Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lungu (African people)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Lungu (African people)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lungu (African people)"

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Plum, C., M. Stolbrink, L. Zurba, K. Bissell, B. O. Ozoh, and K. Mortimer. "Availability of diagnostic services and essential medicines for non‐communicable respiratory diseases in African countries." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 25, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0762.

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BACKGROUND: The global burden of disease due to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is substantial and particularly great in low‐ and middle‐income countries, including many African countries. Management is affected by availability of diagnostic tests and essential medicines. The study aimed to explore the availability of spirometry services and essential medicines for asthma and COPD in African countries.METHOD: Questionnaires were delivered to healthcare workers at the annual meeting of the Pan African Thoracic Society Methods in Epidemiology and Clinical Research (PATS MECOR) and International Multidisciplinary Programme to Address Lung Health and TB in Africa (IMPALA). Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics.RESULTS: A total of 37 questionnaires representing 13 African countries were returned. Spirometry availability was 73.0%. The most common reasons for non‐availability were lack of knowledge of the utility of the test. Within the study sample, 33.3% faced sporadic availability due to maintenance issues. Essential medicines availability ranged from 37.8% for inhaled corticosteroid‐long‐acting beta‐agonist inhalers to 100% for prednisolone 5 mg tablets, mainly due to supply chain problems.CONCLUSION: There is varied availability of spirometry and WHO essential medicines for COPD and asthma in African countries. Strategies are needed to improve access to basic effective care for people with non‐communicable lung disease in Africa.
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Nlandu, Yannick M., Jean-Robert R. Makulo, Nestor M. Pakasa, Ernest K. Sumaili, Clarisse N. Nkondi, Justine B. Bukabau, François K. Beya, Nazaire M. Nseka, François B. Lepira, and Raoul Bergner. "First Case of COVID-19-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy in Sub-Saharan Africa." Case Reports in Nephrology 2020 (September 28, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820713.

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Although the lungs remain the main target of SARS-CoV-2, other organs, such as kidneys, can be affected, which has a negative impact on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Although previous studies of kidney disease in COVID-19 reported mainly SARS-CoV-2-induced tubular and interstitial injury, there is growing evidence coming out of Africa of glomerular involvement, especially collapsing glomerulopathy seen particularly in people of African descent. We report a case of collapsing glomerulopathy revealed by acute kidney injury and a new onset of full blown nephrotic syndrome in a black Congolese patient coinfected with COVID-19 and malaria.
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Chidumwa, Glory, Innocent Maposa, Barbara Corso, Nadia Minicuci, Paul Kowal, Lisa K. Micklesfield, and Lisa Jayne Ware. "Identifying co-occurrence and clustering of chronic diseases using latent class analysis: cross-sectional findings from SAGE South Africa Wave 2." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e041604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041604.

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ObjectivesTo classify South African adults with chronic health conditions for multimorbidity (MM) risk, and to determine sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural factors associated with identified patterns of MM, using data from the WHO’s Study on global AGEing and adult health South Africa Wave 2.DesignNationally representative (for ≥50-year-old adults) cross-sectional study.SettingAdults in South Africa between 2014 and 2015.Participants1967 individuals (men: 623 and women: 1344) aged ≥45 years for whom data on all seven health conditions and socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural, and anthropological information were available.MeasuresMM latent classes.ResultsThe prevalence of MM (coexistence of two or more non-communicable diseases (NCDs)) was 21%. The latent class analysis identified three groups namely: minimal MM risk (83%), concordant (hypertension and diabetes) MM (11%) and discordant (angina, asthma, chronic lung disease, arthritis and depression) MM (6%). Using the minimal MM risk group as the reference, female (relative risk ratio (RRR)=4.57; 95% CI (1.64 to 12.75); p =0.004) and older (RRR=1.08; 95% CI (1.04 to 1.12); p<0.001) participants were more likely to belong to the concordant MM group, while tobacco users (RRR=8.41; 95% CI (1.93 to 36.69); p=0.005) and older (RRR=1.09; 95% CI (1.03 to 1.15); p=0.002) participants had a high likelihood of belonging to the discordant MM group.ConclusionNCDs with similar pathophysiological risk profiles tend to cluster together in older people. Risk factors for MM in South African adults include sex, age and tobacco use.
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Ruffieux, Yann, Mazvita Muchengeti, Matthias Egger, Orestis Efthimiou, Lina Bartels, Victor Olago, Maša Davidović, et al. "Immunodeficiency and Cancer in 3.5 Million People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): The South African HIV Cancer Match Study." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): e735-e744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab087.

