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Journal articles on the topic 'Luo language'
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1
VERELLEN, L. "Luo Gongyan." Journal Asiatique 275, no. 3 (December 1, 1987): 283–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ja.275.3.2011536.
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Onyango-Ouma, Washington, and Jens Aagaard-Hansen. "Dholuo Kincepts in Western Kenya." Studies in African Linguistics 49, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v49i2.125889.
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The Luo are a Nilotic people living in western Kenya, north-eastern Tanzania and in western Uganda. Their language, Dholuo, forms part of the Western Nilotic group of languages. This article presents the traditional kincepts (kinship terminology) of the Luo people as described by elders living in Central Sakwa location, Siaya County, western part of Kenya. The kincepts for consanguine as well as affine relatives in up to three ascending and five descending generations are described. The paper applies a combined linguistic and anthropological approach. Linguistically, the terms are analysed in relation to current Dholuo vocabulary, grammar and modes of expression. Anthropologically, the Luo kinship rules of patrilineality and virilocality are considered. The domain of kincepts is a research field bringing together linguistics, anthropology and history. It contributes to the inquiry of diachronic linguistics, which can provide insights on the development and interaction of related languages as well as population groups’ migratory patterns not least in parts of the world where written historical sources are scarce.
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Wang, Min. "Luo, 2017. Translation and Chinese Modernity." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.4.11wan.
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Zhuang, Von Wei. "Zur Transformation des Chinarestaurants in Luo Lingyuans Migrationsroman Das Mädchen, der Koch und der Drache: Eine interkulturelle Perspektive." Jahrbuch für Internationale Germanistik 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/ja511_29.
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Abstract Luo Lingyuan (<styled-content>)</styled-content> ist mit Abstand die bekannteste deutschsprachige Schriftstellerin chinesischer Abstammung. 1963 in der Provinz Jiangxi, Volksrepublik China, geboren, lebt Luo seit 1990 in Berlin, wo sie als Journalistin und Dolmetscherin tätig ist. Sie trat 2005 erstmals schriftstellerisch in Erscheinung und bis heute hat sie zwei Erzählbände1 sowie vier Romane2 publiziert. Für den Erzählband Du fliegst jetzt für meinen Sohn aus dem fünften Stock wurde Luo 2007 mit dem Adalbert-von-Chamisso-Förderpreis ausgezeichnet. Während der Erzählband Du fliegst jetzt für meinen Sohn aus dem fünften Stock und der Roman Die Sterne von Shenzhen sowohl die positiven Seiten als auch (und besonders) die negativen Seiten des wirtschaftlichen Booms in China thematisieren, richten ihre anderen Werke, deren Handlung sich vorwiegend in Deutschland aber auch in China abspielt, den Fokus auf kulturelle Begegnungen und Konflikte zwischen chinesischen und deutschen Protagonisten.
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Luo, Huifang, Yongye Meng, and Yalin Lei. "China’s language services as an emerging industry." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 64, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00043.luo.
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Abstract Languages play an essential role in China’s drive for modernization and in its interactions with the rest of the world. Discussions in this paper are designed to offer an overview of China’s language services, which have grown into a sizable industry with more than 70,000 businesses. In addition to its growth in size, the language services industry has also been a leader in introducing CAT technology in translation and adopting advanced technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, etc. Language service providers (LSPs) have also worked with institutions of higher learning in various forms of collaboration to provide internship opportunities to students of translation and other forms of support to universities. In order to promote the healthy development of the industry, the Translators Association of China (TAC) has done a huge amount of work in organizing industry efforts to develop guidelines for different kinds of language services, and help the industry to exercise self-regulation. This paper also discusses the challenges that the industry faces today and offers recommendations to the industry as it moves forward.
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Onyango, Daniel. "Loch Piny Owacho." Journal of Language and Politics 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2012): 606–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.11.4.07ony.
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In this paper, I construct a linguistic framework for understanding contrasting conceptions of political contest. That framework is illustrated by applying it to the particular case of Luo of Kenya in the wider context of the country’s conflictual ethno-politics.The article, which rests on a conception of political contest as a structure of competition in which individuals and ethnic communities compete for political supremacy (over others, or at the expense of others), analyses selected instances of recent texts from online blogs, music and recorded public meetings. The article shows that, just like many other language communities, Luo key concepts and understandings emanate from its social and cultural institutions. Also, as those activities serve as source domains for other areas of social existence, including politics, the article argues that the conceptual metaphors deriving from frames such as POLITICAL CONTEST IS HUNTING/WAR/ WRESTLING/A FOOTBALL MATCH or POLITICAL CONTEST IS WOOING A WIFE are still common among the Luo today, even though some issues like hunting and war are no longer matters of everyday life. As the article argues, understanding the Luo Idealized Cognitive Models (ICMs) of political contest may be very useful in peace and conflict studies.
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Thompson, R. Bruce, and Jean Berko Gleason. "Language death. David Crystal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. 208." Applied Psycholinguistics 22, no. 2 (June 2001): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716401212077.
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“On 4 November 1995 Kasabe existed; on 5 November it did not.” This brief obituary in David Crystal's book (p. 1) does not refer to a creature. It refers to an African language, known as Luo, that had been spoken in Cameroon; on the day in question, Bogon, the last speaker of Kasabe, died, taking his language with him. According to Crystal, half of the world's current languages are in danger of dying, and the situation is so grave that an international and interdisciplinary effort must be mounted to rescue them. Crystal has written this book to alert us to the peril and to suggest ways in which our linguistic diversity might be maintained.
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Grigorenko, Elena L., P. Wenzel Geissler, Ruth Prince, Frederick Okatcha, Catherine Nokes, David A. Kenny, Donald A. Bundy, and Robert J. Sternberg. "The organisation of Luo conceptions of intelligence: A study of implicit theories in a Kenyan village." International Journal of Behavioral Development 25, no. 4 (July 2001): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000348.
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This article examines the organisation of concepts of intelligence among the Luo people in rural Kenya. In particular, it discusses what the components of these concepts are; how these components are expressed in the DhoLuo language, how they are interrelated, how they are used in judgements of other people, and how these components of Luo conceptions of intelligence are related to Western conceptions of intelligence. Peer, teacher, and adult in the community ratings of children on Luo components of intelligence are correlated with performance on conventional ability tests and with school achievement. The Luo concept of intelligence is primarily expressed in the DhoLuo vocabulary by four concepts (rieko, luoro, paro, and winjo), which appear to form two latent structures, social-emotional competence and cognitive competence. Indicators of only one of these concepts (rieko) and only one latent structure (cognitive competence) correlate with scores on conventional Western cognitive ability tests and with school achievement in English and mathematics. The article also presents a novel method for analysing data from people’s ratings of each other’s intelligence that is useful when not every one who is providing the ratings knows everyone who is to be rated, and when Likert rating scales are inapplicable.
