Relevant bibliographies by topics / LWC

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'LWC'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'LWC.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "LWC"

1

Han, Lie-Bao, Gui-Long Song, and Xunzhong Zhang. "Preliminary Observations on Physiological Responses of Three Turfgrass Species to Traffic Stress." HortTechnology 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.1.139.

Full text
Abstract:
Traffic stress causes turfgrass injury and soil compaction but the underlying physiological mechanisms are not well documented. The objectives of this study were to investigate the physiological responses of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), and japanese zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) to three levels of traffic stress during the growing season under simulated soccer traffic conditions. Relative leaf water content (LWC), shoot density, leaf chlorophyll concentration (LCC), membrane permeability, and leaf antioxidant peroxidase (POD) activity were measured once per month. The traffic stress treatments caused a reduction in LWC, shoot density, LCC, and POD activity, and an increase in cell membrane permeability in all three species. Japanese zoysiagrass had less electrolyte leakage, and higher POD activity and shoot density than both kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue. The results suggest that turfgrass tolerance to traffic stress may be related to leaf antioxidant activity. Turfgrass species or cultivars with higher leaf antioxidant activity may be more tolerant to traffic stress than those with lower antioxidant activity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Chiadighikaobi, Ikenna Rene, and Nurliza Katuk. "A Scoping Study on Lightweight Cryptography Reviews in IoT." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 2(Suppl.) (June 20, 2021): 0989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.2(suppl.).0989.

Full text
Abstract:
The efforts in designing and developing lightweight cryptography (LWC) started a decade ago. Many scholarly studies in literature report the enhancement of conventional cryptographic algorithms and the development of new algorithms. This significant number of studies resulted in the rise of many review studies on LWC in IoT. Due to the vast number of review studies on LWC in IoT, it is not known what the studies cover and how extensive the review studies are. Therefore, this article aimed to bridge the gap in the review studies by conducting a systematic scoping study. It analyzed the existing review articles on LWC in IoT to discover the extensiveness of the reviews and the topics covered. The results of the study suggested that many review studies are classified as overview-types of review focusing on generic LWC. Further, the topics of the reviews mainly focused on symmetric block cryptography, while limited reviews were found on asymmetric-key and hash in LWC. The outcomes of this study revealed that the reviews in LWC in IoT are still in their premature stage and researchers are encouraged to explore by conducting review studies in the less-attended areas. An extensive review of studies that cover these two topics is deemed necessary to establish a balance of scholarly works in LWC for IoT and encourage more empirical research in the area.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Goldberg, Stuart L., Dhakshila Paramanathan, Srikesh Arunajadai, Victoria DeVincenzo, Ruth Pe Benito, Brooke Gruman, Sukhi Kaur, et al. "Predictive value of the patient reported outcome “living with cancer” instrument on overall survival in advanced cancer patients: A tool for guiding timing of palliative care consultations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 10025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.10025.

Full text
Abstract:
10025 Background: The Living with Cancer (LWC) patient reported outcome (PRO) instrument evaluates distress from the point of view of the advanced cancer pt. The 7-item Likert survey measures 4 personhood domains (performance status, pain, burden [financial and family], depression) with scores ranging 0-112. In a pilot study of 433 cancer pts at a single center a score of >28 was associated with an increased likelihood of physician’s (blinded) opinion of need for end-of-life care discussions ( J Palliative Med 2016). Methods: The LWC instrument is a statistically validated PRO (ASCO Palliative Care Symposium 2016). LWC was administered to 1024 cancer pts receiving non-curative therapy at 7 centers (Regional Cancer Care Associates, NJ) from Sept 2015 - Oct 2016. LWC surveys were linked to the Cota database, which extracts and enriches data from EHRs. Date of survey was used as the start point in time-to-event analysis. Results: 290 (28%) pts expired during the study (median f/u 9.9 months). 267 (26%) pts exceeded the threshold score of 28 defined in the pilot set (28 was also independently this study’s optimal cut point). Pts with an LWC score >28 had inferior 6 and 12 mo overall survival (69% and 54%) vs pts with scores <29 (88% and 73%) (log rank p<0.001). A Cox model demonstrated that LWC score and cancer type were significant (LWC: p<0.001, cancer types (compared to B): GI p<0.001, GU: p=0.013, T: p<0.001, M: p=0.334) A one point score increase in LWC resulted in a 1.8% increase in expected hazard. Among solid tumor pts with LWC >28, 20% died within the next 3 mo and 35% died within the next 6 mo, indicating appropriate timing for hospice and palliative care consults, respectively. Conclusions: Pt responses to the LWC instrument predict survival among advanced cancer pts and may be useful in guiding timing of palliative care consultations. [Table: see text]
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Junttila, S., M. Vastaranta, R. Linnakoski, J. Sugano, H. Kaartinen, A. Kukko, M. Holopainen, H. Hyyppä, and J. Hyyppä. "MEASURING LEAF WATER CONTENT USING MULTISPECTRAL TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W3 (October 19, 2017): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w3-81-2017.

