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Journal articles on the topic 'Lurgi fixed–bed gasifier'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Phiciato, Phiciato, Ika Monika, and Arie Hardian. "Heat Treatment of Pitch Obtained from Atmospheric Fixed-Bed Coal Gasification." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.31731.

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A medium temperature pitch obtained from atmospheric fixed-bed gasifier was distilled at a various time (1, 2, 3 and 4 h) to induce polymerization and the results were compared with a commercial pitch. Aromaticity level of pitches was examined using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DSC). Longer heating time promoted lower moisture content, lower residue yield, higher insoluble fractions, as well as higher ash and carbon content. Although prolonged heat treatments lead to higher aromatization, there was no significant change in aromatization for heat treatment longer than 1 h. The index of aromaticity measured by using elemental analysis was ranged between 0.47 to 1.01, while the result from FTIR spectra showed stagnant value at 0.52. These values were slightly higher than that of pressurized Sasol-Lurgi gasification pitch (0.27).
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2

Keyser, M. J., and J. C. van Dyk. "Full scale Sasol/Lurgi fixed bed test gasifier project: experimental design and test results." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, no. 4 (July 2002): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)86178-1.

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3

He, Chang, Xiao Feng, and Khim Hoong Chu. "Process modeling and thermodynamic analysis of Lurgi fixed-bed coal gasifier in an SNG plant." Applied Energy 111 (November 2013): 742–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.045.

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4

Mangena, S. J., J. R. Bunt, F. B. Waanders, and G. Baker. "Identification of reaction zones in a commercial Sasol-Lurgi fixed bed dry bottom gasifier operating on North Dakota lignite." Fuel 90, no. 1 (January 2011): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.08.013.

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5

Bunt, J. R., and F. B. Waanders. "Trace element behaviour in the Sasol-Lurgi fixed-bed dry-bottom gasifier. Part 3 – The non-volatile elements: Ba, Co, Cr, Mn, and V." Fuel 89, no. 3 (March 2010): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.04.018.

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6

Mohammad, Mahardika Azis. "Pengujian fixed bed gasifier dengan bahan bakar biomassa." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36289/jtmi.v14i1.107.

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7

Bissett, Larry A., and Larry D. Strickland. "Analysis of a fixed-bed gasifier IGCC configuration." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 30, no. 1 (January 1991): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00049a025.

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8

Almeida, Ana, Albina Ribeiro, Elisa Ramalho, and Rosa Pilão. "Crude glycerol gasification in a fixed bed gasifier." Energy Procedia 153 (October 2018): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.10.060.

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9

Ryzhiy, I. A., A. V. Shtegman, A. N. Tugov, D. A. Sirotin, M. M. Gutnik, E. A. Fomenko, D. V. Sosin, et al. "Pilot Tests of a Fixed-Bed Coal Gasifier." Thermal Engineering 68, no. 6 (June 2021): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601521060082.

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10

Warnecke, Ragnar. "Gasification of biomass: comparison of fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifier." Biomass and Bioenergy 18, no. 6 (June 2000): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0961-9534(00)00009-x.

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11

YASUDA, Hajime, Yoshizo SUZUKI, Shohei SAKAI, Takaaki WAJIMA, and Hideki NAKAGOME. "Adaptability of Wood Biomass to Fixed Bed Gasifier Controlling Bed Height." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 95, no. 4 (2016): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.95.296.

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12

Skhonde, M. Pat, R. Henry Matjie, J. Reginald Bunt, A. Christien Strydom, and Herold Schobert. "Sulfur Behavior in the Sasol−Lurgi Fixed-Bed Dry-Bottom Gasification Process." Energy & Fuels 23, no. 1 (January 22, 2009): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef800613s.

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13

Ismail, Tamer M., Mingliang Shi, Jianliang Xu, Xueli Chen, Fuchen Wang, and M. Abd El-Salam. "Assessment of coal gasification in a pressurized fixed bed gasifier using an ASPEN plus and Euler–Euler model." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 3 (September 2020): 516–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00361-w.

