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Joshi, Gajanand, R. K. Vyas, Ghanshyam Gahlot, and Yogita Soni. "Altered Level of Serum Magnesium in Patients with Esophageal and Lung Carcinoma." International Journal of Life- Sciences Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (2017): 1158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.4.10.
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Preeti, Sharma, Mathur Keerti, Sharma Rakesh, and Sankhla Manisha. "SERUM CORTISOL LEVEL IN LUNG CANCER PATIENTS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF DIAGNOSIS." International Journal of Basic & Applied Physiology 3, no. 1 (2014): 67–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4476014.
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Background & Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries and is rising in alarming rates in developing countries. Diagnosis of lung cancer is a form of psychological stress, so there may be neuroendocrine alteration in these patients like elevated serum cortisol level, as cortisol is considered as ‘stress hormone’. The study was designed to compare the serum cortisol levels in lung cancer patients at various stages of diagnosis. Methods: The study was conducted in 3 sub groups of lung cancer patients (n=150) and controls (n=150) in Upgraded Department of Physiology, S.M.S.Medical College, Jaipur to estimate serum cortisol level by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) method. Results: The mean serum cortisol levels were highest in sub group A (676.82 nmol/l) followed by sub group B (557.27 nmol/l) and sub group C (236.61 nmol/l). These differences were found highly significant on application of ANOVA (p<0.0001). Interpretation & Conclusion: The level of serum cortisol was highest in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. The data obtained also indicate that the high cortisol level is due to more psychological disturbances in newly diagnosed patients.
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Ambar, Prakash, Sharma Dhawal, and Wadhawan Gaurav. "A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Vs Open Surgery for the Management of Duodenal Perforation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 11 (2023): 1256–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11234944.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> The digestive duodenum has four parts. Rare but dangerous duodenal perforation is caused by peptic ulcer disease. Serum amylase, serum gastrin, leukocytosis, and C-reactive protein levels are evaluated for diagnosis. There are a variety of surgical and endoscopic treatment techniques available, and choosing one relies on whether or not the perforation is confined. Laparoscopic repair improves patient recovery and appearance. Still, its utility is disputed. <strong>Aims and Objectives:</strong> This research will evaluate laparoscopic duodenal perforation therapy to reduce mortality and improve patient outcomes. <strong>Method: </strong>Laparoscopy and exploratory laparotomy were compared for duodenal perforations in acute abdominal pain and peritonitis patients in a randomised clinical study. Participants were 15–70 years old with particular clinical markers. After ethics committee approval, 30 patients were randomly allocated to each group. Secondary outcomes included complications, recuperation time, and long-term follow-up. Primary outcomes measured surgical success. <strong>Result: </strong>Table 1 shows that the Laparoscopic and open-method groups have similar patient numbers and modest gender distribution differences. Table 2 shows similar smoking rates but a slightly greater acid-peptic disease frequency in the Laparoscopic group. Table 3 reveals intra-operative findings: longer mean time, higher liver damage, and a few laparotomy conversions in the laparoscopic group. Table 4 shows that laparoscopic surgery results in faster recovery, fewer respiratory issues, fewer infections, and less long-term adhesion obstruction than the Open Method. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Laparoscopic perforated duodenal ulcer therapy reduces mortality, treatment length, and expenses, according to this study. Lower incisions reduce infection risk, and post-operative adhesions, and improve lung function and patient comfort.
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Gaur, Priyanka, Sarika Pandey, Sandeep Bhattacharya, et al. "Association of Serum CRP level with Lung Cancer and Healthy Control of North Indian Population." International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (2018): 1698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.14.
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Hou, Yu-Lei, Jian-Hong Zhang, Jin-Bao Guo, and Hui Chen. "Clinical significance of serum S100A10 in lung cancer." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 10 (2021): 030006052110496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211049653.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum S100 calcium-binding protein A10 (S100A10) levels in lung cancer. Methods This prospective study enrolled patients with lung cancer, patients with benign lung nodules and healthy control subjects. Serum S100A10 levels and three biomarkers were measured and compared between the groups. Associations between serum S100A10 and clinical characteristics in patients with lung cancer were investigated. The diagnostic efficacy of serum S100A10 and carcinoembryonic antigen for lung cancer was calculated. Results The study enrolled 82 patients with lung cancer, 21 with benign lung nodules and 50 healthy controls. Serum S100A10 levels were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer compared with patients with benign lung nodules and healthy control subjects. Serum S100A10 levels of patients with advanced lung cancer were significantly higher than those with early stage disease. Patients with lymph node metastases had significantly higher serum S100A10 levels than patients without lymph node metastases. The cut-off serum S100A10 value for lung cancer detection was 1.34 ng/ml, which had a sensitivity of 48.2%, a specificity of 76.2% and an area under the curve of 0.63. Conclusion Serum S100A10 was significantly correlated with disease stage and lymph node metastasis. It has the potential to be a tumour biomarker for lung cancer.
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Guo, Fei Fei, Shi Jia Cheng, Yi Ning Liu, and Jiu Wei Cui. "The Potential Clinical Significance of the Serum Iron and Ferritin Status in Lung Cancer Patients." Journal of Nutritional Oncology 5, no. 4 (2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34175/jno202004006.
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Background An increasing number of studies have shown that iron, one of the indispensable trace elements in the human body, is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. However, few studies have clearly demonstrated the role of the iron levels in lung cancer patients, or the potential effects of inflammation on iron levels. Methods The clinical data for lung cancer patients and non-lung cancer participants were retrospectively analyzed. The serum iron and ferritin levels were measured and compared using a rank-sum test. The correlation between the serum iron/ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) was analyzed by rank correlation. The cut-off values for continuous variables were obtained by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method. An analysis of potential prognostic factors in lung cancer patients was conducted by univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Results The serum iron levels in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were lower than those with limited-stage SCLC, and the levels of serum ferritin and CRP in those with extensive SCLC were higher than those with limited-stage SCLC. Similarly, the serum iron levels in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were lower than those of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ disease, and the levels of serum ferritin and CRP in those with stage IV NSCLC were higher than those in stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ. The serum iron level was negatively correlated with the level of CRP, while the serum ferritin level was positively correlated with CRP. The stage of lung cancer, but not the serum iron/ ferritin level, was an independent prognostic factor in lung cancer patients. Conclusions The serum iron and ferritin levels are associated with the staging of lung cancer. The later stages of lung cancer are associated with a lower serum iron level, a higher serum ferritin level, and a higher CRP level. Inflammation may play an important role in regulating the serum iron and ferritin levels in lung cancer patients.
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Sahu, Ramesh Kumar. "Raised serum CEA and CA 19-9 in Lung Cancer in tertiary care hospital in Eastern India." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 05 (2017): 22598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.217.
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Aquino, Flavia Cristina Gonçalves de, Thais M. Guedes, Arthur Pires, and Heraldo Possolo de Souza. "Serum biomarkers for lung cancer screening." Revista de Medicina 98, no. 1 (2019): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v98i1p60-72.