Full text
Abstract:
Climate change is increasing the amount and intensity of disturbance events, i.e. drought, pest insect outbreaks and fungal pathogens, in forests worldwide. Leaf water content (LWC) is an early indicator of tree stress that can be measured remotely using multispectral terrestrial laser scanning (MS-TLS). LWC affects leaf reflectance in the shortwave infrared spectrum which can be used to predict LWC from spatially explicit MS-TLS intensity data. Here, we investigated the relationship between LWC and MS-TLS intensity features at 690&amp;thinsp;nm, 905&amp;thinsp;nm and 1550&amp;thinsp;nm wavelengths with Norway spruce seedlings in greenhouse conditions. We found that a simple ratio of 905&amp;thinsp;nm and 1550&amp;thinsp;nm wavelengths was able to explain 84&amp;thinsp;% of the variation (R2) in LWC with a respective prediction accuracy of 0.0041&amp;thinsp;g/cm<sup>2</sup>. Our results showed that MS-TLS can be used to estimate LWC with a reasonable accuracy in environmentally stable conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Takahashi, Tsuneya. "Influence of Liquid Water Content and Temperature on the Form and Growth of Branched Planar Snow Crystals in a Cloud." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (October 29, 2014): 4127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0043.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract How liquid water content (LWC) and temperature affect the growth of branched planar snow crystals is poorly understood. To address this issue, a vertical supercooled cloud tunnel was used to grow 167 individual snow crystals for 10 min under nearly constant conditions. The LWC varied within 0.07–0.76 g m−3 and average temperature varied from −12.4° to −16.3°C, with the latter varying by at most 0.2°C per run. The crystal habits are divided mainly by temperature, warm to cold, into nine regions: sector above −12.5°C; then broad branch to −13.0°C; and then stellar, dendrite, and fern to −14.5°C. Then the pattern reverses, with dendrite to −14.8°C, stellar to −15.7°C, broad branch to −16.1°C, and finally sector. From −13.3° to −13.8°C, stellar changes to dendrite with LWC increase as well as with temperature decrease. From −13.8° to −14.5°C, dendrites coexist with ferns below an LWC of 0.25 g m−3, but only ferns exist at higher LWC. At other temperatures, a higher LWC does not produce greater side-branch development. Nevertheless, an increase of LWC produces heavier crystals (particularly crystals larger than 1 mm across), despite the crystal diameters being independent of LWC. Stellars at −14.9°C have the maximum mass and diameter, whereas ferns at about −14.3°C have the maximum basal-plane area and minimum fall speed. The apparent crystal density varies with temperature, with two local minima for stellars near −13.3° and −15.3°C and a local maximum for ferns near −14.2°C.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

., M. Muthulakshmi, and M. Vinod Kumar . "Experimental Studies on Fibre Integrated Lightweight Concrete Frames Under Lateral Forces: A Review." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.1.874.

Full text
Abstract:
Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structure with masonry infill is the most common type of building in which, RC frames participate in resisting lateral forces. The poor performance of RC frame buildings under lateral forces is due to its heavy mass and rigid construction. Use of Lightweight concrete (LWC) is preferred since the dead load of concrete is enormous. A low density of the LWC, decreases the weight of the building thus reducing the effect of lateral forces. However, LWC having a lower modulus of elasticity, has a faster rate of crack development in RC members. So, fibres are employed as an additive to increase the energy absorption capacity and to control the crack development. Pumice is a natural material of volcanic origin, has low density, which makes it ideal for production of LWC. Based on these ideas, Pumice aggregate is used as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate to its volume with addition of steel fibres to the volume of concrete. This paper summarizes the collected literatures related to RC frames, LWC, Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) and thereby attempts to predict the lateral load response of RC portal frame with the use of LWC and Steel fibres.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rahman, AKML, A. Barai, A. Sarker, and M. Moniruzzaman. "Light weight concrete from rice husk ash and glass powder." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v53i3.38270.

Full text
Abstract:
Light weight concrete (LWC) found very similar properties and constructability with respect to normal concrete (NC). LWC was prepared using red clay (RC), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and borax with the addition of waste materials like rice husk ash (RHA) and glass powder (GP) in aggregate composition. The compressive strength of NC and LWC found almost similar for seven, fourteen and twenty eight days with the inclusion of RHA and GP as the partial replacement of light weight aggregate in composition. Apparent porosity (AP) of LWC found slightly higher than the NC but the bulk density (BD) is about 13% lower than the NC. SLS (10% of water solution) was used as foaming agent. Borax (10% of water solution) might effect on hydration rate and temperature. The partial incorporation of GP and RHA in LWC lessen the thermal conductivity as compared to NC.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(3), 225-232, 2018
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Vivekanandan, Jothiram, Virendra P. Ghate, Jorgen B. Jensen, Scott M. Ellis, and M. Christian Schwartz. "A Technique for Estimating Liquid Droplet Diameter and Liquid Water Content in Stratocumulus Clouds Using Radar and Lidar Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 11 (November 2020): 2145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0092.1.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper describes a technique for estimating the liquid water content (LWC) and a characteristic particle diameter in stratocumulus clouds using radar and lidar observations. The uncertainty in LWC estimate from radar and lidar measurements is significantly reduced once the characteristic particle diameter is known. The technique is independent of the drop size distribution. It is applicable for a broad range of W-band reflectivity Z between −30 and 0 dBZ and all values of lidar backscatter β observations. No partitioning of cloud or drizzle is required on the basis of an arbitrary threshold of Z as in prior studies. A method for estimating droplet diameter and LWC was derived from the electromagnetic simulations of radar and lidar observations. In situ stratocumulus cloud and drizzle probe spectra were input to the electromagnetic simulation. The retrieved droplet diameter and LWC were validated using in situ measurements from the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The retrieval method was applied to radar and lidar measurements from the northeastern Pacific. Uncertainty in the retrieved droplet diameter and LWC that are due to the measurement errors in radar and lidar backscatter measurements are 7% and 14%, respectively. The retrieved LWC was validated using the concurrent G-band radiometer estimates of the liquid water path.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Chen, Wanxiang, Lisheng Luo, Fanjun Meng, and Hang Sun. "Experimental Studies on Blast-Resistance of HFR-LWC Beams Enhanced with Membrane Action." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 12 (October 19, 2020): 2050142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420501424.

