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Journal articles on the topic 'Lungs volume'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

James, A., G. Pearce-Pinto, and D. Hillman. "Effects of lung volume and surface forces on maximal airway smooth muscle shortening." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (1994): 1755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1755.

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The effects of lung volume and surface forces on airway smooth muscle shortening were studied in isolated perfused rat lungs. The lungs were inflated via the trachea with gas or Krebs solution (n = 12 each) to volumes equivalent to gas inflation pressures of 5 (low), 15 (medium), and 25 (high) cmH2O (n = 4 each). At each volume, two of the four lungs were perfused with methacholine (10(-2) M) and then all were perfused with Formalin for fixation. The amount of smooth muscle shortening present in transverse sections of the airways was determined by comparing the observed outer perimeter of the

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2

Walker, A. M., B. C. Ritchie, T. M. Adamson, and J. E. Maloney. "Effect of changing lung liquid volume on the pulmonary circulation of fetal lambs." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 1 (1988): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.1.61.

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During fetal life the lung develops as a liquid-filled structure with low blood flow compared with postnatal life. We studied the effects of liquid expansion of the fetal lung by measuring vascular conductance in perfused lungs in situ and arterial diameters in excised lungs of fetal lambs. Pulmonary vascular conductance invariably rose as the lung was deflated from its initial volume; maximal deflation to residual volume increased conductance 122%. With reexpansion, conductance fell progressively, culminating in cessation of flow at lung volumes of twice the initial volume. These changes pers

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3

Wilson, Theodore A., Ron C. Anafi, and Rolf D. Hubmayr. "Mechanics of edematous lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 6 (2001): 2088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2088.

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Using the parenchymal marker technique, we measured pressure (P)-volume (P-V) curves of regions with volumes of ∼1 cm3 in the dependent caudal lobes of oleic acid-injured dog lungs, during a very slow inflation from P = 0 to P = 30 cmH2O. The regional P-V curves are strongly sigmoidal. Regional volume, as a fraction of volume at total lung capacity, remains constant at 0.4–0.5 for airway P values from 0 to ∼20 cmH2O and then increases rapidly, but continuously, to 1 at P = ∼25 cmH2O. A model of parenchymal mechanics was modified to include the effects of elevated surface tension and fluid in t

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4

Sivan, Y., J. Hammer, and C. J. Newth. "Measurement of high lung volumes by nitrogen washout method." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 3 (1994): 1562–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.3.1562.

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Studies on human infants suggested that thoracic gas volume (TGV) measured at end exhalation may not depict the true TGV and may differ from TGV measured from a series of higher lung volumes and corrected for the volume added. This was explained by gas trapping. If true, we should expect the discrepancy to be more pronounced when functional residual capacity (FRC) and higher lung volumes are measured by gas dilution techniques. We studied lung volumes above FRC by the nitrogen washout technique in 12 spontaneously breathing rhesus monkeys (5.0–11.3 kg wt; 42 compared measurements). Lung volume

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5

Makarova, Anna V., Mudhar A. А. Alshaowa, Оlga S. Maslak, and Аlexandr Yu Mushkin. "Lung Volume and Pneumatization Changes in Children in Early Post-Surgical Period After Correction of Severe Neuromuscular Scoliosis Complicated with Respiratory Failure: Cohort Study." Current Pediatrics 23, no. 3 (2024): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vsp.v23i3.2766.

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Background. The effect of spinal deformity surgical correction in children with severe neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) on lung function remains unexplored.Objective. The aim of the study is to — to survey the dynamics of volume and structure of lungs pneumatization in children after surgical correction of severe neuromuscular deformities of the spine complicated by respiratory disorders.Methods. CT scans of lungs from 5 children with right-sided NMS, grade IV (Cobb angle < 50°) and functional respiratory disorders (lung capacity < 30% of normal value according to spirometry data and/or cli

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6

Shardonofsky, F. R., M. Skaburskis, J. Sato, W. A. Zin, and J. Milic-Emili. "Effects of volume history and vagotomy on pulmonary and chest wall mechanics in cats." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 2 (1991): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.498.

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Using the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant-flow inflation, we studied the effects of inflation volume, different baseline tidal volumes (10, 20, and 30 ml/kg), and vagotomy on the resistive and elastic properties of the lungs and chest wall in six anesthetized tracheotomized paralyzed mechanically ventilated cats. Before vagotomy, airway resistance decreased significantly with increasing inflation volume at all baseline tidal volumes. At any given inflation volume, airway resistance decreased with increasing baseline tidal volume. After vagotomy, airway resistance decreased

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7

Sahebjami, H., and J. MacGee. "Effects of starvation on lung mechanics and biochemistry in young and old rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 3 (1985): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.3.778.