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Abstract Background We analyzed associations between immunodeficiency and cancer incidence in a nationwide cohort of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) in South Africa. Methods We used data from the South African HIV Cancer Match Study built on HIV-related laboratory measurements from the National Health Laboratory Services and cancer records from the National Cancer Registry. We evaluated associations between time-updated CD4 cell count and cancer incidence rates using Cox proportional hazards models. We reported adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) over a grid of CD4 values and estimated the aHR per 100 CD4 cells/µL decrease. Results Of 3 532 266 PLWH, 15 078 developed cancer. The most common cancers were cervical cancer (4150 cases), Kaposi sarcoma (2262 cases), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1060 cases). The association between lower CD4 cell count and higher cancer incidence rates was strongest for conjunctival cancer (aHR per 100 CD4 cells/µL decrease: 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–1.54), Kaposi sarcoma (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20–1.26), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.14–1.22). Among infection-unrelated cancers, lower CD4 cell counts were associated with higher incidence rates of esophageal cancer (aHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00–1.11) but not breast, lung, or prostate cancer. Conclusions Lower CD4 cell counts were associated with an increased risk of developing various infection-related cancers among PLWH. Reducing HIV-induced immunodeficiency may be a potent cancer-prevention strategy among PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa, a region heavily burdened by cancers attributable to infections.
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Mandadi, Mounika, and Goetz H. Kloecker. "Representation of minorities in randomized lung cancer trials in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16517-e16517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16517.

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e16517 Background: The SEER data base shows a higher rate of lung cancer mortality for African Americans and a lower lung cancer mortality rate of Hispanics compared to Caucasians in the US. It is not clear if this is due to socioeconomic or biological factors. This study reviews the representation of Caucasians, African Americans (AA), Hispanics, and Asians in recent randomized trials published in the US. Methods: A systematic review was done of randomized trials in lung cancer published in the NEJM, JAMA, JCO. The percentage of patients of each race in the individual trials was listed. An average percentage with mean standard error for Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic and Asian race was obtained. The percentage for each group is compared to the racial distribution in the US Census data. Results: 30 randomized clinical trials were analyzed for racial distribution. A total of 227,411 patients were enrolled in the trials. Conclusions: African Americans and Hispanics have been significantly underrepresented in randomized trials published in the US. This affects the external validity of the trial results when generalizing the results to these minorities. Strategies to ensure accrual of people of all races are required to ameliorate the disparities clinical trial enrollment. [Table: see text]
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Reinersman, M., G. J. Riely, A. Nicastri, G. A. Soff, A. Getinet, A. G. Schwartz, M. F. Zakowski, V. W. Rusch, M. G. Kris, and M. Ladanyi. "EGFR and KRAS mutation status of lung adenocarcinomas in African Americans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 11065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.11065.