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Andersen, Torben. "Downstep in Pari the tone system of a western Nilotic language." Studies in African Linguistics 19, no. 3 (December 1, 1988): 261–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v19i3.107458.
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Pari, a Western Nilotic language, has a terraced-level tone system with total downstep. Although Pari could be analyzed as having three basic tone levels and automatic downstep, there is morphological evidence that it has two basic tone levels and non-automatic downstep. Furthermore, there is evidence that downstep is the manifestation of a floating high tone. Floating tones thus behave differently from tones of deleted vowels. In spite of many surface differences between Pari and Luo, a related language, a single tone change accounts for their underlying differences.
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Ojwang, Benson Oduor. "Linguistic Conceptualizations of Disease Among the Luo of Kenya." Qualitative Health Research 28, no. 3 (January 9, 2018): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732317747875.
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The region inhabited by the Luo ethnic group in Kenya is disease endemic. However, disease awareness initiatives register low acceptance due to the sociocultural images of disease and illness conceptualized in the local Dholuo language in ways that may contradict modern biomedical knowledge and practice. This article evaluates the sociocultural basis of encoding descriptions of disease in the Luo indigenous knowledge system and their implications for modern medical practice. The methodology entailed use of qualitative interviews of purposively sampled Dholuo-speaking patient escorts in a provincial referral hospital. Nonparticipant observation was also conducted at funerals to monitor contextualized usage of the discourse of disease, illness, and death. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and categorized into emergent themes and categories. The results revealed that Dholuo is replete with expressions that emphasize the vulnerability and discrimination of the sick. Such attitudes cause rejection of interventions and negatively influence health-seeking behavior. The expressions were relevant and acceptable to cultural insiders; hence, they could determine their understanding of health conditions thereby influencing how they make medical decisions. It emerges that the unique Luo worldview controls their perceptions on the causes of disease and prescribes community-driven remedies which may depart from the expectations of the biomedical model.
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Kayne, Richard S. "Toward an understanding of apparent suppletion in Romance pronominal possessives." Probus 30, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2018-0001.
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Abstract The Italian pair *il luo libro vs. il suo libro (‘the his/her book’) that is typical of Romance lends itself to an account of the first in terms of constraints also seen in the syntax of compounding, and to an account of the second that links its s-, despite initial appearances, to what we think of as Romance reflexive s-. We might informally call this pair an instance of suppletion, as long as we recognize that calling it suppletion falls short of an account.
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Blount, Ben G. "Cognition and phonology in acquisition of plurals and possessives by Luo children." Language Sciences 10, no. 1 (1988): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0388-0001(88)90013-7.
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Zhu, Xun. "Review of Luo & He (2009): Translating China." Chinese Language and Discourse 1, no. 2 (December 10, 2010): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.1.2.11xun.
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Kim, Youngmin. "LUO QINSHUN (1465-1547) AND HIS INTELLECTUAL CONTEXT." T'oung Pao 89, no. 4 (2003): 367–441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853203773644376.
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Luo, Yangtian. "Review of Cao & Yu (2019): Language Contact and Change in Chinese." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.22016.luo.
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Opondo, Rose Akinyi. "Masking death: Covid-19 inspired humour in the everyday orality of a Luo community in Kenya." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 60, no. 3 (December 13, 2023): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tl.v60i3.14691.
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Death, especially death which comes through disease, is often a hard subject that the human mind wishes to bury deep in the unconscious. The lack of ease with impending death eventually finds expression in everyday discourse. In this paper I look at performance of Covid-19 discourse through humour in a short episode of everyday orality of a Luo community in Uyoma, Siaya, in Kenya. The performance of the everyday language is textualized to display the aesthetics of contextual language through coinage, jokes, and puns, which manifest as humorous responses to an otherwise dire situation. From the feminising of the disease as Acory Nyar China, literally translated as “the petite Cory from China”, to the symbolic naming of aspects of the Covid-19 protocols and verbal jokes about the same, there is an inherent, deliberate attempt to literally laugh in the face of death. The identified aspects of language are treated as metaphorical masks, even as the mask as an object also becomes a metaphor. I employ discourse analysis, which treats language as living social phenomena capable of change, growth, expansion, and adaptation for contextual spatial and temporal expressions.
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Luo, Jinru, and Dechao Li. "Universals in machine translation?" International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 27, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.19127.luo.
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Abstract By examining and comparing the linguistic patterns in a self-built corpus of Chinese-English translations produced by WeChat Translate, the latest online machine translation app from the most popular social media platform (WeChat) in China, this study explores such questions as whether or not and to what extent simplification and normalization (hypothesized Translation Universals) exhibit themselves in these translations. The results show that, whereas simplification cannot be substantiated, the tendency of normalization to occur in the WeChat translations can be confirmed. The research finds that these results are caused by the operating mechanism of machine translation (MT) systems. Certain salient words tend to prime WeChat’s MT system to repetitively resort to typical language patterns, which leads to a significant overuse of lexical chunks. It is hoped that the present study can shed new light on the development of MT systems and encourage more corpus-based product-oriented research on MT.
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Luo, Qiongpeng, Zhiguo Xie, and Xiao Li. "Degrees and grammar." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 24, no. 1 (December 12, 2022): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00124.luo.
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Abstract In this article, we discuss some fundamental issues as well as several unresolved questions of degree-based theories in contemporary linguistics from the perspective of East Asian languages, with a view to pointing out some directions for future research. We first focus on several controversies surrounding the studies of comparative constructions in the literature, i.e., phrasal comparison vs. clausal comparison, individual comparison vs. degree comparison, big DegP vs. small DegP, the points of cross-linguistic variation, etc. We then expand the discussion to comparative constructions and other degree-related constructions in Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, and demonstrate how an East Asian perspective offers a novel insight into those controversies and uncovers considerable in-depth commonality underlying a variety of degree-related constructions cross-linguistically. We conclude by suggesting some directions for future within- and cross-linguistic research.
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Luo, Yongxian. "Rethinking basic taste terms." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 10, no. 2 (November 17, 2023): 422–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00107.luo.