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Abstract With the help of Aspen Plus, a two-dimensional unsteady CFD model is developed to simulate the coal gasification process in a fixed bed gasifier. A developed and validated two dimensional CFD model for coal gasification has been used to predict and assess the viability of the syngas generation from coal gasification employing the updraft fixed bed gasifier. The process rate model and the sub-model of gas generation are determined. The particle size variation and char burning during gasification are also taken into account. In order to verify the model and increase the understanding of gasification characteristics, a set of experiments and numerical comparisons have been carried out. The simulated results in the bed are used to predict the composition of syngas and the conversion of carbon. The model proposed in this paper is a promising tool for simulating the coal gasification process in a fixed bed gasifier.
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14

YAMAMOTO, Hidetoshi, Keigo IWABUCHI, Shintaro KIMURA, Manabu NAGASE, and Masayoshi SADAKATA. "Optimum Conditions for Gasification in Dual Fixed Bed Gasifier." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 86, no. 4 (2007): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.86.265.

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15

Beedie, D., N. Syred, and T. O'Doherty. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Small Fixed-Bed Gasifier Stove." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 210, no. 1 (February 1996): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_006_02.

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This paper describes work directed at characterizing the dynamic behaviour of a small gasifying fixed-bed biomass stove. The system comprises a primary gasification chamber, followed by a multi-stage secondary combustor which can allow for the considerable variation in quantity and calorific value of fuel gas produced by forming a series of flamelets which move along the length of the secondary combustor as a function of the local mixture ratio. The typical cycle time is about 60 minutes and once warmed up the unit is capable of operating with low emissions, providing appropriate guidelines are followed. Correlation of temperature and gas concentration measurements on the unit with velocity and flow visualization measurements on a perspex model of the secondary combustor show that improvements can be made to the flow patterns in the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber by reducing the size and shape of the recirculation zones formed and revising the location of the mid-section secondary air inlet. Control of the system is indicated using a simple measurement of temperature in the secondary combustor to determine appropriate air supply rates.
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16

Luckos, Adam, and John R. Bunt. "Pressure-drop predictions in a fixed-bed coal gasifier." Fuel 90, no. 3 (March 2011): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.020.

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17

Hsi, Chih-Lun, Tzong-Yuan Wang, Chien-Hsiung Tsai, Ching-Yuan Chang, Chiu-Hao Liu, Yao-Chung Chang, and Jing-T. Kuo. "Characteristics of an Air-Blown Fixed-Bed Downdraft Biomass Gasifier." Energy & Fuels 22, no. 6 (November 19, 2008): 4196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef800026x.

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18

OSHIMA, Yuji, Hideki NAKAGOME, Hajime YASUDA, and Yoshizo SUZUKI. "E113 Gasification of wood biomass with pressurized fixed bed gasifier." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2012.17 (2012): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2012.17.159.

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19

Eliraison Moshi, Robert, Thomas Thomas Kivevele, and Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande. "Experimental Study of a Lab Scale Hybrid Fixed Bed Gasifier." American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 3, no. 2 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190504.12.

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20

Boswell, David R., Clint W. Williford, and James E. Clemmer. "Steam gasification of Mississippi Lignite in a fixed bed gasifier." Fuel Processing Technology 18, no. 1 (March 1988): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3820(88)90072-0.

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21

Yasuda, Hajime, and Takahiro Murakami. "Visualization of solid distribution with heterogeneity inside fixed bed gasifier." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 22, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01047-w.

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22

Anis, Samsudin, Benny Nugroho, and Adhi Kusumastuti. "Design and Preliminary Testing of a Small-Scale Throatless Fixed-Bed Downdraft Gasifier Fueled With Sengon Wood Block." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 80, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.80.1.112.

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The aims of this study are to design and to find out the performance of a throatless fixed bed downdraft gasifier. This gasifier was used to convert sengon wood block from furniture waste into gas fuel called producer gas that is beneficial for green energy production to substitute the fossil fuel. The gasifier was designed to have a thermal power of 30 kWth with double wall/tube and air as the gasifying medium. Sengon wood block with a size of about 5-8 m3 and moisture content of 10 % was used as the feedstock. The gasifier was tested at various equivalence ratio ranging from 0.18 to 0.28. In this work, the performance of the gasifier was evaluated by observing the temperature profile, flame condition, fuel consumption rate, specific gasification rate, and the amount of solid residue. The results showed that the designed gasifier had a diameter of 22 cm for the inner tube and 32 cm for the outer tube with a gasifier height of 100 cm. It was found that the equivalence ratio highly influenced the gasifier performance. Fuel consumption rate and specific gasification rate increased with the increase of equivalence ratio. In the meantime, the amount of solid residue appeared to be reduced because of high gasification rate. Under the condition investigated, the best gasifier performance was obtained at an equivalence ratio of 0.28 indicated by the stability of the flame during gasification process that is in accordance to the gasifier design parameters.
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23

Harahap, Muslim Efendi, and Endro Wahju Tjahjono. "KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PROSES PEMBUATAN GAS SINTETIK DARI BATUBARA DAN PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN PADA INDUSTRI HILIRNYA = TECHNOLOGY REVIEW PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC GAS FROM COAL UTILIZATION AND PROSPECT IN DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRIES." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v10i1.104.