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11065 Background: The 2004 discovery of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitizing mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents a major advance in the study and management of non-small cell lung cancer. Conversely, KRAS mutations in these cancers confer resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. EGFR mutations occur almost exclusively in adenocarcinoma, and are more common in never smokers, women, and people born in East Asian (compared to Whites). No comprehensive studies exist of EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung cancers from African-American patients. Methods: We collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from 121 resected lung adenocarcinomas from African-American patients for DNA extraction. EGFR exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R point mutations were detected by sensitive mutation-specific PCR-based methods. KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutation testing was performed by mass-spectrometry (Sequenom)-based genotyping and direct sequencing. These data were compared to Memorial Sloan-Kettering data for EGFR and KRAS mutations in all resected adenocarcinomas in white patients. Results: EGFR mutations were detected in 23 of 121 cases (19%), while KRAS mutations were found in 21 (17%). Exon 19 deletions accounted for 18 of 23 of the EGFR mutations compared to 5 EGFR L858R mutations. KRAS mutations were primarily the transversion type mutations (17 of 21). When compared to data from Memorial Sloan-Kettering for White patients (81/273, 30%), the 17% rate of KRAS mutations in lung adenocarcinomas from African-Americans was significantly lower (p=0.01). EGFR mutation status was similar between African-Americans and Whites (19% vs 18%, p=0.9) and the proportion of exon 19 deletions and L858R mutations was comparable as well. Conclusions: This is the first large series reporting results of mutation testing in lung adenocarcinoma specimens from African-Americans. African-American patients are less likely than Whites to harbor KRAS mutations in their lung adenocarcinomas. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of EGFR mutations. Since biological characteristics underlie clinical factors, these differences may help explain differences in outcomes comparing African-Americans to other groups. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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McGlashan, N. D., and J. S. Harington. "Lung cancer 1978-1981 in the black peoples of South Africa." British Journal of Cancer 52, no. 3 (September 1985): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1985.199.

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Ravimohan, Shruthi, Sara C. Auld, Pholo Maenetje, Nelly Ratsela, Mandla Mlotshwa, Itai Ncube, Jonathan P. Smith, et al. "Lung Injury on Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 9 (June 26, 2019): 1845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz560.

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Abstract Background Immune restoration on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can drive inflammation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), but its effects on the lungs have not been assessed. We evaluated associations between pulmonary inflammation, recovery of pathogen-specific CD4 T-cell function, and lung injury prior to and after ART initiation in adults with HIV and pulmonary TB. Methods This was a prospective cohort study in South Africa, following adults with HIV and pulmonary TB prior to and up to 48 weeks after ART initiation. Pulmonary-specific inflammation was defined as total glycolytic activity (TGA) on [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) at baseline and 4 weeks after ART initiation. Spirometry, respiratory symptom tests, and flow cytometry were performed at the same times to assess lung involvement and the frequency of mycobacteria-specific CD4 T-cells. In addition, we evaluated lung function longitudinally up to 48 weeks after ART initiation. Results Greater lung TGA on FDG PET-CT was associated with worse lung function and respiratory symptoms prior to ART initiation, and nearly half of subjects experienced worsening lung inflammation and lung function at Week 4 of ART. Worsening Week 4 lung inflammation and pulmonary function were both associated with greater increases in pathogen-specific functional CD4 T-cell responses on ART, and early decreases in lung function were independently associated with persistently lower lung function months after TB treatment completion. Conclusions Increases in pulmonary inflammation and decreases in lung function are common on ART, relate to greater ART-mediated CD4 T-cell restoration, and are associated with the persistent impairment of lung function in individuals with HIV/TB.
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Darmon, Nicole, and Myriam Khlat. "An overview of the health status of migrants in France, in relation to their dietary practices." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 2 (April 2001): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn200064.

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AbstractObjectiveTo review studies on the morbidity, mortality and nutrition of migrant populations in France.DesignA systematic search of the bibliographic database Medline, and direct contact with associations and institutions concerned with migrants' health.ResultsIn France, as in other host countries, migrants belong to the lowest socio-economic strata. They have on average better health and lower mortality than the local-born population. Health benefits are particularly noticeable in Mediterranean men, especially for affluence-related diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. North African men smoke as heavily as the local-born of the same occupational categories, and yet their mortality rates from lung cancer are notably lower. Such a paradox may be the result of a synergy between different phenomena such as the selection of the fittest applicants for immigration and the maintenance of healthy lifestyles from the countries of origin. In contrast, migrant women do not enjoy the same health advantages, possibly because they are less likely to be selected on the basis of their health and because they are often non-working. Adult migrants from southern Europe and North Africa report dietary practices consistent with the typical Mediterranean diet, which is renowned for its positive effects on health.ConclusionsThe diet of Mediterranean adults living in France may partly explain the low rates of chronic diseases and high adult life expectancy observed in migrant men from northern Africa. Information about their diets might provide clues for the design of nutritional education campaigns aimed at low-income people.
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Fleishman, Aaron Julian, Julia Wittig, Jason Milnes, Andrew Baxter, Jennifer Moreau, and Khanjan Mehta. "Validation Process for a Social Entrepreneurial Telemedicine Venture in East Africa." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 5, no. 1 (May 10, 2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v5i1.2344.

