Journal articles: 'Lynx Spiders'

1

Whyte, Robert J. "Australian Lynx Spiders." Metamorphosis Australia : magazine of the Butterfly & Other Invertebrates Club 67 (December 2012): 21–24. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.419929.

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Townsend, Jr., Victor R., and Bruce E. Felgenhauer. "Variation in cuticular scales of the lynx spiders of the genus Hamataliwa and other genera (Araneae, Oxyopidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 11 (1999): 1705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-139.

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This study presents the first complete description of the external and internal morphology of cuticular scales of spiders of the genus Hamataliwa and is also the first examination of intrageneric variation in the morphology of the scales of the lynx spiders (Oxyopidae). The cuticular scales of nine species, including taxa from Australia and Central and North America, were examined using scanning electron microscopy, paraffin carving, and transmission electron microscopy (whole mounts only). The surface morphology and internal anatomy of the scales exhibit considerable intra- and inter-specific variation. The structures that exhibit the most variation are (i) the plicae, small lateral ridges on the dorsal surface, which show variation in both morphology and pattern, and (ii) the rod-shaped, branched cuticular elements that occur within the lumina, which vary most dramatically in pattern. Scale morphology also varies regionally (i.e., with respect to location on the body) in most species. A comparison of the morphology of scales of Hamataliwa spp. with those of the striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus, and the green lynx spider, Peucetia viridans, suggests that scales may represent a useful phylogenetic character for understanding relationships both within and between genera in the Oxyopidae.

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Wang, Kexin, James Mwangi, Kaixun Cao, et al. "Peptide Toxin Diversity and a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from the Spider Oxyopes forcipiformis." Toxins 16, no. 11 (2024): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16110466.

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Spider venoms are emerging as a rich source of bioactive peptide toxins with therapeutic potential. Lynx spiders of the genus Oxyopes are small, cursorial hunters that employ complex venom to subdue arthropod prey. However, extracting crude venom from these diminutive arachnids poses significant challenges. This study presents a transcriptome analysis of venom glands from an undescribed Oxyopes forcipiformis species, revealing 339 putative protein and peptide toxin sequences categorized into seven functional groups. The venom composition was dominated by membrane-active peptides (40.71%), venom auxiliary proteins (22.71%), neurotoxins (15.63%), channel active peptides (7.08%) and uncharacterized components (13.87%). Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of 65 disulfide-bond-rich peptides yielded six distinct families based on sequence homology and cysteine framework. Finally, a novel antimicrobial peptide, GK37, was identified using in silico and homology analyses. Our data suggested that GK37 presented significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.552 µM by disrupting bacterial membranes. At 4× MICs, GK37 almost showed no hemolytic activity on blood cells or toxicity against Hek293T cells. Our findings provided a basis for targeted studies of the diversity and pharmacological effects of lynx spider peptide. We elucidated a valuable high-throughput approach for obtaining proteins and peptides from small-group spiders.

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Li, Guo Tang Shuqiang. "Lynx spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Zootaxa 3362 (December 31, 2012): 1–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.246362.

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Vink, Cor J., and Phil J. Sirvid. "The Oxyopidae (lynx spiders) of New Zealand." New Zealand Entomologist 21, no. 1 (1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779962.1998.9722034.

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TANG, GUO, and SHUQIANG LI. "Lynx spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Zootaxa 3362, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3362.1.1.

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The lynx spiders (Araneae: Oxyopidae) from the tropical forests of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China were studied. Atotal of three genera and 16 species were examined and studied, including 10 new species from two genera: Hamataliwa fove-ata sp. nov., H. manca sp. nov., H. menglunensis sp. nov., H. oculata sp. nov., H. pedicula sp. nov., H. pentagona sp. nov., H.pilulifera sp. nov., H. submanca sp. nov., Oxyopes complicatus sp. nov. and O. submirabilis sp. nov. Hamataliwa subhadrae(Tikader, 1970) comb. nov. is transferred from Oxyopes Latreille, 1804. The females of Oxyopes mirabilis Zhang, 2005 and O.tenellus Song, 1991 are described for the first time. Hamadruas hieroglyphica (Thorell, 1887) and Hamataliwa subhadrae(Tikader, 1970) are newly recorded from China. The species Oxyopes bianatinus Xie & Kim, 1996 is considered a junior syn-onym of Oxyopes fujianicus Song & Zhu, 1993. Oxyopes decorosus Zhang & Zhu, 2005 is recorded from the Yunnan Province, China for the first time.

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Townsend, Victor R., and Bruce E. Felgenhauer. "The cuticular scales of Lynx spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae)." Journal of Morphology 236, no. 3 (1998): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199806)236:3<223::aid-jmor5>3.0.co;2-3.

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Villanueva-Bonilla, German Antonio, Suyen Safuan-Naide, and João Vasconcellos-Neto. "Population dynamics and phenology of two congeneric and sympatric lynx spiders Peucetia rubrolineata Keyserling, 1877 and Peucetia flava Keyserling, 1877 (Oxyopidae)." Journal of Natural History 52, no. 5-6 (2018): 361–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1433339.