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Two groups of rats (young and old) were food-deprived for 3 wk and were compared with age-matched fed groups. Final body weight and dry and wet weights of lungs were significantly reduced in both young and old starved rats. As determined by saline volume-pressure (VP) curves, lungs of young starved rats accepted significantly less volume at all pressure levels compared with lungs of young fed rats. When expressed as a percent of maximum lung volume, the VP curve in young starved rats was significantly shifted upward at low lung volumes. In the old rats, the VP curves were similar in fed and st

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8

Brusasco, V., D. O. Warner, K. C. Beck, J. R. Rodarte, and K. Rehder. "Partitioning of pulmonary resistance in dogs: effect of tidal volume and frequency." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 3 (1989): 1190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.3.1190.

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To determine the sensitivity of pulmonary resistance (RL) to changes in breathing frequency and tidal volume, we measured RL in intact anesthetized dogs over a range of breathing frequencies and tidal volumes centering around those encountered during quiet breathing. To investigate mechanisms responsible for changes in RL, the relative contribution of airway resistance (Raw) and tissue resistance (Rti) to RL at similar breathing frequencies and tidal volumes was studied in six excised, exsanguinated canine left lungs. Lung volume was sinusoidally varied, with tidal volumes of 10, 20, and 40% o

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9

Saidel, G. M., and M. Modarreszadeh. "Pulmonary diffusing capacity in the presence of ventilation inhomogeneity." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 6 (1987): 2438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2438.

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A model has been developed to quantify the effectiveness of alveolar-capillary transport in the presence of ventilation inhomogeneity. The exhalation dynamics of carbon monoxide (CO), argon (Ar), and lung volume from a single-breath experiment are analyzed simultaneously. A membrane transport coefficient (MTCO) that does not vary with lung volume is evaluated by a two-stage optimization procedure and related to diffusing capacity. Also, the model allows for a decrease in membrane transport rate associated with reduced lung volume. The model is tested by simulation studies and experiments with

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10

Miller, A. A., S. B. Hooper, and R. Harding. "Role of fetal breathing movements in control of fetal lung distension." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 6 (1993): 2711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2711.

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Our aim was to determine the role of fetal breathing movements (FBM) in the maintenance of fetal lung liquid volume. Experiments were performed in 14 chronically catheterized fetal sheep. FBM were selectively abolished for 48 h by the infusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) onto the phrenic nerves of five fetuses. Lung liquid volumes and secretion rates were measured before each treatment, 46–48 h after the start of the TTX infusion, and 22–24 h after the end of the infusion. Blockade of the phrenic nerves reduced fetal lung liquid volumes from 27.6 +/- 1.9 to 21.8 +/- 2.6 ml/kg and increased lung liqu

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11

Bachofen, H., S. Schurch, M. Urbinelli, and E. R. Weibel. "Relations among alveolar surface tension, surface area, volume, and recoil pressure." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 5 (1987): 1878–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.5.1878.

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For pulmonary structure-function analysis excised rabbit lungs were fixed by vascular perfusion at six points on the pressure-volume (P-V) curve, i.e. at 40, 80, and 100% of total lung capacity (TLC) on inflation, at 80 and 40% TLC on deflation, and at 80% TLC on reinflation. Before fixation alveolar surface tensions (gamma) were measured in individual alveoli over the entire P-V loop, using an improved microdroplet method. A maximal gamma of approximately 30 mN/m was measured at TLC, which decreased during lung deflation to about 1 mN/m at 40% TLC. Surface tensions were considerably higher on

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Pérez-Bravo, David, Despoina Myti, Ivana Mižíková, et al. "A comparison of airway pressures for inflation fixation of developing mouse lungs for stereological analyses." Histochemistry and Cell Biology 155, no. 2 (2020): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00418-020-01951-0.

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AbstractThe morphometric analysis of lung structure using the principles of stereology has emerged as a powerful tool to describe the structural changes in lung architecture that accompany the development of lung disease that is experimentally modelled in adult mice. These stereological principles are now being applied to the study of the evolution of the lung architecture over the course of prenatal and postnatal lung development in mouse neonates and adolescents. The immature lung is structurally and functionally distinct from the adult lung, and has a smaller volume than does the adult lung

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13

Yan, Xiao, Juan Jose Polo Carbayo, Ewald R. Weibel, and Connie C. W. Hsia. "Variation of lung volume after fixation when measured by immersion or Cavalieri method." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 284, no. 1 (2003): L242—L245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00184.2002.