Full text
Abstract:
Support-induced membrane action can enhance the resistance, while altering the failure pattern, of reinforced concrete (RC) members under static/dynamic loadings. Nevertheless, the membrane effect on the load-response is regarded as a safety factor in current design guides, hence, a thorough understanding of the resistance capability of RC members in the presence of membrane actions is considered essential. To quantitatively depict the membrane behavior and its influence on the blast-resistance and failure pattern of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced-Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (HFR-LWC) beams, a specially built end-constraint clamp is developed to provide membrane actions on the structural component subjected to the blast load simultaneously. A series of field tests are conducted to investigate the dynamic behaviors of the HFR-LWC beams under close-range detonations. Overpressure-time histories of shock waves induced by the close-range explosive charge are captured. Then the deflection-responses and failure modes of the HFR-LWC beams are further investigated. The responses of the clamped HFR-LWC beam under blast loadings can be well simulated, and the blast-resistances of the beam-type members with membrane action are evaluated reasonably. The results show that membrane action is beneficial for the bridging effects of hybrid fibers and the interlocking effects of coarse aggregate, thereby giving rise to the ductile failures of HFR-LWC beam. The maximum deflections of the clamped HFR-LWC beam decrease by about 60% compared with simply-supported HFR-LWC beam in this paper, illustrating that the blast-resistance may be seriously underestimated if the membrane effects are ignored in structural design.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Song, Xingyang, Guangsheng Zhou, and Qijin He. "Critical Leaf Water Content for Maize Photosynthesis under Drought Stress and Its Response to Rewatering." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 7218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137218.

Full text
Abstract:
Crop photosynthesis is closely related to leaf water content (LWC), and clarifying the LWC conditions at critical points in crop photosynthesis has great theoretical and practical value for accurately monitoring drought and providing early drought warnings. This experiment was conducted to study the response of LWC to drought and rewatering and to determine the LWC at which maize photosynthesis reaches a maximum and minimum and thus changes from a state of stomatal limitation (SL) to non-stomatal limitation (NSL). The effects of rehydration were different after different levels of drought stress intensity at different growth stages, and the maize LWC recovered after rewatering following different drought stresses at the jointing stage; however, the maize LWC recovered more slowly after rewatering following 43 days and 36 days of drought stress at the tasselling and silking stages, respectively. The LWC when maize photosynthesis changed from SL to NSL was 75.4% ± 0.38%, implying that the maize became rehydrated under physiologically impaired conditions. The LWCs at which the maize Vcmax25 reached maximum values and zero differed between the drought and rewatering periods. After exposure to drought stress, the maize exhibited enhanced drought stress tolerance, an obviously reduced suitable water range, and significantly weakened photosynthetic capacity. These results provide profound insight into the turning points in maize photosynthesis and their responses to drought and rewatering. They may also help to improve crop water management, which will be useful in coping with the increased frequency of drought and extreme weather events expected under global climate change.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LWC"

1

Seppänen, J. (Juho). "Online-topografiamittauksen hyödyntäminen LWC-paperikoneella." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201305291351.

Full text
Abstract:
Tämän diplomityön aiheena oli tutkia Metso IQ Surface -mittausjärjestelmän soveltuvuutta LWC-paperikoneella sekä parantaa LWC-paperin sileyttä syväpainoon soveltuvammaksi. Pääkohteena mittauksessa olivat mittarin antamat karheus- sekä sileys-indeksit, joita verrattiin laboratorio arvoihin eli pohjapaperin bendtsen-karheuteen sekä lopputuotteen PPS-sileyteen. Metso IQ Surface -mittausjärjestelmä mittaa liikkuvan paperin laatua ottamalla 3D -kuvia paperin pinnasta ja analysoimalla niitä. Kuvattava pinta valaistaan usealla led-viistovalolla eri kulmista kameran ympäriltä. Kuvan varjostumien avulla fotometrinen stereo-menetelmä tuottaa paperin pinnan gradienttikentät. Pinnan topografia tuotetaan puolestaan integroimalla gradienttikenttiä. Pinnan topografian avulla paperille voidaan laskea joukko muita pinnan rakennetta kuvaavia piirteitä. Mittaus osoitti hyvää korrelaatiota bendtsen-karheuteen pohjapaperissa. Myös lopputuotteen osalta mittaus havaitsi oikein sileyden muutokset. Lopputuotteen sileyden osalta korrelaatio oli hyvä, mutta vähäisten mittauspisteiden vuoksi tulosta ei voida pitää yhtä merkittävänä. Mittaus korreloi myös hyvin hiokkeen annostelun freenes arvosta johtuvaan karheus vaihteluun noin kahden vuorokaudenkin ajanjaksoissa. Topografiamittaus havaitsi jo pohjapaperissa muutoksen, joka näkyi myös lopputuotteen sileyden paranemisena. Tämän diplomityön kirjallisuusosassa käsitellään LWC-paperintekoprosessia sen pääpiirteissään. Esille on tuotu asioita, jotka voivat vaikuttavat paperinpinnan topografiaan. Syväpainoprosessia on esitelty kirjallisen osuuden lopussa. Kokeellisessa osassa suoritettiin paperikoneella seuraavat koeajot: formeritelan alipainemuutos, teränvaihto päällystyskoneella sekä superkalanterin ajonopeus koeajot. Formeritelan alipainemuutos pienempään sekä päällystyskoneen teränvaihto koeajot tuottivat parempaa sileyttä lopputuotteelle. Myös superkalanterin ajonopeuden laskulla oli positiivinen vaikutus lopputuotteen sileyteen. Parempi sileys johti parempiin syväpainotuloksiin kaikissa muissa paitsi teränvaihtokoeajossa
The topic of this master thesis was to study the suitability of Metso IQ Surface measurement on a LWC-papermachine and also improve the smoothness of LWC-paper to more suitable for rotogravure printing. The main targets of the study were the smoothness and roughness indexes given by the Metso IQ Surface measuring. These indexes were compared to the laboratory values of bendtsen roughness and PPS smoothness. Metso IQ Surface measurement measures the surface quality of a moving paper sheet by using high-speed image capture and image analysis technology. The illumination of the measured area is done with several LED flash lights from different directions around the camera. Surface topography measurement is based on photometric stereo method. Photometric stereo method provides surface gradient fields using shading information. Surface topography is obtained by integrating the gradient fields. Using this topography information roughness and smoothness indexes can be calculated. The Topography Measurement proved good correlation with laboratory bendtsen roughness on base paper. Also correlation between the PPS smoothness and smoothness index given by the measurement was good, but with small number of measure points, the result can’t be relevant. The Topography Measurement also showed good correlation to roughness variation which was caused by freeness of pulp dosage. The Measurement noticed change on a base paper which led up to better smoothness of the end product. This theory part of master thesis deals with main processes of making LWC-paper. Also some key elements that may affect the topography of paper surface during the process are drawn attention. The rotogravure printing process is demonstrated at the end of the theory part. In the experimental part following trial runs were produced on the papermachine: former roll vacuum trial, blade exchange of couter trial and driving speed trials of supercalander. Turning down the former roll’s vacuum and exchange of the blade on the couter showed better smoothness of the end product. Also lowering the speed of the supercalander improved the smoothness. The better smoothness led up to better rotogravure printing result in all other cases but not in the blade exchange of couter trial
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Guérin, David. "Etude du calandrage des papiers lwc pour impression en heliogravure." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0043.

