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Journal articles on the topic 'Lungs Lungs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Gautam, Ajeevan, Rajib Chaulagain, and Deepesh Dhungel. "Morphological Variations of the Lungs: A Cadaveric Study." Nepal Medical College Journal 23, no. 4 (2021): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v23i4.42221.

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The lungs are the organs of respiration which are situated on either side of the heart and other mediastinal contents in its pleural cavity. A fresh lung is spongy, can float in water and crepitates when handled. Lungs are important with respect to its blood circulation. The lungs are divided by fissures into lobes which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another. The hilum of each lung is its gateway. In the present study, we aim to assess the morphological variations of human cadaveric lungs at Chitwan Medical College (CMC). An observational study was conducted at dissection ha

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2

Koch, Achim, Nikolaus Pizanis, Carolin Olbertz, et al. "One-year experience with ex vivo lung perfusion: Preliminary results from a single center." International Journal of Artificial Organs 41, no. 8 (2018): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398818783391.

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Objective: To enlarge the donor pool for lung transplantation, an increasing number of extended criteria donor lungs are used. However, in more than 50% of multi-organ donors the lungs are not used. Ex vivo lung perfusion offers a unique possibility to evaluate and eventually recondition the injured donor lungs. The aim of our study was to assess the enlargement of the donor pool and the outcome with extended criteria donor lungs after ex vivo lung perfusion. Patients and Methods: Data were prospectively collected in our lung transplant database. We compared the results of lung transplants aft

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3

Yablonskiy, Dmitriy A., Alexander L. Sukstanskii, Jason C. Woods, et al. "Quantification of lung microstructure with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 4 (2009): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00386.2009.

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The structure and integrity of pulmonary acinar airways and their changes in different diseases are of great importance and interest to a broad range of physiologists and clinicians. The introduction of hyperpolarized gases has opened a door to in vivo studies of lungs with MRI. In this study we demonstrate that MRI-based measurements of hyperpolarized 3He diffusivity in human lungs yield quantitative information on the value and spatial distribution of lung parenchyma surface-to-volume ratio, number of alveoli per unit lung volume, mean linear intercept, and acinar airway radii—parameters tha

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4

James, A., G. Pearce-Pinto, and D. Hillman. "Effects of lung volume and surface forces on maximal airway smooth muscle shortening." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (1994): 1755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1755.

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The effects of lung volume and surface forces on airway smooth muscle shortening were studied in isolated perfused rat lungs. The lungs were inflated via the trachea with gas or Krebs solution (n = 12 each) to volumes equivalent to gas inflation pressures of 5 (low), 15 (medium), and 25 (high) cmH2O (n = 4 each). At each volume, two of the four lungs were perfused with methacholine (10(-2) M) and then all were perfused with Formalin for fixation. The amount of smooth muscle shortening present in transverse sections of the airways was determined by comparing the observed outer perimeter of the

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5

Hass, M. A., and D. Massaro. "Differences in CuZn superoxide dismutase induction in lungs of neonatal and adult rats." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 253, no. 1 (1987): C66—C70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.253.1.c66.

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The failure of adult rats to survive prolonged exposure to greater than 95% O2 is generally ascribed to the inability of their lungs to increase antioxidant enzyme synthesis in response to the oxidant challenge. We studied the synthesis rate of the antioxidant enzyme CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) in lungs of adult and neonatal rats exposed to conditions that alter the lung's oxidant-to-antioxidant balance. Lung CuZn SOD synthesis in the adult was significantly increased after 24 h of hyperoxia but fell to control levels after further exposure, whereas in neonatal lungs an increased rate

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6

Stettler, L. E., S. F. Platek, D. H. Groth, F. H. Y. Green, and V. Vallyathan. "Particle Contents of Human Lungs." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100117595.

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) have been used by numerous investigators to study the particle content of human lungs. Most of this work has been performed on lung specimens from subjects with known or suspected lung diseases. The object of these analyses has been an attempt to relate the composition and concentration of the particles present in the lungs to the lung disease. A major factor missing from past microanalysis work has been data from typical “normal” lungs with which the analyses of diseased lungs could be compared. Currently in progre

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7

Szpinda, Michał, Waldemar Siedlaczek, Anna Szpinda, Alina Woźniak, Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska, and Mateusz Badura. "Quantitative Anatomy of the Growing Lungs in the Human Fetus." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/362781.