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Abstract The general consensus about four basic tastes, sweet, bitter, sour and salty, is rooted in Aristotle’s writings. This inventory was expanded with the addition of umami (or savoury) in the early years of last century, a taste that wasn’t fully scientifically recognized until the mid-1980s. Work on this area of human cognition from various fields – psychology, physiology, chemistry and particularly food science – has led to new discoveries that allow us to have a better understanding of the mechanism of taste. However, linguistic work on this aspect of human perception is lacking. Questions remain to be asked as to the size of the vocabulary of basic tastes, and how language can reflect the organization of the taste domain. This paper proposes to look at basic tastes by examining Chinese historical texts with an aim to reveal how the ancient Chinese people classified and categorized tastes. It will be demonstrated that the Chinese concept of “taste” boasts a long history, going back to pre-historic times. The word for “taste”, 味 wèi, can also refer to “smell; flavour.” The term is primarily used as a category noun, which gets borrowed into Japanese to become the head element -mi of the compound word umami in Japanese. Significantly, a form with a similar sound shape, 美 měi, was found in ancient Chinese with the meaning “tasty”, an adjective describing the taste, flavour of fresh meat, akin to “savoury.” This indicates that we are dealing with a morphological process or doublet in this semantic field. It also indicates that the idea of “good taste, tasty, savoury” existed long before that of umami. Equally important is the form with related meaning, 鲜 xiān, which is made up of two graphic forms, “fish” （鱼） + “lamb” （羊）. This form etymologically denotes the flavour of fresh fish, now carrying the sense of “fresh, delicious, tasty, savoury” in Chinese, which further illustrates the point. Still another form, 旨 zhǐ “(n) good flavour; pleasant taste,” is the source of the meaning of umami, as defined in Japanese dictionaries. Several other tastes are also analysed. Their implications for the expansion of basic tastes are discussed. The connections between the taste domain and olfaction domain are explored, with insights from some neighbouring languages.
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Halytska, O. "The issues and themes in works by German-Language writer of Chinese descent L. Luo." Chinese Studies, no. 1 (2021): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51198/chinesest2021.01.203.
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Luo, Tian. "Mustapha Taibi (ed.). Translating for the Community." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 64, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00057.luo.
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Luo, Xuanmin, and Jiachun Zhu. "The translation of Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales in China." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00086.luo.
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Abstract Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tales have been popular among Chinese readers since they were introduced to China through translation a century ago. This paper studies the translation of Andersen’s fairy tales in China by focusing on prominent Chinese translators of Andersen and their landmark translations. Regarding translation as a social activity, the author attempts to interpret the behaviour of the translator in terms of the historical context in which it occurred, as well as the corresponding ideology of literature. It is argued that the language styles and translating strategies adopted by the translators of different ages have varied according to the translator’s understanding of the original works, his purpose of translating, the publishers’ interests and the readers’ expectations in the target culture, as well as the image of Andersen constructed in the socio-cultural context from which the translation emerged. Therefore, the translation practice, which has contributed to the canonization of Andersen in China, is a process of the translators’ negotiations with the fluid Chinese poetics and ideology of the 20th century.
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Luo, Tian. "Review of Qi (2018): Jin Ping Mei English Translations: Texts, Paratexts and Contexts." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66, no. 6 (December 9, 2020): 1039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00195.luo.
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Rahmawati, Utami, and Muhammad Farhan Masrur. "HUBUNGAN DEIKSIS PERSONA DAN DEIKSIS SOSIAL DALAM FILM《悲伤逆流成河》Bēishāng nìliú chénghé CRY ME A SAD RIVER KARYA LUO LUO." Paramasastra 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/paramasastra.v9n2.p194-210.
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Besides being used for exchanging information, language is also used by humans to refer to one thing in a context. Without context, the interlocutor will find difficulties to understand the meaning of the designation expressed by the speaker. In pragmatics, the expression of designation is called deixis. There are four types of deixis, personal diexis, social deixis, time deixis, and place deixis. Personal deixis and social deixis are types of deixis that have a close relationship. This research aims to discuss the relationship between personal deixis and social deixis in the film Cry Me a Sad River《悲伤逆流成河》Bēishāng Nìliú Chénghé by Luo Luo. This research is qualitative research with the data in the form of speech transcripts containing personal deixis and social deixis. The method used is descriptive method. This study used the simak bebas libat cakap technique and note-taking techniques. The following results were obtained: (1) the speech transcripts contained 192 data of personal deixis and 21 data of social deixis. (2) There is a connection between personal deixis and social deixis, namely aspects of social deixis influence the speaker's choice of personal deixis. Key Words: Deixis, Relationship, Personal Diexis, Social Deixis, Cry Me a Sad River
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DONAZZAN, Marta, Sylviane R. SCHWER, Lucia M. TOVENA, Marta DONAZZAN, SylvianeR SCHWER, and Lucia M. TOVENA. "Les adverbes zài du chinois mandarin et encore dans le système temporel de Reichenbach." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 39, no. 2 (2010): 157–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602810x00025.
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Ce travail étudie les propriétés sémantiques de l'adverbe zài ??? du chinois mandarin, que nous analysons comme un adverbe de répétition restreint aux événements prospectifs par rapport au temps d'évaluation, et comparons avec l'adverbe encore du français, en reprenant l'analyse de Renaud et Luo (1987). Un examen détaillé des contraintes imposées par le système aspectuel des deux langues nous permet d'analyser les interactions de ces deux adverbes avec l'information temporelle véhiculée par la phrase. Notre description formelle s'appuie sur la caractérisation des différentes formes d'itération produites par les adverbes répétitifs, proposée par Donazzan (2008); Tovena et Donazzan (2008), et sur la représentation du modèle reichenbachien des temps verbaux sous forme de treillis de Delannoy généralisés, présentée par Autebert et Schwer (2003), et appliquée par Schwer (2007) à l'étude des temps verbaux.
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Handayani, Yayan Yunita, and Yulie Neila Chandra. "The Modal Particles in the Storybook 原我这么棒 Yuánlái Wύ Zhème Bàng By Li Huizhen Partikel Modalitas dalam Buku Cerita 原来我这么棒 Yuánlái Wǒ Zhème Bàng Karya Li Huizhen." Bambuti 2, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53744/bambuti.v2i2.16.
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Particles in Mandarin can be divided into three kinds, namely structural, aspectual, and modality or modal particles. The particles have their own functions, as well as having grammatical meanings. This article discusses the particles of modality in the children's storybook entitled原我这么棒(Yuánlái Wύ Zhème Bàng) 'I'm So Great' by Li Huizhen. Particles of modality are widely used in the context of the conversation in the storybook, namely 啊 a, 吧 ba, 啦la, 了le, 啰luo, 吗ma, 嘛ma, 哪na, 呢ne, 呀ya, 哟yo. Through distributional analysis methods, as well as with the technique of evaporation and transfer analysis, the modality particles can be matched with phatic particles in Indonesian, such as 'ya', 'lah', 'sih', 'lho', and 'dong' which are generally located behind sentences, and some behind clauses. However, the meaning of the particles is uncertain and unsteady because each depends on the context of the sentence or the meaning of the sentence. The presence of modality particles in a sentence can change the meaning of a sentence, its type of sentence, or its language function.