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Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. Screening patients at high risk of developing lung cancer is a worldwide priority, since it can be cured if diagnosed in early stages. Currently, screening in high risk individuals is made using low dose computed tomography, however, this method may lead to false-positive tests and overdiagnosis. The usefulness of serum biomarkers would be relevant in two situations: 1) the screening of large groups at high risk of developing lung cancer, where the biomarker should be very sensitive and 2) during the investigation of pulmonary nodules, where the biomarker should be very specific. Several serum biomarkers have been tested to work as biomarkers for lung cancer screening. Unfortunately, so far, none of them has come into current clinical practice. In this review, we analyze some of the serum biomarkers described in the last 10 years, evaluating their potential as tools to detect lung cancer, particularly in smokers. The use of serum biomarkers and imaging methods together seems to be a solution to early diagnosis of lung cancer, more efficient treatment and enhanced chance of cure.
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Mousa, Amne, Siebe G. Blok, Dian Karssen, et al. "Correlation between Serum Biomarkers and Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: An Observational Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 4 (2024): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040421.
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Serum biomarkers and lung ultrasound are important measures for prognostication and treatment allocation in patients with COVID-19. Currently, there is a paucity of studies investigating relationships between serum biomarkers and ultrasonographic biomarkers derived from lung ultrasound. This study aims to assess correlations between serum biomarkers and lung ultrasound findings. This study is a secondary analysis of four prospective observational studies in adult patients with COVID-19. Serum biomarkers included markers of epithelial injury, endothelial dysfunction and immune activation. The primary outcome was the correlation between biomarker concentrations and lung ultrasound score assessed with Pearson’s (r) or Spearman’s (rs) correlations. Forty-four patients (67 [41–88] years old, 25% female, 52% ICU patients) were included. GAS6 (rs = 0.39), CRP (rs = 0.42) and SP-D (rs = 0.36) were correlated with lung ultrasound scores. ANG-1 (rs = −0.39) was inversely correlated with lung ultrasound scores. No correlations were found between lung ultrasound score and several other serum biomarkers. In patients with COVID-19, several serum biomarkers of epithelial injury, endothelial dysfunction and immune activation correlated with lung ultrasound findings. The lack of correlations with certain biomarkers could offer opportunities for precise prognostication and targeted therapeutic interventions by integrating these unlinked biomarkers.
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Humbert, Marc, Rose Marie Delattre, Jacques Cerrina, Philippe Dartevelle, Gérald Simonneau, and Dominique Emilie. "Serum Neopterin After Lung Transplantation." Chest 103, no. 2 (1993): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.103.2.449.
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Li, Rong, Jing Wu, Liwen Xiong, and Baohui Han. "Lung cancer and benign lung diseases in patients with serious vitamin D deficiency in eastern China." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): e12010-e12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e12010.
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e12010 Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem. Methods: We estimated the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations to confirm whether patients with lung diseases in eastern China showed vitamin D deficiency and whether this deficiency was related to the risk of lung cancer.We used chemiluminescence to estimate the 25(OH)D concentrations in 250 patients from eastern China, of whom 197 had untreated stage III/IV lung cancer and 53 had benign lung diseases. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration of patients with lung cancer was 10.63 ± 7.04 ng/mL and that of patients with benign lung disease was 9.62 ± 6.37 ng/mL. Although there was no significant difference between the values, the mean serum concentrations of 25(OH)D obtained in patients with lung cancer and benign lung diseases were lower than the normal value (>20 ng/mL); p values in both cases were less than 0.0001. Among the 250 patients, 90 showed low serum 25(OH)D levels of ≤ 4 ng/mL. Conclusions: Patients with lung diseases in eastern China show low serum levels of 25(OH)D, and the average serum 25(OH)D level is much below the normal vitamin D level. Presently it cannot be concluded whether the low levels of 25(OH)D is a risk factor for lung cancer, because the average serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with lung cancer or benign lung diseases are very low.
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Koç, Melike, Dane Ediger, Ferah Budak, et al. "Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Elevated in Serum but not in Bronchial Lavage Fluid in Patients with Lung Cancer." Tumori Journal 92, no. 2 (2006): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160609200211.
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Aims and Background Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family member MMP-9 degrades type IV collagen, which is one of the main constituents of the basement membrane. MMP-9 is closely associated with the invasive and metastatic potential of most types of lung cancer. In this study we investigated the levels of MMP-9 in serum and bronchial lavage fluid from lung cancer patients and compared them with the levels in patients with nonmalignant lung disease. We also attempted to clarify the possible relationship between serum and bronchial lavage fluid MMP-9 levels and histopathology, staging and metastasis of lung cancer. Study Design The study group consisted of 34 patients with lung cancer. The control group comprised 21 patients with nonmalignant lung disease. MMP-9 levels in serum and bronchial lavage fluid were evaluated by ELISA. Results MMP-9 levels in serum samples from the group with malignant disease were significantly higher than those from the control group (P <0.05). Bronchial lavage MMP-9 levels did not differ significantly between the two groups (P >0.05). Serum MMP-9 levels were two-fold higher than those in bronchial lavage, but there was no correlation between bronchial lavage and serum levels in both groups (r = 0.18, P >0.05). In the group with malignant disease, MMP-9 levels in serum and bronchial lavage fluid did not show any relationship with histopathological type and tumor stage. There was a statistically significant correlation between serum MMP-9 levels and local tumor stage in smoking nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (r = 0.33, P <0.05). Karnofsky scores of lung cancer patients were inversely correlated with MMP-9 levels of serum (r = -0.39, P <0.05) but not of bronchial lavage fluid. Conclusion From our data it can be concluded that MMP-9 levels of serum but not of bronchial lavage fluid can be helpful in differentiating between malignant and benign lung diseases, and are related to the local stage in NSCLC patients and general clinical status of lung cancer patients.
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Zhang, Lihong, Hongbin Wang та Xuejun Dong. "Diagnostic value of α-enolase expression and serum α-enolase autoantibody levels in lung cancer". Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 44, № 1 (2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562016000000241.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of α-enolase (ENO1) and serum ENO1 autoantibody levels in lung cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining and ELISA were performed to detect ENO1 expression in lung tissue and serum ENO1 autoantibody levels, respectively. Results: The expression of ENO1 was higher in lung cancer tissues than in benign lung disease tissues (p < 0.001). The proportion of lung cancer samples expressing ENO1 was not significantly different among the various pathological classification groups. The proportion of samples expressing ENO1 was higher in lung cancer patients in stages I/II than in those in stages III/IV (χ2 = 5.445; p = 0.018). The expression of ENO1 in lung cancer tissues was not associated with age, gender, or smoking history. Serum ENO1 antibody levels were significantly higher in the lung cancer group than in the benign lung disease and control groups (p < 0.001). The differences among the pathological classification groups were not statistically significant. Serum ENO1 antibody levels were also in lung cancer patients in stages I/II than in those in stages III/IV (p < 0.01). Serum ENO1 antibody levels were not associated with age, gender, or smoking history in lung cancer patients. The ROC curve representing the diagnosis of lung cancer based on ENO1 antibody levels had an area under the curve of 0.806. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high levels of ENO1 are associated with the clinical stage of lung cancer and that ENO1 expression and its serum autoantibody levels show diagnostic value in lung cancer.
