calibração e de adição de padrão. Em estudos de recuperação, os valores foram também muito bons, ficando entre 97 e 103%. Além disso, uma boa concordância entre os resultados foi obtida quando uma amostra foi analisada empregando o método aqui proposto e o método de referência (HPLC). Portanto, o método quimilumimétrico automático aqui desenvolvido e otimizado pode ser considerado uma alternativa promissora para o controle de qualidade de vitamina B12 em medicamentos.
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Rahou, Abdelhafid. "Étude du mélange dans un réacteur en T par chimiluminescence." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL009N.
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Les phénomènes de transport jouent un rôle important dans la conception des réacteurs chimiques. Dans ce présent travail, une réaction chimique est mise en œuvre pour étudier l'efficacité d'un mélangeur en forme de T à 90. La réaction choisie est celle de la chimiluminescence du luminol, l'oxydation de celui-ci par l'oxygène singulet produit par action de l'hypochlorite de sodium sur le péroxyde d'hydrogène, donne naissance à une lumière bleue dont l'émission est centrée sur 425 nm. L'intensité de cette lumière émise est mesurée le long du réacteur par un système photonique classique commande par un moteur pas-à-pas. Les résultats expérimentaux sont comparés à un modèle numérique qui simule l'hydrodynamique de l'écoulement réactif. Ce modèle résout les équations de Navier-stokes pour un fluide isotherme incompressible en deux dimensions. Une fois connus les profils de vitesses horizontales et verticales dans le réacteur, un modèle en régime turbulent tenant compte de la cinétique de la réaction est testé. Notons à cet égard que les coéfficients de diffusion des réactifs sont mesurés expérimentalement en utilisant la théorie de Taylor (1953). A la collision des solutions, le phénomène de mélange est mal connu. Par confrontation des expériences au modèle, les lignes de concentrations ainsi que celles de courant sont tracées. Un accord satisfaisant entre le modèle et l'expérience est obtenu en comparant les signaux lumineux calculés avec ceux mesurées expérimentalement pour différentes conditions
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Santos, Daniele Cristina Muniz Batista dos. "Estratégias para determinação espectrométrica de ozônio em águas e de elementos traço em leite de coco." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11653.
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CNPq
Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos métodos espectrométricos para a determinação de ozônio em águas e elementos traço em leite de coco. A primeira etapa foi desenvolvida, no âmbito de um projeto de doutorado sanduíche, na Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto em Portugal e a segunda no Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil. Na primeira parte do trabalho foi proposto um sistema de análise por injeção sequencial para determinação de O3 em água baseado na quimiluminescência deste com luminol sem a presença de catalisadores. Parâmetros físico-químicos foram estudados para obter o melhor desempenho analítico. O ciclo analítico desenvolvido permitiu a determinação de ozônio em 20 segundos com um consumo de 200 μL de amostra e 200 μL de luminol. O método apresentou boa precisão (RSD < 2,9%) bons limites de detecção e quantificação foram 0,04 e 0,13 mg L-1, respectivamente e a taxa de amostragem foi de cerca de 140 determinações/h. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado para a determinação de ozônio residual em águas e os resultados concordam a 95% de confiança com os fornecidos pelo procedimento de referência, a espectrofotometria no UV-Vis e o teor de ozônio nas diferentes amostras variou entre 0,21 - 1,36 mg L-1. O método analítico proposto representou uma alternativa vantajosa, pois requer um baixo consumo de reagentes e produz um volume reduzido de resíduos. A segunda parte consistiu no desenvolvimento de estratégias para a determinação de constituintes inorgânicos em amostras de leite de coco comercializadas na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Para a avaliação multielementar foram propostos dois procedimentos de decomposição: em bloco digestor e assistido radiação por micro-ondas. Também foi proposto um procedimento de extração assistida por energia ultrassônica (US). As técnicas espectrométricas empregadas para determinação dos analitos foram: espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) e espectrometria de massas com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS). A eficiência de decomposição foi avaliada considerando os parâmetros acidez e teor de carbono residual. Ferramentas estatísticas, PCA e HCA, evidenciaram que há diferença entre três fornecedores de leite de coco em relação aos analitos determinados após decomposição em forno de micro-ondas, bem como o tipo de embalagem. Para avaliação do US, foram aplicados planejamentos fatorial e Doehlert. A exatidão das metodologias propostas foi verificada com materiais de referência certificados (NIST SRM 8435 e 1549) e teste de adição e recuperação. As faixas de concentração, em μg g-1, para os analitos foram: Ca (10 - 138); Cu (0,15 – 1,7); Fe (0,9 – 4,9); K (97 - 1773); Mg (23 - 206); Mn (0,3 – 3,2); P (116 – 701); Zn (0,4 – 2,2); Cr (0,185 – 0,211), Na (59-1186); Ni (0,113 – 0,133) e Pb (0,0220 - 0,0296). As concentrações dos elementos As, Cd e Co estavam abaixo do limite de quantificação. Os teores dos macro e micronutrientes foram comparados com os valores apresentados na Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO) e foi possível perceber que as amostras analisadas apresentam composições diferentes, o que pode ser creditado aos diferentes tipos de solo e processamento. A concentração dos contaminantes estava abaixo do valor máximo permitido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA)
Salvador
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Chen, Dong. "Ultrasonic Control of Ceramic Membrane Fouling Caused by Silica Particles and Dissolved Organic Matter." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1109363214.
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Leite, Oldair Donizeti. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de procedimentos envolvendo reações quimiluminescentes em fluxo para a determinação de analitos de interesse alimentício, farmacêutico e bioquímico." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6071.
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Previous issue date: 2005-09-23Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
In this work, analytical flow procedures were developed using multicommutation concept and chemiluminescent detection for the determination of hydrogen peroxide, glucose and cholesterol in food, biochemistry and pharmaceutical samples. A personal computer Pentium 233 MHz equipped with PCL 711S interface was employed to control the flow manifold and data acquisition. The detection module consist of a flow-cell constructed with a coiled polyethylene tubing (0.8 mm i.d.), a silicon photodiode (OSD-50E) and an electronic device (model FAC 500) for signals conditioning and amplification, are devices were placed in a dark box. The manifold and detection module were characterized by hydrogen peroxide determination in pharmaceutical samples, monitoring the radiation produced in the chemiluminescent reaction between luminol, H2O2 and hexacyanoferrate(III). The analytical curve obtained was linear in the hydrogen peroxide concentration ranging from 2.2 x 10-6 to 2.1 x 10-4 mol L-4 and the detection limit obtained was 1.8 x 10-6 mol L-1. In the procedures for glucose determination in food, pharmaceutical and biochemical samples, a solid-phase reactor containing glucose oxidase immobilized in glass beads was employed. The hydrogen peroxide generated in this enzymatic reaction was monitored by chemiluminescent emission produced by the luminol/hexacyanoferrate(III) reaction. The proposed procedure showed linear response from 5.0 to 160.0 mg L-1 and a sampling rate of 160 samples per hour was obtained. The analytical procedure was employed with success in the glucose determination in honey, glucose pharmaceutical formulation, grape and tomato juices. For glucose determination in blood serum, the manifold was reconfigured to minimize the sample manipulation. The results obtained in the glucose determination in serum using this proposed procedure are in close agreement with those obtained using the comparative procedure at a confidence level of 95%. In the proposed procedure for cholesterol determination in eggs a solid-phase reactor containing immobilized cholesterol oxidase was used, the hydrogen peroxide produced was monitored by the same chemiluminescent reaction. The linear range of analytical curve obtained in optimized procedure ranged from 250 to 2500 mg L-1, and are described by the equation: Intensity (mV)= 43.0 + 0.325 x [cholesterol], r= 0.999, The luminol and hexacyanoferrate(III) consumption per determination were 356 µg and 2.64 mg, respectively. The manifold was reconfigured for cholesterol determination in serum. The results obtained were in agreement with those obtained using the comparative procedure. Extraction and pre-purification of enzyme peroxidase were carried out with the purpose of employing this enzyme as a catalyst in the chemiluminescent reaction between the luminol and hydrogen peroxide.