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Aoyama, Reijiro. "Writing-Mediated Interaction Face-to-Face: Sinitic Brushtalk in the Japanese Missions’ Transnational Encounters with Foreigners During the Mid-Nineteenth Century." China and Asia 2, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 234–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-02020003.
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Abstract Drawing on Chinese-Japanese transnational and transcultural interaction in the mid-nineteenth century, this article illustrates how Sinitic brushtalk functioned as an effective modality of communication between Chinese and Japanese literati who did not have a shared spoken language. The illustrations are adapted from personal diary-like travelogues of Japanese travelers to Shanghai on board the Senzaimaru in 1862 and participants in the Japanese mission to the United States in 1860. The recollection of the brushtalkers with their Chinese interlocutors whom they met on the way, including those during their return journey from the US while calling at trading ports like Batavia and Hong Kong, provides elaborate details on how writing-mediated improvisation using brush, ink, and paper allowed Japanese travelers with literacy in Sinitic to engage in “silent conversation” with their literate Chinese counterparts. A third historical context where Sinitic brushtalk was put to meaningful use was US–Japanese negotiations during Commodore Perry’s naval expedition to Edo Bay in 1854, where Luo Sen, bilingual in Chinese (spoken Cantonese) and English, was hired to perform the role of secretary. Throughout the negotiations, Luo was able to perform his duties admirably in part by impressing the Japanese side with his fine brushtalk improvisations. While misunderstanding and miscommunication could not be entirely avoided, the article concludes that until the early 1900s writing-mediated interaction through Sinitic brushtalk in face-to-face encounters functioned adequately and effectively as a scripta franca between literate Japanese and their Chinese “silent conversation” partners both within and beyond Sinographic East Asia. Such a unique modality of communication remained vibrant until the advent of nationalism and the vernacularization of East Asian national languages at the turn of the century.
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Rafieyan, Vahid. "Bridging Pragmatic Gap in Translation Process through Developing Pragmatic Awareness." Journal for the Study of English Linguistics 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsel.v4i1.9667.
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<p>In order for the translator to be able to translate the source text into the target language in a relevant way, the strata of the translated text through which relevance can be obtained (pragmatic, pragmatic-semantic, and semantic strata) should be equalized to that of the source text (Li & Luo, 2004). The translator can achieve this by raising his/her awareness of the source and target language pragmatic perspectives. To investigate the actual effect of developing knowledge of pragmatic perspectives of the source language and the target language on the quality of translation of culture-bound texts, the current study was conducted on 64 Iranian undergraduate students of English translation. The study consisted of three phases: 1) administering a culture-bound text to be translated by all participants, 2) dividing participants into two groups: one merely receiving translation exercises while the other receiving metapragmatic discussions of the pragmatic perspectives of the source language along with translation exercises, and 3) assessing the translation quality of both groups immediately and two months following the treatment. The study revealed the significant positive effect of pragmatic instruction on improving the quality of translation of culture-bound texts and maintaining the obtained knowledge. The pedagogical implications of the findings suggested incorporating the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the source language and their distinctions with the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the target language into translation classes as an integral part of translation classes.</p>
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Luo, Yongxian. "Nominal classification in Zhuang." Classifiers 3, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 267–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.22011.luo.
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Abstract The Zhuang language employs a system of nominal classification, including numeral classifiers, modifier classifiers, class terms, kin prefixes, gender markers, prefixable morphemes for topographic names, among others. Quite often, the same set of morphemes is used as numeral classifiers and with demonstratives. The numeral classifier system is particularly salient, comprising numeral terms and noun classifiers, with dozens of classifiers with fine semantic distinctions. The modifier classifier system involves the use of classifiers in nominal modification of all kinds. The kinship system consists of kinship terms which take prefixes and other human terms as prefixes to personal names. Gender markers are found for human nouns, some kinship terms and animal nouns or plant names. Toponyms or place names are headed by morphemes describing the topographic or geographic features of the places or locations in question. Discourse contexts may also help to differentiate different types of Classifier Phrase.
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Campbell, John R. "Who are the Luo? Oral tradition and disciplinary practices in anthropology and history." Journal of African Cultural Studies 18, no. 1 (June 2006): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696850600750327.
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Chen, Jiajun. "The Style and Characteristics of Flower-and-Bird Painting in The Western Fujian Province in Modern Times." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 6 (December 29, 2021): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i6.1293.
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The 20th century was a period of change in the development of Chinese flower-and-bird painting. Traditional brush and ink painting blended with Western painting colors and concepts to present new forms of painting. Following the peak of Ming and Qing Dynasties’ development in Minxi (the western of Fujian) painting, a group of freehand flower-and-bird painters represented by the “four Masters of Shanghang” Li Shaoqi, Luo Xiaofan, Qiu Tian, and Song Shengyu, who inherited the Minxi painting style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, learned the new painting language combines the styles of Paintings of Shanghai school, Lingnanism, and Lingdongism. The unique new style of painting highlights the posture of Minxi flower-and-bird paintings, thus influencing the modern times changes of flower-and-bird paintings of Fujian.
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Luo, Han. "Dingfang Shu, Hui Zhang, and Lifei Zhang. 2019. Cognitive Linguistics and the Study of Chinese." Chinese Language and Discourse 11, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.00029.luo.
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Tuitaitė, Jurgita, and Polina Šedienė. "Discourse through Photovoice: “Lived experience” of epilepsy." SHS Web of Conferences 68 (2019): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196802014.
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The purpose of this article is to help medical students during the interaction of people with epilepsy, to learn more about “lived experience”, and find out more about patients' voices. People with epilepsy sometimes disincline to talk about their problems because of stigmatization. Stigmatization of epilepsy determines diminished self-esteem, depression, anxiety for the future and low quality of life [1]. Methodology—photovoice is a qualitative method that combines pictures and narratives in exploring “ived experience” of people with epilepsy, patients' and students' voices. Photovoice project was conducted in processing steps considering Luo (2016). The research members included people with epilepsy and medical students who were divided into 8 groups. The duration of the project was 6 weeks and after the project exhibition was arranged. Results. Voices of patients with epilepsy allow students to understand the discourse between insiders and outsiders, the differences between professional language and conversation among professionals.