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Using anatomical, digital, and statistical methods we examined the three-dimensional growth of the lungs in 67 human fetuses aged 16–25 weeks. The lung dimensions revealed no sex differences. The transverse and sagittal diameters and the base circumference were greater in the right lungs while the lengths of anterior and posterior margins and the lung height were greater in the left lungs. The best-fit curves for all the lung parameters were natural logarithmic models. The transverse-to-sagittal diameter ratio remained stable and averaged0.56±0.08and0.52±0.08for the right and left lungs, respe

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8

Ahn, So Yoon, Dong Kyung Sung, Yun Sil Chang, and Won Soon Park. "Intratracheal Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Microbial Dysbiosis in the Lungs, Brain, and Gut in Newborn Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 12 (2022): 6601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126601.

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We attempted to determine whether intratracheal (IT) transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could simultaneously attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injuries and microbial dysbiosis of the lungs, brain, and gut in newborn rats. Newborn rats were exposed to hyperoxia (90% oxygen) for 14 days. Human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (5 × 105) were transplanted via the IT route on postnatal day (P) five. At P14, the lungs were harvested for histological, biochemical, and microbiome analyses. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes from the lungs, brain, and large intestine were amplified, pyrose

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9

Nelson, PG, and AM Perks. "Effects of lung expansion on lung liquid production in vitro by lungs from fetal guinea-pigs. II. Evidence for generation of an inhibitory factor." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 3 (1996): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960347.

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Lungs from near-term fetal guinea-pigs were supported in vitro for 3 h; lung liquid production was measured by a dye-dilution method using Blue Dextran 2000 [fetuses 63 +/- 2 days of gestation, 97.6 +/- 19.8 (SD) g body weight]. Preparations were incubated in pairs taken from the same mother. Twenty lungs incubated in pairs without treatment (controls) showed no significant changes in fluid production throughout incubation (analysis of variance; regression analysis); rates in successive hours were: first lung, 1.36 +/- 0.39, 1.09 +/- 0.34 and 1.27 +/- 0.42 ml/kg body weight per h; second lung,

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10

Khubutiya, M. Sh, A. M. Gasanov, E. A. Tarabrin, T. V. Chernen’kaya, T. E. Kallagov, and E. I. Pervakova. "A comparison of airway microbiota in donors and recipients of lung transplants." Russian Pulmonology 29, no. 2 (2019): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-2-184-188.

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This study was aimed at investigation of relationships between bronchial washing culture in post-transplant recipient and bronchial flora of the lung donor. Methods. A comparative analysis of bronchial washing cultures from 30 post-transplant lung recipients was performed. All lung donors were stratified to ideal, suboptimal and marginal donors according to the lung transplant suitability. Results. As a result, development of post-transplant pulmonary complications was directly related to bacterial flora of the donor lung. The incidence of pneumonia in post-transplant patients was 3.3% after t

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11

Waltz, W. F., J. A. Burbach, E. H. Schlenker, and B. E. Goodman. "Sodium transport and fluid balance in lungs from normal and dystrophic hamsters." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (1994): 1750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1750.

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Gravimetric and sodium transport characteristics of lungs from BIO 14.6 (dystrophic) hamsters were compared with those of lungs from golden Syrian (normal) hamsters at 30 and 150 days of age. Isolated perfused lungs were used to determine lung permeability and fluid balance differences between normal and dystrophic animals at both ages. Apparent permeability-surface area products for air space-to-vascular space sodium, sucrose, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran fluxes were compared in the four groups of hamsters. Morphometric analysis of fixed lungs of representative hamsters from

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12

Gaman, S. A., S. K. Ternovoy, N. V. Pogosova, T. N. Veselova, and M. A. Belkind. "DELAYED CT SCAN OF THE LUNGS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA." Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology 11, no. 1 (2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21569/2222-7415-2021-11-1-8-14.

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Purpose. Assessment the state of the lungs using CT in the dynamic follow-up of patients who have suffered from viral COVID-19 pneumonia in the delayed period after 6-10 months, and to identify the relationship of residual lung changes with the clinical condition and results of external respiratory function (ERF). Materials and methods. We examined 78 patients who had suffered from bilateral polysegmental viral COVID-19 pneumonia in April-May 2020, using multi-spiral computed tomography (CT) of the lungs. All patients had a medical history, performed CT scans of the lungs in the acute and dela

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13

Roshankhah, Roshan, John Blackwell, Hong Yuan, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Thomas M. Egan, and Marie Muller. "Investigating response to treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in rats using ultrasound multiple scattering." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010708.