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Organ volume is a critical parameter in morphometric analysis. The special problems of the lung as a nonsolid organ are overcome by tracheal instillation of fixatives at a constant airway pressure (Paw). Lung volume can change significantly after fixation as Paw change. To determine the variation of lung volume after fixation, we measured the volume of intact fixed lungs by serial immersion in saline (Vimm) at selected time points, compared with measurements obtained by point counting [Cavalieri Principle (Vcav)] after tissue sectioning to release Paw. Vimm was systematically higher than Vcav

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14

Tumanova, U. N., V. M. Lyapin, A. A. Burov, A. I. Shchegolev, and D. N. Degtyarev. "Postmortem Characteristics of Lung Hypoplasia at Diaphragmatic Hernia: MRI – Pathomorphological Comparisons." Medical Visualization, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2017-4-132-142.

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Purpose: the study of postmortem MRI possibilities for the diagnosis of lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Materials and methods. A comparison of the results of postmortem MRI study and data of pathoanatomical autopsy of 23 newborns was performed. In group I, the bodies of 10 deceased newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia without operative intervention were examined. In group II – the bodies of 7 newborns who died after surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Group III (control) included 6 bodies of newborns without diaphragmatic hernia and signs of lung hypoplasia

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15

Chatzaraki, Vasiliki, Lars C. Ebert, Michael J. Thali, Anna-Bettina Haidich, and Garyfalia Ampanozi. "Evaluation of the mediastinal-thoracic volume ratio on postmortem computed tomography." International Journal of Legal Medicine 135, no. 5 (2021): 1903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02593-0.

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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to measure the mediastinal-thoracic volume ratio (CTR_VOL) on PMCT as a more accurate version of traditional CTR, in order to assess the terminal positional relationship between the heart and lungs in the different causes of death with regard to age, gender, BMI, cardiomegaly, and lung expansion. Materials Two hundred fifty consecutive postmortem cases with pre-autopsy PMCT and full forensic autopsy were retrospectively evaluated. The lungs and the mediastinum were manually segmented on the PMCT data and the correspondent volumes were estimated in

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16

Whitehead, Thomas C., Haibo Zhang, Brendan Mullen, and Arthur S. Slutsky. "Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Cytokine Response to Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide." Anesthesiology 101, no. 1 (2004): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200407000-00010.

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Background Mechanical ventilation may cause lung injury through the excitation of an inflammatory response and the release of mediators, such as cytokines. The authors tested the hypothesis that intratracheal lipopolysaccharide amplifies the cytokine response to mechanical ventilation. Methods Rat lungs were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharide followed by ex vivo mechanical ventilation for 2 h with low tidal volume of 7 ml/kg with 3 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), high tidal volume of 40 ml/kg with zero PEEP, medium tidal volume of 15 ml/kg with 3 cm H2O PEEP, or

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Paula, Luis Felipe, Tyler J. Wellman, Tilo Winkler, et al. "Regional tidal lung strain in mechanically ventilated normal lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 6 (2016): 1335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00861.2015.

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Parenchymal strain is a key determinant of lung injury produced by mechanical ventilation. However, imaging estimates of volumetric tidal strain (ε = regional tidal volume/reference volume) present substantial conceptual differences in reference volume computation and consideration of tidally recruited lung. We compared current and new methods to estimate tidal volumetric strains with computed tomography, and quantified the effect of tidal volume (VT) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on strain estimates. Eight supine pigs were ventilated with VT = 6 and 12 ml/kg and PEEP = 0, 6, and

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18

Yablonskiy, Dmitriy A., Alexander L. Sukstanskii, Jason C. Woods, et al. "Quantification of lung microstructure with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 4 (2009): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00386.2009.

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The structure and integrity of pulmonary acinar airways and their changes in different diseases are of great importance and interest to a broad range of physiologists and clinicians. The introduction of hyperpolarized gases has opened a door to in vivo studies of lungs with MRI. In this study we demonstrate that MRI-based measurements of hyperpolarized 3He diffusivity in human lungs yield quantitative information on the value and spatial distribution of lung parenchyma surface-to-volume ratio, number of alveoli per unit lung volume, mean linear intercept, and acinar airway radii—parameters tha

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Hughes, Paul J. C., Laurie Smith, Ho-Fung Chan, et al. "Assessment of the influence of lung inflation state on the quantitative parameters derived from hyperpolarized gas lung ventilation MRI in healthy volunteers." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 1 (2019): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00464.2018.

