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1

Bucci, Melanie E., Kerry L. Nicholson, and Paul R. Krausman. "Lycaon pictus (Carnivora: Canidae)." Mammalian Species 54, no. 1017 (2022): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seac002.

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Abstract Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820), the African wild dog, is a moderately sized carnivore with dog-like appearance and irregularly mottled black, yellow-brown, and white pelage. It has a head–body length of 76–112 cm, tail length of 30–41 cm, shoulder height of 61–78 cm, and body weight of 17–36 kg. Lycaon pictus has four toes on each foot, differentiating it from other canids; is the only extant species within the genus with no subspecies; and is unlikely to be confused with any other canid. Lycaon pictus was once widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa inhabiting nearly all environment
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2

Hartstone-Rose, Adam, Lars Werdelin, Darryl J. De Ruiter, Lee R. Berger, and Steven E. Churchill. "The Plio-Pleistocene ancestor of wild dogs, Lycaon sekowei n. sp." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 2 (2010): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-124.1.

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African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) occupy an ecological niche characterized by hypercarnivory and cursorial hunting. Previous interpretations drawn from a limited, mostly Eurasian fossil record suggest that the evolutionary shift to cursorial hunting preceded the emergence of hypercarnivory in the Lycaon lineage. Here we describe 1.9—1.0 ma fossils from two South African sites representing a putative ancestor of the wild dog. the holotype is a nearly complete maxilla from Coopers Cave, and another specimen tentatively assigned to the new taxon, from Gladysvale, is the most nearly complete mamma
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3

McNutt, J. Weldon. "Adoption in African wild dogs,Lycaon pictus." Journal of Zoology 240, no. 1 (1996): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05493.x.

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4

Smith, Heather F., Brent Adrian, Rahul Koshy, Ryan Alwiel, and Aryeh Grossman. "Adaptations to cursoriality and digit reduction in the forelimb of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." PeerJ 8 (September 7, 2020): e9866. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9866.

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Background The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), an endangered canid native to southern and eastern Africa, is distinct among canids in being described as entirely tetradactyl and in its nomadic lifestyle and use of exhaustive predation to capture its prey instead of speed, strength, or stealth. These behavioral and morphological traits suggest a potentially unique set of adaptations. Methods Here, we dissected the forelimbs of an adult male L. pictus specimen and performed detailed descriptions and quantitative analyses of the musculoskeletal anatomy. Results Statistical comparisons of muscle
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5

Brandstätter, Frank. "Picasso-Hund – ein neuer Name für Lycaon pictus?" Der Zoologische Garten 80, no. 6 (2011): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zoolgart.2011.10.001.

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6

Stevenson-Hamilton, Major J. "The Coloration of the African Hunting Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 84, no. 2 (2009): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1914.tb07044.x.

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7

Dathe, Heinrich. "HAND-REARING OF A CAPE HUNTING DOG(Lycaon pictus)." International Zoo Yearbook 4, no. 1 (2007): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1963.tb03685.x.

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8

Cho, H. S., and N. Y. Park. "Endometrial Polyp in an African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 53, no. 9 (2006): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00873.x.

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9

Woodroffe, Rosie, Kayna Chapman, and Evans Lemusana. "Solitary breeding in an African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." African Journal of Ecology 47, no. 4 (2009): 790–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.00979.x.

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10

McCreery, E. Kim, and Robert Robbins. "PROXIMATE EXPLANATIONS FOR FAILED PACK FORMATION IN LYCAON PICTUS." Behaviour 138, no. 11-12 (2001): 1467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853901317367708.

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AbstractAmong the most social of all canids, the endangered African wild dog lives in packs in which the alpha pair typically monopolizes breeding while nonreproductive members help care for the offspring. Consequently, the size of the breeding population is directly related to the number of packs in the population. Although the formation of new packs affects both individual fitness and population dynamics, little is known about the process of pack formation and the proximate factors that influence the outcome. In this paper, seven cases of attempted pack formation are documented, of which fou
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11

McNUTT, J. WELDON. "Sex-biased dispersal in African wild dogs,Lycaon pictus." Animal Behaviour 52, no. 6 (1996): 1067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0254.