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AbstractPotential coal reserves in Indonesia are very abundant, but which became the key issue is the utilization in Indonesia is still not optimal. One alternative to use the coal is by converting it into synthetic gas (syngas), containing primarily hydrogen (H2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). To create synthetic gas from coal there are 4 kinds of process technology known in the world, i.e. Fixed-bed gasifier, Fluidized-bed gasifier, Entrained-bed gasifier and Molten bath gasifier. There are 3 types of chemical industry to take advantage of this synthetic gas as an alternative of their raw materials i.e., methanol, formic acid and ammonia industry. Currently they use natural gas as raw material. The more widespread use of natural gas for a variety of needs can disrupt the natural gas supply for these industries in the future. Therefore, this synthetic gas can be used as an alternative of raw material supply for these three types of chemical industry in the future. AbstrakPotensi cadangan batubara di Indonesia sangat melimpah, namun yang menjadi isu utama adalah pemanfaatannya di Indonesia masih belum optimal. Salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan batubara tersebut adalah dengan mengkonversi batubara tersebut menjadi gas sintetik (syngas) yang kandungan utamanya adalah Hidrogen (H2) dan Karbon Monoksida (CO). Untuk membuat gas sintetik dari batubara ini ada 4 macam teknologi proses yang telah dikenal di dunia yaitu Fixed-bed gasifier, Fluidized-bed gasifier, Entrained-bed gasifier dan Molten bath gasifier. Ada 3 jenis industri kimia yang dapat memanfaatkan gas sintetik ini sebagai alternatif bahan bakunya yaitu industri metanol, industri asam formiat dan industri amonia. Saat ini mereka menggunakan gas alam sebagai bahan bakunya. Semakin meluasnya penggunaan gas alam untuk berbagai macam kebutuhan dapat menyebabkan pasokan gas alam untuk ketiga jenis industri ini terganggu di kemudian hari. Oleh karena itu gas sintetik ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pasokan bahan baku untuk ketiga jenis industri kimia tersebut kedepannya.
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24

Wang, Ming Yung, and Hsiao Kang Ma. "Numerical Study of Solid Biomass Fuel in a Gasifier System." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.191.

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In this study, the gasification processes of different Taiwan’s agriculture wastes were studied by using software of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which developed by American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to build a model of downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Details of the operation condition for the Taiwan’s agriculture waste biomass fuel in the gasifier were obtained. They include traction fan speed, leakage air, internal temperature, moisture, and cold gas efficiency. The simulated results are found in small type fixed bed biomass gasifier under traction fan initial speed is 0.2m/s, the leakage air in the gasification area is less than 10% of the amount of wind quantity by traction fan and moisture content of solid biomass is limited at 10% ~ 20%(vol.) that temperature in gasification zone with steady supply fuel gas condition is near 850~900°C.
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25

Mandl, C., I. Obernberger, and F. Biedermann. "Modelling of an updraft fixed-bed gasifier operated with softwood pellets." Fuel 89, no. 12 (December 2010): 3795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.014.

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26

Cerone, Nadia, Francesco Zimbardi, Luca Contuzzi, Jakov Baleta, Damijan Cerinski, and Raminta Skvorčinskienė. "Experimental investigation of syngas composition variation along updraft fixed bed gasifier." Energy Conversion and Management 221 (October 2020): 113116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113116.

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27

Niu, Miaomiao, Yaji Huang, Baosheng Jin, and Xinye Wang. "Oxygen Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste in a Fixed-bed Gasifier." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 22, no. 9 (September 2014): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2014.06.026.

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28

Ongen, Atakan, H. Kurtulus Ozcan, and Emine E. Ozbas. "Gasification of biomass and treatment sludge in a fixed bed gasifier." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, no. 19 (May 2016): 8146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.159.

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29

Saravanakumar, A., Mathew J. Hagge, T. M. Haridasan, and Kenneth M. Bryden. "Numerical modelling of a fixed bed updraft long stick wood gasifier." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 10 (October 2011): 4248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.07.012.

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30

Pakavechkul, Sukrit, Prapan Kuchonthara, and Suchada Butnark. "Effect of Steam on Syngas Production in New-Designed Dual-Bed Gasifier." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1125.