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Villanueva-Bonilla, German Antonio, Safuan-Naide, Suyen, Vasconcellos-Neto, João (2018): Population dynamics and phenology of two congeneric and sympatric lynx spiders Peucetia rubrolineata Keyserling, 1877 and Peucetia flava Keyserling, 1877 (Oxyopidae). Journal of Natural History 52 (5-6): 361-376, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1433339, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1433339

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Moses, S., S. Pal, N. Chaudhuri, and J. Ghosh. "Faunistic and diagnostics of predaceous spiders in rice ecosystem under Terai region of West Bengal." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 4 (2023): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5073.

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Aim: Analyzing the community structure of predatory spider fauna in rice ecosystems to facilitate conservation biological control and sustainable pest management programmes. Methodology: The spiders were collected from rice field with cultivated variety (MTU-7029) during both Kharif and Rabi seasons at different rice growth stages. The spiders collected by various sampling methods such as direct catch in polythene carry bags, ground collection and foliage collection were kept in collection bottles and killed by inserting a strip of cotton dipped in chloroform and transferred separately on a white sheet of paper. Thereafter, using a stereo zoom microscope (ZEISS Stemi 508), the spiders were sorted, separated, counted, identified based on the available keys and literature described by Tikader (1987) and Barrion and Litsinger (1995). The unidentified samples were sent to the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for authorized identification. Results: In total, sixteen different species of predatory spiders belonging to six families of order Araneae and representing four functional/foraging guilds were identified in the rice ecosystem of Sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal. These included Lycosa pseudoannulata Boesenberg & Strand and Arctosa tanakai Barrion & Litsinger; Oxyopes lineatipes C.L. Koch, Oxyopes javanus Thorell and Oxyopes salticus Hentz; Bianor sp. and Hasarius adansoni Audouin, while the family Thomisidae was represented by a single species Thomisius sp. All these eight species constituted the non web former group of spiders. The web weaving spiders recorded were Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell, Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer. Tetragnatha javana Thorell, Leucage decorate Walckenaer, Leucage celesbesiana Walckenaer and Neoscona theisi Walckenaer, Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, Araneus sp. Interpretation: The lynx spiders (Oxyopidae) were found to be the most dominant group by individual numbers, followed by the wolf spiders (Lycosidae), however, considering the species richness, the long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) were in large number with five different species. Good agricultural practices along with habitat diversification of landscapes are imperative for enhancing the predation by rice field spiders. Key words: Dominance, Foraging guilds, Predatory spiders, Rice, Species richness, Terai region

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10

Pérez-Rigueiro, J., G. R. Plaza, F. G. Torres, et al. "Supercontraction of dragline silk spun by lynx spiders (Oxyopidae)." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 46, no. 5 (2010): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.03.013.

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11

Lo, Ying-Yuan, Ren-Chung Cheng, and Chung-Ping Lin. "Integrative species delimitation and five new species of lynx spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae) in Taiwan." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0301776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301776.

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An accurate assessment of species diversity is a cornerstone of biology and conservation. The lynx spiders (Araneae: Oxyopidae) represent one of the most diverse and widespread cursorial spider groups, however their species richness in Asia is highly underestimated. In this study, we revised species diversity with extensive taxon sampling in Taiwan and explored species boundaries based on morphological traits and genetic data using a two-step approach of molecular species delimitation. Firstly, we employed a single COI dataset and applied two genetic distance-based methods: ABGD and ASAP, and two topology-based methods: GMYC and bPTP. Secondly, we further analyzed the lineages that were not consistently delimited, and incorporated H3 to the dataset for a coalescent-based analysis using BPP. A total of eight morphological species were recognized, including five new species, Hamataliwa cordivulva sp. nov., Hamat. leporauris sp. nov., Tapponia auriola sp. nov., T. parva sp. nov. and T. rarobulbus sp. nov., and three newly recorded species, Hamadruas hieroglyphica (Thorell, 1887), Hamat. foveata Tang & Li, 2012 and Peucetia latikae Tikader, 1970. All eight morphological species exhibited reciprocally monophyletic lineages. The results of molecular-based delimitation analyses suggested a variety of species hypotheses that did not fully correspond to the eight morphological species. We found that Hamat. cordivulva sp. nov. and Hamat. foveata showed shallow genetic differentiation in the COI, but they were unequivocally distinguishable according to their genitalia. In contrast, T. parva sp. nov. represented a deep divergent lineage, while differences of genitalia were not detected. This study highlights the need to comprehensively employ multiple evidence and methods to delineate species boundaries and the values of diagnostic morphological characters for taxonomic studies in lynx spiders.

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Biswas, V., and D. Raychaudhuri. "Lynx Spiders of Khulna District of Bangladesh : Genus Oxyopes Latreille (Areaneae : Oxyopidae)." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 43, no. 2 (2016): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v43i2.27394.