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Kerr, Nadine, Juan de Rivero Vaccari, Oliver Umland, et al. "Human Lung Cell Pyroptosis Following Traumatic Brain Injury." Cells 8, no. 1 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010069.
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Approximately 30% of traumatic brain injured patients suffer from acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our previous work revealed that extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated inflammasome signaling plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced lung injury. Here, serum-derived EVs from severe TBI patients were analyzed for particle size, concentration, origin, and levels of the inflammasome component, an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruiting domain (ASC). Serum ASC levels were analyzed from EV obtained from patients that presented lung injury after TBI and compared them to EV obtained from patients that did not show any signs of lung injury. EVs were co-cultured with lung human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) to evaluate inflammasome activation and endothelial cell pyroptosis. TBI patients had a significant increase in the number of serum-derived EVs and levels of ASC. Severe TBI patients with lung injury had a significantly higher level of ASC in serum and serum-derived EVs compared to individuals without lung injury. Only EVs isolated from head trauma patients with gunshot wounds were of neural origin. Delivery of serum-derived EVs to HMVEC-L activated the inflammasome and resulted in endothelial cell pyroptosis. Thus, serum-derived EVs and inflammasome proteins play a critical role in the pathogenesis of TBI-induced lung injury, supporting activation of an EV-mediated neural-respiratory inflammasome axis in TBI-induced lung injury.
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Xu, Liu, Wang Lina, and Yin Xuejun. "The diagnostic value of serum CEA, NSE and MMP-9 for on-small cell lung cancer." Open Medicine 11, no. 1 (2016): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2016-0012.
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AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. But no one type of serum biomarker was found to be highly sensitive and specific for detection of lung cancer at present. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate a diagnostic value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP-9) for non-small cell lung cancer. Thirty-six cases with pathology confirmed non-small cell lung cancer and thirty-two of subjects with benign lung disease were reviewed in our hospital and included in this retrospective study. The serum level of CEA, NSE and MMP-9 were tested and compared between the non-small cell lung cancer patients and benign lung disease. The diagnosis sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for serum CEA, NSE and MMP-9 were calculated with STATA10.0 software. The serum CEA, NSE and MMP-9 were 32.0±16.7 ng/mL, 51.6±68.3 ng/mL, 30.6 ±15.7 μg/L for the NSCLC patients and 15.1±10.9 ng/mL, 4.9±3.1 ng/mL, 9.3±5.9 μg/L for the benign lung disease patients with statistical difference (Pall<0.05); The diagnosis sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 80.0%, 72.2%, 0.84 for the serum CEA; 71.0%, 83.3% and 0.80 for NSE and 87.1%, 80.56%, 0.89 for MMP-9, respectively. The serum CEA, NSE and MMP-9 were generally elevated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and could be used as potential bio-markers for non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis.
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Li, Minhua, Bo Ye, Yuxia Zhang, et al. "Proteomic Analysis of Serum in Lung Cancer Induced by 3-Methylcholanthrene." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/397910.
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Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer is problematic due to the lack of a marker with high diagnosis sensitivity and specificity. To determine the differently expressed proteins in the serum of lung cancer and figure out the function of the proteins, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to screen the serum proteins of lung cancer model induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). From optimized 2DE image, 455 spots in the normal sera and 716 spots in the lung cancers sera were detected. Among them, 141 protein spots were differentially expressed when comparing the serum from normal rat and serum from lung cancer model, including 82 overexpressed proteins and 59 underexpressed proteins. Changes of haptoglobin, transthyretin, and TNF superfamily member 8 (TNFRS8) were confirmed in sera from lung cancer by MALDI-TOF-MS. Proteomics technology leads to identify changes of haptoglobin, transthyretin, and TNFRS8 in serum of rat lung cancer model and represents a powerful tool in searching for candidate proteins as biomarkers.
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Peter, Ogbu Arubi, and John Oloche Jeremiah. "In-vivo investigation of dimethoate toxicity on serum enzymes, target organs and intestinal tissues of albino rats." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 2 (2023): 1330–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12608943.
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Dimethoate is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide used to control agricultural, industrial and domestic pests. Despite its benefits, toxicities in non-target organisms have been widely reported. This study investigated acute and sub-chronic toxicities of dimethoate in rats. The arithmetic method of Karbar and a modification of repeated 8-week oral toxicity were adopted for the determination of acute and sub-chronic toxicities of dimethoate, respectively. Symptoms of acute toxicity evaluated include muscular weakness, respiratory distress, convulsion and death. Animals that were used for the sub-chronic toxicity studies were divided into 4 groups of 5. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed with feeds containing 200, 500 and 800 mg/kg dimethoate respectively, while group 1 served as the control. The weight of the animals were determined weekly for 8 weeks, and thereafter sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for biochemical tests, and the liver, kidney, lung, intestine and heart were excised and processed for histopathological analysis. The calculated median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) was 176 mg/kg. Animals in all groups gained weight progressively. However, a dose-dependent significant rise in alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatise, but not aspartate transaminase accompanied with significant focal necrosis in liver, eosinphilic casts in kidney and intestinal ulceration in group 3 and 4 in animals. In addition, dimethoate- induced inflammation was observed in the liver, kidney, lung and intestine tissues. The derangement of biochemical parameters and relevant histopathological alterations observed in rats exposed to dimethoate are suggestive of toxicity. Therefore necessary precautionary measures should be taking during handling and use.
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ÇİLEDAĞ, Aydın, Pınar AKIN KABALAK, Gökhan ÇELİK, et al. "High serum YKL-40 level is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer." Tuberkuloz ve Toraks 66, no. 4 (2018): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/tt.67319.
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Xie, Haiqin, Jinliang Chen, Xuedong Lv та ін. "Clinical Value of Serum and Exhaled Breath Condensate miR-186 and IL-1β Levels in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer". Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19 (1 січня 2020): 153303382094749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033820947490.
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Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the expression level and clinical significance of serum and exhaled breath condensate miR-186 and IL-1β in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods: The serum and exhaled breath condensate specimens of 62 non-small cell lung cancer patients and 60 healthy controls were collected to detect miR-186 expression levels by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to examine IL-1β concentration. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between miR-186 and IL-1β in serum and clinicopathological features, traditional serum tumor markers, and inflammatory markers. The diagnostic efficacy of miR-186 and IL-1β for non-small cell lung cancer was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between miR-186 and IL-1β was determined. Results: ① The relative expression level of miR-186 was greatly reduced in the serum and EBC of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and the miR-186 expression level was reduced in different TNM stages of non-small cell lung cancer, from the early to later stages. ② The IL-1β concentration in serum and exhaled breath condensate of patients with non-small cell lung cancer was increased. ③ Serum miR-186 and IL-1β levels were closely related to lymph node metastasis, and the low expression of serum miR-186 and the high concentration of IL-1β were associated with higher serum carcinoembryonic antigen, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels. ④ ROC curve analysis showed that exhaled breath condensate miR-186 had higher area under the curve than serum miR-186, and the combined detection showed higher diagnostic efficacy than the separate detection. In addition, the combined detection of IL-1β and miR-186 has a larger AUC than the separate detection of both. ⑤ The correlation between serum miR-186 and IL-1β was negative. Conclusion: miR-186 and IL-1β are expected to be potential diagnostic biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Gupta, S. K., P. G. Reinhart, and D. K. Bhalla. "Enhancement of fibronectin expression in rat lung by ozone and an inflammatory stimulus." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 275, no. 2 (1998): L330—L335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.2.l330.