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In this research, the effect of steam on synthetic fuel production from sawdust in new-designed dual-bed gasification was studied. The dual-bed gasification reactor composed of bubbling/fast fluidized bed combustor and fixed bed gasifier (pyrolysis included) was designed to produce syngas (CO + H2 + CO2 and CH4). The results showed that syngas produced by the dual-bed gasifier with higher steam/carbon ratio also had higher H2 content. In theory, the various reactions expected to occur in the gasification process were boudouard, water-gas and water-gas shift, methanation and steam reforming. Since the operating temperature was only 500-600°C that the steam reformation of methane was desperately to occur due to its endothermic, then CH4 formation still were found. Producer gas from the new gasifier had relatively high quality in terms of heating value per a unit volume compared to other conventional gasifiers. This can be used directly as good gaseous fuel. However, the product gas was not likely served as precursor in chemical industries due to its still low H2/CO ratio and high CH4 concentration.
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31

Lin, Jeng-Chyan Muti. "Combination of a Biomass Fired Updraft Gasifier and a Stirling Engine for Power Production." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 1 (July 20, 2006): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424963.

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Biomass is the largest renewable energy source used in the world and its importance grows larger in the future energy market. Since most biomass sources are low in energy density and are widespread in space, a small scale biomass conversion system is therefore more competitive than a large stand-alone conversion plant. The current study proposes a small scale solid biomass powering system to explore the viability of direct coupling of an updraft fixed bed gasifier with a Stirling engine. The modified updraft fixed bed gasifier employs an embedded combustor inside the gasifier to fully combust the syngas generated by the gasifier. The flue gas produced by the syngas combustion inside the combustion tube is piped directly to the heater head of the Stirling engine. The engine will then extract and convert the heat contained in the flue gas into electricity automatically. Output depends on heat input and the heat input is proportional to the flow rate and temperature of the flue gas. The preliminary study of the proposed direct coupling of an updraft gasifier with a 25kW Stirling engine demonstrates that full power output could be produced by the current system. It could be found from the current investigation that very little attention and no assisting fuel are required to operate the current system. The proposed system could be considered as a feasible solid biomass powering technology.
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32

Verdeza-Villalobos, Arnaldo, Yuhan Arley Lenis-Rodas, Antonio José Bula-Silvera, Jorge Mario Mendoza-Fandiño, and Rafael David Gómez-Vásquez. "Performance analysis of a commercial fixed bed downdraft gasifier using palm kernel shells." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 9, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.181.

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This work analyzes the use of palm kernel shells (PKS) produced by the Colombian palm oil mill industry, for purposes of fueling a commercial downdraft fixed bed gasifier (Ankur Scientific WGB- 20) designed to operate with wood chips. Operational parameters such as hopper shaking time, ash removal time, and airflow were varied in order to get the highest gasifier performance, computed as the ratio between producer gas chemical energy over biomass feeding energy. Experiments were carried out following a half fraction experimental design 24-1. Since these parameters affect the equivalence ratio (ER), behavior indicators were analyzed as a function of ER. It was found that the shaking time and airflow had a significant effect on higher-heating-value (HHV) and process efficiency, while the removal time is not significant. The highest performance for palm shell was reached at ER=0.35, where the resulting gas HHV and process efficiencies were 5.04 MJ/Nm3 and 58%, respectively.
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33

Musinguzi, Wilson B., Mackay A. E. Okure, Adam Sebbit, Terese Løvås, and Izael da Silva. "Thermodynamic Modeling of Allothermal Steam Gasification in a Downdraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1782–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1782.

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A process of converting a solid carbonaceous fuel into a gaseous energy carrier in presence of a gasifying medium at high temperature is called gasification. The resulting gaseous energy carrier, known as producer gas, is more versatile in its use than the original solid fuel. Gasification is widely considered as a more efficient and less polluting initial thermochemical upstream process of converting biomass to electricity. The objective of this study was to investigate the process of allothermal steam gasification in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier for improved quality (HHV, high hydrogen content) of the producer gas generated. The study involved thermodynamic equilibrium modeling based on equilibrium approach in which the concentrations of the gaseous components in the producer gas at equilibrium temperature are determined based on balancing the moles in the overall gasification equation. The results obtained suggest that the maximum equilibrium yield of producer gas with high energy density is attained at a gasification temperature of around 820°C and a steam/biomass ratio of 0.825 mol/mol. The equilibrium yield was richer in hydrogen at 52.23%vol, and with a higher heating value of 11.6 MJ/Nm3. Preliminary validation of the model results using experimental data from literature shows a close relationship. The study has further shown the advantage of using steam as a gasifying medium towards the improved quality of the producer gas generated.
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34

Forero-Núñez, Carlos Andrés, and Fabio Emiro Sierra-Vargas. "Heat Losses Analysis Using Infrared Thermography on a Fixed Bed Downdraft Gasifier." International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v10i4.8935.