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A study on the lynx-spiders was carried out from different areas of Khulna district of Bangladesh. Six (6) species of the genus Oxyopes Latreille were identified of which four (4) species were recorded for the first time from Bangladesh. The paper contains a description and distribution together with key to the species.Bangladesh J. Zool. 43(2): 221-238, 2015

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13

Torsekar, Viraj R., and Maria Thaker. "Mate-searching context of prey influences the predator–prey space race." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1935 (2020): 20201462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1462.

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Predation risk is a strong driver of prey distribution and movement. However, fitness-influencing behaviours, such as mating, can alter risk and influence predator–prey space-use dynamics. In tree crickets, Oecanthus henryi , mate searching involves acoustic signalling by immobile males and phonotactic movement by females. Space-use patterns in tree crickets relative to their primary predators, green lynx spiders ( Peucetia viridans ), should therefore depend on their current mate-searching state; whether males are calling or non-calling and whether females are phonotactic or non-phonotactic. We first measured the degree of spatial anchoring of crickets to specific bushes in the field and determined whether that influenced the probability of broad-scale spatial overlap with spiders. In the absence of spiders, all crickets, independent of sex or male calling status, were found to be spatially anchored to specific types of bushes and not uniformly distributed on the landscape. At the broad spatial scale, spiders were more likely to be found on bushes with female crickets and, to a lesser degree, calling male crickets. At a finer spatial scale within a bush, movement strategies of crickets not only varied depending on the presence or absence of a spider, but also on their current mate-searching state. Phonotactic females showed clear predator avoidance, whereas calling and non-calling males moved towards the spider instead of away, similar to predator inspection behaviour seen in many taxa. As the strongly selected sex, males are more likely to undertake risky mate-searching activities, which includes inspection of predator positions. Overall, we found that all crickets were predictably anchored at the landscape scale, but their sex and mate-seeking behaviour influenced the degree of overlap with predators and their antipredator movement strategies. Reproductive strategies within a prey species, therefore, can alter predator–prey space race at multiple spatial scales.

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Townsend, Victor R., and Bruce E. Felgenhauer. "Ultrastructure of the cuticular scales of lynx spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae) and jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)." Journal of Morphology 240, no. 1 (1999): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199904)240:1<77::aid-jmor6>3.0.co;2-p.

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Townsend Jr, Victor R., Bruce E. Felgenhauer, and Judy F. Grimshaw. "Comparative morphology of the Australian lynx spiders of the genus Oxyopes (Araneae : Oxyopidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 5 (2001): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00054.

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We examined the morphology of the genitalia and cuticular scales of eight species of Australian lynx spiders of the genus Oxyopes and compared them with those of representative species from Africa, Asia and North America. Our results indicate that the eight species examined are representative of two distinct species groups of Oxyopes in Australia. The first group consists ofO. amoenus, O. dingo, O. gracilipes, O. molarius, O. rubicundus, and O. variabilis. The evolutionary origin of these spiders is difficult to discern as they share multiple genitalic characters with African and Asian taxa. However, these six species display two characters, leg scales and internal cuticular elements in the opisthosomal scales, that are exhibited by African, but not Asian, taxa. The second group consists of Oxyopes macilentus and O. papuanis. These taxa exhibit many of the same morphological features, exhibited by Asian, but not African, species.

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Esyunin, S. L., and T. K. Tuneva. "A review of palaearctic lynx-spiders of the Oxyopes heterophthalmus group (Aranei, Oxyopidae)." Entomological Review 89, no. 1 (2009): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s001387380901014x.

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Büchner, Sven, Nicolle Bräsel, and Irmhild Wolz. "What to eat if there are no fruits in the forest? The food of Muscardinus avellanarius in non-typical habitats (Rodentia: Gliridae)." Lynx, new series 49, no. 1 (2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2018-0004.

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Abstract Faeces of the hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) were collected from two forests dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) and three by European beech (Fagus sylvatica) for comparison with faeces from a species-rich broad-leafed forest. Samples were analysed under the microscope. At the species-rich forest the hazel dormice consumed inflorescences, acorns from the previous year, fungi and arthropods in spring, fruits (soft mast) in summer and hard mast in the autumn. As expected, there was no, or nearly no, soft mast in the hazel dormouse diet in the beech and spruce forests. The main food sources were inflorescences, seeds, arthropods and a rather high percentage of vegetative plant material. Besides the remains of insects from eight orders, we also found spiders (Araneae), harvesters (Opiliones) and centipedes (Chilopoda) as prey of hazel dormice. Hazel dormice can feed in beech woods on beech nuts in the autumn. However, it is not yet clear how they are able to gain weight in spruce dominated forests.

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Baehr, Barbara C., Danilo Harms, Nadine Dupérré, and Robert Raven. "The Australian Lynx Spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae, Oxyopes) of the Godeffroy Collection, including the description of a new species." Evolutionary Systematics 1 (December 22, 2017): 11–37. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.14652.