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Lung alveoli constitute a complex distribution of strong ultrasound scatterers, leading to multiple scattering (USMS). Conventional ultrasound cannot be utilized to produce images that would accurately render lung structure. Pulmonary fibrosis affects lung microstructure by thickening alveolar walls, which changes wave diffusion and scattering patterns by modifying the distribution and size of scatterers. We present a method for the quantitative approach of structural changes in lung parenchyma based on diffusion of ultrasound waves, relying on measurement of the scattering mean free path (SMF

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14

Kudoh, Ichidai, Mika Ohtake, Hideo Nishizawa, et al. "The Effect of Pentoxifylline on Acid-induced Alveolar Epithelial Injury." Anesthesiology 82, no. 2 (1995): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199502000-00023.

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Background Acid instillation into one lung is known to cause an increase in the permeability of the endothelium to protein in both the instilled and the contralateral lungs. Activated neutrophils are believed to be involved in causing this increased permeability. Pentoxifylline, a drug used in clinical practice, has multiple effects on neutrophils, including inhibition of phagocytosis, degranulation, and superoxide generation. This study investigated whether pretreatment with pentoxifylline would protect the alveolar epithelium or lung endothelium from injury. Methods The effect of acid instil

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15

Pronych, Scott, and Richard Wassersug. "Lung use and development in Xenopus laevis tadpoles." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 4 (1994): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-099.

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Shortly after hatching, Xenopus laevis tadpoles fill their lungs with air. We examined the role played by early lung use in these organisms, since they are able to respire with both their lungs and their gills. We investigated the effect on X. laevis development when the larvae were prevented from inflating their lungs, and whether early lung use influenced the size of the lungs or the tadpole's ability to metamorphose. Tadpoles that were denied access to air had lungs one-half the size of those of controls. This difference in lung size was too large to be explained merely by a stretching of t

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16

Syed, Ahad, Sarah Kerdi, and Adnan Qamar. "Bioengineering Progress in Lung Assist Devices." Bioengineering 8, no. 7 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8070089.

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Artificial lung technology is advancing at a startling rate raising hopes that it would better serve the needs of those requiring respiratory support. Whether to assist the healing of an injured lung, support patients to lung transplantation, or to entirely replace native lung function, safe and effective artificial lungs are sought. After 200 years of bioengineering progress, artificial lungs are closer than ever before to meet this demand which has risen exponentially due to the COVID-19 crisis. In this review, the critical advances in the historical development of artificial lungs are detai

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17

White, C. W., J. H. Jackson, I. F. McMurtry, and J. E. Repine. "Hypoxia increases glutathione redox cycle and protects rat lungs against oxidants." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 6 (1988): 2607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.6.2607.

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Preexposure to hypoxia increased survival and lung reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione ratios (GSH/GSSG) and decreased pleural effusions in rats subsequently exposed to continuous hyperoxia. In addition, lungs from hypoxia-preexposed rats developed less acute edematous injury (decreased lung weight gains and lung lavage albumin concentrations) than lungs from normoxia-preexposed rats when isolated and perfused with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by xanthine oxidase (XO) or glucose oxidase (GO). In contrast, when perfused with elastase or exposed to a hydrostatic left atrial pressur

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18

Abernathy, V. J., N. A. Pou, R. E. Parker, and R. J. Roselli. "Evaluation of perilla ketone-induced unilateral lung injury using external gamma scanning." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 1 (1994): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.1.138.

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We used a modified external gamma scanning technique to quantitate right and left lung permeability changes to iodinated sheep albumin before and after perilla ketone (PK)-mediated unilateral lung injury in seven anesthetized sheep. Three portable gamma scintillation probes containing 2-in. NaI crystals detected radioactivities of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells and 125I-labeled albumin over the right and left lungs and blood, respectively. Radioactivities were monitored for 1 h before and 3 h after infusion of 25 mg/kg PK into a single lung. Calculation of normalized slope index (NSI) (Roselli a

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19

Farrelly, C., and P. Greenaway. "GAS EXCHANGE THROUGH THE LUNGS AND GILLS IN AIR-BREATHING CRABS." Journal of Experimental Biology 187, no. 1 (1994): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.187.1.113.

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Lung and gill performance in gas exchange have been evaluated in eight species of air-breathing crabs with two different lung circulatory designs, those with portal systems and smooth lung linings, and those without portal systems and with invaginated and evaginated lung linings. In all species, the lungs were extremely effective in oxygen uptake whilst the performance of the gills was inferior. An exception to this was Gecarcoidea natalis, which has gills highly modified for aerial gas exchange; its gills and lungs were equally efficient in O2 uptake. The relative efficiencies of the lungs an

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20

Levvey, Bronwyn, Kovi Levin, Miranda Paraskeva, Glen Westall, and Gregory Snell. "Donation after Brain Death versus Donation after Circulatory Death: Lung Donor Management Issues." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 02 (2018): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615820.