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Mashavu (“chubby-cheeked” in Swahili) is a telemedicine system that connects medical professionals around the world with people in developing communities in East Africa. Mashavu kiosks are computer-based systems that collect medical information including weight, body temperature, lung capacity, pulse rate, blood pressure, stethoscope rhythms, photographs and basic hygiene and nutrition information. Mashavu kiosks transmit this information over a cell-phone link to a secure Internet website. Medical professionals and public health officials can view the patient’s information and respond to the person/operator and the nearest doctor(s) with recommendations. An imperative part of complex product design, especially when working in international contexts, is to gain validation. Validation ensures that the product being designed accurately fits the needs of the population for which it is being designed. The Mashavu team used methodologies from the world of engineering, business, and the social sciences to validate the concept, business plan, technology and usability of the system. This paper discusses the Mashavu venture and the methodologies employed for getting validation and uncovering the "sticky" information related to the East African context that is critical to the design and commercialization of the Mashavu telemedicine system.
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Books on the topic "Lungu (African people)"

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Some spirits heal, others only dance: A journey into human selfhood in an African village. Oxford, England: Berg, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lungu (African people)"

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Ulasi, Ifeoma, Chinwuba Ijoma, Ngozi Ifebunandu, Ejikeme Arodiwe, Uchenna Ijoma, Julius Okoye, Ugochi Onu, Chimezie Okwuonu, Sani Alhassan, and Obinna Onodugo. "Organ Donation and Transplantation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges." In Organ Donation and Transplantation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94986.

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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), occupying about 80% of the African continent is a heterogeneous region with estimated population of 1.1 billion people in 47 countries. Most belong to the low resource countries (LRCs). The high prevalence of end-organ diseases of kidney, liver, lung and heart makes provision of organ donation and transplantation necessary. Although kidney and heart transplantations were performed in South Africa in the 1960s, transplant activity in SSA lags behind the developed world. Peculiar challenges militating against successful development of transplant programmes include high cost of treatment, low GDP of most countries, inadequate infrastructural and institutional support, absence of subsidy, poor knowledge of the disease condition, poor accessibility to health-care facilities, religious and trado-cultural practices. Many people in the region patronize alternative healthcare as first choice. Opportunities that if harnessed may alter the unfavorable landscape are: implementation of the 2007 WHO Regional Consultation recommendations for establishment of national legal framework and self-sufficient organ donation/transplantation in each country and adoption of their 2020 proposed actions for organ/transplantation for member states, national registries with sharing of data with GODT, prevention of transplant commercialization and tourism. Additionally, adapting some aspects of proven successful models in LRCs will improve transplantation programmes in SSA.
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Ulasi, Ifeoma, Chinwuba Ijoma, Ngozi Ifebunandu, Ejikeme Arodiwe, Uchenna Ijoma, Julius Okoye, Ugochi Onu, Chimezie Okwuonu, Sani Alhassan, and Obinna Onodugo. "Organ Donation and Transplantation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges." In Organ Donation and Transplantation. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94986.