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12

Ake, Kanako, Tadatoshi Ogura, Yayoi Kaneko, and Gregory S. A. Rasmussen. "Automated photogrammetric method to identify individual painted dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Zoology and Ecology 29, no. 2 (2019): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35513/21658005.2019.2.5.

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The painted dog, Lycaon pictus, has been visually identified by their tricolor patterns in surveys and whilst computerised recognition methods have been used in other species, they have not been used in painted dogs. This study compares results achieved from Hotspotter software against human recognition. Fifteen individual painted dogs in Yokohama Zoo, Japan were photographed using camera-traps and hand-held cameras from October 17–20, 2017. Twenty examinees identified 297 photos visually, and the same images were identified using Hotspotter. In the visual identification, mean accuracy rate wa
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13

Edwards, Charles T. T., Gregory S. A. Rasmussen, Philip Riordan, Franck Courchamp, and David W. Macdonald. "Non-Adaptive Phenotypic Evolution of the Endangered Carnivore Lycaon pictus." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (2013): e73856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073856.

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14

Frantzen, M. A. J., J. W. H. Ferguson, and M. S. de Villiers. "The conservation role of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Biological Conservation 100, no. 2 (2001): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00046-5.

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15

Yravedra, J., M. Andrés, and M. Domínguez-Rodrigo. "A taphonomic study of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 6, no. 2 (2013): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-013-0164-1.

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16

Woodroffe, Rosie. "Demography of a recovering African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) population." Journal of Mammalogy 92, no. 2 (2011): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-a-157.1.

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17

Van Heerden, J., N. Bainbridge, R. E. J. Burroughs, and N. P. J. Kriek. "DISTEMPER-LIKE DISEASE AND ENCEPHALITOZOONOSIS IN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25, no. 1 (1989): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-25.1.70.

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18

Robbins, Robert. "VOCAL COMMUNICATION IN FREE-RANGING AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS)." Behaviour 137, no. 10 (2000): 1271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900501926.

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19

McAloose, Denise, Matthew Raske, Robert Moore, and Carlos E. Rodriguez. "MULTILOBULAR TUMOR OF BONE IN AN AFRICAN WILD DOG (LYCAON PICTUS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 43, no. 4 (2012): 950–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2012-0068r.1.

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20

Creel, S., N. Marusha Creel, J. A. Matovelo, M. M. A. Mtambo, E. K. Batamuzi, and J. E. Cooper. "The effects of anthrax on endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Zoology 236, no. 2 (1995): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb04488.x.

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21

Encke, Walter. "HAND-REARING CAPE HUNTING DOGS (Lycaon pictus) AT THE KREFELD ZOO." International Zoo Yearbook 4, no. 1 (2007): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1963.tb03686.x.

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22

Creel, Scott, and Nancy Marusha Creel. "Six ecological factors that may limit African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus." Animal Conservation 1, no. 1 (1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00220.x.

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23

Pole, Alistair, Iain J. Gordon, Martyn L. Gorman, and Mairi MacAskill. "Prey selection by African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in southern Zimbabwe." Journal of Zoology 262, no. 2 (2004): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836903004576.

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24

Johnston, S. D., D. Ward, J. Lemon, et al. "Studies of male reproduction in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Animal Reproduction Science 100, no. 3-4 (2007): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.08.017.

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25

Creel, Scott, and Nancy Marusha Creel. "Communal hunting and pack size in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus." Animal Behaviour 50, no. 5 (1995): 1325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80048-4.

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26

Prager, K. C., R. Woodroffe, A. Cameron, and D. T. Haydon. "Vaccination strategies to conserve the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)." Biological Conservation 144, no. 7 (2011): 1940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.025.