Full text
Abstract:
Le papier lwc pour impression en heliogravure est supercalandre : la bande de papier est comprimee a plusieurs reprises, pendant des temps tres courts, sous de fortes pressions exercees par deux rouleaux aux caracteristiques elastiques tres differentes. Les rouleaux metalliques de la supercalandre sont chauffes, ainsi, le travail mecanique subi par la feuille de papier dans la zone de pincement (appelee nip), s'accompagne d'un transfert thermique. Or le comportement rheologique du papier depend de sa temperature. Les caracteristiques thermiques des papiers sont donc une donnee fondamentale pour la comprehension du procede. Nous avons developpe un appareil de mesure de la conductivite thermique des materiaux minces semi-isolants. Les mesures realisees sur des papiers et des couches papetieres modeles ont permis d'etudier l'influence de la composition fibreuse et de la composition de la couche, de la porosite et de l'humidite du papier sur la conductivite thermique des papiers support et couche. Les mesures de conductivite thermique associees a des mesures de capacite calorifique massique par analyse calorimetrique differentielle ont ete utilisees pour modeliser le transfert thermique dans un nip. Les temperatures calculees ont montre une bonne concordance avec les valeurs mesurees lors d'essais de calandrage sur machine pilote. Ces essais ont permis d'evaluer la validite des modeles proposes dans la litterature pour decrire la reduction d'epaisseur du papier apres calandrage en fonction des parametres de la calandre. Nous avons egalement evalue l'influence de ces parametres sur les proprietes de surface (brillant et lisse notamment) du papier lwc.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Picollet, Martine. "Contribution à l'étude de l'imprimabilité des papiers LWC en héliogravure édition." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0038.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans ce travail, nous etudions l'imprimabilite des papiers lwc en heliogravure edition. Les proprietes de surface, la permeabilite et les proprietes electriques des papiers vierges sont caracterisees a l'aide de diverses techniques de mesure. Une relation entre la structure de la couche et la permeabilite du papier couche est mise en evidence. D'autre part, la technique de la chromatographie inverse en phase gazeuse appliquee aux papiers couches permet de determiner de facon satisfaisante leur energie de surface. Les points manquants, les vaguelettes, la transvision et le rendu densitometrique ont ete retenus comme criteres de qualite d'impression. Ils sont analyses visuellement et a l'aide d'appareils de mesure. Grace aux resultats obtenus, il est possible d'identifier les caracteristiques du papier ayant une influence preponderante ainsi que leur importance relative. L'etat de surface du papier mais aussi ses proprietes electriques determinent le nombre de points manquants. Les vaguelettes dependent essentiellement de la regularite de la couverture de couche sur le support fibreux. Les problemes de transvision sont causes principalement par une opacite trop faible du papier. Des experiences complementaires realisees au laboratoire permettent d'ameliorer la comprehension des phenomenes d'interaction encre - papier, qui determinent notamment le rendu densitometrique. Nous montrons l'existence d'une competition entre la penetration de l'encre, liee a la permeabilite du papier, et l'etalement a la surface, qui depend de la mouillabilite mais aussi de la rugosite.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Chinga, Gary. "Structural studies of LWC paper coating layers using SEM and image analysis techniques." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1122.

Full text
Abstract:

The ever rising need for detailed knowledge of the structure of paper coating urges the improvement and development of new techniques for gaining new and valuable information. The assessment, study and characterisation of factors that are assumed to affect the interaction between printing inks and coated paper surface may be accomplished by microscopy and image analysis techniques. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a most suitable tool for morphometrical studies of fibres and paper. Digital images acquired in a SEM, by the secondary electron imaging (SEI) or backscattered electron imaging (BEI) mode have suitable quality and resolution for further image processing and analysis.

The present study exemplifies how microscopy and image analysis may be applied for structural studies of the coating layer. Image processing and analysis routines for acquiring information on the coating layer surface roughness and porosity details like the pore shape, size and orientation are described. A routine, based on the Sobel operators, for measuring the pigment particle orientation, is also described. The developed semi-automatic image analysis routines are useful methods for morphometric analysis of paper structure details, thus facilitating numerical data acquisition of the pores and the pigment particles’ geometry. Parts of the obtained information is assumed to be unattainable by other methods at this point.

To discern the binder in the coating layer from the embedding epoxy and thus observe individual pores in the coating, the binder has to be stained before embedding. In the study, osmium tetroxide (OsO4) was used to stain the latex binder in the coating layer. Morphometric analyses of paper cross-sections using SEM, BEI-mode images and stereo images were used to quantify the paper coating structure details. The smallest details to be quantified are approaching the limitations given by the imaging methods.