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Bickers, R. A. "Death of a Young Shanghailander: The Thorburn Case and the Defence of the British Treaty Ports in China in 1931." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 2 (May 1996): 271–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016474.
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On June 4th 1931 the North China Daily News—the principal British owned English-language newspaper in Shanghai published a small report on page 12 headed ‘Alleged crime by foreigner: Shooting affair on the Nanking railway: Held by military authorities’ This went on to state a Russian had been arrested for the murder of two Chinese gendarmes on the 1st of June at 10pm. He had been challenged as a prelude to a search but had fired on them and escaped having fatally wounded two men. The following morning a ‘suspicious looking foreigner’ had been arrested in the vicinity and was still being held in custody. The source of this story was the previous day's Shenbao, the leading Shanghai Chinese newspaper which had picked up the story from the Suzhou press. The Russian's name was given as Xi si ke tuo qu luo—which might be transliterated as ‘Sea Scout’, for reasons which will become clear.
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Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora. "Luo Di Sheng Gen (落地生根): Early Taiwanese-Chinese Immigrants in Canada and Guam." Journal Of Chinese Overseas 8, no. 2 (2012): 169–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341236.
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Abstract Recent literature on new Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants to Western countries has focussed on those who have arrived since the late 1980s — but may not be staying permanently in their host countries — and have adopted a transnational residence pattern which requires them to engage in two or more social fields. Using autobiographical interviews, the author reconstructs the lives of early Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants in three different cities in Canada, and in Guam, an Unincorporated Territory of the US located in the insular western Pacific region. The three major research themes in this study pertain to reasons for and processes of migration, lived experiences, and self-identity. For this study, 46 Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants (24 in Canada and 22 in Guam) were selected from the available samples in the two respective regions where the author conducted extensive fieldwork in 2008-2011. Arriving mainly in the 1960s and 1970s, the early Taiwanese-Chinese immigrants to Canada and Guam survived various hardships, worked or established businesses from which they earned a steady income. Diligence, ingenuity and perseverance, as well as skills in entrepreneurship and social capital brought from Taiwan, served them well in their achievements in their new home countries in Canada and Guam. As young, well-educated university graduates or professionals at the time of immigration, sometimes re-migrating from another country, they developed significant language competency, social skills, and local knowledge in Canada and Guam. Having a strong sense of belonging, and identifying with the countries they have moved to, most of the Taiwanese-Chinese of Canada and Guam who took part in this study have become “permanent settlers” and some have even retired and remained in their host regions enjoying the multi-cultural environment. The current inquiry provides a timely case study of the meaningful diversity that is present among Taiwanese-Chinese permanent settlers, who are different from the transnational or circular migrants commonly found in the last three decades.
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Li, Jinrong. "Synchronous Text-Based Computer-Mediated Communication Tasks and the Development of L2 Academic Literacy." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2013010102.
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Studies on the use of synchronous text-based computer-mediated communication (SCMC) tasks have mostly focused on how they could be used to facilitate the learning of different aspects of a second language. Recent research from a functional perspective has suggested the need to examine the impact of SCMC tasks on the development of L2 academic literacy (Mohan & Luo, 2005). With the increase use of SCMC tasks in ESL writing and other content-based courses, it is necessary to examine the potential of SCMC tasks in facilitating the development of L2 academic literacy. Drawing on the approaches and findings from research on dialogic argumentation (e.g., Seibold & Meyers, 2007), the study examines the development in using argumentative moves in SCMC discourse for a group of three ESL students, and explores the differences between the group and one focal student from the group. The findings suggest that although both the group and the focal student have demonstrated a growing tendency of understanding and responding to others’ views, differences existed between the group and the focal student, indicating that SCMC tasks may help facilitate the development of L2 academic literacy. The differences between individual students may be an important factor and could be better understood by examining students’ learning experiences together with their perceptions of the tasks.
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Notícias, Transfer. "Noticias." Transfer 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/transfer.2008.3.50-52.
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Congreso:“PortlandStateInternational Conference on Translation Studies, Cross-cultural Communication, and Chinese Pedagogy”, Portland State University, Portland, OregonOct. 24-25, 2008Deadline for abstracts: May 30, 2008. Send abstracts to Dr. Meiru Liu at lium@pdx.edu or Dr. Xuanmin Luo at luoxm@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn For more information see the conference website at http://ci.oia.pdx.edu or http://www.tsinghua-translation.org.cn Congreso:"International Conference on Intercultural Studies" 9 December 2008, University of Oporto, Portugal. <http://www.iscap.ipp.pt/~cei/congresso.htm> Abstracts of papers in intercultural studies are invited to submit in Portuguese, English, French, German, or Spanish in 250 words and a bionote of 100 words by 15 June 2008 to <cei@iscap.ipp.pt>. Curso:“International Literary Translation Summer School”, The British Centre for Literary Translation.Registration is now open. For more information and registration details, please visit the BCLT website: www.uea.ac.uk/bclt. Revista:“TransLit” Volume 8, An Anthology of Literary Translation.The Literary Translation Collective of the Association of Translators and Interpreters of Alberta (ATIA) is producing the eighth volume of TransLit for publication in spring 2009, in co-operation with the Literary Translators’ Association of Canada (LTAC). TransLit Volume 8 is a special themed issue titled “Poetry and Short Stories of theAmericas”.Send your contribution by July 1st, 2008to Marc Charron and Luise von Flotow, editors of TransLit Volume 8 to the following address: Editors TransLit Volume 8 School of Translation and Interpretation University of Ottawa Arts Building, 4th Floor Ottawa, OntarioCANADAK1N 6N5 Curso:“CETRA 2008 Doctoral Summer Research Programme”, 18-29 August 2008, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. For the provisional programme and for the application procedure and other administrative information, please visit our website: http://www.kuleuven.be/cetra/Summer_School/summerschool.html http://www.kuleuven.be/cetra/programme/programme.html http://www.kuleuven.be/cetra/Summer_School/applicationprocedure.html For additional information: - please contact Reine Meylaerts, CETRA director (reine.meylaerts@arts.kuleuven.be) and/or Steven Dewallens (steven.dewallens@hubrussel.be) Curso:“2008 NidaSchoolfor Translation Studies”, Sept 8-20, 2008, Misano Adriatico (Rimini), Italy, www.istitutosanpellegrino.com/ssmlFor additional information, please contact Dulce Alvarado (DAlvarado@americanbible.org;
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Erlina Intantiana Eka, Rikardus Nasa, and Yanto Yanto. "Contrastive Analysis Between Lio Language And English (A Phonological View)." Fonologi : Jurnal Ilmuan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris 1, no. 4 (November 7, 2023): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/fonologi.v1i4.44.