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27

Fanshawe, John H., Lory H. Frame, and Joshua R. Ginsberg. "The wild dog—Africa's vanishing carnivore." Oryx 25, no. 3 (1991): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034165.

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This paper presents a synopsis of the current status and distribution of the African wild dog Lycaon pictus, outlines reasons for its decline and discusses recommendations to halt or reverse this decline. A recent review of the status of the species provides evidence that it has disappeared or is in decline throughout its range (sub-Saharan Africa). Relict populations with little or no chance of long-term survival are found in several countries including Algeria and Senegal. Countries believed to contain potentially viable populations are, from north to south, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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28

McNutt, J. Weldon, Megan N. Parker, Matthew J. Swarner, and Markus Gusset. "Adoption as a conservation tool for endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." South African Journal of Wildlife Research 38, no. 2 (2008): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3957/0379-4369-38.2.109.

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29

Ginsberg, J. R., K. A. Alexander, S. Creel, P. W. Kat, J. W. Mcnutt, and M. G. L. Mills. "Handling and Survivorship of African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus) in Five Ecosystems." Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (1995): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030665.x.

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30

Girman, D. J., P. W. Kat, M. G. L. Mills, et al. "Molecular Genetic and Morphological Analyses of the African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Heredity 84, no. 6 (1993): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111371.

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31

Garrod, A. H. "Notes on the Visceral Anatomy of Lycaon pictus, and of Nyctereutes procyonides." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 46, no. 1 (2009): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1878.tb07971.x.

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32

Courchamp, Franck, and David W. Macdonald. "Crucial importance of pack size in the African wild dog Lycaon pictus." Animal Conservation 4, no. 2 (2001): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1367943001001196.

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33

McNutt, J. Weldon, and Joan B. Silk. "Pup production, sex ratios, and survivorship in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 62, no. 7 (2007): 1061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0533-9.

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34

Woodroffe, Rosie, Peter Lindsey, Stephanie Romañach, Andrew Stein, and Symon M. K. ole Ranah. "Livestock predation by endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in northern Kenya." Biological Conservation 124, no. 2 (2005): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.028.

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35

Gascoyne, S. C., M. K. Laurenson, S. Lelo, and M. Borner. "RABIES IN AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS) IN THE SERENGETI REGION, TANZANIA." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29, no. 3 (1993): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.3.396.

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36

Kat, P. W., K. A. Alexander, J. S. Smith, J. D. Richardson, and L. Munson. "Rabies among African Wild Dogs (Lycaon Pictus) in the Masai Mara, Kenya." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8, no. 4 (1996): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879600800403.

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A pack of African wild dogs ( Lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the Masai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya was monitored from 1988 to 1989. During a 6-week period (August 1-September 13, 1989), 21 of 23 members of this pack died. Seven carcasses were retrieved, of which 4 were suitable for necropsy and histopathologic examination. Gross findings varied among individuals and included multiple bite wounds, synovitis, lymphadenopathy, submandibular, cervical, and vocal cord edema, blood in bronchi, bronchioles, stomach, and intestine, and anterioventral lung lobe consolidation. Hi
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37

Fraser-Celin, Valli-Laurente, and Alice J. Hovorka. "Compassionate Conservation: Exploring the Lives of African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Botswana." Animals 9, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9010016.

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This paper argues for a more compassionate conservation by positioning animals as subjects in research and scholarship. Compassionate conservation is a multidisciplinary field of study that broadly attends to the ethical dimensions of conservation by merging conservation biology and animal welfare science. However, animal geography is rarely discussed in the compassionate conservation scholarship despite sharing similar tenets. This paper argues that responsible anthropomorphism and animal geography concepts of animal subjectivity (lived experiences) and agency (capacity to act) positions Afri
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38

Jankowski, Gwen, Michael J. Adkesson, Jennifer N. Langan, Samantha Haskins, and Jamie Landolfi. "Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia and Pyometra in Three Captive African Hunting Dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 43, no. 1 (2012): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2010-0222.1.