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The historical Godeffroy Collection of spiders at the Centrum für Naturkunde (CeNak) in Hamburg comprises several hundred type specimens from Australia and is an essential source for arachnologists around the world. In this paper, we re-describe and illustrate the Australian Oxyopes material from this collection. Most specimens were collected by C. F. Eduard Dämel for the Godeffroy Museum and described in 1871-1881 by pioneering arachnologist Ludwig Carl Christian Koch as part of the first monograph on Australian spiders: Die Arachniden Australiens. Twelve species are redescribed and properly illustrated for the first time: Oxyopes amoenus L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes attenuatus L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes elegans L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes gratus L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes gracilipes (White, 1849), Oxyopes macilentus L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes molarius L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes mundulus L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes punctatus L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes quadrifasciatus L. Koch, 1878, Oxyopes rubicundus L. Koch, 1878, and Oxyopes variabilis L. Koch, 1878. Oxyopes lautus L. Koch, 1878 is treated as a numen dubium because both palps are lost. The new species Oxyopes godeffroyi sp. n. is described from this historical material and was probably overlooked by Koch. An identification key for these species is provided and the history of these specimens reviewed briefly. A map shows the localities of the redescribed Oxyopes species and the general distribution of the Oxyopes species in Queensland.

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Lo, Ying-Yuan, Ren-Chung Cheng, and Chung-Ping Lin. "Correction: Integrative species delimitation and five new species of lynx spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae) in Taiwan." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0316369. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316369.

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Townsend Jr., Victor R., and Bruce E. Felgenhauer. "Phylogenetic significance of the morphology of the cuticular scales of the lynx spiders (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Journal of Zoology 253, no. 3 (2001): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836901000292.

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Rahman, Mohammad Wasif, Gopal Das, and Mohammad Mahir Uddin. "Field efficacy of some new insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their toxic effects on natural enemies." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 3 (2019): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i3.43205.

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Brinjal is susceptible to attack of various insect pests from seedling to fruiting stage. Among these, brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen.) is the most destructive pest and is considered to be the limiting factor in quantitative as well asqualitative harvest of brinjal fruits. In the present study, efficacy of some new insecticides viz. Pine 6 WG (Emamectin benzoate + Abamectin), Heron 5 EC (Lufenuron), Belt 24 WG (Flubendiamide) and Cyclone 2.5 EC (Lambda-cyhalothrin) were evaluated against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) in field condition from the period of October, 2015 to April, 2016. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications and two concentrations of each of the insecticides. A total of three spraying was given and finally a cumulative mean was found out. Data were collected on percent shoot infestation, percent fruit infestation, marketable fruit yield (t/ha) and abundances of natural enemies per plant. Results clearly showed that all the insecticides significantly reduced BSFB infestation as well as increased marketable fruit yield compared to the untreated control. The highest shoot (27.40%) and fruit (55.93%) infestation were recorded from control plots. On the other hand, the lowest shoot (6.71%) and fruit (11.58%) infestation were recorded from Pine 6 WG treated plots @ 0.50 g/L that was followed by Heron 5 EC @ 1.0 ml/L (6.89% shoot; 14.51% fruits), Cyclone 2.5 EC @ 1.5 ml/L (15.73% shoot and 16.45% fruits) and Belt 24 WG @ 0.50 g/L (9.53% shoot and 25.47% fruits), respectively. Similar trend was found in case of marketable fruit yield as well. Pine 6 WG and Heron 5 EC were found to be comparatively safe for both ladybird beetle and lynx spiders as their abundances were not changed significantly compared to untreated control. In contrast, the application of Belt 24 WG and Cyclone 2.5 EC has reduced 50 to 60% of the ladybird beetle and lynx spiders populations in brinjal eco-system. The results suggested that two biopesticides viz., Pine 6 WG and Heron 5 EC can be used successfully against BSFB considering minimum shoot and fruit infestation, higher fruit yield and less toxicity to natural enemies in brinjal eco-system. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 319–324, 2019

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Santos, Adalberto, and Antonio Brescovit. "A revision of the Neotropical species of the lynx spider genus Peucetia Thorell 1869 (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 34, no. 1 (2003): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631203788964863.