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In this study, the effect of lung volume on quantitative measures of lung ventilation was investigated using MRI with hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe. Six volunteers were imaged with hyperpolarized 3He at five different lung volumes [residual volume (RV), RV + 1 liter (1L), functional residual capacity (FRC), FRC + 1L, and total lung capacity (TLC)], and three were also imaged with hyperpolarized 129Xe. Imaging at each of the lung volumes was repeated twice on the same day with corresponding 1H lung anatomical images. Percent lung ventilated volume (%VV) and variation of signal intensity [heterog

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Beck, K. C., and S. J. Lai-Fook. "Pulmonary blood flow vs. gas volume at various perfusion pressures in rabbit lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 6 (1985): 2004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.6.2004.

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To obtain a detailed description of the dependence of pulmonary blood flow on changes in lung volume, we perfused isolated rabbit lungs with homologous blood at 37 degrees C while controlling vascular pressures during lung deflation. We set pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary venous pressure (Ppv) to constant values relative to alveolar pressure (Palv) to keep the effective driving pressure for flow constant during lung deflation from total lung capacity (TLC) to 25% TLC. The shapes of the flow vs. lung volume curves were dependent on the levels of Ppa-Palv and Ppv-Palv at which th

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Hubmayr, R. D., M. J. Hill, and T. A. Wilson. "Nonuniform expansion of constricted dog lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 2 (1996): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.2.522.

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The parenchymal marker technique was used to measure regional tidal volumes of samples of lung parenchyma in four open-chest supine dogs. Radiopaque markers that had been implanted in the lower lobe were tracked by biplane video fluoroscopy during sinusoidal volume oscillations at tidal volumes of approximately 20% of total lung capacity and frequencies of 1-40 breaths/min before and after methacholine was administered by aerosol. The volumes of tetrahedrons with apexes at four markers were computed, and sine waves were fit to the data for volume vs. time for each tetrahedron. The ratio of mea

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Qin, Yangchun, Liang Zhang, Tixin Han, et al. "An Improved Cole–Cole Model for Characterizing In Vivo Dielectric Properties of Lung Tissue at Different Tide Volumes: An Animal Study." Bioengineering 12, no. 5 (2025): 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12050445.

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Objective: The air content within the lungs directly influences the dielectric properties of lung tissue; however, previous studies were conducted under ex vivo conditions and without quantitatively controlling air volume. This study aims to develop an improved model using in vivo measurements to accurately characterize the dielectric properties of rabbit lung tissue across various tidal volumes. Methods: In this study, six sets of different tidal volumes (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 mL) were set in the frequency band of 100 MHz~1 GHz to analyze the trend of the dielectric properties, and the diele

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Foster, David J., Priya Ravikumar, Dennis J. Bellotto, Roger H. Unger, and Connie C. W. Hsia. "Fatty diabetic lung: altered alveolar structure and surfactant protein expression." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 298, no. 3 (2010): L392—L403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00041.2009.

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Pulmonary dysfunction develops in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in direct correlation with glycemia and is exacerbated by obesity; however, the associated structural derangement has not been quantified. We studied lungs from obese diabetic ( fa/fa) male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats at 4, 12, and 36 wk of age, before and after onset of T2DM, compared with lean nondiabetic ( +/+) rats. Surfactant proteins A and C (SP-A and SP-C) immunoexpression in lung tissue was quantified at ages 14 and 18 wk, after the onset of T2DM. In fa/fa animals, lung volume was normal despite obesity. Numerous li

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Inselman, L. S., L. B. Padilla-Burgos, S. Teichberg, and H. Spencer. "Alveolar enlargement in obesity-induced hyperplastic lung growth." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 5 (1988): 2291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2291.

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Structural changes underlying obesity-induced pulmonary cellular hyperplasia were evaluated by lung morphometry and stereology in 8-wk-old male Long-Evans rats made obese by nursing in small litters with subsequent feeding of a high-fat diet. Control animals were raised in normal-sized litters and then fed standard rat chow. Compared with controls, obese rats had significant elevations in body weight (31%), fat pad weight (158%), fat pad weight-to-body weight ratio (97%), snout-to-anus length (8%), snout-to-tail length (7%), serum insulin concentration (64%), fixed lung volume (56%), and the r

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Lai, Y. L., S. Ganesan, and S. J. Lai-Fook. "Airway resistance measured in liquid-trapped guinea pig lungs by micropuncture." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 6 (1988): 2446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.6.2446.