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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), occupying about 80% of the African continent is a heterogeneous region with estimated population of 1.1 billion people in 47 countries. Most belong to the low resource countries (LRCs). The high prevalence of end-organ diseases of kidney, liver, lung and heart makes provision of organ donation and transplantation necessary. Although kidney and heart transplantations were performed in South Africa in the 1960s, transplant activity in SSA lags behind the developed world. Peculiar challenges militating against successful development of transplant programmes include high cost of treatment, low GDP of most countries, inadequate infrastructural and institutional support, absence of subsidy, poor knowledge of the disease condition, poor accessibility to health-care facilities, religious and trado-cultural practices. Many people in the region patronize alternative healthcare as first choice. Opportunities that if harnessed may alter the unfavorable landscape are: implementation of the 2007 WHO Regional Consultation recommendations for establishment of national legal framework and self-sufficient organ donation/transplantation in each country and adoption of their 2020 proposed actions for organ/transplantation for member states, national registries with sharing of data with GODT, prevention of transplant commercialization and tourism. Additionally, adapting some aspects of proven successful models in LRCs will improve transplantation programmes in SSA.
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Silachamroon, Udomsak, and Sirivan Vanijanonta. "Lung flukes (paragonimiasis)." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 1558–62. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0184.

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Paragonimiasis is an infection by flukes of the genus Paragonimus, with foci of disease in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Humans acquire infection by eating metacercariae in improperly cooked freshwater crabs or crayfish. Acute inflammatory and allergic symptoms are rarely serious and usually resolve spontaneously. Chronic manifestations may be (1) pulmonary—most remarkably with a chronic, productive cough with jam-like, brownish-red sputum; and (2) extrapulmonary—most importantly in the central nervous system, often presenting with seizures. Diagnosis is by demonstrating ova in sputum, stool, or pleural fluid. Serology can be used to support the diagnosis, especially in extrapulmonary paragonimiasis. Treatment with praziquantel is almost always effective. Prevention is by health education and the mass treatment of infected people in an endemic area.
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Silachamroon, Udomsak, and Sirivan Vanijanonta. "Lung flukes (paragonimiasis)." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 1216–19. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.071103_update_001.

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Paragonimiasis is an infection by flukes of the genus Paragonimus, with foci of disease in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Humans acquire infection by eating metacercariae in improperly cooked freshwater crabs or crayfish. Acute inflammatory and allergic symptoms are rarely serious and usually resolve spontaneously. Chronic manifestations may be (1) pulmonary—most remarkably with a chronic, productive cough with jam-like, brownish-red sputum; and (2) extrapulmonary—most importantly in the central nervous system, often presenting with seizures. Diagnosis is by demonstrating ova in sputum, stool, or pleural fluid. Serology can be used to support the diagnosis, especially in extrapulmonary paragonimiasis. Treatment with praziquantel is almost always effective. Prevention is by health education and the mass treatment of infected people in an endemic area....
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Conference papers on the topic "Lungu (African people)"

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Beukes, Giancarlo L., Michael Levin, and Sudesh Sivarasu. "The Paediatric Metered Dosage Inhaler (pMDI) Sleeve Attachment." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3459.

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Asthma is a chronic disease that causes fixed airflow obstruction, swelling and inflammation of the lung airways. This results in shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing [1]. 3.9 million People in South Africa are estimated to suffer from the disease and 1.5% of this total die as a result, annually [2]. The disease is the 3rd most common cause of child hospitalisation in South Africa. In developing countries, the most common and affordable treatment option for asthma would be the standard metered dosage inhaler (MDI) [3, 4]. MDI’s provide a range of medications (including airway dilators and anti-inflammatories) contained within the aerosol canisters. A large number of paediatric and geriatric patients suffering from asthma are unable to produce the necessary force required to activate the standard MDI. The study investigated fingertip pinch (action carried out when activating an MDI) strengths to determine the activation force deficit for paediatric patients [5]. In addition, patients using a standard MDI are unable to track the number of dosages remaining in the aerosol canisters [5]. The study presents a solution to the above mentioned patient limitations. A sleeve attachment was developed to reduce the required activation force of a standard MDI and track patient medication adherence. Additional features included height adjustability for varied MDI sizes (55mm to 90mm in length) and paediatric patient aesthetic appeal.
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