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AbstractThe spider genus Peucetia includes 54 species of medium-sized and widely distributed spiders. The majority of its species occurs in the tropical regions, of which only the African fauna has been recently revised. In the Neotropical Region 26 species were described, of which 17 are here synonymyzed. Peucetia tranquillini Mello-Leitão 1922, P. rubrigastra Mello-Leitão 1929, P. meridionalis Mello-Leitão 1929, P. villosa Mello-Leitão 1929, and P. viridisternis Mello-Leitão 1945 are considered junior synonyms of P. flava Keyserling 1877. Eight names, Peucetia similis Keyserling 1877, P. amazonica Mello-Leitão 1929, P. heterochroma Mello-Leitão 1929, P. maculipedes Piza 1938, P. trivittata Mello-Leitão 1940, P. duplovittata Mello-Leitão 1941, and P. roseonigra Mello-Leitão 1943 and Tapinillus argentinus Mello-Leitão 1941 are considered junior synonyms of P. rubrolineata Keyserling 1877. Both senior species are extremelly common, occurring from Colombia to northern Argentina. Peucetia macroglossa Mello-Leitão 1929, recorded only from Central Brazilian Amazonia and Guyana is considered a senior synonym of P. melloleitaoi Caporiacco 1947. Two species occur from Southern USA to northern Colombia: Peucetia viridans (Hentz 1832) and P. longipalpis F. O. P.-Cambridge 1902. The former is recognized as a senior synonym of P. poeyi (Lucas 1857), P. bibranchiata F. O. P.- 1902 and P. rubricapilla Petrunkevitch 1925 and the later as a senior synonym of P. cauca Lourenço 1990. Peucetia viridis (Blackwall 1858), known from Africa, southern Spain and Middle East is newly recorded from the West Indies. One new species, Peucetia cayapa sp. n., is described and illustrated based on males and females from Ecuador and Peru. Peucetia caldensis Garcia-Neto 1989, from Brazil, is transferred to Tapinillus Simon 1898. The type specimens of three species, P. quadrilineata Simon 1891 and P. thalassina (C. L. Koch 1847) from Central America, and P. smaragdina Mello-Leitão 1941 from Colombia are probably lost. Since their original descriptions are not sufficiently clear for their recognition, they are considered nomina dubia.

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Naik, R. Bala Muralidhar, K. Vijaya Lakshmi, M. Venkataiah, C. Srinivas, G. Uma Devi, and K. V. Radhakrishna. "Population dynamics of stem fly and defoliator pests of soybean and their natural enemies in relation to weather parameters." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, AAEBSSD (2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17-aaebssd/17-26.

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The field experiment was carried out at Polasa Farm, Regional agricultural research station Jagtial during the Kharif, 2014-15 and 2015-16. Study about pre dominant lepidopteran insect –pests in soybean crop noticed that the tobacco cut worm, (Spodptera exigua Hubner), green semi looper(Crysodexis acuta Walker), and tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab) along with stemfly, (Melanagromyza obtusa Zehnter) as non lepidopteran pest were noticed at various growth stages of cropgrowth. The peak activity of stem fly (37.84%) was observed during 37th standard week per meter row) for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 to a maximum infestation of 35.70 per cent during 30th std.week. The peak activity of caterpillar pests i.e., S. litura (7.6 larvae per meter row) for the year 2014 was observed during 34th std.week and for the year 2015 (12.4 per meter row during 36th std.week and C. acuta (0.7 larvae per meter row) during 36th std. week for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 (2.20 larvae/mrl on 37th std week. S. exigua (1.6 larvae per meter row) for both the years 2014 and 2015 was observed during 32th std.week Among the natural enemies, one predators namely, spiders (Oxyopes sp. was observed to prey on the insect pests.The biocontrol agent’s one species, lynx spider, Oxyopes sp. population recorded on the crop during Kharif , 2014 ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 /mrl and 0.15 to 0.60/ mrl during Kharif, 2015.

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Baehr, Barbara C., Danilo Harms, Nadine Dupérré, and Robert Raven. "The Australian Lynx Spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae, Oxyopes) of the Godeffroy Collection, including the description of a new species." Evolutionary Systematics 1, no. 1 (2017): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.14652.

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Guillebeau, L. P., and J. N. All. "Big-Eyed Bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and the Striped Lynx Spider (Araneae: Oxyopidae): Intra- and Interspecific Interference on Predation of First Instar Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 1 (1990): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.30.

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To understand agroecology and to increase the role of entomophages in pest management, it is important to understand interactions among arthropod predators. Laboratory studies were conducted with 1–2 adult big-eyed bugs, (BEB) Geocoris spp., 1–2 striped lynx spiders (SLS), Oxyopes salticus Hentz (lst–3rd instar), or one of each to investigate conspecific and interspecific interference of predation on 1st instar Heliothis zea Boddie in the laboratory. The number of 1st instar H. zea consumed per individual in 24 h fell significantly when two adult BEB were confined together compared with the number consumed by solitary BEB. Placing two juvenile SLS together did not reduce the number of larvae consumed per individual in 24 h. The combined feeding rate of one BEB and one SLS confined together fell well below the sum of the rates for solitary BEB and SLS, but it was unclear to what degree each predator's feeding rate was reduced. These results suggest that exceeding the optimum density of BEB and SLS in the field could reduce the biocontrol of H. zea provided by BEB.

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Townsend, Jr., Victor R., and Bruce E. Felgenhauer. "Variation in cuticular scales of the lynx spiders of the genus Hamataliwa and other genera (Araneae, Oxyopidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 11 (1999): 1705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-77-11-1705.