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We studied the relationship between bronchoconstriction and the degree of trapping in saline-filled lungs isolated from guinea pigs postmortem after rapid exsanguination. Airway resistance was measured in nine lungs, and in five lungs the site of airway narrowing was located radiographically. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, degassed by O2 absorption, then rapidly exsanguinated when O2 absorption was almost complete. Liquid trapping was assessed from the pressure-volume behaviour measured in saline-filled lungs. During a slow deflation from maximum volume, alveolar liquid p

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Hirai, T., K. A. McKeown, R. F. M. Gomes, and J. H. T. Bates. "Effects of lung volume on lung and chest wall mechanics in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 1 (1999): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.16.

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To investigate the effect of lung volume on chest wall and lung mechanics in the rats, we measured the impedance (Z) under closed- and open-chest conditions at various positive end-expiratory pressures (0–0.9 kPa) by using a computer-controlled small-animal ventilator (T. F. Schuessler and J. H. T. Bates. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 42: 860–866, 1995) that we have developed for determining accurately the respiratory Z in small animals. The Z of total respiratory system and lungs was measured with small-volume oscillations between 0.25 and 9.125 Hz. The measured Z was fitted to a model that featur

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27

Krell, W. S., and J. R. Rodarte. "Effects of chest wall on volume and strain patterns in canine lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 4 (1985): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.4.1055.

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Lobar functional residual capacity-to-total lung capacity ratios (FRC/TLC) and strains in five supine anesthetized dogs were determined from volumes and side lengths of tetrahedra formed by multiple intraparenchymal markers whose positions were determined roentgenographically. Strain is related to fractional changes in length of elements in a Cartesian coordinate system and was used to describe parenchymal distortion. Volumes and strain patterns were compared in three states: intact dogs, after transection of forelimb structures to relieve traction on the chest wall, and in dogs' excised lungs

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Warner, D. O., R. E. Hyatt, and K. Rehder. "Inhomogeneity during deflation of excised canine lungs. II. Alveolar volumes." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 4 (1988): 1766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1766.

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We have previously demonstrated appreciable inhomogeneity of alveolar pressures measured by a capsule technique in excised canine lobes deflated at submaximal flows (J. Appl. Physiol. 65: 1757-1765, 1988). We further analyzed the results of these experiments by estimating alveolar volumes (VA) and regional flows from regional transpulmonary pressures, assuming that regional pressure-volume relationships were homogeneous. Deflation at submaximal flows of lungs suspended in air caused significant flow-dependent inhomogeneity of VA that increased as lung volume decreased. Immersion of lungs in st

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Loring, Stephen H., Carl R. O'Donnell, James P. Butler, Peter Lindholm, Francine Jacobson, and Massimo Ferrigno. "Transpulmonary pressures and lung mechanics with glossopharyngeal insufflation and exsufflation beyond normal lung volumes in competitive breath-hold divers." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 3 (2007): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00749.2006.

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Throughout life, most mammals breathe between maximal and minimal lung volumes determined by respiratory mechanics and muscle strength. In contrast, competitive breath-hold divers exceed these limits when they employ glossopharyngeal insufflation (GI) before a dive to increase lung gas volume (providing additional oxygen and intrapulmonary gas to prevent dangerous chest compression at depths recently greater than 100 m) and glossopharyngeal exsufflation (GE) during descent to draw air from compressed lungs into the pharynx for middle ear pressure equalization. To explore the mechanical effects

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Conhaim, R. L., S. J. Lai-Fook, and A. Eaton. "Sequence of interstitial liquid accumulation in liquid-inflated sheep lung lobes." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 6 (1989): 2659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2659.

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In the initial stages of pulmonary edema, liquid accumulates in the lung interstitium and appears as cuffs around pulmonary vessels. To determine the pattern, rate, and magnitude of cuff formation, we inflated sheep lungs to capacity with liquid (inflation pressure 19 cmH2O) for 3–300 min. After freezing the lobes in liquid N2, we measured perivascular cuff size and total perivascular volume in frozen blocks of each lobe and compared the results with previous measurements in dog lungs. Total cuff volume in sheep lungs reached a maximum value of 5% of air space volume, compared with 9% in dog l

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Adler, A., R. Amyot, R. Guardo, J. H. T. Bates, and Y. Berthiaume. "Monitoring changes in lung air and liquid volumes with electrical impedance tomography." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 5 (1997): 1762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1762.

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Adler, A., R. Amyot, R. Guardo, J. H. T. Bates, and Y. Berthiaume. Monitoring changes in lung air and liquid volumes with electrical impedance tomography. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1762–1767, 1997.—Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) uses electrical measurements at electrodes placed around the thorax to image changes in the conductivity distribution within the thorax. This technique is well suited to studying pulmonary function because the movement of air, blood, and extravascular fluid induces significant conductivity changes within the thorax. We conducted three experimental protocols in a

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Tchórzewski, Paweł, Małgorzata Lalak - Dybała, Bartosz Przysucha, and Paweł Olszewski. "Use of electrical impedance tomography for lung volume reconstruction." Journal of Modern Science 57, no. 3 (2024): 622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/jms/191357.