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AbstractLung transplantation (LTx) has traditionally been limited by a lack of suitable donor lungs. With the recognition that lungs are more robust than initially thought, the size of the donor pool of available lungs has increased dramatically in the past decade. Donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) lungs, both ideal and extended are now routinely utilized. DBD lungs can be damaged. There are important differences in the public's understanding, legal and consent processes, intensive care unit strategies, lung pathophysiology, logistics, and potential-to

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Horalskyi, L., N. Hlukhova, and I. Sokulskyi. "Morphological traits of rabbit lung." Scientific Horizons 93, no. 8 (2020): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33249/2663-2144-2020-93-8-180-188.

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In the article, following the results of complex methods (anatomic, histologic, organometric, histometric and statistical) researches are shown the features of morphological structure and morphometric parameters of the lungs of mature rabbits. It was found out, that macro- and microscopic architecture of rabbit lungs has similar histoarchitectonics, inherent in other species of farm animals of the class "mammals" and the characteristic features of morphological structures. Lungs in clinically healthy rabbits structurally reflect the shape of thoracic cavity and gradually expand ventrally. Subs

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He, L. S., S. W. Chang, P. Ortiz de Montellano, T. J. Burke, and N. F. Voelkel. "Lung injury in Fischer but not Sprague-Dawley rats after short-term hyperoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 259, no. 6 (1990): L451—L458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1990.259.6.l451.

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The Fischer rat is known for its susceptibility to develop liver necrosis when challenged with paraquat (Smith et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 235: 172-177, 1985). We postulated that other organs, specifically the lung, may also be more susceptible to injury and examined whether lungs from Fischer (F) rats were injured more easily when challenged with active oxygen species than Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat lungs. We aimed to investigate whether increased susceptibility to oxidant injury was related to differences in lung antioxidant defenses. Perfused lungs from both rat strains were challenged by

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van Zanden, Judith E., Henri G. D. Leuvenink, Erik A. M. Verschuuren, Michiel E. Erasmus, and Maximilia C. Hottenrott. "A translational rat model for ex vivo lung perfusion of pre-injured lungs after brain death." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (2021): e0260705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260705.

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The process of brain death (BD) detrimentally affects donor lung quality. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a technique originally designed to evaluate marginal donor lungs. Nowadays, its potential as a treatment platform to repair damaged donor lungs is increasingly studied in experimental models. Rat models for EVLP have been described in literature before, yet the pathophysiology of BD was not included in these protocols and prolonged perfusion over 3 hours without anti-inflammatory additives was not achieved. We aimed to establish a model for prolonged EVLP of rat lungs from brain-dead dono

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Mukhia, Rajeev, Dil Islam Mansur, Sidharth Timsina, and Taneja BK. "Morphological and morphometrical studies of the human foetal lung." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i5.22136.

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Background: Foetal lung is one of the organs of interest for researchers since a long time. Though, detailed study about adult lung is there in the literature but lungs at different stages in foetal period is less available. Aims and Objective: To find out the morphological and morphometrical features of the foetal lung in different gestational weeks. Materials and Methods: After ethical approval the study was carried out on 66 human foetal lungs aged between 16th to 40th gestational weeks in the Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. After the dissection of fo

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Czartolomna, J., N. F. Voelkel, and S. W. Chang. "Permeability characteristics of isolated perfused rat lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 4 (1991): 1854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.4.1854.

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We examined the factors that influence the permeability characteristics of isolated perfused rat lungs and compared the ex vivo permeability-surface area product (PS) with that obtained in vivo. In lungs perfused for 20 min with homologous blood or a physiological salt solution (PSS) containing 4 g/100 ml albumin, mean PS values, obtained by the single-sample method of Kern et al. [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 14): H229-H236, 1983], were 9.9 +/- 0.6 (SE) and 6.8 +/- 0.3 cm3.min-1.g wet lung-1.10(-2), respectively. These values were similar to lung PS obtained in intact rats (7.7 +

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Huang, Yuh-Chin T., Andrew J. Ghio, Eva Nozik-Grayck, and Claude A. Piantadosi. "Vascular release of nonheme iron in perfused rabbit lungs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 280, no. 3 (2001): L474—L481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.3.l474.