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Avila, J., and L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque. "Impact of a Brazilian Nucleopolyhedrovirus Release on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Secondary Insect Pests, and Predators on Soybean in Mexico." Journal of Entomological Science 40, no. 2 (2005): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-40.2.222.

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A 4-yr study (2000–2003) in southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, compared the impact of a Brazilian nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgNPV) and cypermethrin on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, secondary pests, and arthropod predators in soybean fields. Areas treated with AgNPV had consistently low levels of A. gemmatalis beginning soon after application, while other arthropods within the agroecosystem remained in balance. Cypermethrin was highly effective against A. gemmatalis, but caused its rapid resurgence and increased secondary pests, mainly Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), as a result of elimination of the beneficial fauna. Densities of Nezara viridula (L.) were higher in the AgNPV plot than in the cypermethrin plot only during 2000, with no significant differences in the subsequent years. Overall (2000–2003), numbers of the predators Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), hemipterans and lynx spiders were generally five times higher in the AgNPV plots than in the cypermethrin plots. Additional observations made only during 2003 showed a moderate presence of other predators (Calosoma sp. and Polistes sp.) and parasitism by Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman) on A. gemmatalis and P. includens up to 40% in the AgNPV plot, in contrast with the cypermethrin plot, where these beneficials were not detected. This study showed the potential of AgNPV as a biocontrol-based IPM strategy for soybeans in Mexico.

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Tillman, P. Glynn. "Mortality of the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Sorghum Panicles in Georgia." Journal of Entomological Science 41, no. 4 (2006): 292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-41.4.292.

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The mortality of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), on sorghum panicles in Georgia was determined in a 2-yr study. Percent total real mortality (rx) of H. zea exceeded 99% for each year and planting date. Percent total real mortality was highest for eggs followed by 1st instars. Parasitization and predation were the primary mortality factors for eggs on sorghum panicles. Larval mortality was due in part to predation, parasitization, and infection by pathogens. Trichogramma pretiosum Riley was the only egg parasitoid observed on sorghum panicles. Orius insidiosus (Say) was the predominant predator of H. zea. Other predators observed feeding on H. zea included the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), green lynx spiders, Peucetia viridans (Hentz), and lady beetles (mainly Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville). A variety of parasitoids attacked larvae on sorghum. The braconid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) parasitized small to medium-sized larvae. The tachinids Eucelatoria rubentis Coquillett and Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) parasitized large larvae. Two pathogens, HzNPV, a naturally-occurring nuclear polyhedrosis virus of H. zea, and the fungus, Entomophthora aulicae (Reichardt) G. Winter, caused mortality of larvae. In conclusion, biological control by natural enemies of H. zea on sorghum panicles resulted in significant mortality for this pest.

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29

Villanueva-Bonilla, German Antonio, Suyen Safuan-Naide, and João Vasconcellos-Neto. "Population dynamics and phenology of two congeneric and sympatric lynx spiders Peucetia rubrolineata Keyserling, 1877 and Peucetia flava Keyserling, 1877 (Oxyopidae)." Journal of Natural History 52, no. 5-6 (2018): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1433339.

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Nyffeler, M., D. A. Dean, and W. L. Sterling. "Diets, Feeding Specialization, and Predatory Role of Two Lynx Spiders, Oxyopes salticus and Peucetia viridans (Araneae:Oxyopidae), in a Texas Cotton Agroecosystem." Environmental Entomology 21, no. 6 (1992): 1457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/21.6.1457.

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Amulya, Kandampully Baji, Honey Sebastian, and Ambalaparambil Vasu Sudhikumar. "Description of new species of Genus Hamataliwa (Araneae, Oxyopidae) from India." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 67, no. (2) (2024): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.67.e97171.

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New species of Lynx spider, <em>Hamataliwa sagitta</em> sp. nov. is described from Vazhani dam area, a part of Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Detailed morphological description, diagnostic features and illustration of the female of this species is given.

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Santos, Adalberto J. "The jumping lynx spider Oxyopes salticus Hentz, 1845 and its Neotropical relatives (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Zootaxa 4216, no. 5 (2017): 457–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.242322.

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Rahaman, MM, KS Islam, M. Jahan, and MAA Mamun. "Relative abundance of stem borer species and natural enemies in rice ecosystem at Madhupur, Tangail, Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 2 (2016): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i2.28681.

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The relative abundance of different stem borer species and their natural enemies with interaction effects were studied at three growth stages of irrigated Boro rice at Madhupur under the district of Tangail, Bangladesh during January to April, 2013. Five stem borer species viz; Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), Pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens), Dark headed stem borer (Chilo polyhcrysus), Stripped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), White stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), and nine different natural enemies were collected from the rice fields and recorded. The population of stem borers and natural enemies was highest in tillering stage and lowest in seedling stage. The relative abundance of stem borer species under investigation showed ranking order; yellow stem borer >dark headed stem borer>pink borer>white borer>stripped stem borer and natural enemies as ladybird beetle >long jawed spider>wolf spider>damselfly>carabid beetle>green mirid bug>lynx spider>dragon fly>ear wig. Populations of all five stem borers were positively correlated with ladybird beetle, wolf spider, long jawed spider, lynx spider, damsel fly, dragon fly, green mirid bug and negatively correlated with carabid beetle and earwig.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 267-272, December 2014

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Bush, Sean P., Paul Giem, and Richard S. Vetter. "Green lynx spider (Peucetia viridans) envenomation." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 18, no. 1 (2000): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(00)90052-4.