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The article presents a study of the application of electro-impedance tomography (EIT) in diagnosing lung capacity using the Tikhonov regularization method. The possibility of reconstructing the lungs to monitor the degree of air filling was investigated. The experiment included a series of tests using a torso phantom designed to simulate different states of the lungs - from fully inflated to fully deflated. Lung-filling states were manipulated in controlled scenarios to test nine main experimental conditions reflecting different lung-filling states. In addition, the quality of reconstruction w

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Tsuzaki, K., C. A. Hales, D. J. Strieder, and J. G. Venegas. "Regional lung mechanics and gas transport in lungs with inhomogeneous compliance." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 1 (1993): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.1.206.

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The effect of respiratory frequency (f) on the distributions of ventilation, regional gas transport, lung volume, and regional impedance was assessed with positron imaging in lungs with nonuniform lung mechanics after unilateral lung lavage. Supine dogs were studied during eucapnic oscillatory ventilation at f between 1 and 15 Hz and at a constant mean airway pressure of 5 cmH2O. Substantial differences in mean lung volume and tidal volume (VT) between lavaged and control lungs were found at all f values, but pendelluft never exceeded 2% of mouth flow. For f < or = 10 Hz, VT distributed in

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Stamenovic, D., and J. C. Smith. "Surface forces in lungs. II. Microstructural mechanics and lung stability." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 4 (1986): 1351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1351.

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Recent lung microstructural models describing interactions between alveolar surface tension (gamma) and forces in structural elements of the alveolar duct predict that the component of lung recoil pressure due to gamma (P gamma) is proportional to gamma/V1/3, where V is the total lung volume. This relation is tested against experimental data obtained from pressure-volume measurements of excised rabbit lungs with different constant values of gamma. It is found that for values of gamma less than approximately 18 dyn/cm the data generally agree with the model predictions. With higher values of ga

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Mercer, R. R., J. M. Laco, and J. D. Crapo. "Three-dimensional reconstruction of alveoli in the rat lung for pressure-volume relationships." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 4 (1987): 1480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.4.1480.

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To determine alveolar pressure-volume relationships, alveolar three-dimensional reconstructions were prepared from lungs fixed by vascular perfusion at various points on the pressure-volume curve. Lungs from male Sprague-Dawley rats were fixed by perfusion through the pulmonary artery following a pressure-volume maneuver to the desired pressure point on either the inflation or deflation curve. Tissue samples from lungs were serially sectioned for determination of the volume fraction of alveoli and alveolar ducts and reconstruction of alveoli. Alveoli from lungs fixed at 5 cmH2O on the deflatio

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Kitterman, Joseph A. "Physiological factors in fetal lung growth." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 8 (1988): 1122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-184.

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Adequate pulmonary function at birth depends upon a mature surfactant system and lungs of normal size. Surfactant is controlled primarily by hormonal factors, especially from the hypophysis, adrenal, and thyroid; but these have little influence on fetal lung growth. In contrast, current data indicate that lung growth is determined by the following physical factors that permit the lungs to express their inherent growth potential. (a) Adequate intrathoracic space: lesions that decrease intrathoracic space impede lung growth, apparently by physical compression. (b) Adequate amount of amniotic flu

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Krischer, Jeanne-Marie, Karolin Albert, Alexander Pfaffenroth, et al. "Mechanical ventilation-induced alterations of intracellular surfactant pool and blood–gas barrier in healthy and pre-injured lungs." Histochemistry and Cell Biology 155, no. 2 (2020): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00418-020-01938-x.

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AbstractMechanical ventilation triggers the manifestation of lung injury and pre-injured lungs are more susceptible. Ventilation-induced abnormalities of alveolar surfactant are involved in injury progression. The effects of mechanical ventilation on the surfactant system might be different in healthy compared to pre-injured lungs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilations on the structure of the blood–gas barrier, the ultrastructure of alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and the intracellular surfactant pool (= lame

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Andersson, Lena E., Margaretha Bååth, Anders Thörne, Peter Aspelin, and Suzanne Odeberg-Wernerman. "Effect of Carbon Dioxide Pneumoperitoneum on Development of Atelectasis during Anesthesia, Examined by Spiral Computed Tomography." Anesthesiology 102, no. 2 (2005): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200502000-00009.