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This ressearch discusses the comparison of two languages, namely Lio and English, with Lio as the regional language or language of origin and English as the target language. In this study limited the study to comparing how many vowels and consonants there are from each language, after researchers know the number of vowels and consonants present in Lio language researchers compare with vowels and consonants in English to find out where the similarities and differences between vowel phonemes and consonant phonemes from the two languages are located. In this study the author used a qualitative descriptive method with the aim of knowing the phonemes of vowels and consonants in Lio and English, then from the phonemes of vowels and consonants the author compared to find out the location of similarities and differences between the two languages, with the data collection technique used was to conduct interviews with local communities and the results of the interviews were recorded and analyzed by the author. From this study it can be seen that:: (1). There are 5 types of vowels, namely; a, I, u, e, o in Lio and English, (2) there are 20 types of consonants in Lio b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s,t,w and 24 consonants in English, namely; B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,W,X,Y,Z. (3) The difference between the two languages lies in the sound of speech and consonants. Different consonants are: consonants q, y, z, x, which exist in Lio besides that there are changes in pronunciation sounds in English vowels and consonants while in Lio language there can be no sound changes in both vowels and consonants. (4) The similarities between the two languages are vowels of both languages and some consonants4.
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Lin, Sherry. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Higher Education Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3." Higher Education Studies 8, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v8n3p113.
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Higher Education Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Higher Education Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to hes@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 3Ana-Cornelia Badea, Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, RomaniaAntonina Lukenchuk, National Louis University, USAArbabisarjou Azizollah, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, IranAusra Kazlauskiene, Siauliai University, LithuaniaÇelebi Uluyol, Gazi University, Turkey, TurkeyDonna Harp Ziegenfuss, The University of Utah, USADonna.Smith, The Open University, UKFirouzeh Sepehrian Azar, Orumieh University, IranGerard Hoyne, School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, AustraliaGregory S. Ching, Fu Jen Catholic University, TaiwanHermes Loschi, University of Campinas, Braziljames badger, University of North Georgia, USAJisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong KongJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, United KingdomJohn Lenon Ednave Agatep, AMA Computer College, PhilippinesLaid Fekih, University of Tlemcen Algeria, AlgeriaMichael John Maxel Okoche, Uganda Management Institute, UgandaNajia Sabir, Indiana University Bloomington, USANicos Souleles, Cyprus University of Technology, CyprusQing Xie, Jiangnan University, ChinaRanjit Kaur Gurdial Singh, The Kilmore International School, AustraliaSakiru Abiodun, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, NigeriaSandhya Rao Mehta, Sultan Qaboos University, IndiaSavitri Bevinakoppa, Melbourne Institute of Technology, AustraliaTeguh Budiharso, Center of Language and Culture Studies, IndonesiaVasiliki Brinia, Athens University of Economic and Business, GreeceYi Luo, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, USA
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Demiray, Burcu, Minxia Luo, and Matthew Grilli. "Sounds of Healthy Aging: Assessing Everyday Cognitive Activity From Real-Life Audio Data." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2119.
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Abstract The healthy aging model of the World Health Organization (2015) highlights the value of assessing and monitoring everyday activities in understanding health in old age. This symposium includes four studies that used the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a portable recording device that periodically collects sound snippets in everyday life, to assess various real-life cognitive activities in the context of healthy aging. The four studies collected over 100,000 sound snippets (30-seconds long) over a few days from young and older adults in the US and Switzerland. Participants’ speech in the sound snippets were transcribed and coded for different cognitive activity information. Specifically, Haas and Kliegel have investigated the “prospective memory paradox” by examining the commonality and differences in utterances about retrospective and prospective memory failure in young and older adults’ everyday conversations. Demiray and colleagues investigated the relation between autobiographical memory functions and conversation types in young and older adults in relation to well-being. Luo and colleagues have identified the compensatory function of real-world contexts in cognitive aging: Their study showed that older adults benefited from talking with their spouse in producing complex grammatical structures. Finally, Polsinelli and colleagues found robust associations between language markers (e.g., prepositions, more numbers) and executive functions, highlighting the potential use of spontaneous speech in predicting cognitive status in healthy older adults. Finally, Prof. Matthew Grilli will serve as a discussant and provide an integrative discussion of the papers, informed by his extensive work on clinical and cognitive neuroscience of memory in relation to real-life contexts.
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Li, Yaping. "Chinese and French traditions in Chen Qigang's Piano Concerto." PHILHARMONICA. International Music Journal, no. 3 (March 2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-613x.2023.3.43448.
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The subject of the research is the concerto for piano and orchestra "Erhuang" by the contemporary Chinese-French composer Chen Qigang (1951). The work, written in the mature period of the master's work, clearly demonstrates an artistically convincing synthesis of national and European musical traditions. Chinese influences are associated primarily with the reliance on the characteristic features of the Peking Opera jingju, French influences are due to the influence of the Impressionist style of Claude Debussy and the principles of musical writing by Olivier Messiaen, whose student was Chen Qigang. The main purpose of the study is to characterize the original features of the Erhuang concerto, due to the combination of influences from the Peking Opera and French music of the 20th century. The concert "Erhuang", one of the most repertoire works in the composer's heritage and a representative example of his style, is considered for the first time in Russian musicology. The main conclusions of the study: the national traditions of the Peking Opera are presented in the concert "Erhuang" on the modal modes (pentatonic scale of zhi), metro-rhythmic (patterns of luo gu dian zi), forma (traditional variations of banqiang ti) and timbre (imitation of the instruments of the Peking Opera ensemble and their tuning system) levels; French influences manifest themselves in a colorful harmonic palette (the influence of Debussy's musical language), as well as in the reception of Messiaen's technique (the theory of additional duration, the method of irregular increase and decrease in rhythm, the principle of motivic combinatorics, the sequential change of modes of limited transposition).
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Makeeva, Svetlana. "Problems of Uneven Development of China in the Works of Chinese Area Studies Scholars." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2019): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.1.20.