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This study investigated the relationship of fibronectin expression and induction of pulmonary inflammation by ozone (O3). Rats were exposed to 0.8 parts/million O3 to induce lung inflammation. A second inflammatory stimulus, rabbit serum, was applied intratracheally to augment O3-induced inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were analyzed for fibronectin protein and mRNA expression. Blood plasma was analyzed to investigate the potential of a minimally invasive procedure in predicting lung inflammation and fibronectin levels. Significant increases in the levels of fibronectin protein in the BALF and lung tissue after O3 exposure were further enhanced by pretreatment with normal serum. An increase in fibronectin mRNA following O3 exposure was also enhanced by serum pretreatment, which by itself had no effect on lung fibronectin mRNA expression. Plasma fibronectin levels were comparable in air-PBS and O3-PBS groups but increased in the O3-serum group. The results suggest leakage of fibronectin from blood plasma into the lung following intratracheal application of rabbit serum and upregulation of local synthesis following O3 exposure.
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Sun, Mingzhong, Jiangxiang Song, Zhongwei Zhou, et al. "Comparison of Serum MicroRNA21 and Tumor Markers in Diagnosis of Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Disease Markers 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3823121.
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Objective.To compare the clinical value of serum microRNA21 (miR21) and other tumor markers in early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods.Serums carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and miR21 were detected in 50 NSCLC cases and 60 healthy control individuals.Results.Average serums miR21, CEA, NSE, and CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly higher in the case group than in control group (P<0.01). Analysis of areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) revealed that CEA had the highest diagnostic efficiency for NSCLC. Serums miR21 and CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly lower at TNM stages I-II than stages III-IV (P<0.05). Further, logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the incidence of early NSCLC (TNM stages I-II) was correlated with serums CYFRA21-1 (OR = 1.076) and miR21 (OR = 2.473) levels (P<0.05). By AUC analysis, miR21 had the highest diagnostic efficiency for early NSCLC, and single or combined detection of serums CYFRA21-1 and miR21 levels showed improved diagnostic efficiency for joint detection of both markers.Conclusions.Serum miR21 could serve as an important marker for auxiliary diagnosis of early NSCLC, while joint detection of serums miR21 and CYFRA21-1 levels could improve diagnostic efficiency.
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Zhan, Zhuqin, Zhulan Lian, and Haitao Bai. "Dexamethasone inhibited angiotensin II and its receptors to reduce sepsis-induced lung and kidney injury in rats." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0308557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308557.
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Objectives To investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on acute lung and kidney injury with sepsis and its possible mechanism. Methods Control (NC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopolysaccharide + dexamethasone (LPS+DXM) treated groups were established by random assignment of 72 Wistar rats. The NC rats were injected with physiological saline, while the LPS group was injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) and LPS+DXM group was injected with LPS(5 mg/kg) first and followed by DXM (1 mg/kg). Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) were measured by ELISA. Lung wet/dry weight ratio, serum creatinine(SCR) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were determined at various time points. Hematoxylin Eosin staining (HE) for pathological changes in the lung and kidney. Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) in plasma, lung and kidney tissues. Immunohistochemistry and western blot (WB) were used to detect angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) protein and angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2R) protein in lung and kidney tissues. The level of nitric oxide (NO) in serum, lung and kidney were detected using nitrate reductase method. Results Compared with control group, serum TNF-α, MIP-1α, SCR, BUN, lung W/D, Ang II level in plasma, lung and kidney, lung and kidney AT2R protein, NO level in serum, lung and kidney were significantly elevated(P<0.05) and pathological damage of lung and kidney tissues were showed in LPS group rats (P<0.05), whereas DXM down-regulated the above indexes and alleviate pathological damage of lung and kidney tissues. However, the expression of the lung and kidney AT1R protein was opposite to the above results. Conclusions Sepsis can cause acute lung and kidney injury and changes RAAS components in circulating, lung and renal. DXM can improve acute lung and kidney injury in septic rats, and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of inflammatory factors, AngII, AT2R, NO and up-regulation of AT1R expression by DXM.
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Larose, Tricia L., Ben M. Brumpton, Arnulf Langhammer, et al. "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, smoking and lung function in adults: the HUNT Study." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 2 (2015): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00226614.
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The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and lung function changes in the general population remains unclear.We conducted cross-sectional (n=1220) and follow-up (n=869) studies to investigate the interrelationship of serum 25(OH)D, smoking and lung function changes in a random sample of adults from the Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study, Norway.Lung function was measured using spirometry and included forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) % pred and FEV1/FVC ratio. Multiple linear and logistic regression models estimated the adjusted difference in lung function measures or lung function decline, adjusted odds ratios for impaired lung function or development of impaired lung function and 95% confidence intervals.40% of adults had serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol·L−1. Overall, those with a serum 25(OH)D level <50 nmol·L−1 showed worse lung function and increased odds of impaired lung function compared to the ≥50 nmol·L−1 group. These associations tended to be stronger among ever-smokers, including greater decline in FEV1/FVC ratio and greater odds of the development of impaired lung function (FEV1/FVC <70% OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.9). Associations among never-smokers were null. Results from cross-sectional and follow-up studies were consistent. There were no associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and lung function or lung function changes in never-smokers, whereas significant associations were observed in ever-smokers.
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Zhang, Yan, Dongmei Yuan, Yanwen Yao, Wenkui Sun, Yi Shi, and Xin Su. "Predictive and prognostic value of serum periostin in advanced non–small cell lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy." Tumor Biology 39, no. 5 (2017): 101042831769836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317698367.
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Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the role of serum periostin as a surrogate marker for treatment efficacy is still unknown. In 122 advanced non–small cell lung cancer cases, 37 patients with benign lung disease and 40 healthy controls, serum periostin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The associations of serum periostin levels with the clinic-pathological parameters, chemotherapy response, and clinical outcomes of non–small cell lung cancer patients were analyzed. Serum periostin levels were significantly higher in non–small cell lung cancer patients, and it was related significantly to bone metastasis ( p = 0.021). Serum periostin of 65 non–small cell lung cancer patients were detected before and after two cycles of chemotherapy. The patients with and without periostin response had significant difference in objective response to chemotherapy ( p = 0.001). For the 122 non–small cell lung cancer patients, the median progression-free survival was 5 months. In a multivariate analysis, performance status (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.67), baseline periostin (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.01), and periostin response (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.86) were significantly correlated with prognosis. In conclusion, serum periostin was elevated in advanced non–small cell lung cancer patients. Baseline periostin and periostin responses appeared to be reliable surrogate markers to predict chemotherapy response and survival in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer.
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Nazarinia, Mohammadali, Asghar Zare, Mohammad javad Fallahi, and Mesbah Shams. "Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study." Current Rheumatology Reviews 15, no. 1 (2018): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397114666180628162907.
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Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.