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Background Anesthesia per se results in atelectasis development in the dependent regions of the lungs. The effect of pneumoperitoneum on atelectasis formation is not known. The aim of the current study was to measure by spiral computed tomography the effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery on the development of atelectasis, overall lung volume, and regional tissue volumes of gas and tissue. Methods Seven patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I), scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were observed. After induction of anesthesia,

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Verbeken, E. K., M. Cauberghs, I. Mertens, J. M. Lauweryns, and K. P. Van de Woestijne. "Tissue and airway impedance of excised normal, senile, and emphysematous lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 6 (1992): 2343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.6.2343.

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We partitioned pulmonary resistance (RL) in excised normal, senile, and emphysematous human lungs at various distending pressures; peripheral resistance (Rp) was measured by means of retrograde catheters and lung tissue resistance (Rti) by means of pleural capsules. By subtracting Rp from RL and Rti from Rp, we obtained, respectively, central (Rcaw) and peripheral (Rpaw) airway resistance. We determined also lung volumes, the elastic recoil pressure-volume curve, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s-to-vital capacity ratio (FEV1/VC). The functional data were related to morphometry: mean lin

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Hogg, J. C., B. A. Martin, S. Lee, and T. McLean. "Regional differences in erythrocyte transit in normal lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 4 (1985): 1266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.4.1266.

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We measured regional blood volume and flow in the lungs of nine mongrel dogs. The time taken for the erythrocytes to transit through individual lung regions was calculated from the relationship t = V/Q, where V is blood volume and Q is flow. The data show that the total pulmonary blood volume was 82 +/- 6 ml and that the average time spent in the pulmonary vascular bed was 2.86 +/- 0.31 s. The frequency distribution of the transit times ranged from 0.41 to 6 s in the experiment with the shortest mean transit (1.62 s) and from 0.9 to greater than 20 s in the experiment with the longest mean tra

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Polikutina, O. M., Y. S. Slepynina, E. D. Bazdyrev, V. N. Karetnikova, and O. L. Barbarach. "RELATION OF THE MARKERS OF MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION WITH STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE LUNGS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 17, no. 2 (2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2018-2-24-28.

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Aim. To evaluate the structural and functional changes in the lungs of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with absence or presence of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and the relation with myocardial dysfunction and systemic inflammation.Material and methods. Totally, 189 STEMI patients included: group 1 — STEMI with COPD of moderate and mild grade, 2 — STEMI with no lung pathology. Groups were comparable by clinical and anamnestic parameters. Assessment of lung function and blood collection were done at 1012 day of STEMI. For comparison of the parameters representing

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Smith, J. C., and D. Stamenovic. "Surface forces in lungs. I. Alveolar surface tension-lung volume relationships." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 4 (1986): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1341.

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Alveolar surface tension (gamma)-lung volume relationships were obtained for quasi-static and dynamic lung pressure-volume (PV) histories from measurements of PV curves of liquid- and air-filled excised rabbit lungs. PV relationships were measured at room temperature in lungs filled with test liquids with constant liquid-liquid interfacial tensions with alveolar surface-active materials; and air-filled lungs before and after the normal alveolar surface film was covered with test liquids with constant values of liquid- and air-liquid interfacial tensions. Interfacial tensions of test liquids we

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Serikov, V. B., M. S. Rumm, K. Kambara, M. I. Bootomo, A. R. Osmack, and N. C. Staub. "Application of respiratory heat exchange for the measurement of lung water." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 3 (1992): 944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.3.944.

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A noninvasive method for measuring pulmonary blood flow and lung mass (called airway thermal volume), based on the measurements of lung heat exchange with environment, is described. The lungs function as a steady-state heat exchange system, having an inner heat source (pulmonary blood flow) and an external heat sink (ventilation). Sudden changes in the steady-state condition, such as caused by hyperventilation of dry air, lead to a new steady state after a few minutes. The expired air temperature difference between the initial and final steady states is proportional to pulmonary blood flow, wh

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ElKady, T., and A. Jobe. "Corticosteroids and surfactant increase lung volumes and decrease rupture pressures of preterm rabbit lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 4 (1987): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1616.