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In this study, we hypothesized that the lung actively releases excess iron into the circulation to regulate iron homeostasis. We measured nonheme iron (NHFe) in the perfusate of control isolated perfused rabbit lungs and lungs with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) ventilated with normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (95% N2) gas mixtures. Some were perfused with bicarbonate-free (HEPES) buffer or treated with the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS. The control lungs released ∼0.25 μg/ml of NHFe or 20% of the total lung NHFe into the vascular space that was not complexed with ferritin, transferrin, or lactoferrin

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Chen, C. R., N. F. Voelkel, and S. W. Chang. "PAF potentiates protamine-induced lung edema: role of pulmonary venoconstriction." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 3 (1990): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.3.1059.

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We studied the synergistic interaction between platelet-activating factor (PAF) and protamine sulfate, a cationic protein that causes pulmonary endothelial injury, in isolated rat lungs perfused with a physiological salt solution. A low dose of protamine (50 micrograms/ml) increased pulmonary artery perfusion pressure (Ppa) but did not increase wet lung-to-body weight ratio after 20 min. Pretreatment of the lungs with a noninjurious dose of PAF (1.6 nM) 10 min before protamine markedly potentiated protamine-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and resulted in severe lung edema and increased lung

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Naito, Noritsugu, Keith Cook, Yoshiya Toyoda, and Norihisa Shigemura. "Artificial Lungs for Lung Failure." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 14 (2018): 1640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.049.

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Guo, Y. L., T. P. Kennedy, J. R. Michael, et al. "Mechanism of phosgene-induced lung toxicity: role of arachidonate mediators." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 5 (1990): 1615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.5.1615.

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We have previously shown that phosgene markedly increases lung weight gain and pulmonary vascular permeability in rabbits. The current experiments were designed to determine whether cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived mediators contribute to the phosgene induced lung injury. We exposed rabbits to phosgene (1,500 ppm/min), killed the animals 30 min later, and then perfused the lungs with a saline buffer for 90 min. Phosgene markedly increased lung weight gain, did not appear to increase the synthesis of cyclooxygenase metabolites, but increased 10-fold the synthesis of lipoxygenase product

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Rao, Kodavanti S. Prasada, and Harihara M. Mehendale. "Precursor utilization of 5-hydroxytryptophan for 5-hydroxytryptamine biosynthesis in isolated and perfused rabbit and rat lungs." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 10 (1987): 2117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-332.

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The present study was designed to investigate whether lungs can utilize 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), formed elsewhere and transported, for the synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). [14C]5-HTP uptake was 7.7 ± 1.1 and 3.9 ± 0.2% by rabbit and rat lungs, respectively, after 1 h of perfusion with 10 μM [14C]5-HTP. There was an increase in the lung uptake of [14C]5-HTP when the lungs were preperfused with 0.5 mM chlorphentermine (CP) and the uptake was low when the lungs were preperfused with 0.1 mM hydroxybenzylhydrazine dihydrochloride (HBH). The perfusate concentration of 5-hydroxyindole ace

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Watson, Kal E., Gilad S. Segal, and Robert L. Conhaim. "Negative pressure ventilation enhances acinar perfusion in isolated rat lungs." Pulmonary Circulation 8, no. 1 (2017): 204589321775359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045893217753596.

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We compared acinar perfusion in isolated rat lungs ventilated using positive or negative pressures. The lungs were ventilated with air at transpulmomary pressures of 15/5 cm H2O, at 25 breaths/min, and perfused with a hetastarch solution at Ppulm art/PLA pressures of 10/0 cm H2O. We evaluated overall perfusability from perfusate flows, and from the venous concentrations of 4-µm diameter fluorescent latex particles infused into the pulmonary circulation during perfusion. We measured perfusion distribution from the trapping patterns of those particles within the lung. We infused approximately 9

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Hybertson, Brooks M., Roger P. Kitlowski, Eric K. Jepson, and John E. Repine. "Supercritical fluid-aerosolized vitamin E pretreatment decreases leak in isolated oxidant-perfused rat lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 84, no. 1 (1998): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.263.