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Burrows, G. E., M. Gentry, and P. Ewing. "Serum and tissue concentrations of erythromycin in calves with induced pneumonic pasteurellosis." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 7 (1989): 1166–69. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.07.1166.
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SUMMARY The effects of pneumonia on the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin administered im and the tissue concentration changes with time were evaluated in 2-month-old calves. Pneumonia was induced by injection of Pasteurella haemolytica cultures through the thoracic wall into each lung. Six days prior to induction of pneumonia, erythromycin (15 mg/kg) was administered in a single im dose. Erythromycin was administered again 48, 72, and 96 hours after injection of P haemolytica. On the third day of erythromycin administration (96 hours), the calves were serially euthanatized in groups of 4 calves each at 2, 5, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours after the final dose was given. Tissue concentrations of erythromycin in kidney, liver, lung, muscle, csf, and serum were determined. Neither the serum concentrations nor the overall pharmacokinetic values were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) changed by pneumonia. The concentrations of erythromycin were maximal at 5 hours for liver, muscle, and serum and at 8 hours for csf, kidney, and lung. Serum and muscle concentrations were similar, whereas concentrations in csf were lower than in serum and higher in kidney, liver, and lung. The lung/serum ratios were approximately 2.5 to 3 at 8 through 24 hours after im administration. The peak concentration in lung was approximately 6 μg/g at 8 hours.
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Zhou, Murong, Yi Kong, Xiaobin Wang, et al. "LC-MS/MS-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Different Stages of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer." BioMed Research International 2021 (February 26, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5561569.
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Lung cancer has a higher incidence rate and mortality rate than all other cancers. Early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer remain a major challenge, and the 5-year survival rate of its patients is only 15%. Basic and clinical research, especially the discovery of biomarkers, is crucial for improving the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients. To identify novel biomarkers for lung cancer, we used the iTRAQ8-plex labeling technology combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the serum and urine of patients with different stages of lung adenocarcinoma and healthy individuals. A total of 441 proteins were identified in the serum, and 1,161 proteins were identified in the urine. The levels of elongation factor 1-alpha 2, proteasome subunit alpha type, and spermatogenesis-associated protein increased significantly in the serum of patients with lung cancer compared with those in healthy controls. The levels of transmembrane protein 143, cadherin 5, fibronectin 1, and collectin-11 decreased significantly in the serum of patients with metastases compared with those of nonmetastatic lung cancer patients. In the urine of stage III and IV lung cancer patients, the prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase decreased significantly, whereas neutrophil defensin 1 increased significantly. The results of LC-MS/MS were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for transmembrane protein 143, cadherin 5, fibronectin 1, and collectin-11 in the serum. These proteins may be a potential early diagnosis and metastasis biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the relative content of these markers in the serum and urine could be used to determine the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and achieve accurate staging and diagnosis.
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Rivière, Sébastien, Thong Hua-Huy, Kiet Phong Tiev, Jean Cabane, and Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan. "High Baseline Serum Clara Cell 16 kDa Predicts Subsequent Lung Disease Worsening in Systemic Sclerosis." Journal of Rheumatology 45, no. 2 (2017): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.170440.
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Objective.Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) is a sensitive marker of bronchial epithelial cell damage. The CC16 serum level is elevated in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, but its predictive value on lung disease progression has not yet been studied. We aimed to assess the value of serum CC16 concentration in predicting lung disease deterioration in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.We prospectively analyzed and followed 106 patients with SSc during a 4-year period for the risk of developing combined deleterious event, defined as a 10% decrease in total lung capacity or forced vital capacity from baseline, or death, according to serum CC16 at inclusion. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for prediction of events during the first 2 years after inclusion. Cumulative risks of combined events were computed by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results.The best cutoff level of serum CC16 for prediction of a combined event was 33 ng/ml, with 76% sensitivity and 65% specificity (area under the ROC curve: 0.71, 95% CI 0.61–0.81, p < 0.0001). Progression of lung disease evaluated by a mean time-to-event differed between patients with high baseline serum CC16 (42.8 mos, 36.3–49.3) and those with low serum CC16 (56.3 mos, 50.9–61.7; log-rank test, p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, duration of disease, clinical and lung function measures, the risk of combined event occurrence in patients with high serum CC16 was significantly higher than in those with low CC16 (HR 2.9, 1.2–6.75, p < 0.05).Conclusion.High baseline serum CC16 predicts lung disease worsening in patients with SSc.
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Kariya, Shin, Mitsuhiro Okano, Takaya Higaki, Tomoyasu Tachibana, Toru Rikimaru, and Kazunori Nishizaki. "Lund–Mackay Computed Tomography Score Is Associated With Obstructive Pulmonary Function Changes in Chronic Cough Patients." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 3 (2019): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418825094.
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Background A remarkable relationship between upper airway conditions and lung diseases has been reported. At the same time, sinonasal findings in chronic cough patients have not been fully examined. Objective The purpose of this study is to show paranasal sinus findings and lung function in chronic cough patients without asthma and chest X-ray abnormalities. Methods A total of 1412 patients with persistent cough were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 376 patients were evaluated for further examination, as the patients with asthma and/or chest X-ray abnormality were excluded from the study. Normal control subjects without any chronic respiratory symptoms were also recruited. Pulmonary function was examined by spirometry. A bronchial obstruction reversibility test was applied. The Lund–Mackay computed tomography (CT) score, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and immunoglobulin E concentration in serum samples were examined. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test was used to determine the severity of clinical symptoms. Results The patients with an abnormal soft tissue shadow in the paranasal sinus had significant obstructive lung function. The percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0) and the FEV1.0/forced vital capacity ratio negatively correlated with Lund–Mackay CT scores both before and after bronchodilator inhalation. There was a statistically significant correlation between pulmonary function and eosinophil count. Conclusion The patients with chronic cough frequently had paranasal sinus abnormalities. The Lund–Mackay CT score may be useful for assessing the condition of the lower airway in chronic cough patients. Upper airway examinations should play a part in the management of chronic cough.
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Hazekawa, Mai, Takuya Nishinakagawa, Masato Hosokawa, and Daisuke Ishibashi. "Development of an Organ-Directed Exosome-Based siRNA-Carrier Derived from Autologous Serum for Lung Metastases and Testing in the B16/BL6 Spontaneous Lung Metastasis Model." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 4 (2022): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14040815.
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Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that are known to carry various messages to distant cells. It was recently reported that cancer-derived exosomes are orientated to metastatic organs. However, there are no reports on drug carrier development using autologous serum-derived exosomes in vivo. The purpose of this study was to deliver therapeutic siRNAs for melanoma lung metastases using autologous serum-derived exosomes. Primary tumors were induced by subcutaneously injecting melanoma cells into the hindlimbs of female C57BL/6 mice. Primary tumors were surgically removed on day 14. On day 21 after tumor removal, lung metastases were evaluated. Exosomes were isolated from serum collected from mice on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 after primary tumor inoculation. After isolating serum exosomes, siRNA-loaded exosomes were prepared. siRNA-loaded exosomes were intravenously injected into the B16/BL6 spontaneous lung metastasis model mice on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 after tumor removal. siRNA-loaded exosomes prepared with autologous serum-derived exosomes significantly decreased the number of metastatic lung colonies. Autologous serum-derived exosomes, which have high organ accumulation, could potentially be used as efficient carriers of therapeutic siRNAs for melanoma patients with lung metastases.