No presente trabalho, foram desenvolvidos procedimentos analíticos em fluxo empregando o conceito de multicomutação e detecção por quimiluminescência para a determinação de peróxido de hidrogênio, glicose e colesterol em amostras alimentícias, bioquímicas e farmacêuticas. Para o controle do módulo de análise e a aquisiçãode dados foi empregado um microcomputador Pentium 233 MHz equipado com uma interface eletrônica (PCL-711S), através de programas em linguagem Lab-View 6.0. O módulo de detecção consistiu de uma cela de fluxo de polietileno (em espiral), um fotodiodo de silício (OSD-50E) e um dispositivo eletrônico (modelo FAC 500), para condicionamento e amplificação dos sinais, que foram acondicionados dentro de uma caixa plástica. O módulo de análise e detecção foi caracterizado e empregado inicialmente na determinação de H2O2 em amostras farmacêuticas, monitorando-se a quimiluminesência produzida na reação entre o luminol, H2O2 e hexacianoferrato(III) de potássio. A curva analítica apresentou uma linearidade entre 2,2 x 10-6 a 2,1 x 10-4 mol L-4 e limite de detecção estimado em 1,8 x 10-6 mol L-1. Nos procedimentos para a determinação de glicose em amostras alimentícias, farmacêuticas e bioquímicas, foi acoplado no percurso analítico, um reator enzimático contendo a enzima glicose oxidase imobilizada. O H2O2 gerado na reação enzimática foi monitorado pela quimiluminescência gerada na reação entre o luminol e hexacianoferrato(III) de potássio. Após a otimização do procedimento analítico, obteve-se uma faixa linear de resposta de 5,0 a 160,0 mg L-1 e uma freqüência de amostragem de 160 determinações por hora. O procedimento analítico foi empregado com sucesso na determinação de glicose em mel, soro glicosado, suco de uva e suco de tomate. Para a determinação de glicose em plasma sanguíneo, o modulo de análise foi reconfigurado, a fim de se minimizar a manipulação da amostra. Os resultados obtidos na determinação de glicose em plasma sanguíneo, empregando o procedimento proposto, foram concordantes com o método comparativo a um nível de confiança de 95%. No procedimento analítico para a determinação de colesterol em ovos foi empregado um reator enzimático, no percurso analítico, contendo a enzima colesterol oxidase imobilizada, o H2O2 foi também monitorado pela reação quimiluminescente. A linearidade de resposta obtida, após a otimização do sistema em fluxo, foi de 250 a 2500 mg L-1 descrito pela equação: Intensidade (mV)= 43,0 + 0,325*[colesterol], R= 0,999, com consumo de 356 µg e 2,64 mg de luminol e hexacianoferrato (III) de potássio por determinação. O modulo de análise foi reconfigurado para a determinação de colesterol em plasma sangüíneo, apresentando resultados concordantes com o método comparativo. Foram realizados também estudos de extração e prépurificação da enzima peroxidase, catalisador da reação quimiluminescente, entre o luminol e H2O2.
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Solligård, Erik. "Gut luminal microdialysis." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1878.
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Schmidt, Xénia. "TOX3 – A candidate breast cancer predisposition gene." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21831/document.
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Deux tiers des cancers du sein expriment le récepteur à l’estrogène alpha (REα) et leur croissance dépend des estrogènes alors que l’expression de REα induit la différenciation et la sénescence des cellules humaines mammaires épithéliales normales. Le développement embryonnaire et la différenciation de la glande mammaire adulte sont contrôlés par des facteurs de transcription, dont beaucoup sont aussi impliqués dans la tumorigenèse. Plusieurs études d'association pan-génomiques ont identifié le putatif facteur de transcription TOX high mobility group box family member 3 (TOX3) comme un nouveau gène de prédisposition au cancer du sein.L’objectif de cette étude était la caractérisation fonctionelle de TOX3 dans l’épithélium mammaire normal et le cancer du sein.J’ai examiné l’expression de TOX3 dans des tumeurs du sein humaines et dans le sein normal par analyse des données d’expression issues de puces à ADN. L’effet de TOX3 sur la différenciation des cellules épithéliales mammaires était analysé par des assays CFC et FACS. De plus, j’ai effectué une analyse microarray des cellules luminales cancéreuses MCF-7 exprimant TOX3 afin d’identifier les gènes cibles de TOX3 ainsi que la méthode de purification d’affinité en tandem (TAP) combinée à la spectrométrie de masse afin d’identifier des protéines interactants de TOX3. Finalement, j’ai étudié le potentiel oncogénique de TOX3 dans un modèle de xénogreffeTwo thirds of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and are estrogen-dependent for growth. In contrast, expression of ERα induces differentiation and senescence in normal human mammary epithelial cells. Both embryonic development and lineage commitment in the adult mammary gland are governed by transcriptional regulators, many of which have also been implicated in tumourigenesis. Genome-wide association studies have identified the previously uncharacterised putative transcription factor TOX high mobility group box family member 3 (TOX3) as a new candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene.In the present study, I aimed to characterise TOX3 function in the normal human mammary epithelium and in breast cancer.I have examined TOX3 expression in primary breast tumours and in the normal mammary gland using micorarray data. The influence of TOX3 expression on lineage commitment was investigated using the colony forming cell (CFC) assay and FACS analysis. I further carried out microarray analysis of luminal breast cancer cells ectopically expressing TOX3 to identify TOX3 target genes as well as tandem affinity purification of TOX3 to identify TOX3 interacting proteins. Finally, the oncogenic potential of TOX3 was investigated in a human-in-mouse xenograft model
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Decker, Vanessa. "Avaliação da intensidade luminosa na germinação e no desenvolvimento iniciaç de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit.)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2008. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1354.