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Hybertson, Brooks M., Roger P. Kitlowski, Eric K. Jepson, and John E. Repine. Supercritical fluid-aerosolized vitamin E pretreatment decreases leak in isolated oxidant-perfused rat lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 263–268, 1998.—We hypothesized that direct pulmonary administration of supercritical fluid-aerosolized (SFA) vitamin E would decrease acute oxidative lung injury. We previously reported that rapid expansion of supercritical CO2 formed respirable particles of vitamin E and that administering SFA vitamin E to rats increased lung vitamin E levels and decreased neutrophil-mediated lung le

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Bryan, C. L., A. J. Patefield, D. Cohen, J. L. Nielsen, B. Emanuel, and J. H. Calhoon. "Assessment of injury in transplanted and nontransplanted lungs after 6 h of cold storage with glutathione." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 3 (1994): 1232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1232.

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Single-lung transplantation after 3 h of hypothermic storage produces bilateral lung injury [pulmonary reimplantation response (PRR)]. We hypothesized that glutathione (GSH) hypothermic storage would protect both lungs from PRR for extended preservation times and that differences in injury and protection would be realized between the graft and the nontransplanted lung. Mongrel dogs underwent left single-lung autotransplantation after preservation for 5–6 h in Euro-Collins (EC) solution, EC plus exogenous GSH (EC+GSH), or Viaspan (VIA) at 4 degrees C. Lung injury was measured in both lungs afte

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Jackson, R. M., W. J. Russell, and C. F. Veal. "Endogenous and exogenous catalase in reoxygenation lung injury." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 3 (1992): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.858.

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Reexpansion pulmonary edema parallels reperfusion (reoxygenation) injuries in other organs in that hypoxic and hypoperfused lung tissue develops increased vascular permeability and neutrophil infiltration after reexpansion. This study investigated endogenous lung catalase activity and H2O2 production during hypoxia (produced by lung collapse) and after reoxygenation (resulting from reexpansion), in addition to assessing the effects of exogenous catalase infusion on the development of unilateral pulmonary edema after reexpansion. Lung collapse resulted in a progressive increase in endogenous ca

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Ajayi, Funmilayo O., and David T. Okpako. "Demonstration of prostaglandin activity in longs of the rainbow lizard (Agama agama) by bioassay." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 6 (1990): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-113.

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Extracts and perfusate effluents of lungs of the rainbow lizard (Agama agama) were assayed for prostaglandin-like activity. Results of differential bioassay and thin-layer chromatography suggested that the prostanoid was predominantly PGE2-like. The mean PGE2-like content of 10 lizard lung extracts was 2.9 μg g−1 wet weight compared with 146 ng g−1 in rat lungs. Mechanical pressure applied to the lung during perfusion through the pulmonary vasculature provoked the release of large quantities of PGE2-like material. This release was blocked by fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Compared with

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Herbein, Joel F., and Jo Rae Wright. "Enhanced clearance of surfactant protein D during LPS-induced acute inflammation in rat lung." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 281, no. 1 (2001): L268—L277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.1.l268.

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Pulmonary surfactant participates in the regulation of alveolar compliance and lung host defense. Surfactant homeostasis is regulated through a combination of synthesis, secretion, clearance, recycling, and degradation of surfactant components. The extracellular pool size of surfactant protein (SP) D fluctuates significantly during acute inflammation. We hypothesized that changes in SP-D levels are due, in part, to altered clearance of SP-D. Clearance pathways in rats were assessed with fluorescently labeled SP-D that was instilled into control lungs or lungs that had been treated with lipopol

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Egan, Thomas. "How Should Lungs Be Allocated for Transplant?" Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 02 (2018): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1620265.

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AbstractAs lung transplantation became established therapy for end-stage lung disease, there were not nearly enough suitable lungs from brain-dead organ donors to meet the need, leading to a focus on how lungs are allocated for transplant. Originally lungs were allocated by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) like hearts—by waiting time, first to listed recipients in the organ procurement organization of the donor, then to potential recipients in concentric 500 nautical mile circles. This resulted in long waiting times and increasing waitlist deaths. In 1999, the Health Resources and S

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Kambara, K., K. E. Longworth, V. B. Serikov, and N. C. Staub. "Effect of interstitial edema on lung lymph flow in goats in the absence of filtration." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 3 (1992): 1142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.1142.

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We tested the effect of interstitial edema on lung lymph flow when no filtration occurred. In 16 anesthetized open-thorax ventilated supine goats, we set pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures to nearly zero and measured lymph flow for 3 h from six lungs without edema and ten with edema. Lymph flow decreased exponentially in all experiments as soon as filtration ceased. In the normal lungs the mean half time of the lymph flow decrease was 12.7 +/- 4.8 (SD) min, which was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) than the 29.1 +/- 14.8 min half time in the edematous lungs. When ventilation

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Yan, Xiao, Juan Jose Polo Carbayo, Ewald R. Weibel, and Connie C. W. Hsia. "Variation of lung volume after fixation when measured by immersion or Cavalieri method." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 284, no. 1 (2003): L242—L245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00184.2002.