It is shown that the staining procedures allow a quite accurate determination of pore fraction in the coating, and individual readings of the pores like pore area, aspect ratio and orientation. Two compared staining methods differed somewhat in their effect on the paper. OsO4 dissolved in water gave good staining throughout the base paper/coating sandwich, allowing good visualisation and assessment of the coating structure. However, moisture tends to make the base paper fibre expand, raising the paper thickness and thus the macro-roughness. When staining by dry OsO4 crystals, the base paper expansion is avoided, however, even the staining of the fibres is reduced. Critical coating parameters like mean pore area and micro-roughness of the coating layer do not differ between the two methods.

In the study, the structure of commercial LWC paper coating layers were assessed and quantified by SEM, BEI-mode and digital image analysis of cross sections. It is quantified how clay particles cause a more densely packed coating structure compared to coatings containing mainly CaCO3. The pores of clay coatings have a larger aspect ratio and are oriented more parallel to the paper surface. Pore orientation is affected by the pigment particle orientation. Besides the size of the pores, their orientation is proved to be an essential parameter affecting the achieved print gloss level for a given paper grade. The pore’s orientation/ diameter ratio seems to be a suitable parameter for describing its geometry and influence on print gloss. For a given pore diameter, the more horizontally oriented, the higher the delta gloss (print gloss-paper gloss).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jamous, Naoum [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Turowski, and Hans-Knud [Akademischer Betreuer] Arndt. "Light-weight composite environmental performance indicators (LWC-EPI) / Naoum Jamous. Betreuer: Klaus Turowski ; Hans-Knud Arndt." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1057913901/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Aman, Zaeem. "Efficiency of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Pigment Coatings." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14976.

Full text
Abstract:
The objective of this work was to study the addition of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) for efficient use on pigment coating of paper substrates with low grammage and the goal was to achieve high optical response by using low amount of FWAs. A commercial light-weight coated (LWC) paper grade was provided by Stora Enso Corbehem Mill and isotropic laboratory sheets were produced at Stora Enso Research Centre using PFI sheet former. Optical properties such as brightness, whiteness and L, a* and b* colour space values were evaluated using Minolta spectrophotometer with D65 illuminant for both types of substrate using different types and amounts of FWA while the effect of the addition of dye was evaluated in both isotropic sheets and as well as in the coating. The results showed that brightness and whiteness of double-coated paper increased by increasing the amount of fluorescent whitening agent in the coating layer. Also, higher brightness and whiteness was achieved by introducing a higher amount of fluorescent whitening agent in the top coating rather than in a pre-coating. The addition of a shading colorant in the paper substrate had a positive influence not only on the brightness but also on the whiteness of coated paper.
Syftet med denna studie var att studera tillsatsen av fluorescerande vitmedel (FWA) för att effektivisera användningen i pigmentbestrykning av papper med låg ytvikt. Målet var att nå en hög optisk respons men ändå använda en låg mängd FWA. Ett kommersiellt LWC-papper erhölls från Stora Enso, Corbehems pappersbruk, och isotropa laboratorieark tillverkades med PFI-arkformerare på Stora Enso Research Centre. Optiska egenskaper, såsom ljushet, vithet och färgrymd (L, a* och b* värden), hos samtliga prover med varierande mängd och typ av FWA uppmättes med hjälp av en Minolta spektrofotometer med D65 ljuskälla. Effekten av färgnyanstillsats utvärderades både hos handgjorda ark och hos bestrykningslager. Resultaten visade att både ljushet och vithet hos dubbelbestrukna ark ökade med ökad mängd FWA i bestrykningslagren. Högre ljushet och vithet nåddes också när FWA placerades i toppbestrykningen. Tillsats av nyanseringsfärg i papperssubstratet ökade både ljushet och vithet hos de bestrukna arken.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Tav, Jackie. "Etude du dépôt de radionucléides par les gouttelettes de brouillards et de nuages sur les végétaux à partir d'expérimentations in situ." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19456/1/TAV_Jackie.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Pour les besoins du refroidissement de leurs réacteurs, les CNPE1 sont placés à proximité immédiate de cours d’eau ou du littoral. Ils sont de ce fait exposés à des bancs de brouillards, en particulier à l’automne et au cours de l’hiver. Or les modèles opérationnels de dispersion atmosphérique/dépôt, utilisés pour simuler la contamination radioactive de l’environnement à la suite d’un accident nucléaire, considèrent uniquement les dépôts par temps sec et ceux par temps de pluie. Faut-il tenir compte de la présence des brouillards comme terme additionnel de dépôt de radionucléides en cas d’accident nucléaire ? Pour répondre à cette question, une étude expérimentale a été conduite sur plusieurs sites exposés aux brouillards ou aux nuages (principalement la plateforme d’observation atmosphérique de l’ANDRA à Houdelaincourt ainsi que la station de recherche atmosphérique de l’OPGC/CNRS2 au sommet du Puy de Dôme et la plateforme d’étude atmosphérique SIRTA3 de l’IPSL4 à Palaiseau). La collecte d’eau de brouillard et la mesure des quantités d’eau déposées sous forme de gouttelettes sur différents types de végétaux, ont été réalisées respectivement grâce à collecteurs à fils et des pesées de précision. En mesurant le contenu en eau liquide dans l’air ainsi que la masse d’eau déposé sur les plantes, il a été possible de calculer des vitesses de dépôt des gouttelettes de brouillard pouvant atteindre plusieurs dizaines de cm.s-1 dans le cas d’un brouillard composé de grosses gouttelettes (diamètre médian volumique moyen de 20 µm). Ces vitesses élevées mettent en évidence l’importance des processus gravitationnels mais aussi turbulents notamment dans le cadre du dépôt sur des végétaux à structure foliaire tridimensionnelle comme les conifères. L’effet d’auto-écrantage lié à une densité de biomasse foliaire élevée a également été quantifié. Les concentrations en radionucléides à l’état de traces ont montré que l’eau de brouillard pouvait être jusqu’à 20 fois plus concentrée que l’eau de pluie, du fait de la dilution par condensation de vapeur d’eau sur les gouttelettes au cours de leur grossissement. Les mesures des masses d’eau déposées par les brouillards et de la concentration en radionucléides dans les gouttelettes sur le site d’Houdelaincourt, permettent d’estimer ces dépôts habituellement qualifiés d’occultes car trop faibles pour être quantifiés par des pluviomètres ou des radars météorologiques. Sur l’ensemble d’une saison de brouillard, le dépôt occulte de radionucléides a représenté jusqu’à 25% des dépôts par temps secs et par temps de pluie. En cas de rejet accidentel, la présence de brouillard pourrait contribuer à hauteur de 14% du dépôt par temps sec. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité de prendre en compte ce processus de dépôt pour mieux quantifier les retombées radioactives sur des territoires en contact avec des brouillards ou des nuages (en ce qui concerne les sites d’altitudes), en particulier en situation post-accidentelle. Un schéma simple de type dépôt sec, considérant le diamètre médian des gouttelettes dérivé de la visibilité, permet à minima de mieux simuler le processus de dépôt par sédimentation des gouttelettes. Ces travaux restent à compléter pour quantifier la contribution de la turbulence induite par l’écoulement de l’air au voisinage des obstacles comme des végétaux de grandes tailles et incorporer un schéma spécifique dans les modèles de dépôt.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wang, Tao. "Print Quality regarding Advertisements in the Nordic Heatset Printing Industry." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-108261.