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Previous issue date: 2008-07-16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of light intensities upon the initial development of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings. The study was conducted inside a preservation area around a drinking water well used to supply Marechal Cândido Rondon residents from September, 11st to November, 20st . Seeds collected from mature leucaena trees located on adjacent county (Toledo) were scarifyed and sown in vases. The vases were distributed in the area obeying a entirely randomized design with 13 light intensities (treatments) and 10 replications (vases) totalizing 130 vases. Five and two seedlings per vase were left after thinning executed 10 and 20 daysafter sowing, respectively. Sixty days after the sowing, seedlings were collected for measurements of stem diameter, plant height, number and area of leaves, as well as root, stem and leaves biomasses. Results indicated to exist a polynomial relationship of fourth order between biometric parametersand light intensity; highest significances were calculated for intensities of 643 and 2273 Lux indicating that leucaena can be considered pioneering and tolerant to direct sunlight
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes intensidades luminosas, proporcionadas por sombreamento natural em área de preservação permanente, no desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de leucena. O experimento foi conduzido na área de Captação 1 do Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto de Marechal Candido Rondon PR, no período de 11 de setembro a 20 de novembro de 2007. As sementes, coletadas de árvores matrizes provenientes de um distrito de Toledo de Toledo PR foram submetidas a quebra de dormência com água a 80°C e semeadas em número de dez por vaso. Os vasos foram distribuídos na área obedecendo a um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com 13 tratamentos correspondentes às intensidades luminosas e 10 repetições (vasos), totalizando 130 vasos. Após 10 e 20 dias da semeadura foram realizados desbastes, deixando-se 5 e 2 plântulas por vaso, respectivamente. Sessenta dias após a semeadura, as mudas foram coletadas para avaliações biométricas como: diâmetro do caule, altura da planta, número de folhas, área foliar, Massa seca da raiz, caule e folha, além do Índice de Velocidade de Emergência. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância seguida de teste F e análise de regressão. Os resultados da análise demonstraram existir uma relação polinomial de quarta ordem dos parâmetros biométricos com a intensidade luminosa, em que a resposta da leucena foi mais significativa para intensidades iguais a 643 e 2273Lux. A resposta para menor intensidade luminosa parece demonstrar ser a espécie, secundária e invasora. A resposta para 2273Lux reforça a informação de que é uma espécie que também pode ser considerada pioneira e tolerante ao sol
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Sjunnesson, David. "Lumilos." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22219.
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Lumilos is a work investigating the possibilities to use light and color in an interactive design context.I have explored different light sources and compared them to each other and given a shortdescription of the history of light and how it has been developed during the industrialization in the western world. I have also investigated what is currently done in the field and summarized that with examples in the categories passive-, colored-, material- and interactive light. The conclusion is that working with interactive color and light is a hard task. There are many different angles to take into account such as personal likings and earlier experiences that is uncontrollable by the designer. Yet there are many possibilities and light is a material that is moldable in many forms.I have put the knowledge about light and color into practice and developed an interactive light wall that is visualizing energy consumption with the use of different colors of light and animations. The wall is built using modules to enable it to be scaled up and down to fit different contexts.
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Zhang, Wei. "Development of Photochemically Initiated Direct and Indirect Luminescence Detection Methods for Liquid Chromatography (LC) and Study of Aromatic Sulfonates and Phospholipids Using Reversed Phase Ion-Pair LC-Mass Spectrometry." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1068739487.
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Jackson, Mitchell S. "Luminous Days." PDXScholar, 2002. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5229.
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Luminous Days is a representation of my artistic vision, literary goals, and social influences. Artistically, I intend to create fiction that is aesthetically appealing. This aesthetic appeal includes the presence of a distinct narrative voice, realistically rendered settings, multidimensional characters, meticulous attention to diction, and sentence construction. The literary goal I hold in the highest regard is the creation of a body of work that demonstrates continued growth in my craft.
What I intend to render in my thesis is an accurate portrayal of the effects that drugs on the lives of my characters, and more specifically the relational strains of this disease on my characters. Luminous Days was not intended to be a mere exploration of drug addiction through the eyes of an addict, but an examination also, of the effects of people addicted to drug profits. Throughout this thesis I hope readers will glean insights into a culture this is at once marginalized, exploited, glorified, and criticized.
Artistically I hoped to create a story that is universally appealing by ascribing my characters problems and issues that are common to the human experience. I feel specificity in character depiction was a major component of that goal. I hoped to humanize my characters by ascribing them distinct desires, hopes, fears, and triumphs. In reading this thesis I want writers to realize one important thing: My work on this story is far from complete. This is a first draft of an almost completed manuscript. Read this work knowing that there are many drafts to come in terms of the evolution of my story.
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Wu, Ray-chin. "Simultaneous contrast effects in luminous and non-luminous colour." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/115.
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Herulf, Max. "Luminal nitric oxide : marker of intestinal inflammation /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4691-4/.
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Holland, D. "ZNF703 is a luminal-breast-cancer oncogene." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604163.
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Amplification of the 8p11-12 is frequent in breast cancers and correlates with a poor prognosis. Four different cores of amplification have been identified and the most telomeric contains several putative oncogenes that show strong correlation between amplification and overexpression. This study identifies the ZNF703 gene as the most likely driving oncogene of the most distal of these amplification cores. Firstly, this amplicon core is associated with ER positive breast cancer and more specifically occurs predominantly in the luminal B subtype. The minimal amplicon was found to include only the gene ZNF703 and to correlate with increased gene and protein expression. Amplification of this core was also found to be associated with poor outcome. In the luminal breast cancer cell line MCF-7, manipulation of ZNF703 expression altered transcription of genes including TGFBR2, which are also found in an expression signature of ZNF703 amplification in a dataset of 1001 breast tumours. ZNF703 was also found to bind to the promoter of TGFBR2, and to alter recruitment of chromatin modifying enzymes HDAC1 and p300. Overexpression of ZNF703 rendered MCF-7 cells insensitive to TGFβ-induced suppression of mammosphere formation. Finally, forced overexpression of ZNF703 in normal human breast epithelial cells enhanced the frequency of in vitro colony-forming cells from luminal progenitors. Taken together these data strongly suggest that ZNF703 is a novel oncogene in luminal B breast cancer.
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Hardwick, Kevin. "Sorting of luminal ER proteins in yeast." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358885.
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Nguyen, Thanh Nhan. "Deeper insights into the deleterious roles of ZNF217 in tumorigenesis and the identification of a novel and functional interplay between ZNF217 and ERalpha in breast cancer." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10331.
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ZNF217 est un oncogène potentiel codant pour un facteur de transcription Krüppel-like. Cette étude vise à explorer le rôle délétère et la valeur pronostique de ZNF217 dans le cancer du sein. Nos résultats ont montré que : (i) des niveaux d'expression élevés de ZNF217 (tant au niveau de l'ARNm qu'au niveau protéique) sont associés à un mauvais pronostic chez les patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein, et plus particulièrement dans les cancers du sein de type ER+/Luminaux/Luminaux A ; (ii) ZNF217 induit la transition épithélio mésenchymateuse (EMT) dans les cellules épithéliales mammaires humaines via la voie de signalisation du TGF-beta ; (iii) ZNF217 induit un phénotype agressif dans les cellules cancéreuses mammaires se traduisant in vitro par la stimulation de la croissance indépendante de l'ancrage, de la migration et de l'invasion cellulaire ; (iv) ZNF217 stimule la croissance tumorale et le développement spontané de métastases chez la souris ; (v) ZNF217 se lie à ERalpha et augmente l'activité transcriptionnelle ligand-dépendante de ce dernier en favorisant le recrutement d'ERalpha sur les éléments de réponse aux oestrogènes (EREs) ; (vi) ZNF217 stimule la formation de mammosphères dans des lignées cellulaires de cancer du sein ER– ou ER+ ; (vii) ZNF217 induit la résistance à l'hormonothérapie (tamoxifène) dans des cellules cancéreuses mammaires ER+ ; (viii) des niveaux élevés d'expression de ZNF217 sont associés à un mauvais pronostic en terme de survie sans récidive chez les patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et traitées par hormonothérapie uniquement. Nos résultats suggèrent que l'expression de ZNF217 représente un nouveau et puissant biomarqueur pronostique dans le cancer du sein ER+/Luminal/Luminal A, permettant la re-stratification de ces cancers du sein dits « de bon pronostic », pour lesquels il n'existe pas à l'heure actuelle de biomarqueurs permettant de les identifier. En conclusion, ZNF217 représente une nouvelle cible thérapeutique pour le traitement personnalisé des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein et exprimant de forts niveaux d'expression de ZNF217, en particulier les patientes ER+/ZNF217+ZNF217 is a candidate oncogene encoding for a Krüppel-like transcription factor. This study aims at exploring deeper insights on deleterious roles of ZNF217 and the prognostic significance of ZNF217 expression in breast cancers. We found that: (i) high levels of ZNF217 expression (at both mRNA and protein levels) are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, more particularly in ER+/Luminal/Luminal A breast cancers; (ii) ZNF217 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human mammary epithelial cells via the TGF-beta-activated Smad signaling pathway; (iii) in vitro ZNF217 stimulates several aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer cells, including anchorage-independent growth, cell migration and invasion; (iv) ZNF217 stimulates tumor growth and promotes the development of metastases in vivo; (v) ZNF217 binds with ERalpha and enhances 17beta- estradiol (E2)-induced ERalpha transactivation by increasing the recruitment of ERalpha to estrogen-responsive elements (EREs); (vi) ZNF217 increases mammosphere formation in ER– or ER+ breast cancer cell lines; (vii) ZNF217 confers resistance to endocrine therapy (tamoxifen) in ER+ breast cancer cells, and (viii) high levels of ZNF217 expression are associated with shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) in breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy only. Our findings suggest that ZNF217 expression represents a novel and powerful prognostic biomarker in ER+/Luminal/Luminal A breast cancers, allowing the re-stratification of these “good prognosis” breast cancers, which are currently not further classified by any other biomarkers available. In conclusion, ZNF217 could be a potential therapeutic target for a personalized treatment strategy in patients overexpressing ZNF217, in particular in ER+/ZNF217+ patients
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Barbosa, Cláudia Verônica Torres. "Percepção da iluminação no espaço da arquitetura : preferências humanas em ambientes de trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-02022012-094105/.
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As preferências humanas de iluminação nos ambientes internos estão relacionadas inicialmente à satisfação de conforto luminoso a partir de exigências não somente visuais, mas fisiológicas de saúde, conforme os objetivos do projeto e atividades. Este trabalho aborda a percepção da iluminação natural e artificial complementar diurna, em ambiente de escritório com o objetivo de identificar preferências humanas pesquisadas em um mock up, modelo que reproduz o ambiente em escala real. A partir do entendimento do ato de ver, procuramos mostrar como a luz pode alterar a percepção do espaço, revelar os contornos, alterar limites, escalas, cores e texturas das superfícies. A relação entre luz e espaço determina a nossa percepção visual do mundo que nos cerca e da maneira que o sentimos. Procuramos redefinir então o conceito de conforto visual, ampliando-o para conforto luminoso, que passaria a abordar aspectos não visuais da luz que exercem grande influência no metabolismo humano, através da regulação dos ritmos circadianos com desdobramentos na saúde, bem-estar e produtividade. Para a pesquisa experimental, o mock up foi construído simulando um ambiente de trabalho com mobiliário e objetos, onde as aberturas projetadas poderiam ser fechadas ou liberadas criando tipologias distintas de captação de luz, seja lateral e/ou zenital. Ao entrevistado, caberia escolher entre duas situações em que as variáveis consideradas foram: as posições e dimensões das aberturas para luz natural e inserção de luz artificial complementar. Para validação dos modelos e comparação dos resultados obtidos, trabalhamos com outros modelos, desde a maquete, à simulação computacional através do software Agi-32 e fotografias do ambiente em situações similares às pesquisadas no mock up. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que as preferências de iluminação em escritórios estão relacionadas à satisfação do conforto luminoso em função das tarefas, incluindo aqui também a distribuição da luz, dos contrastes obtidos nas superfícies e plano de trabalho, ou distribuição harmoniosa de luminâncias. Nas situações em que a luz natural atende aos requisitos quantitativos da tarefa e conforto luminoso, ela é preferida em relação à luz artificial. A pesquisa pretende contribuir para trabalhos futuros, acerca do estudo da percepção da luz, relacionando atividade ou função do espaço, intenções do projeto, qualidade da luz arquitetural e luz tarefa.The aim of this project is the study of people\'s preferences in interior lighting. These are initially connected to a sense of satisfaction and comfort, stemming from demands that are not only visual but also physiological. This study considers the perception of natural and complementary artificial daylight in an office environment and aims to identify preferences by means of a life size mock up model. Starting from the understanding of the act of seeing, the study seeks to show how light can change our perception of space, reveal outlines , and change limits, scale, colours and textures of surfaces. The relationship between light and space determines our visual perception of the world around us. This study seeks to redefine the concept of visual comfort, expanding it to the notion of luminous comfort. This notion comes to consider non visual aspects of light which greatly influence human metabolism by regulating our biorhythms, which in turn have ramifications for our health, well-being and productivity. In order to conduct our research a mock up was built which simulated a work environment. The space contained furniture and objects and openings could be closed or opened to create distinct types of lighting, whether lateral or zenithal. The subjects interviewed simply had to choose between tow situations. Variables considered were the aperture and position of the openings allowing in natural light and the use of complementary artificial light. To validate the models, results were compared with other models, computer simulations using Agi-32 software and photographs of the environment in similar situations as those investigated in the mock up. The results confirm the hypothesis that preferences for lighting in offices are connected to fulfilling the need for luminous comfort. Preferences are also linked to task lighting, including the distribution of light, contrast on surfaces and the work area as well as the harmonious placement of light sources. In those situations where natural light meets the quantitative demands of the lighting task luminous comfort is achieved and this is preferred to artificial light. The research contributes to future studies in how perception of light is linked to activity or the function of space. It also contributes to studies on the quality of light and task lighting.
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Souza, Victor Trassi Fernandes Silva de. "Efeito de adesivos modificados por nanopartículas de TiO2 decoradas ou não com prata em diferentes propriedades /." Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152106.
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Orientador: Alessandra Nara de Souza RastelliResumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do efeito antibacteriano de sistemas adesivos modificados com nanopartículas (NPs) de dióxido de titânio (TiO2) decoradas ou não por prata (Ag) em diferentes concentrações, assim como o grau de conversão e a resistência de união à dentina sendo avaliada imediatamente e após três meses em saliva artificial. Os sistemas adesivos AdperTM Scotch Bond Multi Purpose e AdperTM Single Bond (3M Espe), e Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) foram modificados com concentrações 0 (controle); 1; 2 e 5% de NPs de TiO2 (com e sem Ag). Foram confeccionados espécimes cilíndricos em resina composta (FiltekTM Z250XT, 3M Espe) na cor A2 com matrizes metálicas (4x2mm), nos quais foram aplicados os sistemas adesivos modificados ou não, de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes, para o teste de atividade antibacteriana por contato direto. Os espécimes foram colocados em placa de 24 poços e incubados por 18 horas a 37ºC em atmosfera de microaerofilia juntamente com 100μL de suspensão bacteriana padronizada contendo Streptococcus mutans e 900μL de BHI caldo + sacarose (1%). Para a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL), foram realizadas diluições seriadas com as soluções resultantes e 50μL dessas diluições foram plaqueadas em placas de petri contendo BHI ágar, sendo incubadas a 37ºC em 10% de CO2 por 48 horas. O grau de conversão foi avaliado por espectroscopia infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) para todos os adesivos modific... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present study evaluated the antibacterial effect, the degree of conversion and the micro-shear bond strength (immediate and after three months of water storage) of modified dental adhesive systems with TiO2 or Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles at different concentrations. The adhesive systems AdperTM Single Bond (SB), AdperTMScotchTM Bond Multi Purpose (3M Espe) (SBM) and Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) (CB) were modified with 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 wt% of NPs. For the direct-contact test, sterilized specimens (n=36) were made using a metallic matrix (4x2mm) with the composite resin FiltekTMZ250 XT (3M Espe), on which the dental adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Both materials were photo-activated using a LED light-curing unit (LED Radii Plus, SDI). The specimens were placed in a 24-well plate with 100μL of Streptoccocus mutans standardized suspension on their surfaces, 900μL of BHI broth and incubated for 18 hours at 37ºC under an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. A six-fold serial dilution was performed with the resultant solutions. Fifty microliters (50μL) from each dilution was retrieved and spread on brain-heart infusion agar plates and incubated at 37°C under an atmosphere containing 5% of CO2 for 48h and the colony forming units (CFU's) were registered. For the evaluation of the DC, the specimens were made by the modification of the dental adhesive systems with all concentrations of nanoparticles and stored for 24hs at 37ºC in an incubator. The FTIR analysis was conducted using an attenuated total reflectance unit (ATR) at a 4cm-1 resolution and 64 scans. For the micro-shear bond strength test, One hundred and twenty six standardized dentin specimens were made from bovine incisors and divided into twenty-one groups. The control and modified adhesive systems were applied on the surfaces ...(Complete abstract electronic access below)
Mestre
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Tan, Xiangyang. "Mapping endothelial luminal surface proteins for vascular targeting." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442704.
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Fallata, Ghaith Mohammed. "Association of gut luminal metabolites and allergic responses." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1515185113264117.
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Silva, Tiago Luís Rodrigues da Costa. "Classificação molecular de tumores mamários felinos e sua relevância clínica." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10096.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs tumores mamários (TM) apresentam uma complexa heterogeneidade morfológica e biológica, o que determina diferentes comportamentos clínicos e distintas respostas terapêuticas. Em 2011, uma nova classificação molecular destes tumores foi aprovada em Oncologia Humana com o intuído de realizar um diagnóstico mais preciso, uma seleção terapêutica mais direcionada e um prognóstico mais assertivo. Esta classificação baseia-se na avaliação da expressão de recetores de estrogénio alfa (RE-α), recetores de progesterona (RP), recetores para o fator de crescimento epidérmico humano tipo II (HER-2) e da proteína Ki-67, de modo a identificar e agrupar os TM em quatro subtipos moleculares que apresentam características específicas: Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), HER-2 positivo e Triplo-negativo (TN). Em Oncologia Felina, a sua aplicação começa a dar os primeiros passos, não existindo, supostamente, nenhum artigo publicado acerca do seu valor prognóstico. Assim, os objetivos desta investigação foram a análise da prevalência, da homogeneidade, das características clinicopatológicas, do tempo de sobrevida (TS) e do tempo livre de doença (TLD) dos quatro subtipos moleculares, bem como o estudo de outros fatores de prognóstico em tumores mamários felinos (TMF). O fenótipo molecular de 80 massas presentes em 21 felinos diagnosticados com carcinoma mamário, seguidos clinicamente entre 18 de março de 2009 e 31 de janeiro de 2015, foi determinado mediante a execução de protocolos imunohistoquímicos para avaliação da expressão de RE-α, RP, HER-2 e apreciação do índice de Ki-67. As associações estatísticas foram avaliadas através do teste exato de Fisher, do método de Kaplan-Meyer e do teste de Log-rank, considerando o valor de prova de 0,05. O subtipo mais prevalente foi o LB (n=16; 76,2%), seguido do HER-2 positivo (n=3; 14,3%), do LA (n=1; 4,75%) e do TN (n=1; 4,75%). A classificação molecular de todas as massas tumorais presentes em cada felino foi concordante em 47,6% dos casos (10/21) e, apesar de não se verificar nenhuma associação significativa entre as características clinicopatológicas e os diferentes subtipos moleculares, o fenótipo LA apresentou um perfil menos agressivo. A análise de sobrevivência revelou uma associação significativa entre a classificação molecular e o TS, com o subtipo HER-2 positivo a apresentar pior prognóstico (p=0,035). Essa associação foi ainda mais forte quando se consideraram apenas os subtipos mais prevalentes, LB e HER-2 positivo (p=0,014). O subtipo LA mostrou um TLD longo (27 meses), enquanto o subtipo TN mostrou um TLD curto (5 meses). O subtipo LB manifestou um TLD médio de 13,3 meses, significativamente superior ao do subtipo HER-2 positivo, que foi de 6 meses (p=0,043). A sobreexpressão de HER-2 demonstrou estar associada à presença de metastização no momento do diagnóstico (p=0,006), a menores TS (p=0,009) e a curtos TLD (p=0,003). Este estudo abriu novas perspetivas em Oncologia Mamária Felina, sobretudo por ter correlacionado, aparentemente, pela primeira vez, a classificação molecular dos TMF com o seu prognóstico, bem como a sua sobreexpressão de HER-2 com menores TLD. Assim, esta nova classificação para além de contribuir para o delineamento de terapêuticas mais eficazes, poderá ajudar a prever a evolução clínica de cada animal, de um modo semelhante ao descrito em Oncologia Mamária Humana.
ABSTRACT - MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF FELINE MAMMARY TUMORS AND ITS CLINICAL RELEVANCE - The mammary tumors (MT) display a complex morphological and biological heterogeneity, which determines different clinical behaviors and distinct therapeutic responses. In 2011, a new molecular classification was approved in Human Oncology, allowing a more accurate diagnosis, a more targeted therapy, and a more assertive prognosis. This classification is based on the expression assessment of estrogen receptors alpha (ER-α), progesterone receptors (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptors type II (HER2), and Ki-67 protein, in order to identify and group the MT into four molecular subtypes with specific features, namely: Luminal A (LA), Luminal B (LB), HER2-positive and Triple-negative (TN). In Feline Oncology, its application begins to take its first steps, not existing, supposedly, no article published about its prognostic value. Thus, the main goals of this research project were the analysis of the prevalence, homogeneity, clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the four molecular subtypes, as well as the study of other prognostic factors in feline mammary tumors (FMT). The molecular phenotype of 80 masses identified in 21 felines diagnosed with mammary carcinoma, followed clinically between March 18th, 2009 and January 31st, 2015, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry protocols for the expression assessment of RE-α, PR, HER-2 and for the determination of Ki-67 index. The statistical associations were evaluated using Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, considering a p value of 0.05. The most prevalent subtype was LB (n=16; 76.2%), followed by HER2-positive (n=3; 14.3%), LA (n=1; 4.75%) and TN (n=1; 4.75%). The molecular classification of all tumors identified in the same feline was concordant in 47.6% of all cases (10/21). Moreover, the LA phenotype evinced a less aggressive profile, even though no significant association was observed between clinicopathological characteristics and different molecular subtypes. The survival analysis revealed a significant association between molecular classification and OS, with HER2-positive subtype presenting the worse prognosis (p=0.035). This association was even stronger when considering only the most prevalent subtypes: LB and HER2-positive (p=0.014). The LA subtype revealed a longer DFS (27 months), while the TN subtype showed the shortest DFS (5 months). The LB subtype expressed a mean DFS of 13.3 months, significantly higher than that of HER2-positive subtype, which was 6 months (p=0.043). The HER2 overexpression was associated with the presence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis (p=0.006), a lower OS (p=0.009), and a shorter DFS (p=0.003). In conclusion, this study has opened up new perspectives in Feline Mammary Oncology, especially by having correlated, apparently, for the first time, the FMT molecular classification with its prognosis, as well as its HER-2 overexpression with lower DFS. Therefore, this new classification apart from contribute to the design of more effective therapeutics, can also help predict the clinical evolution of each animal, in a similar way to what is described in Human Mammary Oncology.
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Hussaini, Muzhgan. "Luminous Land of Phon." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91402.
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This thesis, Luminous Land of Phon, explores how architectural spaces, even interior spaces, interact with nature along different dimensions. Light and sound are the two very powerful elements of nature and are the focus of this study. Louis Kahn once said: "The sun does not realize how wonderful it is until after a room is made." (Source: https://www.quotetab.com/quotes/by-louis-kahn#GdaYdAIrZ8tmvcyh.97)
The question of nature is explored in an urban environment to challenge the tired dualistic division between the human and the natural world. This project transforms the way we think about the urban so that architecture and nature can have great harmony and elevate each other instead of canceling each other. The project is a school of architecture and landscape architecture that promotes fine spaces with desirable qualities of light and sound for the design professionals of the future. The project is sited in the University of the District of Columbia as an expansion of their existing campus and programs.Master of Architecture
The architecture is a school of Architecture and Landscape architecture consisting of a full scale natural water pool underneath the building, Gallery and shop space under the pool, studio spaces, class rooms, faculty offices, cafeteria, and ceremony halls for the University of the District of Columbia at its Van Ness Campus sited at the Connecticut Ave, NW Washington D.C. The thesis is an exploration of the concept of bringing nature into architecture and a formal study of their harmony with each other, Architecture, structure and construction of the building.
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Borghetti, Renato Antônio. "Aspectos fisiológicos e nutricionais associados à produção do cafeeiro com alinhamento de plantio norte-sul." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5535.
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The production and quality of the coffee can vary significantly in relation to nutritional, physiological, genetic and edaphoclimatic features. Among these aspects, the irradiance has a strong influence on physiological characteristics, affecting the quantity and quality of fruit produced. With the establishment of coffee plantations in regions of higher average temperature and flatter topography, such are generally the regions of Cerrado, field observations demonstrate the influence of the alignment orientation of the coffee plantations in the performance of the culture, as in the exposure of the leaves` surfaces. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the influence of the north-south alignment on the aspects related to production, quality, nutrition and physiology of coffee crops in the Cerrado region. The study was conducted in two areas of commercial plantation of coffee - Coffea arabica L. Topázio (area I) and Coffea arabica L. Catuaí (area II), with the planting rows aligned in north-south direction, in the municipality of Araxá, Triangulo Mineiro region of Minas Gerais state. In each area, ten sequential plants have been harvested, with five replicates per area, being each side of the plants harvested separated. From each side of the plants, samples of 4 kg of fresh fruits were picked up, properly washed and separated into cherry, green and floated beans. After drying, the quality analyses of drinking coffee from cherry beans were carried out. For the analyzes of leaf tissue, gas exchange (A), carbohydrates, photosynthetic pigments, and carbon isotope composition δ13C, five plants per area were selected, which had the apical, median and basal canopy positions evaluated on each side of the plants, at different times. The production of cherry fruits from Area I (Topázio variety) was 54 % higher on the east side compared to the west, and with lower production of green fruits. However, for area II (Catuaí viiivariety), there were no differences in production and average percentage of classes of maturity. The grades for grain cherry coffee drink did not differ between faces in relation to the sun exposure, to both areas analyzed, as well as to the other qualitative variables studied. The foliar concentrations of macro and micronutrients are within the recommended range for the culture, and in both experimental areas, the varieties did not show, in general, significant differences in nutrient content between the sides of the plant. Under saturating photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) the east and west sides showed high rates of A in the morning, being the variations A related to limitations in gs. The carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) in the basal area were higher in the west side to the area I (Topázio variety) and showed no differences for area II (Catuaí) and for the total concentration of chlorophyll.
A produção e a qualidade da bebida do café podem variar significativamente em relação a aspectos nutricionais, fisiológicos, genéticos e edafoclimáticos. Dentre esses aspectos, a irradiância apresenta forte influência nas características fisiológicas, interferindo na quantidade e qualidade dos frutos produzidos. Com o estabelecimento de lavouras cafeeiras em regiões de temperatura média mais elevada e de relevo mais plano, como nos Cerrados em geral, observações de campo demostram a influência da orientação do alinhamento de plantio de café no comportamento da cultura, quanto às faces de exposição das folhas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência do alinhamento norte-sul quanto aos aspectos relacionados à produção, qualidade de café, nutrição e fisiologia em região de Cerrado. O estudo foi realizado em duas áreas de plantio comercial de café - Coffea arabica L. Topázio (área I) e Coffea arabica L. Catuaí (área II), com fileiras de plantio orientadas no sentido norte-sul, na região do Triângulo Mineiro, município de Araxá MG. Em cada área foram colhidas dez plantas sequenciais com cinco repetições por área; cada lado da planta foi colhido separadamente. Retirou-se uma amostra de 4 kg de frutos frescos em cada lado, que foram devidamente lavados e separados em cereja, verde e boia. Após a secagem, foram realizadas as análises de qualidade de bebida dos grãos de café cereja. Para as análises de tecido foliar, trocas gasosas (A), carboidratos, pigmentos fotossintéticos, e composição isotópica do carbono δ13C, foram selecionadas cinco plantas por área, que tiveram as posições apical, mediana e basal do dossel avaliadas em cada lado da planta em diferentes épocas. A produção de café cereja da área I (variedade Topázio) foi 54 % superior no lado leste em relação ao lado oeste e com menor produção de frutos verdes. Entretanto, para a área II (variedade Catuaí), não houve vidiferenças na produção e na porcentagem média das classes de maturação. As notas obtidas pelos grãos de café cereja quanto a bebida não diferiram em relação as faces de exposição ao sol, para ambas as áreas analisadas, assim como para as demais variáveis qualitativas estudadas. As concentrações foliares de macro e micronutrientes estão dentro da faixa adequada recomendada para a cultura e, em ambas as áreas experimentais, as variedades não apresentaram, de modo geral, diferenças significativas nos teores de nutrientes entre os lados da planta. Sob radiação fotossintéticamente ativa (RFA) saturante, os lados leste e oeste apresentaram altas taxas de A no período da manhã, sendo as variações em A relacionadas a limitações na condutância estomática (gs). A discriminação isotópica do carbono (δ13C) e a concentração de clorofila total na parte basal foram superiores no lado oeste para a área I (variedade Topázio) e não apresentaram diferenças para a área II (variedade Catuaí).
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Birchill, Antony James. "The seasonal cycling and physico-chemical speciation of iron on the Celtic and Hebridean shelf seas." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10236.
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Shelf seas represent an important source of iron (Fe) to the open ocean. Additionally, shelf seas are highly productive environments which contribute to atmospheric carbon dioxide drawdown and support large fisheries. The work presented in this thesis describes the seasonal cycle of Fe in the Celtic and Hebridean Shelf Seas, and determines the physico-chemical speciation of Fe supplied from oxic margins. The results from repeated field surveys of the central Celtic Sea showed a nutrient type seasonal cycling of dissolved Fe (< 0.2 µm; dFe), which is surprising in a particle rich shelf system, suggesting a balance of scavenging and remineralisation processes. Coincident drawdown of dFe and nitrate (NO3-) was observed during the phytoplankton spring bloom. During the bloom, preferential drawdown of soluble Fe (< 0.02 µm; sFe) over colloidal Fe (0.02-0.2 µm; cFe) indicated greater bioavailability of the soluble fraction. Throughout summer stratification, it is known that NO3- is drawn down to < 0.02 µM in surface waters. This study revealed that both dFe and labile particulate Fe (LpFe) were also seasonally drawn down to < 0.2 nM. Consequently, it is hypothesised that the availability of Fe seasonally co-limits primary production in this region. At depth both dFe and NO3- concentrations increased from spring to autumn, indicating that remineralisation is an important process governing the seasonal cycling of dFe in the central Celtic Sea. In spring, summer and autumn, distinctive intermediate nepheloid layers (INL) were observed emanating from the Celtic Sea shelf slope. The INLs were associated with elevated concentrations of dFe (up to 3.25 ± 0.16 nM) and particulate Fe (up to 315 ± 1.8 nM) indicating that they are a persistent conduit for the supply of Fe to the open ocean. Typically > 15% of particulate Fe was labile and 60-90% of dFe was in the colloidal fraction. Despite being < 50 km from the 200 m isobath, the concentration of dFe was < 0.1 nM in surface waters at several stations. Broadly, the concentration of nutrients in surface waters described an oligotrophic environment where co-limitation between multiple nutrients, including Fe, appears likely. Over the Hebridean shelf break, residual surface NO3- concentrations (5.27 ± 0.79 µM) and very low concentrations of dFe (0.09 ± 0.04 nM) were observed during autumn, implying seasonal Fe limitation. The dFe:NO3- ratio observed is attributed to sub-optimal vertical supply of Fe relative to NO3- from sub-surface waters. In contrast to the shelf break, surface water in coastal regions contained elevated dFe concentrations (1.73 ± 1.16 nM) alongside low NO3-. Seasonal Fe limitation is known to occur in the Irminger and Iceland Basins; therefore, the Hebridean shelf break likely represents the eastern extent of sub-Arctic Atlantic seasonal Fe limitation, thus indicating that the associated weakening of the biological carbon pump exists over a wider region of the sub-Arctic Atlantic than previously recognised. These key findings demonstrate that the availability of Fe to phytoplankton may seasonally reach limiting levels in temperate shelf waters and that oxic margins persistently supply Fe dominated by colloidal and particulate fractions to the ocean.
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Mao, Yilei. "Intestinal mucosa reconstitution and protection impact of luminal factors /." Lund : Dept. of Surgery, Lund University, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=n-BqAAAAMAAJ.
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Carroll, N. J. H. "Studies on adherent and luminal gastric mucus in vivo." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378844.
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Gaya, Daniel R. "Investigating the role of faecal calprotectin in luminal gastroenterology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8745/.
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Providing a sensitive, non-invasive, cheap marker of disease activity inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises an area of ongoing interest and unmet clinical need. In previous years, options included only serum CRP (poorly sensitive and specific), colonoscopy (invasive, costly, perforation risk, inability to view proximal small bowel), CT (costly, ionising radiation risk) and radiolabelled white cell scanning (costly, poor sensitivity). My thesis describes a series of trials performed to establish the role of faecal calprotectin to define current disease activity in IBD patients. Prompted by studies demonstrating the potential role for a novel faecal marker of clinical utility in the context of NSAID enteropathy, we chose to investigate the role of this biomarker, faecal calprotectin (FC), in Crohn’s disease. To facilitate this I used existing cohorts and then generated new cohorts in which to address fundamental and clinically relevant questions of importance. We compared FC to radiolabelled white cell scanning in our first study which initiated and established a mutually beneficial collaboration between luminal gastroenterology and clinical biochemistry. Thereafter we recruited a rigorously phenotyped cohort of Crohn’s disease patients in remission to answer two separate research questions. First, was there a significant intra-individual variability of FC and secondly, would FC sampling in remission predict future relapse over the ensuing 12 months? Thereafter, in a new cohort, we investigated whether we were over-investigating new GP referrals to the GI clinic with only mildly elevated FC values. Finally, and most recently, we sought to investigate whether or not there was any correlation between serum calprotectin and FC in a new unselected GI cohort of patients, thereby potentially obviating the need for our patients to collect stool samples. Our data demonstrated that FC correlated well with radiolabelled white cell scanning in assessment of Crohn’s disease activity, thereby potentially avoiding this costly test as part of disease monitoring. In addition, we defined an acceptable intra-individual variability of FC in Crohn’s disease to support the clinical utility of one off testing using FC. Our prospective dataset revealed that an FC in remission can indeed stratify Crohn’s disease patients to estimate future relapse risk thereby allowing us to personalise medical therapies with more aggressive therapeutics employed in those with Crohn’s disease in remission but with residual high FC. The work we undertook in our primary care dataset revealed an extremely low yield of investigating mildly elevated FC and thus we developed a new shared protocol with our GP colleagues in which serial FC testing is recommended rather than referral to secondary care for such patients. Lastly, our most recent work demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between serum and FC in an unselected GI cohort meaning the search for a GI-specific serum biomarker of inflammation goes on – this is in accord with a variety of other chronic inflammatory diseases in which circulating biomarkers have proven challenging to find and especially to validate. This body of work has been presented nationally and internationally at meetings, and has been published in discipline relevant, peer reviewed medical journals. Moreover, it has supported the adoption of FC into everyday NHS GI practice. We were the first UK hospital to establish an NHS service for this biomarker in 2007 when we performed around 50 assays per month. Currently, the test is in widespread use and the Glasgow Royal Infirmary biochemistry lab now analyses 1400 samples per month. This has become an established non-invasive, cheap, sensitive marker of IBD activity in clinical practice, often avoiding the need for colonoscopy for the purposes of disease activity monitoring. This biomarker is also being used to gauge the success or failure of medical therapies in IBD and is a useful tool to differentiate irritable bowel syndrome from IBD. The clinical utility of the test has allowed GPs to triage referrals and often avoid referrals completely and has engaged patients in the self-monitoring of their IBD.
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Pereira, Rosana Aparecida. "Avaliação da microdureza de resina composta polimerizada com fontes de luz halógena e LED, em função da densidade de energia luminosa irradiada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25131/tde-22102009-103040/.