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Organ volume is a critical parameter in morphometric analysis. The special problems of the lung as a nonsolid organ are overcome by tracheal instillation of fixatives at a constant airway pressure (Paw). Lung volume can change significantly after fixation as Paw change. To determine the variation of lung volume after fixation, we measured the volume of intact fixed lungs by serial immersion in saline (Vimm) at selected time points, compared with measurements obtained by point counting [Cavalieri Principle (Vcav)] after tissue sectioning to release Paw. Vimm was systematically higher than Vcav

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Tetenev, K. F., F. F. Tetenev, T. S. Ageyeva, T. N. Bodrova, A. I. Karzilov, and P. Ye Mesko. "MECHANISMS OF COUNTERACTING FLAP-VALVE BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION IN CASE OF OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 14, no. 4 (2015): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2015-4-75-81.

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The research goal was to formulate and substantiate the hypothesis explaining support for an expiratory air flow in case of pulmonary emphysema. The research method consisted in comparing the mechanical properties of lungs in practically healthy individuals (37 individuals, mean age – (30.4 ± 1.7) y.o.) and COPD patients with pronounced lung emphysema (30 patients, mean age – (52.1 ± 2.3) y.o.) as well as those of isolated normal lungs (n = 14) and isolated lungs of patients who died of COPD (n = 5). Pulmo-nary mechanics was studied via the simultaneous measurement of transpulmonary pressure a

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Jackson, R. M., C. F. Veal, C. B. Alexander, A. L. Brannen, and J. D. Fulmer. "Neutrophils in reexpansion pulmonary edema." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 1 (1988): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.228.

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This study investigated the possible contribution of neutrophils to development of reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) in rabbits. Rabbits' right lungs were collapsed for 7 days and then reexpanded with negative intrathoracic pressure for 2 h before study, a model that creates unilateral edema in the reexpanded lungs but not in contralateral left lungs. Two hours after lung reexpansion, significant increases in lavage albumin concentration (17-fold), percent neutrophils (14-fold), and total number of neutrophils (7-fold) recovered occurred in the reexpanded lung but not in the left. After 2 h of

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Jones, David R., Randy M. Becker, Steve C. Hoffmann, John J. Lemasters, and Thomas M. Egan. "When does the lung die?K fc, cell viability, and adenine nucleotide changes in the circulation-arrested rat lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 1 (1997): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.247.

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Jones, David R., Randy M. Becker, Steve C. Hoffmann, John J. Lemasters, and Thomas M. Egan. When does the lung die? K fc, cell viability, and adenine nucleotide changes in the circulation-arrested rat lung. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 247–252, 1997.—Lungs harvested from cadaveric circulation-arrested donors may increase the donor pool for lung transplantation. To determine the degree and time course of ischemia-reperfusion injury, we evaluated the effect of O2 ventilation on capillary permeability [capillary filtration coefficient ( K fc)], cell viability, and total adenine nucleotide (TAN) level

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MAITLAND, DAVID P., and ARTHUR MAITLAND. "PENETRATION OF WATER INTO BLIND-ENDED CAPILLARY TUBES AND ITS BEARING ON THE FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF THE LUNGS OF SOLDIER CRABS MICTYRIS LONGICARPUS." Journal of Experimental Biology 163, no. 1 (1992): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.163.1.333.

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Soldier crabs, Mictyris longicarpus Latreille, inhabit intertidal sand-flats of Eastern Australia. Their gill chambers are modified for both water circulation and air-breathing. Water circulates through the lower gill compartments. The upper regions of the gill chambers are air-filled and function as lungs. The deep vascular parenchyma lining the upper gill chambers, or lungs, is penetrated by a regular series of fine branching airways. Scanning electron micrographs of lung architecture are shown. Measurements relating to lung structure were made on plastic casts. Because of the lung's design,

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Jackson, R. M., A. L. Brannen, C. F. Veal, and J. D. Fulmer. "Superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase in collapsed lungs: possible role in reexpansion edema." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 1 (1988): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.235.