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Sen, Souvik, and Pavittu M. Sureshan. "A new species of Hamataliwa (Araneae: Oxyopidae) from Western Ghats, India." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 65, no. (1) (2022): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.65.e63398.

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A new species of lynx spider genus Hamataliwa Keyserling is described from the Western Ghats, one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Female of the new species is illustrated, and distribution has been mapped.

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Alberto, T. Barrion, Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo Aimee, Lynn A. Catindig Josie, et al. "NEW SPECIES OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE) FROM HAINAN ISLAND, CHINA." UPLB Museum Publications in Natural History 3 (December 31, 2016): 1–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.269136.

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Alberto T. Barrion, Aimee Lynn A. Barrion-Dupo, Josie Lynn A. Catindig, Sylvia C. Villareal, Ducheng Cai, Qianhua Yuan, Kong Luen Heong (2016): NEW SPECIES OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE) FROM HAINAN ISLAND, CHINA. UPLB Museum Publications in Natural History 3: 1-103, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.269136

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Amulya, Kandampully Baji, Honey Sebastian, and Ambalaparambil Vasu Sudhikumar. "Description of new species of Genus Hamataliwa (Araneae, Oxyopidae) from India." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 67, no. 2 (2024): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.3897/travaux.67.e97171.

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New species of Lynx spider, Hamataliwa sagitta sp. nov. is described from Vazhani dam area, a part of Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Detailed morphological description, diagnostic features and illustration of the female of this species is given.

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38

Guzmán-Vásquez, Héctor M., and Miguel Ángel García García. "New observations on prey scarab beetles and host plants of the green lynx spider, Peucetia viridans (Hentz, 1832) (Araneae: Oxyopidae) in Oaxaca, Mexico." Journal of Natural History 58, no. 45-48 (2024): 2003–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2406048.

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Guzmán-Vásquez, Héctor M., García, Miguel Ángel García (2024): New observations on prey scarab beetles and host plants of the green lynx spider, Peucetia viridans (Hentz, 1832) (Araneae: Oxyopidae) in Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Natural History 58 (45-48): 2003-2016, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2406048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2406048

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Po, Mylene Milan, and Bimbo Mandras. "Distribution, Spread and Management Practices Against Rice Black Bug in Leyte." Science and Humanities Journal 4 (December 1, 2004): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47773/shj.1998.041.5.

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Rice black bug infestation in the island of Leyte was noticed in late 2001 in Libagon, Southern Leyte. Spread of infestation continued irregularly in many municipalities of Leyte in a year. Light trapping, delayed and synchronous rice planting, duck herding, handpicking of rice blag bug, fallowing, weeding and application of Metarhizium anisopliae were some of the control strategies done by farmers in reducing rice black bug population. Natural enemies that were observed to be present in the field were Solenopsis sp. (red ant), Micraspis crocet Mulsant (coccinellid beetle), Ophionia nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel) [ground beeetle], Metioche vittaticollis (cricket), salticid (jumping spider), Tetragnatha sp. (four-jawed spider), Lycosa sp. (ground spider), and Oxyopes sp. (lynx spider), Telenomus sp. (Order Hymenoptera, wasp) and M. anisopliae (green muscardine fungus)

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Kring, T. J., S. Y. Young, and W. C. Yearian. "THE STRIPED LYNX SPIDER, OXYOPES SALTICUS HENTZ (ARANEAE: OXYOPIDAE), AS A VECTOR OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS IN ANTICARSIA GEMMATALIS HÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)1." Journal of Entomological Science 23, no. 4 (1988): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.4.394.

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The potential for transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (AgNPV) by the striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus Hentz, was examined in the laboratory. Activity of the virus in excreta of O. salticus which had fed on an AgNPV - infected A. gemmatalis larva was bioassayed on alternate days over a 14 - day period. Oxyopes salticus excreta contained an average of 3.3 ± 2.2 × 104 polyhedral inclusion bodies per spider over the test period, with 95% of the active virus excreted within 24 hrs of ingestion. The amount of virus excreted was significant because only a mean of 1.2% of the total virus present in infected larva was consumed by the spider. The results suggest that O. salticus, and probably other spider predators in soybeans, may be important in dissemination of AgNPV in A. gemmatalis populations.

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Shin, Min Kyoung, In-Wook Hwang, Bo-Young Jang, et al. "The Identification of a Novel Spider Toxin Peptide, Lycotoxin-Pa2a, with Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities." Antibiotics 12, no. 12 (2023): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121708.