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35

Midilli, Adnan, Murat Dogru, Galip Akay, and Colin R. Howarth. "Hydrogen production from sewage sludge via a fixed bed gasifier product gas." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 27, no. 10 (October 2002): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(02)00011-3.

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36

Yang, Weihong, Anna Ponzio, Carlos Lucas, and Wlodzimierz Blasiak. "Performance analysis of a fixed-bed biomass gasifier using high-temperature air." Fuel Processing Technology 87, no. 3 (February 2006): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.08.004.

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37

Chen, Guanyi, Xiang Guo, Zhanjun Cheng, Beibei Yan, Zeng Dan, and Wenchao Ma. "Air gasification of biogas-derived digestate in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier." Waste Management 69 (November 2017): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.001.

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38

Chung‐Yin Tsai, Johnny, Hong G. Im, Taig‐Young Kim, and Jaeho Kim. "Computational modeling of pyrolysis and combustion in a fixed‐bed waste gasifier." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 22, no. 8 (October 26, 2012): 949–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09615531211271808.

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39

Mikulandrić, Robert, Dorith Böhning, Rene Böhme, Lieve Helsen, Michael Beckmann, and Dražen Lončar. "Dynamic modelling of biomass gasification in a co-current fixed bed gasifier." Energy Conversion and Management 125 (October 2016): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.067.

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40

Jahromi, Reza, Mahdi Rezaei, Seyed Hashem Samadi, and Hossein Jahromi. "Biomass gasification in a downdraft fixed-bed gasifier: Optimization of operating conditions." Chemical Engineering Science 231 (February 2021): 116249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.116249.

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41

Endro Wahju T., Moch. Ismail, M.Tandirenung, Derina P., Abdul Ghofar, Rudy S. Sitorus, Erbert F. "SIMULASI DAN ESTIMASI KEBUTUHAN ENERGI SISTEM GASIFIER DENGAN BAHAN BAKU BATUBARA SUMSEL DAN KALSEL." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v11i1.2094.

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Batubara yang melimpah di Indonesia dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakualternatif untuk industri petrokimia. Namun demikian, diperlukan teknologipengolahan yang tepat supaya dapat digunakan secara optimal sesuai dengankarakteristik batubara yang ada di Indonesia. Salah satu teknologi pengolahanbatubara adalah gasifikasi untuk menghasilkan synthetic gas (syngas). Terdapatbeberapa jenis teknologi gasifikasi antara lain Fixed Bed, Fludized Bed, danEntrained Bed. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari keunggulan dari masing-masingteknologi dari segi kebutuhan energi, produk syngas, biaya modal, dan biayaoperasional proses ysng disimulasikan dengan menggunakan aspen plus. Sampelbatubara yang digunakan dalam simulasi ini berasal dari empat daerah di wilayahpotensial penghasil batubara yakni dua daerah di wilayah Sumatera Selatan(Keluang dan Babat Tomang) dan dua daerah di wilayah Kalimantan Selatan(Pendopo dan Sebuku). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknologiyang sesuai dengan karakteristik batubara Indonesia adalah teknologi fluidized beddan entrained bed. Di mana untuk teknologi fluidized bed membutuhkan energilebih rendah walaupun syngas yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit serta modal dan biayaoperasional yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan entrained bed dan fixed bed.Sedangkan untuk teknologi entrained bed menghasilkan syngas yang lebih banyakdan ramah lingkungan walaupun teknologi ini membutuhkan energi yang lebihtinggi.
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42

Luo, Hao, Lukasz Niedzwiecki, Amit Arora, Krzysztof Mościcki, Halina Pawlak-Kruczek, Krystian Krochmalny, Marcin Baranowski, et al. "Influence of Torrefaction and Pelletizing of Sawdust on the Design Parameters of a Fixed Bed Gasifier." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13113018.

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Gasification of biomass in fixed bed gasifiers is a well-known technology, with its origins dating back to the beginning of 20th century. It is a technology with good prospects, in terms of small scale, decentralized power co-generation. However, the understanding of the process is still not fully developed. Therefore, assessment of the changes in the design of a gasifier is typically performed with extensive prototyping stage, thus introducing significant cost. This study presents experimental results of gasification of a single pellet and bed of particles of raw and torrefied wood. The procedure can be used for obtaining design parameters of a fixed bed gasifier. Results of two suits of experiments, namely pyrolysis and CO2 gasification are presented. Moreover, results of pyrolysis of pellets are compared against a numerical model, developed for thermally thick particles. Pyrolysis time, predicted by model, was in good agreement with experimental results, despite some differences in the time when half of the initial mass was converted. Conversion times for CO2 gasification were much longer, despite higher temperature of the process, indicating importance of the reduction reactions. Overall, the obtained results could be helpful in developing a complete model of gasification of thermally thick particles in a fixed bed.
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Koeshardono, Fachri. "MODIFICATION OF HAND HOLE VALVE IN 10 KG CAPACITY MINI GASIFIER MACHINE." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 9, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v9i2.8156.

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Coal is one of the fossil fuels generally is that sedimentary rocks can ignite, formed from organic deposits. Along with the depletion of reserves of fossil energy sources, there is a coal energy conversion technology that is the gasification process. Gasification is a thermos-chemical conversion process from solid material to gas fuel that can be used for various needs. Tools for the gasification process are called gasifiers, one type of which is a fixed bed gasifier. A fixed bed gasifier is a gasification system using a number of solid fuels (coal / biomass) through which air and gas can pass either up or down. This type is the simplest type used on a small scale, this gasifier tool is usually small and often called a mini gasifier. Generally, there are major gasifier mini parts namely; hopper, reactor, water storage, steam drum, cyclone separator, spliter, and blower. Mini gasifier has a problem in the hand hole valve which is in the reactor section where the hand hole valve is difficult to open and close or impractical because it uses as many as eight bolts so that the alignment of the bolt so that the bias is closed tightly, it is necessary to improvise a new design on the hand hole valve deal with the problem. Two alternative designs were made to determine the right solution, design A in the form of an acetyline gas valve and design B in the form of a modification of the valve that was pre-installed on the reactor. Hand hole B valve design was chosen as a solution to handle this problem.
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44

Jangsawang, Woranuch. "Performance testing of a downdraft biomass gasifier stove for cooking applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820404011.

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A down draft biomass gasifier stove with four steps of cleaning gas system was developed to produce the producer gas for replacing LPG for cooking applications in lunch project for the student in rural school area. This project has been implemented at Bangrakam primary school that located at Pitsanuloke Province, Thailand. The biomass fuels used are Mimosa wood twigs. The gasifier stove was developed based on down draft fixed bed gasifier with the maximum fuel capacity of fourteen kilograms. The performance testing of the biomass gasifier stove showed that the heating value of the producer gas is 4.12 MJ/Nm3 with the thermal efficiency in the percentage of 85.49. The results from this study imply that it has high potential to replace LPG with producer gas.
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Begum, Sharmina, Mohammad Rasul, Delwar Akbar, and Naveed Ramzan. "Performance Analysis of an Integrated Fixed Bed Gasifier Model for Different Biomass Feedstocks." Energies 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2013): 6508–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en6126508.

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46

Poudel, Jeeban, Hyeok Jin Kim, You Min Lee, Jae Hoi Gu, and Sea Cheon Oh. "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasifier for Waste Gasification." Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 37, no. 5 (July 31, 2020): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2020.37.5.225.

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47

Poudel, Jeeban, Hyeok Jin Kim, You Min Lee, Jae Hoi Gu, and Sea Cheon Oh. "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasifier for Waste Gasification." Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 37, no. 05 (July 31, 2020): 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2020.37.5.354.

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Forero-Núñez, Carlos Andrés, Santiago Ramirez-Rubio, and Fabio Emiro Sierra-Vargas. "Analysis of Charcoal Gasification on a Downdraft Fixed Bed Gasifier by CFD Modeling." International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 9, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v9i4.6283.

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Na, Jae Ik, So Jin Park, Yong Koo Kim, Jae Goo Lee, and Jae Ho Kim. "Characteristics of oxygen-blown gasification for combustible waste in a fixed-bed gasifier." Applied Energy 75, no. 3-4 (July 2003): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(03)00041-2.

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Saravanakumar, A., T. M. Haridasan, and Thomas B. Reed. "Flaming pyrolysis model of the fixed bed cross draft long-stick wood gasifier." Fuel Processing Technology 91, no. 6 (June 2010): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.01.016.

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