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Introduction. Based on the analysis of Chinese scholars’ works in the field of area studies, such problem as the uneven development of the territory of China has been identified. Intense social and economic transformations in China at the end of the 20th century influenced the emergence of regional problems, the solution of which was possible only through the competent regional policy of the Chinese leadership. As part of the study of regional disproportionality, Chinese researchers highlight the characteristic features inherent in each of the provinces and autonomous regions of the Northeast, North, East, Central South, South West and North West regions of China. These research are based on the study of economic agglomeration, regional division and features of regional management. Methods. On the basis of the method of logical analysis, the features of the formation of regional knowledge in China within the framework of borrowing the theoretical and methodological base of Western European and American science of the region have been determined. The use of a systematic approach in the analysis of Chinese-language scientific literature revealed one of the key problems in the field of national regional studies of China, namely the problem of uneven regional development of China. Analysis. Analysis of Chinese-language scientific literature allows the author to identify four main groups of reasons: geographical, historical, cultural, economic, underlying the disproportionate regional development of China. The author analyzes scientific articles and monographs of leading Chinese scholars published not only in China, but also in the United States. The works of Chinese authors Bao Yuan, Wang Xuanxuan, Wei Yehua, Li Zhuni, Luo Yu, Lu Zunhua, Wu Peng, Hu Zhaoliang, Zhang Wei, Chiang Lexiang contain a comprehensive analysis of the imbalance of the socioeconomic development of China’s regions. Results. Results of this paper can be summarized in the following points: the study of the causes of uneven development of the territory of China will allow to more objectively perceive the origins of modern domestic regional problems in China and identify the features of the use of the results of scientific work of Chinese scientists in the formation of regional policy to eliminate socio-economic disproportion in the development of China.
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Fluit, Arwen, Grace B. Wivell, and Fransiskus X. Mbete. "Lio kinship terminology." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 8, no. 1 (July 18, 2023): 5577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5577.
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This work focuses on kinship terms in Lio, an understudied Austronesian language spoken in Flores, Indonesia. We describe the Lio kinship terms and compare them to available data on other nearby Austronesian languages. Preliminary observations show examples of alternate generation terms which have not been discussed in previous literature. These alternate generation terms are also divided by gender, a quality that has not been discussed in the Central Flores languages literature.
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Faming, Manynooch. "Lao as a touch stone." Animation in Asia 23, no. 1 (April 8, 2013): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.23.1.07fam.
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The purpose of this article is to provide a specific case study of the contradictory discourses concerning Lao as the national language, as the official language, and as the medium of instruction. Through the diglossia framework or Lao as a touch stone, the article investigates how non-mainstream and ethnic minority students use the national language in comparison to their mother tongues and other languages at schools. The result shows that students often use their mother tongue and other non-national language to negotiate their social positions among the majority and the dominant groups.
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L., Manaljav, and Otgontuul T. "Lao Qida-ийн хятад эхийн хэлний онцлог." Mongolian Journal of Foreign Languages and Culture 24, no. 528 (February 12, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjflc.v24i528.1853.
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In this paper the objective is to show the peculiarities of the Chinese language of Lao Qida (or Nogeldai), the book was compiled during the period of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. The book was used as a textbook for teaching of foreign languages in Korea during Koryo Dynasty (1392-1910). Later on the Mongolian, Manchurian and other versions of the book have appeared. The main distinctive feature of the language of the book is the use of the colloquial Chinese language. This article describes some phonological, lexical and grammatical peculiarities of the Chinese language of Lao Qida. Our team of philologists is conducting a comparative study the Chinese, Mongolian and Manchurian versions of Lao Qida and the results of the study will be published within the framework of the project.
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Widodo, Mulyanto, Gede Eka Putrawan, and Ryzal Perdana. "How Is a Foreign Language Pronounced? A Case Study of Indonesian as a Foreign Language Among Speakers of Other Languages." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1401.24.
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Numerous studies have been conducted to ascertain the relationship between the first language (L1) and the second/foreign language (L2). However, it is unclear how vowels and consonants affect how a foreign language speaker pronounces Indonesian. Thus, the objective of this study was to ascertain the vowels and consonants of the Indonesian language that were incorrectly and correctly pronounced by Lao men and Japanese women. This study is descriptive qualitative in nature. Following data collection via audio recording, the collected data were analysed using a contrastive analysis. The study's findings indicate that certain speech sounds are both mispronounced and well-pronounced. The speech sounds /i/, /u/, /e/, /ə/, /a/, /p/, /b/, /m/, /d/, /n/, /r/, /l/, /t/, /h/, and /k/ were mispronounced by the Japanese participants; however, the speech sounds /i/, /u/, /ə/, /a/, /ʤ/, /n/, /t/, /g/, /p/, /k/, /r/, and /h/ were not pronounced correctly by the Lao participants.
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Rodrigues, Aryon Dall’Igna, and Jéssica Gomes de Gusmão da Silva. "Línguas Tupí em Rondônia e na Bolívia Oriental." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica 10, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v10i1.19060.
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Esse artigo foi originalmente publicado em Leo Wetzels. (Org.). Language endangerment and endangered languages: linguistic and anthropological studies with special emphasis on the languages nd cultures of the Andean-Amazonian border area.. 1ed.Leiden: CNWS Publications, 2007, v. 1, p. 355-363.
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Hakulinen, Auli, and Lea Laitinen. "Anaforinen nolla: Kielioppia ja affekteja." Virittäjä 112, no. 2 (January 2, 2008): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.23982/vir.40659.