Full textAbstract:
No presente estudo, avaliou-se a microdureza da resina composta Z250 (3M ESPE), quando ativada em diferentes tempos (s), diferentes densidades de potência (mW/cm²), em relação à quantidade de energia irradiada (8, 12 e 16 J/cm²), com a finalidade de estabelecer uma densidade de energia luminosa mínima capaz de polimerizar adequadamente os compósitos. Foi utilizado um aparelho com fonte de luz halógena Degulux-Degussa, com 600 mW/cm² e dois aparelhos de fonte de luz LED, Ultraled XP (Dabi-Atlante) com 150 mW/cm² e LED Ultrablue-IS (DMC) com 300 mW/cm² e 600 mW/cm². Duas matrizes bipartidas de PTFE, de 1 e de 2 mm de espessura e um orifício central de 5 mm de diâmetro, foram usadas para confeccionar 60 corpos-de-prova, 5 em cada grupo. As duas partes da matriz foram contidas em um anel metálico com as mesmas espessuras. O material foi inserido na matriz e fotoativado de acordo com os diferentes tempos e a quantidade de densidade de energia luminosa para cada fonte de luz. Para obter os valores de microdureza Knoop, os espécimes foram levados ao microdurômetro Shimadzu HMV-2, com carga estática de 300 g por 5 segundos, para aferir as superfícies exposta (topo) e oposta (base) à fonte de luz, totalizando 120 medições. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Com os dados obtidos foi possível concluir que, com valores a partir de 16 J/cm² e 12 J/cm² de densidade de energia luminosa, espessuras de 2 mm de resina composta podem ser adequadamente polimerizadas utilizando-se fonte de luz halógena (600 mW/cm²) e LED (a partir de 300 mW/cm²) respectivamente. Contudo, estudos clínicos adicionais ainda são necessários para complementar este estudoAt this study it was evaluated the microhardness of the Z250 (3M ESPE) resin composite, when light cured for different periods of time (s), with different power densities (mW/cm²), related to the irradiated luminous energy density (8 J/cm², 12 J/cm² and 16 J/cm²), in order to establish a minimal energy density capable of adequately polymerize the composites. One halogen light curing unit Degulux- Degussa, with 600 mW/cm² of power density and two light-emitting diodes curing units Ultraled XP (Dabi-Atlante) with 150 mW/cm² and LED Ultrablue-IS (DMC) with 300 mW/cm² and 600 mW/cm² were used. Two bipartite PTFE matrices, with 1 and 2 mm of depth and a central orifice of 5 mm diameter, were used to make 60 specimens, 5 per group. The halves of the matrix were positioned inside a brass ring with both depths to prepare the specimens. The resin composite was inserted and light-activated according to the different periods and energy densities of each lightcuring unit. To evaluate Knoop microhardness, specimens were taken to a microdurometer Shimadzu HMV-2 with a static load of 300 g for 5 seconds, evaluating both exposed to light (surface) and opposite to light (base) exposition surfaces, totalizing 120 measurements. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukeys test with 5% significance level. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that, starting from 16 J/cm² and 12 J/cm² of energy luminous density, 2 mm depth resin composite can be adequately polymerized utilizing halogen (600 mW/cm²) and LED ( starting from 300 mW/cm²) curing-units respectively. However, additional clinical studies are necessary to complement this investigation.
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Sedin, John. "Prevention of Postoperative Duodenal Ileus by COX-2 Inhibition Improves Duodenal Function in Anaesthetised Rats." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysiologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198049.
Full textAbstract:
Abdominal surgery inhibits gastrointestinal motility, a phenomenon referred to as postoperative ileus. Since the postoperative ileus disturbs duodenal physiology it is important to minimize the side effects of this condition. Recent experiments in our laboratory show that treatment of anaesthetised rats with parecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, prevents duodenal postoperative ileus, increases duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and improves other functions as well. One aim of the thesis was to investigate whether removal of luminal chloride affect the parecoxib- and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced stimulation of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. The proximal duodenum of anaesthetised Dark Agouti rats was perfused with isotonic solutions containing zero or low Cl- and the effect on luminal alkalinisation determined. The basal as well as the parecoxib-induced increase in alkalinisation, but not that stimulated by VIP, were markedly reduced in the absence of luminal Cl-. One important function of the duodenum is to adjust luminal osmolality towards that in the blood. It is believed that the adjustment of osmolality in the duodenum is achieved by osmosis and diffusion of electrolytes along their concentration gradients and that these processes occur predominately paracellularly. Another aim of the thesis was to examine whether prevention of postoperative ileus affects the duodenal response to luminal hypertonicity. The proximal duodenum of anaesthetised Dark Agouti and Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with hypertonic solutions of different composition and osmolality and the effects on duodenal motility, alkaline secretion, transepithelial fluid flux, mucosal permeability and the adjustment of luminal osmolality were determined in absence and presence of parecoxib. It is concluded that COX-2 inhibition increases duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion by stimulating apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange in duodenocytes. Furthermore, pretreatment of anaesthetised rats with parecoxib improves a number of duodenal functions in both rat strains that contribute to improve the ability to adjust luminal osmolality. The choice of rat strain is another important feature to consider when interpreting the results because the DA strain was more responsive to luminal hypertonicity than the SD strain. Finally, several evidences are provided to suggest that the adjustment of luminal osmolality in the rat duodenum is a regulated process.
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Pan, Tony Shih Arng. "Properties of Unusually Luminous Supernovae." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10856.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a theoretical study of the progenitors, event rates, and observational
properties of unusually luminous supernova (SN), and aims to identify promising
directions for future observations. In Chapter 2, we present model light curves and spectra of pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) over a range of progenitor masses and envelope structures for Pop III stars. We calculate the rates and detectability of PISNe, core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), and Type Ia SNe at the Epoch of Reionization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which can be used to determine the contribution of Pop III versus Pop II stars toward ionizing the universe. Although CCSNe are the least intrinsically luminous supernovae, Chapter 5 shows that a JWST survey targeting known galaxy clusters with Einstein radii > 35'' should discover gravitationally lensed CCSNe at redshifts exceeding z = 7–8. In Chapter 3, we explain the Pop II/I progenitors of observed PISNe in the local universe can be created via mergers in runaway collisions in young, dense star clusters, despite copious mass loss via line-driven winds. The PISN rate from this mechanism is consistent with the observed volumetric rate, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope could discover \(\sim10^2\) such PISNe per year. In Chapter 4, we identify 10 star clusters which may host PISN progenitors with masses up to 600M⊙ formed via runaway collisions. We estimate the probabilities of these very massive stars being in eclipsing binaries to be \(\gtrsim 30%\), and find that their transits can be detected even under the contamination of the background cluster light, due to mean transit depths of\(\sim10^6L\)⊙. In Chapter 6, we show that there could be X-ray analogues of optically superluminous SNe that are powered by the conversion of the kinetic energy of SN ejecta into radiation upon its collision with a dense but optically-thin circumstellar shell. We find
shell configurations that can convert a large fraction of the SN explosion energies into
X-ray emission, producing unabsorbed X-ray luminosities of \(10^{44}\) erg/s in events lasting a few months, or even \(10^{45}\) erg/s flashes lasting days.Physics