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With the increasing challenge of controlling infectious diseases due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, the importance of discovering new antimicrobial agents is rapidly increasing. Animal venoms contain a variety of functional peptides, making them a promising platform for pharmaceutical development. In this study, a novel toxin peptide with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities was discovered from the spider venom gland transcriptome by implementing computational approaches. Lycotoxin-Pa2a (Lytx-Pa2a) showed homology to known-spider toxin, where functional prediction indicated the potential of both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory peptides without hemolytic activity. The colony-forming assay and minimum inhibitory concentration test showed that Lytx-Pa2a exhibited comparable or stronger antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains than melittin. Following mechanistic studies revealed that Lytx-Pa2a disrupts both cytoplasmic and outer membranes of bacteria while simultaneously inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The peptide exerted no significant toxicity when treated to human primary cells, murine macrophages, and bovine red blood cells. Moreover, Lytx-Pa2a alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mouse macrophages by suppressing the expression of inflammatory mediators. These findings not only suggested that Lytx-Pa2a with dual activity can be utilized as a new antimicrobial agent for infectious diseases but also demonstrated the implementation of in silico methods for discovering a novel functional peptide, which may enhance the future utilization of biological resources.

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ZHANG, JUN-XIA, MING-SHENG ZHU, and DA-XIANG SONG. "Revision of the spider genus Hamataliwa Keyserling from China (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Zootaxa 1017, no. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1017.1.1.

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Five lynx spider species of the genus Hamataliwa Keyserling from China are described, including two new species, Hamataliwa aurita sp. nov. and H. cordata sp. nov. The species Oxyopes labialis Song, 1991 and O. sikkimensis Tikader, 1970 are transferred to Hamataliwa as their genital structures are coherent with the diagnosis of Hamataliwa. The species H. sanmenensis Song & Zheng, 1992 is redescribed from type specimens from Sanmen County of Zhejiang Province, China. A key to Chinese species of Hamataliwa is provided.

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Young, Orrey P., and Timothy C. Lockley. "The striped lynx spider,Oxyopes salticus [Araneae: Oxyopidae], in agroecosystems." Entomophaga 30, no. 4 (1985): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02372339.

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Sachkova, Maria Y., Anna A. Slavokhotova, Eugene V. Grishin, and Alexander A. Vassilevski. "Genes and evolution of two-domain toxins from lynx spider venom." FEBS Letters 588, no. 5 (2014): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.018.

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AVILÉS, LETICIA. "Social behaviour in a web-building lynx spider, Tapinillus sp. (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 52, no. 2 (1994): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1994.tb00985.x.

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Hanna, Chadwick J., and Vincent A. Cobb. "CRITICAL THERMAL MAXIMUM OF THE GREEN LYNX SPIDER, PEUCETIA VIRIDANS (ARANEAE, OXYOPIDAE)." Journal of Arachnology 35, no. 1 (2007): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/sh06-01.1.

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SANKARAN, PRADEEP M. "Taxonomic notes on two poorly known lynx spider species from India (Araneae: Oxyopidae)." Zootaxa 5458, no. 2 (2024): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5458.2.9.

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Levy, Gershom. "The lynx and nursery-web spider families in Israel (Araneae, Oxyopidae and Pisauridae)." Zoosystema 21, no. 1 (1999): 29–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.268912.

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Shin, Min Kyoung, Hye-Ran Park, In-Wook Hwang, et al. "In Silico-Based Design of a Hybrid Peptide with Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a Spider Toxin Peptide." Toxins 15, no. 12 (2023): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15120668.

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The escalating prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses an immediate and grave threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained significant attention as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. Animal venom comprises a diverse array of bioactive compounds, which can be a rich source for identifying new functional peptides. In this study, we identified a toxin peptide, Lycotoxin-Pa1a (Lytx-Pa1a), from the transcriptome of the Pardosa astrigera spider venom gland. To enhance its functional properties, we employed an in silico approach to design a novel hybrid peptide, KFH-Pa1a, by predicting antibacterial and cytotoxic functionalities and incorporating the amino-terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II) (ATCUN)-binding motif. KFH-Pa1a demonstrated markedly superior antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared to Lytx-Pa1a. Notably, KFH-Pa1a exerted several distinct mechanisms, including the disruption of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, the generation of intracellular ROS, and the cleavage and inhibition of bacterial DNA. Additionally, the hybrid peptide showed synergistic activity when combined with conventional antibiotics. Our research not only identified a novel toxin peptide from spider venom but demonstrated in silico-based design of hybrid AMP with strong antimicrobial activity that can contribute to combating MDR pathogens, broadening the utilization of biological resources by incorporating computational approaches.

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Punzo, Fred. "EARLY EXPERIENCE AND PREY PREFERENCE IN THE LYNX SPIDER, OXYOPES SALTICUS HENTZ (ARANEAE: OXYOPIDAE)." Journal of the New York Entomological Society 110, no. 2 (2002): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[0255:eeappi]2.0.co;2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lynx Spiders'

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