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This study examined the effects of lung collapse, a condition that causes relative hypoxia in lung tissues, on superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome oxidase (cyt ox), and pyruvate kinase (py ki) activities in rabbits. Cyanide-insensitive respiration measurements were done in collapsed and contralateral lungs, as an index of intracellular free radical production. Rabbits' right lungs were collapsed for 7 days after which the animals were killed. We found that control rabbit lungs contained approximately 25 SOD units/mg DNA measured with 10(-5) M KCN (total SOD) and approximately 11 SOD units/m

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Pearse, D. B., E. M. Wagner, and J. T. Sylvester. "Edema clearance in isolated sheep lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 1 (1993): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.126.

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Edema may be cleared from the lung by lymphatic drainage, transudation across the visceral pleural, vascular reabsorption, and movement into the mediastinum. To determine the quantity and mechanisms of edema clearance associated with spontaneous edema formation in isolated sheep lungs, we perfused six lungs for 180 min with blood (100 ml.kg-1.min-1) at subatmospheric left atrial pressure (Pla) from a weighed reservoir. In six other lungs, Pla was increased to 20 mmHg at 30–75 min to further augment edema. Fluid drainage from the lung was fractionated into blood and water components by serial m

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Lamonica, Giulia, Maria Amigoni, Luca Vedovelli, et al. "Pulmonary surfactant synthesis after unilateral lung injury in mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 2 (2014): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01535.2012.

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Aspiration pneumonitis can lead to alveolar surfactant dysfunction. We employed a murine model of unilateral aspiration to compare surfactant synthesis in the injured (I) and noninjured (NI) contralateral lung. Mice were instilled with hydrochloric acid in the right bronchus and, after 18 h, an intraperitoneal dose of deuterated water was administered as precursor of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC)-palmitate. Selected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at scheduled time points and lungs were removed. We measured DSPC-palmitate synthesis in lung tissue and secretion in BAL

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Mansur, Dil Islam, Nabin Bista, Pragya Shrestha, and Sunima Maskey. "A Study on Morphological Variations of Fissures and Lobes of Human Lungs with its Clinical Significance." Journal of Nobel Medical College 8, no. 2 (2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v8i2.26737.

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Background: Fissures of lungs facilitate the movement of lobes which helps in expansion of lungs during breathing. The fissures may be complete, incomplete or absence. Sometime the accessory fissures may also present. Awareness of variations is essential during segmental resections as well as during radiological interpretation of lungs. Hence, the present study was aimed to study the morphological variations in fissures and lobes. Material and Methods: This study was consisted of sixty nine human lungs with irrespective of sex which were available in the department of anatomy of various

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Conhaim, R. L., S. J. Lai-Fook, and A. Eaton. "Sequence of interstitial liquid accumulation in liquid-inflated sheep lung lobes." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 6 (1989): 2659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2659.

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In the initial stages of pulmonary edema, liquid accumulates in the lung interstitium and appears as cuffs around pulmonary vessels. To determine the pattern, rate, and magnitude of cuff formation, we inflated sheep lungs to capacity with liquid (inflation pressure 19 cmH2O) for 3–300 min. After freezing the lobes in liquid N2, we measured perivascular cuff size and total perivascular volume in frozen blocks of each lobe and compared the results with previous measurements in dog lungs. Total cuff volume in sheep lungs reached a maximum value of 5% of air space volume, compared with 9% in dog l

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Gui, Liqiong, Hong Qian, Kevin A. Rocco, Loreta Grecu, and Laura E. Niklason. "Efficient intratracheal delivery of airway epithelial cells in mice and pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 308, no. 2 (2015): L221—L228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00147.2014.

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Cellular therapy via direct intratracheal delivery has gained interest as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating various pulmonary diseases including cystic fibrosis lung disease. However, concerns such as insufficient cell engraftment in lungs and lack of large animal model data remain to be resolved. This study aimed to establish a simple method for evaluating cell retention in lungs and to develop reproducible approaches for efficient cell delivery into mouse and pig lungs. Human lung epithelial cells including normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial (NHBE) cells and human lung epithe

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Pearse, D. B., and J. T. Sylvester. "Spontaneous injury in isolated sheep lungs: role of resident polymorphonuclear leukocytes." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 6 (1992): 2475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.6.2475.

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Perfusion of isolated sheep lungs with homologous blood caused pulmonary hypertension and edema that was not altered by depletion of perfusate polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes (D. B. Pearse et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 1287–1296, 1989). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of resident PMN leukocytes in this injury. First, we quantified the content and activation of lung PMN leukocytes before and during perfusion of eight isolated sheep lungs with a constant flow (100 ml.kg-1.min-1) of homologous blood. From measurements of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, we estimated that the

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