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Anaphoric zero: Grammar and affect [myös suomeksi] (englanti)2/2008 (112)Anaphoric zero: Grammar and affectThe article examines the syntactic and semantic properties of the anaphoric zero in spoken and written Finnish. Referentially, the zero is equivalent to the third person pronoun hn he/she or he they. However, the writers started out with the hypothesis that this does not necessarily hold for other possible kinds of meaning conveyed by the two different devices, the anaphoric zero and anaphoric pronouns. In standardised written language the conditions for use of the zero are fairly clear cut: within a sentence it is mainly used as an anaphoric device, but in a subordinate clause that precedes the main clause it is also used as a forward-looking, anticipatory anaphor. In spoken language as well as in literary prose the syntactic conditions are more flexible. During the course of the research, it was the literary texts that proved especially fruitful for understanding the implications involved in the use of the anaphoric zero.In earlier work (e.g. Kalliokoski 1990; Heinonen 1995), it has been pointed out that the anaphoric zero typically ties two successive clauses together more tightly than a pronoun would. The writers are able to show that it does something else as well. In talk-in-interaction, it conveys the speakers commitment to and often affiliation with the previous speakers perspective and stance. In reported speech - both in spoken language and in literary dialogue - the zero can convey the speakers attitude concerning the thoughts of the person being referred to, for example irony and empathy.The writers argue that when the zero represents one alternative in a paradigm it is empty only in (morpho)syntactical terms, not in terms of meaning. Whether the speaker chooses a pronoun (hn or he) or a zero, he/she makes a rhetorical choice. The zero alternative creates implications, expressing the speakers affective stance and attitude in relation to the characters in the story, or his/her interpretation of the speech, thought or behaviour of the co-participant or the story character that he/she is quoting.It is striking that in more than 90 per cent of the 150 examples used, the verb is at the beginning of the utterance or turn. In the rest of the cases, the verb is often preceded by an epistemic adverb (varmaan definitely, tuskin hardly), or the utterance is formed as a fixed construction. The writers hypothesise that the grammar of the anaphoric zero should include verb initial position as one of its constitutive factors. This factor is typical both for co-ordinated and subordinated sentences of the standard written language that are governed by syntactic rules, and for the turn-initial expressions that arise from the speakers or narrators affective stance towards the matter at hand.Auli Hakulinen Lea Laitinen- - - - - - - - - - - -Anaforinen nolla: Kielioppia ja affektejaArtikkeli käsittelee anaforisen nollan syntaktisia ja semanttisia ominaisuuksia puhutussa ja kirjoitetussa suomessa. Referentiaalisesti nolla vastaa kolmannen persoonan pronomineja hän, he. Lähdimme kuitenkin siitä oletuksesta, että vastaavuus ei välttämättä koske niiden muita funktioita. Normitetussa kirjakielessä nollan käytön ehdot ovat jokseenkin selvät: virkkeen rajoissa se on anaforinen mutta päälausetta edeltävässä sivulauseessa myös eteenpäin katsova, ennakoiva anafora. Puhutussa kielessä samoin kuin kaunokirjallisessa proosassa anaforisen nollan syntaktiset ehdot ovat joustavammat. Varsinkin kaunokirjalliset tekstit osoittautuivat hedelmällisiksi yrittäessmme tutkimuksen kuluessa ymmrätää nollan käyttöön liittyviä implikaatioita. Aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa (Kalliokoski 1990, Heinonen 1995) on todettu, että anaforinen nolla sitoo kaksi perättäistä lausetta tiukemmin yhteen kuin pronomini. Omassa tutkimuksessamme voimme osoittaa sen tekevän muutakin. Keskustelupuheessa se välittää puhujan sitoutumista ja usein asettumista (affiliaatiota) edellisen puhujan perspektiiviin ja asennoitumiseen. Referoinnissa - niin vapaassa puheessa kuin kaunokirjallisessa dialogissakin - nolla voi tuoda esiin puhujan asennoitumisen puheenalaisen henkilön ajatuksiin, esimerkiksi ironisia tai empaattisia affekteja.Väitämme siis, että kun nolla on yksi paradigman vaihtoehdoista, se on tyhjä vain (morfo)syntaktisesti, ei merkitykseltään. Käyttää puhuja sitten pronominia hän, he tai nollaa, hän tekee retorisen valinnan. Nollavaihtoehto luo implikaatioita, ilmaisee puhujan affektia ja suhtautumista kertomuksen henkilöön tai tulkintaa referoimansa puhekumppanin tai kertomuksen henkilön puheesta, ajattelusta tai käyttäytymisestä.Huomiota herttää, että yli 90 %:ssa 150 esimerkistämme verbi on lausuman- tai vuoronalkuinen. Lopuissa tapauksista verbi edeltää usein episteeminen adverbi (varmaan, tuskin) tai lausumana on kiteytynyt konstruktio. Hypoteesimme on, että verbialkuisuus on anaforisen nollan kieliopin tärkeä piirre. Se on tyypillinen kirjoitetussa kielessä sekä rinnasteisille ja alisteisille virkkeille, joita säätelevät kirjakielen normit, että vuoronalkuisille ilmauksille, jotka ilmentävät puhujan tai kertojan affektista suhtautumista käsillä olevaan.
Auli Hakulinen Lea Laitinen
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Olnova, Margarita. "IMPACT FACTORS IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE FOR MOTHER LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OUTSIDE THE LANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT." Russian Journal of Multilingualism and Education 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2500-0748-2019-11-29-39.
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The research presents the results of the European project “Leo Effect. Learn from each other effectively” (2013-2015), which involved five schools-participants: “Alliance Russe” (Nice, France), “Centre de développement bilingue LOGOS” (Paris, France), “Centro de Lengua y Cultura Rusa A. Pushkin” (Barselona, Spain), “Multiculturele Stichting “Poesjkin” (Leiden, The Netherland) and “Senter for russisk språk og kultur” (Oslo, Norway). The study aimed at investigating the policy of multilingualism, represented in official documents of the European Union and analyzing actual opportunities for immigrants to study their mother language in Norway, France, the Netherlands and Spain. The research is relevant as it provides a brief overview of the language policy of the European Union, and in particular Norway, France, the Netherlands and Spain, and analyses the existing opportunities for immigrants (or children of immigrants) to learn their native language in a new country of residence. In addition, it presents an analysis of the demand for knowledge of different languages (including Russian) in European countries. Research methods included analysis of the legal documents regulating the language policy, analysis of educational programmes in educational institutions of the country, questionnaires of students from the schools participating in the Leo “Effect. Learn from each other effectively,” monitoring of the labour market for the demand for knowledge of different languages (Russian, in particular). As a result of the project “Leo Effect. Learn from each other effectively” the external factors affecting acquisition of the mother tongue outside the language environment were studied. These factors include: the official language policy of the state governing the teaching of the mother tongue, the existing opportunities for learning the mother tongue in the country, the demand for knowledge of different languages on labor market, and the popularity of a particular language in a particular state. The study showed that the education of a multilingual citizen in Europe is basically a family task. State educational institutions do not provide enough support in the issue of teaching the mother tongue and reading and writing in the mother tongue are usually taught by commercial or non-profit organizations created by the immigrants themselves.
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Hennecke, Angelika. "Sprachenvielfalt und Sprachenpolitik in Kolumbien: das Projekt der Ethnischen Bildung." Linguistik Online 119, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.119.9505.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with the linguistic situation in Colombia. In addition to its enormous biological and geographical diversity, Colombia also has an astonishing number of autochthonous languages that still exist. In total, there are 65 indigenous languages, two Creole languages and the Romani of the Roma community. First, the status quo of these languages is outlined. Special attention is given to language policy and language maintenance, because the current legally protected rights of the indigenous peoples, also with regard to the use of their own languages, required a longstanding struggle. The most important stages of this development are outlined, starting with the constitution of 1991. The project of ethnic education, initiated in 1985, is an outstanding example for all of Latin America with regard to an inclusive language and cultural policy. The most important milestones of this development are briefly discussed. The long way to achieving equal participation of the autochthonous peoples, the protection and preservation of their languages is not over yet. For this reason, the article concludes with a look at the latest language and cultural policy project, the Ten-Year Plan for Native Languages in Colombia, which will set the guidelines for language policy between 2022 and 2032.