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39

Connolly, Maren, Patrick Thomas, Rosie Woodroffe, and Bonnie L. Raphael. "SINGLE- VERSUS DOUBLE-DOSE RABIES VACCINATION IN CAPTIVE AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 46, no. 4 (2015): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2014-0060.1.

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40

Courchamp, Franck, Tim Clutton-Brock, and Bryan Grenfell. "Multipack dynamics and the Allee effect in the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus." Animal Conservation 3, no. 4 (2000): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2000.tb00113.x.

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41

Creel, S., N. Marusha Creel, and S. L. Monfort. "Birth order, estrogens and sex-ratio adaptation in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Animal Reproduction Science 53, no. 1-4 (1998): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(98)00121-3.

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42

Vahala, J., F. Kasˇe, and J. Pospísˇil. "The development of blood picture parameters in the cape hunting dog (Lycaon pictus)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 99, no. 1-2 (1991): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(91)90230-a.

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43

Woodroffe, Rosie, Peter A. Lindsey, Stephanie S. Romañach, and Symon M. K. ole Ranah. "African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) Can Subsist on Small Prey: Implications for Conservation." Journal of Mammalogy 88, no. 1 (2007): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/05-mamm-a-405r1.1.

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44

Jordan, Neil R., Krystyna A. Golabek, Peter J. Apps, Geoffrey D. Gilfillan, and John W. McNutt. "Scent-Mark Identification and Scent-Marking Behaviour in African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Ethology 119, no. 8 (2013): 644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12105.

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45

Kamler, Jan F., Harriet T. Davies‐Mostert, Luke Hunter, and David W. Macdonald. "Predation on black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) by African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." African Journal of Ecology 45, no. 4 (2007): 667–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00768.x.

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46

Bouley, Paola, Antonio Paulo, Mercia Angela, Cole Du Plessis, and David G. Marneweck. "The successful reintroduction of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) to Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249860.

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Large carnivores have experienced widespread extirpation and species are now threatened globally. The ecological impact of the loss of large carnivores has been prominent in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, after most were extirpated during the 1977–92 civil war. To remedy this, reintroductions are now being implemented in Gorongosa, initiating with endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), hereafter ‘wild dogs’. We describe the first transboundary translocation and reintroduction of founding packs of wild dogs to Gorongosa over a 28-month study period and evaluate the success of the r
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47

Ward, David G., David Blyde, John Lemon, and Steve Johnston. "ANESTHESIA OF CAPTIVE AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS) USING A MEDETOMIDINE–KETAMINE–ATROPINE COMBINATION." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 37, no. 2 (2006): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/05-037.1.

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48

Newell-Fugate, Annie, and Emily Lane. "Intrapartum Uterine Rupture with Coincidental Uterine Adenomyosis in an African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 40, no. 4 (2009): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2008-0160.1.

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49

Van den Berghe, Femke, Monique C. J. Paris, Zoltan Sarnyai, et al. "Social rank does not affect sperm quality in male African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 5 (2019): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18205.

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Sperm banking and AI could benefit endangered African wild dog conservation. However, it is unclear whether their dominance hierarchy causes a decrease in reproductive and sperm quality parameters in subordinate males that typically do not breed. In this study, we investigated the effect of social rank on male reproductive parameters, including faecal androgen and glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations, prostate and testes volume, preputial gland size, semen collection success and sperm quality. Samples were obtained from captive males (prebreeding season: n=12 from four packs; breeding seas
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50

Hunter, Sally C., Markus Gusset, Lance J. Miller, and Michael J. Somers. "Space Use as an Indicator of Enclosure Appropriateness in African Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus)." Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 17, no. 2 (2014): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2014.884401.

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