Full text
Abstract:
Accompanied by the fast development of technology and channels in the advertisement industry, many traditional incumbents felt pressure and were seeking ways to change or better their own position within the industry. The Nordic Association of Heatset Printer (NAHP), where this thesis was carried out, is largely associated with these traditional channels for advertising, such like newspapers, brochures and magazines. They are taking their initiative to prepare and face the challenge coming from new entrants within the advertising industry. I have identified that to fulfill the responsibilities to their customers at a very high standard could enable themselves to continuingly remain a competitive position in the advertisement industry, and among these responsibilities, the printing quality is definitely an important one. By checking whether all the printers conform to the error tolerances set by the ISO standard, I could offer the members of the organization useful information and suggestion, and eventually give them directions on where they might need to improve, and where they need to maintain. I have also identified 3 determinants regarding printing and they are print density, dot gain and the ΔE of L*a*b*. Checking whether those three primaries have met the industry standard has become the main job of this thesis work. To finish this thesis work, I have gathered samples from printers within NAHP, tested the color control strips on each samples, input the data into statistical Excel files, programmed to analyze the data, and finally conducted evaluations. The test results have revealed that most presses from the printing houses within my thesis work are able to offer high quality prints. However, certain problems have also been identified. Some presses definitely need to change and improve their printing setting in order to reach ISO standard and achieve audience satisfaction. In addition, the results have also double confirmed that all three investigated properties, print density, dot gain and ΔE of L*a*b*, correlate intensely and influence one and another.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Morse, Cody. "Quantifying the Environmental Performance of a Stream Habitat Improvement Project." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1972.

Full text
Abstract:
River restoration projects are being installed worldwide to rehabilitate degraded river habitat. Many of these projects focus on stream habitat improvement (SHI), and an estimated 60%of the 37,000 projects listed in the National River Restoration Science Synthesis Program focus on SHI for salmon and trout species. These projects frequently lack a sufficient monitoring program or account for the environmental costs associated with SHI. The present study used life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques and topographic effectiveness monitoring to quantify environmental costs on the basis of geomorphic change. This methodology was a novel approach to assessing the cost-benefit relationship of SHI. To test this methodology, two phases of the Lower Scotts Creek Floodplain and Habitat Enhancement Project (LSCR) were used as a case study. The LSCR was a SHI project installed along the northern coast of Santa Cruz County, California, USA. A limited scope LCA was used to quantify the life cycle impacts of raw material production, materials transportation, and on-site construction. Once these baseline results were produced, a topographic monitoring program was used to quantify the topographic diversity index (TDI) in pre- and post-project conditions. The TDI percent change was used to scale the baseline LCA results, which quantified the environmental impacts based on geomorphic change. Phase II outperformed phase I. Phase I had greater cumulative environmental impacts and experienced a 7.7 % TDI increase from pre- to post-project conditions. Phase II had 43% less cumulative environmental impacts and experienced a 7.9% TDI increase from pre- to post-project conditions. The impacts in phase I were greater because of the amount of material excavated to create off-channel features, which were a key feature of the LSCR. A scenario analysis also was conducted within the LCA component of this study. The scenario analysis suggests that life cycle impacts could be reduced by 30%-65% by using the accelerated recruitment method in place of importing materials to build large wood complexes. The results of this study suggest that managers may improve the environmental performance of SHI projects by: (1) using the accelerated recruitment method to introduce larger key pieces to the channel, reducing the need to import materials; (2) using nursery grown plants as opposed to excavating plants for revegetation; (3) minimizing fuel combustion in heavy equipment and haul trucks by ensuring clear access to the channel and streambank, using small engine equipment to clear access corridors during site preparation, running more fuel-efficient machinery or bio-fuel powered machinery, and by attempting to minimize haul distances by sourcing materials locally; and (4) utilizing a “franken-log” design (a ballasted LWC configuration with a rootwad fastened to the downstream end of a log) in LWCs which led to favorable TDI change. This study concluded that LCA could be a valuable tool for monitoring SHI and river restoration projects and that further research of the TDI analysis is justified.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Shimizu, Derek S. "Mindlink Coordinators, LLC." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262963.