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Haryati, Haryati, Nugroho Eko Prasetyo, Eviriana R. Simarmata, Mual Bobby Enrico Parhusip, Fidya Rahmadhany Arganita, and Adhwa Humaira. "Relationship of Serum Zinc Levels and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Individuals with Lung Cancer." Respiratory Science 5, no. 1 (2024): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.36497/respirsci.v5i1.143.
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Background: Lung cancer is one of the main contributors to malignancy and leads to the patient's death. The immune system, genetics, and inflammation affect lung cancer progression. Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral; a Zn deficiency increases the tumor suppressor's expression, damaging deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair ability in tumor growth. The study focused on establishing a relationship between serum Zn levels and lung cancer patients' clinicopathologic characteristics. Method: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with lung cancer were part of the study. The study collected clinicopathological data and serum Zn levels at the initial diagnosis. Serum Zn insufficiency is characterized by a below 80 μg/dL serum Zn level. Results: The median Zn level in our study was 65 μg/dL (range=56.5-73 μg/dL). Serum Zn deficiency was observed in 91.4% of patients, particularly those who had a smoking history, advanced stage, or had hypoalbuminemia. The low-level group exhibited significantly lower albumin concentrations (3.06 g/dL vs. 3.66 g/dL; P=0.024) than the normal group. Conclusion: Most patients with lung cancer at initial diagnosis had a deficiency in Serum Zn, which was associated with hypoalbuminemia.
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Andrés-Hernando, Ana, Christopher Altmann, Nilesh Ahuja, et al. "Splenectomy exacerbates lung injury after ischemic acute kidney injury in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 301, no. 4 (2011): F907—F916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00107.2011.
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Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have increased serum proinflammatory cytokines and an increased occurrence of respiratory complications. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of renal and extrarenal cytokine production on AKI-mediated lung injury in mice. C57Bl/6 mice underwent sham surgery, splenectomy, ischemic AKI, or ischemic AKI with splenectomy and kidney, spleen, and liver cytokine mRNA, serum cytokines, and lung injury were examined. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, CXCL1, IL-1β, and TNF-α were increased in the kidney, spleen, and liver within 6 h of ischemic AKI. Since splenic proinflammatory cytokines were increased, we hypothesized that splenectomy would protect against AKI-mediated lung injury. On the contrary, splenectomy with AKI resulted in increased serum IL-6 and worse lung injury as judged by increased lung capillary leak, higher lung myeloperoxidase activity, and higher lung CXCL1 vs. AKI alone. Splenectomy itself was not associated with increased serum IL-6 or lung injury vs. sham. To investigate the mechanism of the increased proinflammatory response, splenic production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was determined and was markedly upregulated. To confirm that splenic IL-10 downregulates the proinflammatory response of AKI, IL-10 was administered to splenectomized mice with AKI, which reduced serum IL-6 and improved lung injury. Our data demonstrate that AKI in the absence of a counter anti-inflammatory response by splenic IL-10 production results in an exuberant proinflammatory response and lung injury.
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Patz, Edward F., Michael J. Campa, Elizabeth B. Gottlin, Irina Kusmartseva, Xiang Rong Guan, and James E. Herndon. "Panel of Serum Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 35 (2007): 5578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.13.5392.
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PurposeCurrently, a blood test for lung cancer does not exist. Serum biomarkers that could aid clinicians in making case management decisions would be enormously valuable. We used two proteomic platforms and a literature search to select candidate serum markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer.MethodsWe initially assayed six serum proteins, four discovered by proteomics and two previously known to be cancer associated, on a training set of sera from 100 patients (50 with a new diagnosis of lung cancer and 50 age- and sex-matched controls). Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis selected a panel of four markers that most efficiently predicted which patients had lung cancer. An independent, blinded validation set of sera from 97 patients (49 lung cancer patients and 48 matched controls) determined the accuracy of the four markers to predict which patients had lung cancer.ResultsFour serum proteins—carcinoembryonic antigen, retinol binding protein, α1-antitrypsin, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen—were collectively found to correctly classify the majority of lung cancer and control patients in the training set (sensitivity, 89.3%; specificity, 84.7%). These markers also accurately classified patients in the independent validation set (sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 75.4%). Remarkably, 90% of patients who fell into any one of three groupings in the CART analysis had lung cancer.ConclusionThis panel of four serum proteins is valuable in suggesting the diagnosis of lung cancer. These data may be useful for treating patients with an indeterminate pulmonary lesion, and potentially in predicting individuals at high risk for lung cancer.
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Cai, Tian, Weishen Yao, Fuyou Liang, Qingshui Yang, and Fulang Han. "Application Value of Serum Multi-Antibody Combined Detection in Differential Diagnosis and Typing of Lung Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8944263.
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One of the most prevalent malignant tumours is lung cancer. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown to have significant promise for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis, according to a growing body of research. The researchers wanted to explore if serum exosomal miR-1246 has any treatment significance in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NON-SCLC). Real-time PCR was used to determine the stage of exosomal miR-1246 serum expression in NON-SCLC patients. The researchers next looked into the link regarding exosomal miR-1246 serum stages and NON-SCLC prognosis. In NON-SCLC patients, exosomal miR-1246 serum appearance was considerably higher. According to a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) research, serum exosomal miR-1246 was effective in discriminating NON-SCLC patients from normal controls and non-malignant respiratory illness patients. Following treatment, the amount of serum exosomal miR-1246 reduced but increased in cases of recurrence. Furthermore, the level of serum exosomal miR-1246 was connected to distant metastases and TNM stages in a significant way. According to a survival analysis, cases with severe levels of exosomal miR-1246 serum had reduced overall or disease-free survival. The level of exosomal miR-1246 serum was found to be an autonomous predictive issue for NON-SCLC in multi-variate analysis. Finally, exosomal miR-1246 serum may be a useful prognosis biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Pan, Tianli, Larry D. Nielsen, Martin J. Allen, et al. "Serum SP-D is a marker of lung injury in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 282, no. 4 (2002): L824—L832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00421.2000.
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Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is expressed in alveolar type II and bronchiolar epithelial cells and is secreted into alveoli and conducting airways. However, SP-D has also been measured in serum and is increased in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, and alveolar proteinosis. To demonstrate that SP-D can be measured in rat serum, we instilled rats with keratinocyte growth factor, which produces type II cell hyperplasia and an increase in SP-D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). To evaluate serum SP-D as a biomarker of lung injury, we examined several injury models. In rats treated with 1 unit of bleomycin, serum SP-D was elevated on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after instillation, and SP-D mRNA was increased in focal areas as detected by in situ hybridization. However, there was no increase in whole lung SP-D mRNA when the expression was normalized to whole lung 18S rRNA. After instillation of 2 units of bleomycin, the serum levels of SP-D were higher, and SP-D was also increased in BALF and lung homogenates. In another model of subacute injury, serum SP-D was increased in rats treated with paraquat plus oxygen. Finally to evaluate acute lung injury, we instilled rats with HCl; SP-D was increased at 4 h after instillation. Our data indicate that serum SP-D may be a useful indicator of lung injury and type II cell hyperplasia in rats.
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Bolton, Charlotte E., Wiebke Schumacher, John R. Cockcroft, et al. "The CRP genotype, serum levels and lung function in men: the Caerphilly Prospective Study." Clinical Science 120, no. 8 (2010): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20100504.
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Systemic CRP (C-reactive protein) has been associated with impaired lung function. A causal relationship would increase the value of CRP as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. We assessed the association between lung function parameters, circulating CRP and CRP polymorphisms using Mendelian randomization in efforts to attribute causality to known associations. Spirometric parameters of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and FVC (forced vital capacity) were determined in 2173 men participating in the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Lung function measures on 1021 participants were available at follow-up (mean, 16.8 years later). Serum CRP levels were measured at baseline, and three CRP polymorphisms were analysed. Haplotype analysis was performed. Serum CRP levels at baseline were inversely associated with contemporaneous FEV1 and FVC as well as at follow-up (P<0.001) even after adjustment for conventional confounders. Serum CRP was associated with FEV1 decline (P=0.04). All three CRP polymorphisms (rs1800947, rs1130864 and rs1205) predicted serum CRP; however, there were no clear associations of the polymorphisms or haplotypes with lung function or with lung function decline. In conclusion, serum CRP was associated with lung function cross-sectionally; however, CRP polymorphisms were not associated with lung function or decline, suggesting that the CRP–lung function relationship is due to reverse causality, an unmeasured confounding factor or only has a modest causal effect.
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Zhang, Xiaping, and Qun Yang. "Association between serum copper levels and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 12 (2018): 4863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518798507.
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Objective To evaluate the association between serum copper levels and lung cancer risk. Methods We searched the electronic PubMed, WanFang, CNKI, and SinoMed databases to identify studies including information on serum copper levels and lung cancer. Standard mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Stata 12.0 software. We performed a meta-analysis on the identified studies overall and according to geographic location. We also evaluated heterogeneity among the studies and the occurrence of publication bias. Results Thirty-three articles including 3026 cases and 9439 controls were included in our study. The combined results showed that serum copper levels were higher in patients with lung cancer compared with controls without lung cancer, though the results showed high heterogeneity. In a subgroup analysis according to geographic location, significant associations between copper levels and lung cancer were found for both Asian and European populations. No publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis. Conclusions High serum copper levels could increase the risk of lung cancer, suggesting that environmental copper exposure may be a risk factor for the development of lung cancer.
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Astuti, Tri Wahju, Agustin Iskandar, Mufidatun Hasanah, Lindayanti Sumali, and Dian Nugrahenny. "The Differences in Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System in Lung Cancer Patients Before and After Chemotherapy." Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia 41, no. 4 (2021): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/jri.v41i4.214.
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Background: Lung cancer is still the leading cause of death for malignancies worldwide. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its soluble receptor (suPAR), and its inhibitor (PAI-1) play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the urokinase plasminogen activator system (uPA, suPAR, and PAI-1) in lung cancer patients before and after chemotherapy.Methods: This research was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 30, consisting of 17 lung cancer patients before chemotherapy and 13 lung cancer patients after chemotherapy for 4 or 6 cycles. The levels of serum uPA, suPAR, and PAI-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In lung cancer patients before chemotherapy, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in levels of serum uPA, suPAR, and PAI-1 between patients with stage III and IV. The highest serum uPA and suPAR levels were found in adenocarcinoma cell types and the highest serum PAI-1 level in adenoepidermoid cell types. After chemotherapy, serum suPAR and PAI-1 were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in lung cancer patients. However, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the levels of serum uPA, suPAR, and PAI-1 between patients with chemotherapy responses for stable and progressive diseases. Conclusion: This study revealed that suPAR and PAI-1 levels were decreased in lung cancer patients who had received chemotherapy. This can occur due to decreased tumor cells activity.
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Bernard, A., FX Marchandise, S. Depelchin, R. Lauwerys, and Y. Sibille. "Clara cell protein in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 10 (1992): 1231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05101231.
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The 10 kDa Clara cell protein was measured in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 39 healthy subjects (14 smokers, 25 nonsmokers) and from 41 patients with respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sarcoidosis, lung cancer). Clara cell protein appears as one of the most abundant respiratory tract derived proteins, with values averaging 7% of the total protein content of lung lavages from healthy nonsmokers. A significant reduction of Clara cell protein was found in BAL from smokers and patients with COPD or lung cancer. The same pattern of change was found in the concentrations of Clara cell protein in serum. Pulmonary sarcoidosis did not affect absolute values of Clara cell protein in lung lavages but was associated with elevated levels in serum. Changes in lung lavage Clara cell protein differed from that of albumin, beta 2-microglobulin or the secretory component, since the latter were unaffected by smoking or COPD but increased in sarcoidosis and lung cancer. These results indicate that Clara cell protein in BAL or serum might serve as a sensitive indicator of nonciliated bronchial cell dysfunction.
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Normawati, Normawati, Suryanti Dwi Pratiwi, and Nanik Setijowati. "EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) AND CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) RELATIONSHIP OF LUNG ADENOKARSINOMA IN SAIFUL ANWAR HOSPITA MALANG." Berkala Kedokteran 13, no. 2 (2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v13i2.4073.
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Abstract: EGFR mutations is associated with sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI’s) therapy which are found in Lung Adenocarcinoma. There are some limitations in detecting EGFR mutation. CEA is also expected to predict treatment efficiency of EGFR-TKI's therapy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma patient. Methods : The research was conducted in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. From May 2014 to November 2015, 54 lung adenocarcinoma patients who had underwent measurements of EGFR mutation and serum CEA level were retrospectively recruited. None of them had surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. EGFR mutation was detected using PCR, serum CEA levels were analyzed using electrochemical luminescence. Result: Abnormal serum levels of CEA were significantly associated with EGFR mutation (95% CI, P=0,043) with an odds ratio of 3.4 (95% CI: 1.010-11.451). The area under the ROC curve for CEA was 0.558 (95% CI, P=0.078). Conclusion: Serum CEA is associated with mutation of EGFR in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Keywords : Lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, EGFR, CEA
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Moshiri, Kiarash. "Aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (AABH), a serum biomarker for lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, № 5_suppl (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.5_suppl.45.
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45 Background: There are no serum biomarkers currently approved for the detection of lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer associated mortality world wide. More than 180,000 cases of lung cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2020 by other means such as by X-ray and CT scanning methods, which have inherently lower sensitivity and higher cost when compared generally to serological methods. While the five year survival for lung cancer is 15%, a survival rate of 50% can be achieved when detection is made early in individuals with localized cancer. Current detection methods, however, enable such detection in only about 18% of cases overall. Methods: A prospective serum biomarker Aspartyl (Asparaginyl) ß Hydroxylase (AABH), has been previously found to be elevated by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in a broad range of cancers, including lung cancer. AABH was detected in > 99% of tumor specimens tested (n > 1000) but absent in adjacent tissue. The present study introduces a double monoclonal sandwich ELISA which provides detection and comparative quantification of AABH in serum of lung cancer patients vs. normal, and high-risk controls such as cigarette smokers without cancer. This is relevant since 87% of lung cancers are attributable to cigarette smoking, and associative parallels can be seen with recent reductions in rates of smoking. Results: Increased levels of serum AABH were found in 99% of patients with lung cancer (n = 192). Serum AABH was found to be undetectable in individuals not known to have cancer (n = 129, specificity = 93%). In patients with lung cancer, AABH was detectable at all stages. In a population of 50 smokers not known to have cancer, the mean serum AABH level was 0 ng/ml with 90% specificity. Conclusions: The AABH serum ELISA therefore has great promise as an additional diagnostic tool for lung cancer having the practicality and cost effectiveness of conventional serological screening. Elevated serum AABH in conjunction with CT scanning may greatly facilitate earlier diagnosis of lung cancer at a stage in which cure rates are significantly higher and thus may contribute to increased patient survival.
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Soleimani Babadi, Akbar, Arda Kiani, Esmaeil Mortaz, et al. "Serum Interleukin-27 Level in Different Clinical Stages of Lung Cancer." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.018.
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BACKGROUND: Advanced lung cancer is indicated with rapid disease development. Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is regarded as a cytokine with anti-tumour activities.
 AIM: Since, the impact of type of lung cancer on the level of IL-27 in patient’s serum has not yet been investigated; current study evaluated the clinical stages according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage and the lung cancer spread (localized or widespread) and it's correlation with serum IL-27.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients with confirmed histopathological lung cancer and 30 cancer-free healthy individuals as the control group were included in the current study. Patients group were assigned to either small cell lung cancer group (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to the clinical features and the results of lung biopsy specimens. Level of IL-27 was quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in serum samples.
 RESULTS: A significant increase in serum IL-27 level was noticed in individuals with lung cancer in comparison with the control group. The level of serum IL-27 in the NSCL squamous carcinoma (NSCLC-Sc) type was significantly greater than in the NSCLC adenocarcinoma (NSCLC-Ad) type, and in both groups, this variable was more than the control group. The serum IL-27 content level was greater in stage III versus stage IV.
 CONCLUSION: The current research confirmed the existence of the anti-tumour components in patients with NSCLC. IL-27 can be utilised in diagnosis and screening in early stages of lung cancer along with the management of patients. Different levels of IL-27 in different types of lung cancers in the current study can lead to design more comprehensive studies in the future.
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Kanaji, Nobuhiro, Kyuichi Kadota, Akira Tadokoro, et al. "Serum CYFRA 21-1 but not Vimentin is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients." Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306401913010031.
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Background: Cytokeratins and Vimentin are intermediate filament proteins. Vimentin expression in tissue samples has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent surgery. CYFRA 21-1 (Cytokeratin 19 Fragment) is a well known tumor marker. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of serum vimentin as a tumor marker and significance of CYFRA 21-1 and vimentin expression on prognosis of advanced lung cancer patients. Methods: One hundred and four advanced lung cancer patients and 19 non-lung cancer patients were included. A total of 157 clinical samples obtained from 113 patients was used for immunostaining of vimentin and measurements of CYFRA 21-1 and vimentin concentrations. Results: Compared to low concentration, high concentration of serum CYFRA 21-1 was associated with shorter overall survival in lung cancer patients. However, there was no difference in the serum vimentin concentration between the patients with lung cancer and those with non-lung cancer. No difference in vimentin concentration was observed between the malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Immunostaining revealed that of the 43 tumor samples, 21 were positive and 22 were negative for vimentin. No significant difference was found in overall survival between patients with positive and negative for vimentin. Conclusion: An elevated serum CYFRA 21-1 concentration was associated with shorter overall survival in advanced lung cancer patients. However, serum vimentin was not as useful as a tumor marker of lung cancer. The vimentin positivity in tumor samples might not predict patients’ prognosis in patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Warren, Kristi, Nicholas Thompson, Michael Wannemuehler, and Marian Kohut. "Antibody and CD8+ T cell memory response to influenza A/PR/8/34 infection is reduced in treadmill-exercised mice, yet still protective." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 10 (2013): 1413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01355.2012.
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Moderate exercise may decrease the severity of influenza infection and reduce lung viral load. The possibility that an exercise-associated reduction in lung viral load early in infection could contribute to decreased serum antibody and reduced memory response were investigated. BALB/c mice exercised for 8 wk and were then infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 (intranasal route). Influenza-specific serum antibody was assessed for 6 mo post primary infection, at which time mice were infected again with influenza A/PR/8/34. After primary infection, exercise reduced morbidity/mortality, attenuated lung cytokines, and decreased serum anti-influenza IgG and IgG2a from day 14 to day 180 post primary infection. After secondary infectious challenge, exercised mice did not show any signs of illness, but had reduced serum anti-influenza IgG and IgG2a, increased IgG1, and reduced influenza-specific recruited and resident CD8+ granzyme B+ T cells within the lungs. When influenza virus was administered by an intraperitoneal route during primary infection, exercise did not alter serum anti-influenza IgG, IgG1, or IgG2a, suggesting the exercise effect was specific to the lung environment. Exercise-induced enhancement of respiratory host defense to primary influenza infection results in decreased serum antibody and lung CD8+ T cell memory response, but does not compromise resistance to secondary infectious challenge.
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Macchia, Vincenzo, Angela Mariano, Mariarita Cavalcanti, et al. "Tumor Markers and Lung Cancer: Correlation between Serum and Bronchial Secretion Levels of Cea, Tpa, Canag Ca-50, Nse and Ferritin." International Journal of Biological Markers 2, no. 3 (1987): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460088700200303.
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The levels of carcinoembryonic antigeny (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigeny (TPA), CanAg 50, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and ferritin were determined in bronchial secretion and serum of patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases. Simultaneous determination of two or three markers in the serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may be clinically useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer and even for the type of tumor. The positivity of CEA determined simultaneously in serum and in BAL of patients with lung cancer is higher than 80% whereas in patients with benign lung disease it is lower than 40%. The simultaneous assay of TP A in serum and in BAL showed 100% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma, the frequencies of positivity were similar in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. For NSE and CanAg CA-50 patients with oat-cell carinoma showed 100% positivity. Simultaneous assay of ferritin in serum and in BAL gave 85% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma and only 23% in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. We conclude that the simultaneous determination of CEA and CanAg CA-50 or NSE in serum and in BAL is a useful aid in the diagnosis of lung malignancy.
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Hansen, Mogens. "Serum Tumour Markers in Lung Cancer." Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 51, sup206 (1991): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365519109107730.
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Chen, Zhongqing, Bo Zhu, Chao Ou, and Yuxuan Li. "Serum ferritin and primary lung cancer." Oncotarget 8, no. 54 (2017): 92643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21518.
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Spiegler, Peter. "Serum Autoantibody Testing for Lung Cancer." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 21, no. 5 (2014): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0000000000000050.
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Hansen, Mogens. "Serum tumour markers in lung cancer." European Journal of Cancer 29, no. 4 (1993): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80134-0.
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Carbone, D. "SP141 Serum proteomics in lung cancer." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 7, no. 4 (2009): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(09)72106-8.
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