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We measured the effects of corticosteroids and surfactant individually and in combination on lung pressure-volume relationships, rupture pressures, and rupture volumes. Pregnant does were injected with betamethasone (0.1 mg/kg per day im) or vehicle on days 24 and 25 of gestation, and fetal rabbits were delivered on days 26 and 27. Natural surfactant (50 mg/kg body wt) was instilled intratracheally into half of the lungs after tracheotomy. After nine cycles of inflation with air to 40 cmH2O and deflation, air pressure-volume curves were measured. Then the lungs were filled with air to rupture,

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Marks, J. D., J. M. Luce, N. M. Lazar, J. N. Wu, A. Lipavsky, and J. F. Murray. "Effect of increases in lung volume on clearance of aerosolized solute from human lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 4 (1985): 1242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.4.1242.

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To study the effect of increases in lung volume on solute uptake, we measured clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) at different lung volumes in 19 healthy humans. Seven subjects inhaled aerosol (1 micron activity median aerodynamic diam) at ambient pressure; clearance and functional residual capacity (FRC) were measured at ambient pressure (control) and at increased lung volume produced by positive pressure [12 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)] or negative pressure (voluntary breathing). Six different subjects inhaled aerosol at ambient pressure; clea

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Petroncini, Matteo, Elena Salvaterra, Leonardo Valentini, et al. "Donor Lungs’ Procurement Implementation with Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Low-Volume Lung Transplant Center." Life 15, no. 1 (2024): 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15010037.

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(1) Background: Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) is a technique designed to assess and recondition marginal lungs, potentially expanding the donor pool and improving transplant outcomes (2) Methods: This retrospective study evaluated lung transplantation outcomes after EVLP. Donor lungs were assessed using the Toronto protocol, with data on hemodynamics, gas exchange, and perfusion parameters collected and analyzed. Post-transplant complications and survival rates were also examined. (3) Results: Over five years, 17 EVLP procedures were performed. Despite an improvement in lung function, 47% of d

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Kobayashi, T., W. Z. Li, K. Tashiro, et al. "Disparity between tidal and static volumes of immature lungs treated with reconstituted surfactants." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 1 (1996): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.1.62.

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We biologically assessed functions of several reconstituted surfactants with the same minimum surface tension (2-3 mN/m) as “complete” porcine pulmonary surfactant (natural surfactant) but with longer surface adsorption times. Administration of natural surfactant (adsorption time 0.29 s) into the lungs of surfactant-deficient immature rabbits brought a tidal volume of 16.1 +/- 4.4 (SD) ml/kg during mechanical ventilation with 40 breaths/min and 20 cmH2O insufflation pressure. In static pressure-volume recordings, these animals showed a lung volume of 62.4 +/- 9.7 ml/kg at 30 cmH2O airway press

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Tomioka, S., S. Kubo, H. J. Guy, and G. K. Prisk. "Gravitational independence of single-breath washout tests in recumbent dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 2 (1988): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.2.642.

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To examine the mechanisms of lung filling and emptying, Ar-bolus and N2 single-breath washout tests were conducted in 10 anesthetized dogs (prone and supine) and in three of those dogs with body rotation. Transpulmonary pressure was measured simultaneously, allowing identification of the lung volume above residual volume at which there was an inflection point in the pressure-volume curve (VIP). Although phase IV for Ar was upward, phase IV for N2 was small and variable, especially in the prone position. No significant prone to supine differences in closing capacity for Ar were seen, indicating

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Bennett, William D., Gerhard Scheuch, Kirby L. Zeman, et al. "Regional deposition and retention of particles in shallow, inhaled boluses: effect of lung volume." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 1 (1999): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.168.

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The regional deposition of particles in boluses delivered to shallow lung depths and their subsequent retention in the airways may depend on the lung volume at which the boluses are delivered. To evaluate the effect of end-inspiratory lung volume on aerosol bolus delivery, we had healthy subjects inhale radiolabeled, monodisperse aerosol (99mTc-iron oxide, 3.5-μm mass median aerodynamic diameter) boluses (40 ml) to a volumetric front depth of 70 ml into the lung at lung volumes of 50, 70, and 85% of total lung capacity (TLC) end inhalation. By gamma camera analysis, we found significantly grea

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Bennett, R. A., J. L. Addison, and D. E. Rannels. "Static mechanical properties of lungs from adrenalectomized pneumonectomized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 253, no. 1 (1987): E6—E11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.1.e6.

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The pressure-volume characteristics of saline-filled lungs of adult rats were studied after left pneumonectomy (PNX), with or without prior bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–240 g) remained unoperated (UNOP) or were divided into three surgical groups: left PNX, ADX alone, or PNX preceded 5 days earlier by ADX (ADX/PNX). Two weeks post-PNX, maximum lung volumes [MLV; measured at transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) of 10 cmH2O] of right lungs from PNX and ADX/PNX rats remained 20 and 37% below UNOP values, respectively, although right lung mass was equal to or exceeded that

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