Full text
Abstract:

In the state of California, about one in six adults suffer from some sort of mental illness and about one in twenty of those suffer from a serious mental illness (SMI). In the County of Los Angeles, about 4.5% of the county’s roughly 9.8 million residents suffer from a serious mental illness. Through most of history, mental health care and primary health care have represented two independent systems. The two independent systems have resulted in a double standard of quality of care, accessibility of care, and social stigmas of care. The disconnect leaves mental health care inferior to physical care, where mental illnesses are easily overlooked carrying negative social stigmas with little access. MindLink Coordinators, LLC, a not-for-profit mental health care coordinating organization, looks to bridge a major gap between mental health care and primary health care through care coordination and technology. In conjunction with care coordination, MindLink will provide various services for patients with mental illnesses. MindLink’s purpose will start with serving the Los Angeles County area with the hope of eventually serving patients throughout the state of California.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "LWC"

1

Shipton, Paul. Lwc Luc: Lluniau gan Pat McCarthy. Caerdydd: Gwasg Addysgol Drake, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Huws, Emily. Lol neu lwc? Caernarfon: Gwasg Gwynedd, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Roux, Magdel Le. Vhalemba: Ndi lushaka lwo xelaho lwa Isiraele lu re Tshipembe ha Afrika naa? Tshwane (Pretoria): Yunivesithi ya Afrika Tshipembe, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

(Germany), Bavaria. Landeswahlgesetz (LWG) ; Landeswahlordnung (LWO) ; Bezirkswahlgesetz (BezWG): Vollständige Textausgabe der wichtigsten Wahlbestimmungen mit Terminübersicht. 4th ed. Kronach/Bayern: C. Link, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Daitch, Susan. L.C. London: Virago, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Daitch, Susan. L.C. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

L.C. Chicago: Dalkey Archive Press, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Stilton, Gerónimo. Le monstre du lac Lac. Paris: A. Michel jeunesse, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cetanā. Khyipʻ ʼa kroṅʻʺ si koṅʻʺ ca rā. Ranʻ kunʻ: Cā pe Bimānʻ, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Goswami, D. N., and Bangali Baboo. Processing, chemistry, and applications of lac. Edited by Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Directorate of Information and Publications on Agriculture. New Delhi: Directorate of Information and Publications of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "LWC"

1

Brozovsky, J., D. Benes, and J. Zach. "NDT of LWC with Expanded Clay." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, 335–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_48.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Jamous, Naoum, Frederik Kramer, Gamal Kassem, Jorge Marx Gómez, and Reiner Dumke. "Light-Weight Composite Environmental Performance Indicators (LWC-EPI) Concept." In Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering, 289–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19536-5_23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cui, Shujie, Ming Zhang, Muhammad Rizwan Asghar, and Giovanni Russello. "Long White Cloud (LWC): A Practical and Privacy-Preserving Outsourced Database." In Information Security Theory and Practice, 41–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93524-9_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Renner, Sebastian, Enrico Pozzobon, and Jürgen Mottok. "A Hardware in the Loop Benchmark Suite to Evaluate NIST LWC Ciphers on Microcontrollers." In Information and Communications Security, 495–509. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61078-4_28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Duc, Alexandre, Florian Tramèr, and Serge Vaudenay. "Better Algorithms for LWE and LWR." In Advances in Cryptology -- EUROCRYPT 2015, 173–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46800-5_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Shankar, K., and Mohamed Elhoseny. "An Optimal Singular Value Decomposition with LWC-RECTANGLE Block Cipher Based Digital Image Watermarking in Wireless Sensor Networks." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 83–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20816-5_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rahim, Jamilah Abd, Siti Hawa Hamzah, and Hamidah Mohd Saman. "Determination of Modulus Elasticity and Poison Ratio of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Lightweight Concrete (LWC) Enhanced with Steel Fiber." In InCIEC 2014, 29–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-290-6_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jamous, Naoum, Frederik Kramer, and Holger Schrödl. "Eine Light-Weight Composite Environmental Performance Indicators (LWC-EPI) Lösung – Eine systematische Entwicklung von EMIS, deren Anforderungen und Hindernisse aus Anwender-, Experten, und KMU-Perspektive." In IT-gestütztes Ressourcen- und Energiemanagement, 229–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35030-6_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Baum, H. "LUC." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1535. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1976.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Baum, H. "LUC." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_1976-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "LWC"

1

Black, Jared L., Eckhard Hinrichsen, and Alfredo Tello Zenteno. "Simulating the Financial Cost of a Deepwater Loss of Well Control." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10172.

Full text
Abstract:
An international oil company developed a deep water exploratory drilling program scheduled to start in 2011. The company’s safety department required a financial risk analysis of the drilling program to aid in establishing insurance coverage levels. The purpose was to establish a probability cost distribution associated with a lost well control (LWC) incident. A numerical probabilistic simulation approach was deemed necessary since historical LWC cost data were insufficient for statistical analysis. A ten branch fault tree with up to 38 elements (events) per branch was selected to represent the range of damage conditions that could follow a LWC incident. Probability density functions representing each event’s cost range were selected using a best fit procedure. The simulation procedure randomly selected a tree branch and then passed through the branch selecting costs randomly from each event’s cost-probability distribution. Event costs were summed to provide a total LWC cost for that simulation run. The simulation was repeated multiple times providing a suite of LWC total cost values. These data were then evaluated statistically to establish a LWC cost probability distribution. These results were used by the company’s risk division as an aid in determining the level of insurance to acquire.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Koenig, George, Charles Ryerson, J. Larsson, and Andrew Reehorst. "Effect of Variable LWC on Ice Shape in the NASA-GRC IRT." In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-904.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Tan, S. C., and M. Papadakis. "A Prototype Probe For Direct Measurement of the LWC in SLD Clouds." In Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3377.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wang, Huifang, Jihua Wang, Qian Wang, Naizhe Miao, Wenjiang Huang, Haikuang Feng, and Yingying Dong. "Hyperspectral characteristics of winter wheat under freezing injury stress and LWC inversion model." In 2012 First International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2012.6311627.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mintu, Shafiul A., David Molyneux, and Bruce Colbourne. "Ship-Wave Impact Generated Sea Spray: Part 1 — Formulating Liquid Water Content and Spray Cloud Duration." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18223.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract When a wave impacts a ship, a cloud of water spray may form. This spray water, in cold climates, significantly contributes to the deposition of icing on the ship. Estimation of the spray flux is a first step towards predicting the marine icing. The amount of spray water, termed as liquid water content (LWC), the time of ship exposure to the spray cloud in a spray event known as spray duration, and the frequency at which the spray is generated are all important parameters required to define the spray flux. Most of the spray flux formulas found in the literature are based on field observations of small fishing vessels. Moreover, they consider meteorological and oceanographic parameters only and ignore the characteristic behaviors of the vessel. These formulas are therefore not applicable to any size and type of vessel. This paper develops methods to quantify the spray properties in terms that can be applied to vessels of any size. Formulas to estimate two crucial spray properties, LWC and spray duration, are derived based on the energy conservation principles and by non-dimensional analysis. The formulas take into account the ship’s principal particulars, its operating conditions, and the environmental parameters. The formulas are validated against full-scale field measurement from a Russian fishing trawler, MFV Narva, and a medium-size US coast guard vessel, USCGC Midgett. Reasonable agreements are found in both cases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Han, Yiqiang, and Jose Palacios. "Latent Heat and Liquid Water Content (LWC) Sensor based on Transient Heat Flux Measurements." In 2018 Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3831.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Knezevici, Daniel, Richard Kind, and Myron Oleskiw. "Determination of Medium Volume Diameter (MVD) and Liquid Water Content(LWC) by Multiple Rotating Cylinders." In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-861.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Vargas, Mario, and Eli Reshotko. "LWC and temperature effects on ice accretion formation on swept wings at glaze ice conditions." In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-483.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Jamous, Naoum, Holger Schrodl, and Klaus Turowski. "Light-Weight Composite Environmental Performance Indicators (LWC-EPI) Solution: A Systematic Approach towards Users Requirements." In 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2013.383.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Liu, Yang, Wenli Chen, Leonard J. Bond, and Hui Hu. "A Feasibility Study to Identify Ice Types by Measuring Attenuation of Ultrasonic Waves for Aircraft Icing Detection." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21227.

Full text
Abstract:
Aircraft icing has been recognized as the most significant weather hazard that impacts aviation safety. A thin sheet of ice on lifting or control surfaces of an aircraft can adversely affect its flight performance by increasing drag and decreasing lift and thrust. The uncontrolled shedding of ice built up on surfaces may severely damage critical components. The occurrence of ice accretion is also a big challenge in terms of economic impact. The presence of ice can not only cause flight delays, but also reduce flight profits by increasing fuel consumptions and additional cost for de-icing operations. A better understanding of the physical mechanisms of water movement and the ice formation process on aircraft surfaces is very important and critical in ensuring safe and efficient operation of aircraft in cold weather. Generally there are two types of ice that can be deposited during flight: glaze ice and rime ice, which occur is dependent on weather conditions. Glaze ice is formed with high liquid water content (LWC) and large droplet size at temperatures just below the freezing point, and it has a smooth, clear and dense appearance. Rime ice forms with lower LWC and smaller droplet size at temperatures around or below −12 C°. It is a mixture of tiny ice particles, containing many micro bubbles and cracks, and it has a white rough appearance. These two types of ice may have significantly different effects on flight performance. However, most of the current de-icing approaches and practices do not consider this and operators potentially perform a lot of unnecessary actions. In this study, attenuation measurement of ultrasonic waves is performed to investigate the feasibility of characterization of ice types. Analysis investigates frequency dependent attenuation properties that are potentially closely related to ice acoustic properties and hence the micro-structure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "LWC"

1

B., Ekhassa, and Oyo P. Le Paysage du Lac Télé - Lac Tumba: Lac Télé – Lac Tumba Landscape. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003928.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

St-Onge, M. R., and S. B. Lucas. Geology, Lac Samandré-Lac Charlery, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/128015.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mayrand, R. Lac U.S.A. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298333.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

B., Ekhassa, and Oyo P. Lac Télé - Lac Tumba Landscape. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003929.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Tenenbaum, P. Effectiveness of Emittance Bumps in the NLC and US Cold LC Main Linear Accelerators (LCC-0138). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826947.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

Full text
Abstract:
Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Stall, Nathan M., Allison McGeer, Antonina Maltsev, Isaac I. Bogoch, Kevin A. Brown, Gerald A. Evans, Fahad Razak, et al. The Impact of the Speed of Vaccine Rollout on COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Ontario Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.08.1.0.

Full text
Abstract:
Key Message Accelerating the rollout of Ontario’s COVID-19 vaccine such that all LTC residents receive the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine by January 31, 2021, would prevent a projected 600 COVID-19 cases and 115 deaths by March 31, 2021 when compared with the province’s current plan to vaccinate all LTC residents by February 15, 2021. Projections indicate that further acceleration of the rollout would prevent even more COVID-19 cases and deaths. If vaccine supply is limited, the early provision of first doses of a COVID-19 vaccine to LTC home residents is likely to be more beneficial than the on-schedule provision of second doses to health care workers outside of LTC homes. All LTC residents should receive the second dose according to approved vaccination schedules.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Muñoz Castillo, Raul, Glen Hearns, Denea Larissa Trejo, and Luis Pabon Zamora. Joined by Water (JbW): IDB's Transboundary Waters Program. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003201.

Full text
Abstract:
This discussion paper scopes out the IDBs initiative to engage in transboundary waters (TW) projects in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The document is organized into four sections: brief history and overview of the TWs approach; international evidence on TW cooperation; a diagnosis of the current situation of TW in LAC; and presents the strategy of the new IADB transboundary water program (Joined By Water) which aims at enhancing the governance and management of transboundary waters in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The document has been prepared in consultation with multiple stakeholders related to transboundary waters issues in LAC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cartiglia, N., and C. Royon. LHC forward physics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1222458.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bartl, A., J. Soederqvist, and F. Paige. Supersymmetry at LHC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/425352.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'LWC' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography